A method of applying a soil amendment

Abstract

The application provides a soil amendment application method. The application method comprises the following steps: after the seed is sowed, the soil amendment is diluted, and the first spraying is performed on the surface of the saline-alkali soil; after the seedling emergence, the soil amendment is diluted, and the second spraying is performed on the surface of the saline-alkali soil together with the herbicide; after the second spraying, the third spraying is performed on the surface of the saline-alkali soil by using the diluted soil amendment after one week; the soil amendment comprises a TM solution and a water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid; wherein the TM solution is composed of organic seaweed powder, aloe, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup and organic alfalfa powder. The above method can greatly improve the nutrient environment of the saline-alkali soil, especially the salt content of the plough layer soil of the saline-alkali soil is effectively inhibited, and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is also improved, so that the sustainable utilization of the saline-alkali soil is possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and more specifically, to a method for applying a soil conditioner. Background Technology

[0002] High soil salinity, low organic matter content, and poor microbial community structure often lead to poor plant growth, and in severe cases, even death. Effectively reducing the salinity of saline soil while simultaneously increasing soil nutrient content, enriching the soil microbial community, promoting the effective utilization of soil nutrients, and improving land productivity is a major task currently facing saline-alkali land improvement.

[0003] Saline-alkali land improvement is a complex, important, and systematic agricultural and environmental engineering project. It requires selecting appropriate improvement measures based on different types and degrees of saline-alkali land, and comprehensively considering factors such as water resources, economic costs, and environmental impact. Soil amendments play a crucial role in the process. Soil amendments, also known as soil conditioners, broadly refer to materials that can improve and regulate soil properties; narrowly, they refer to materials primarily used to improve soil properties to promote plant growth. Soil amendments can be classified according to their source, properties, and uses. Based on their raw material source, soil conditioners can be classified into natural conditioners, synthetic conditioners, natural-synthetic copolymer conditioners, and biological conditioners. Based on their properties, they can be classified into acidic soil conditioners, alkaline soil conditioners, inorganic soil conditioners, organic soil conditioners, nutrient-based soil conditioners, soil conditioners for controlling soil-borne diseases, and microbial soil conditioners. Based on their application, they can be classified into soil conditioners for preventing soil degradation, soil erosion, heavy metal pollution, and wasteland development. Despite the vast variety of soil conditioners, the main problems in improving saline-alkali land remain: large dosage, high cost, short-term effects, and side effects. Some conditioners even carry toxic and harmful elements, causing serious secondary pollution to soil and plants.

[0004] Therefore, in the future research and application of saline-alkali soil conditioners, it is necessary to select and develop suitable saline-alkali soil conditioners according to local conditions and application objectives. In particular, environmentally friendly and multifunctional saline-alkali soil conditioners that are combined with fertilizers and soil microorganisms are the future direction of saline-alkali soil conditioner research and development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method for applying a soil conditioner to solve the problem of poor soil conditioner improvement in existing technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for applying a soil conditioner is provided, the method comprising: after seed sowing, diluting the soil conditioner and spraying it for the first time on the surface of saline-alkali soil; after seedling emergence, diluting the soil conditioner and spraying it for the second time on the surface of saline-alkali soil together with a herbicide; and after the second spraying, after an interval of one week, spraying the surface of saline-alkali soil a third time using the diluted soil conditioner; the soil conditioner comprises a TM solution and a water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid; wherein the TM solution is composed of organic seaweed powder, aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup and organic alfalfa powder.

[0007] Further, by mass fraction, the TM solution consists of 15-20% organic seaweed powder, 1-3% aloe vera, 1.5-5% soybean lecithin, 1-5% organic starch, 1.5-5% organic syrup, 2-5% organic alfalfa powder, and the balance being water; preferably, by mass fraction, the TM solution consists of 15% organic seaweed powder, 1% aloe vera, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% organic starch, 1.5% organic syrup, 2% organic alfalfa powder, and the balance being water.

[0008] Furthermore, by mass fraction, the water-soluble fertilizer also includes: 60-70% mineral-derived humic acid, 15-20% industrial monoammonium phosphate and 10-20% potassium sulfate; preferably, by mass fraction, the water-soluble fertilizer also includes: 70% mineral-derived humic acid, 17% industrial monoammonium phosphate and 13% potassium sulfate.

[0009] Further, the soil conditioner is diluted by: mixing 15-65 ml of TM solution with 30-50 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and diluting the soil conditioner with 25-35 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of saline-alkali soil.

[0010] Further, diluting the soil conditioner includes: mixing 65 ml of TM solution and 30 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 mu of saline-alkali soil; preferably, diluting the soil conditioner includes: mixing 15 ml of TM solution and 30 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 mu of saline-alkali soil.

[0011] Further, the soil conditioner is diluted by: mixing 30 ml of TM solution and 50 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of saline-alkali soil.

[0012] Further, the soil conditioner is diluted by: mixing 50 ml of TM solution and 50 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of saline-alkali soil.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation method of the TM solution includes: S1, mixing aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup and organic alfalfa powder with water, filtering to obtain a concentrated solution; S2, enzymatically hydrolyzing organic seaweed to obtain organic seaweed powder; S3, mixing the concentrated solution with the organic seaweed powder to obtain the TM solution.

[0014] Further, S1 includes: at 20-25℃, immersing aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup, and organic alfalfa powder in water to a depth of 3-5cm and soaking for 5-7 hours; adding water again, so that the amount of water is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the total water volume of the TM solution, stirring at a constant temperature for 40-45 days, and filtering to obtain a concentrated solution.

[0015] Furthermore, the enzymes used in S2 for enzymatic hydrolysis include xylanase and alginate lyase; preferably, the organic seaweed includes *Leptochloa crus-galli*; preferably, the amounts of xylanase and alginate lyase are independently 2000-2500 U / g and 2500-3500 U / g, respectively.

[0016] By applying the technical solution of this invention, the soil conditioner containing the relevant components of this application can greatly improve the nutrient environment of saline-alkali soil, especially effectively inhibiting the increase of salinity in the topsoil of saline-alkali soil, while also improving the pH value of saline-alkali soil, increasing the organic matter content in the improved soil, and decreasing the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, indicating better absorption of nutrients. This results in better growth on saline-alkali soil treated with the soil conditioner of this application, providing a possibility for the sustainable utilization of saline-alkali soil. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This illustrates the effect of soil conditioner treatment on maize root dry weight in Example 2 of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 The following diagram illustrates the changes in salinity in moderately saline-alkali land without any amendments applied, before sowing and after corn harvest in Example 2 of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 This illustrates the changes in salinity of moderately saline-alkali land treated with soil conditioner 1 in Example 2 of this application before and after corn harvest;

[0021] Figure 4 This illustrates the changes in salinity of moderately saline-alkali land treated with soil conditioner 2 in Example 2 of this application before and after corn harvest;

[0022] Figure 5 This illustrates the changes in salinity of moderately saline-alkali land treated with soil conditioner 3 in Example 2 of this application before and after corn harvest;

[0023] Figure 6 The changes in salinity of moderately saline-alkali land treated with soil conditioner 4 in Example 2 of this application are shown before treatment and after corn harvest.

[0024] Figure 7 The changes in salinity of moderately saline-alkali land treated with soil conditioner 5 in Example 2 of this application are shown before treatment and after corn harvest.

[0025] Figure 8 The changes in salinity of moderately saline-alkali land treated with soil conditioner 6 in Example 2 of this application are shown before treatment and after corn harvest. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] As mentioned in the background art, existing methods for remediating saline-alkali soils suffer from problems such as large dosage of soil amendments, high cost, short-term improvement effect, and side effects. Some amendments even carry toxic and harmful elements. In order to enable the sustainable use of saline-alkali soils, this application provides a method for applying a soil amendment, which enables crops to grow and be utilized in saline-alkali soils more effectively.

[0028] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for applying a soil conditioner is provided, the method comprising: after seed sowing, diluting the soil conditioner and spraying it for the first time on the surface of saline-alkali soil; after seedling emergence, diluting the soil conditioner and spraying it for the second time on the surface of saline-alkali soil together with a herbicide; and after the second spraying, after an interval of one week, spraying the surface of saline-alkali soil a third time using the diluted soil conditioner; the soil conditioner comprises a TM solution and a water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid; wherein the TM solution is composed of organic seaweed powder, aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup and organic alfalfa powder.

[0029] The aforementioned TM solution and related water-soluble fertilizers can have a positive impact on the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soils, such as nutrient composition and pH value, thereby making soils treated with the soil conditioner of this application more suitable for crop growth and related applications.

[0030] To obtain a TM solution that further positively impacts the remediation of saline-alkali soils, in a preferred embodiment, the TM solution comprises, by mass fraction, 15-20% organic seaweed powder, 1-3% aloe vera, 1.5-5% soybean lecithin, 1-5% organic starch, 1.5-5% organic syrup, 2-5% organic alfalfa powder, and the balance being water; preferably, by mass fraction, the TM solution comprises 15% organic seaweed powder, 1% aloe vera, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% organic starch, 1.5% organic syrup, 2% organic alfalfa powder, and the balance being water.

[0031] To obtain a water-soluble fertilizer that is more easily absorbed and utilized by saline-alkali soils, in a preferred embodiment, the water-soluble fertilizer further includes, by mass fraction: 60-70% mineral-derived humic acid, 15-20% industrial monoammonium phosphate, and 10-20% potassium sulfate; preferably, by mass fraction, the water-soluble fertilizer further includes: 70% mineral-derived humic acid, 17% industrial monoammonium phosphate, and 13% potassium sulfate. P and K are mineral nutrients that crops absorb in relatively large quantities; therefore, to meet the nutritional needs of crops, it is necessary to supplement appropriate amounts of these mineral elements.

[0032] To further improve the soil's absorption capacity and thus enhance the efficient remediation of saline-alkali land, the ratio of TM solution to water-soluble fertilizer in this application has a positive impact on the remediation effect. In a preferred embodiment, the soil conditioner is diluted by: mixing 10-70 ml of TM solution with 45-60 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and then diluting the soil conditioner with 25-35 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying on 1 acre of saline-alkali land.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, diluting the soil conditioner includes: mixing 65 ml of TM solution and 30 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying on 1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) of saline-alkali soil. Preferably, diluting the soil conditioner includes: mixing 15 ml of TM solution and 30 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying on 1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) of saline-alkali soil. Preferably, diluting the soil conditioner includes: mixing 30 ml of TM solution and 50 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying on 1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) of saline-alkali soil. Preferably, diluting the soil conditioner includes: mixing 50 ml of TM solution and 50 g of water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; and diluting the soil conditioner with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of saline-alkali soil.

[0034] To fully release and utilize the effective substances of each component in the TM solution, in a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the TM solution includes: S1, mixing aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup, and organic alfalfa powder with water, filtering, and obtaining a concentrated solution; S2, enzymatically hydrolyzing organic seaweed to obtain organic seaweed powder; S3, mixing the concentrated solution with the organic seaweed powder to obtain the TM solution. The soil conditioner obtained using the above preparation method can positively influence the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soils, such as nutrient composition and pH value, thereby making soils treated with the soil conditioner of this application more suitable for crop growth and related applications.

[0035] In order to more fully extract the effective substances from the following components, in a preferred embodiment, S1 includes: immersing aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup, and organic alfalfa powder in water at a depth of 3-5 cm at 20-25°C for 5-7 hours; adding water again so that the amount of water is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the total water volume of the TM solution; stirring at a constant temperature for 40-45 days; and filtering to obtain a concentrated solution.

[0036] To more efficiently degrade macromolecules in organic seaweed into smaller molecules easily absorbed and utilized by plants, and to maximize the retention of bioactive components and nutrients in the seaweed, in a preferred embodiment, the enzymes used in S2 for enzymatic hydrolysis include xylanase and alginate lyase; preferably, the amounts of xylanase and alginate lyase are independently 2000-2500 U / g and 2500-3500 U / g, respectively; preferably, the organic seaweed includes *Tetracentron sinense*. In a preferred embodiment, the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 20-30 min; the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 35-45℃.

[0037] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

[0038] Example 1: Preparation of TM Solution

[0039] S1, under constant temperature of 20℃, aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup and organic alfalfa powder are thoroughly mixed with water in a certain proportion, wherein the mixture is submerged in water by 5cm, soaked for 6 hours and then water is added again so that the amount of water is 50% of the total water volume of the TM solution, and the mixture is stirred continuously at constant temperature for 40 days to extract nutrients; after full extraction, the extracted liquid mixture is filtered and stirred through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a concentrated solution;

[0040] S2 utilizes xylanase (2000 U / g) and alginate lyase (2500 U / g) to enzymatically hydrolyze *Alternaria latifolia*. Through a bio-extraction process, the macromolecular substances of seaweed are degraded into small molecules that are easily absorbed and utilized by plants, maximizing the retention of bioactive components and nutrients in seaweed to obtain organic seaweed powder (this method is certified by the USDA Organic Program OMRI and WSDA).

[0041] S3, In the concentrate, add the organic seaweed powder from step 2 according to the weight percentage, then add water and mix thoroughly to achieve the required water content for the final product, finally obtaining the TM solution. The TM solution, by mass fraction, consists of 15% organic seaweed powder, 1% aloe vera, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% organic starch, 1.5% organic syrup, 2% organic alfalfa powder, and the balance being water.

[0042] Example 2: Application of soil conditioner to soil

[0043] The experimental site was located in Wanghaotun Town, Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong Province. The soil pH ranged from 8.5 to 9.5, classifying it as moderately saline-alkali land. The substances used to treat the soil included a control and six soil conditioners (1-6). The TM component of the soil conditioners was prepared as described in Example 1. Each treatment was repeated three times in a randomized block design with a plot size of 18 m².

[0044] The specific application method for soil conditioners is as follows:

[0045] After sowing, the first application is a single application. Prepare a soil conditioner according to the treatment formula per acre, dilute it with 30 kg of water, and spray it evenly on the ground. After emergence, apply it once in combination with a herbicide. Prepare a soil conditioner according to the treatment formula per acre, dilute it with 30 kg of water, and spray it evenly on the ground. One week later, apply it a third time, using it alone. Prepare a soil conditioner according to the treatment formula per acre, dilute it with 30 kg of water, and spray it evenly on the ground.

[0046] The composition ratio of soil conditioner 1-6 per acre is as follows:

[0047] Soil conditioner 1: Dosage per acre: 65ml TM + 30g water-soluble fertilizer.

[0048] Soil conditioner 2: Dosage per acre: 15ml TM + 30g water-soluble fertilizer.

[0049] Soil conditioner 3: Dosage per acre: 30ml TM + 50g water-soluble fertilizer.

[0050] Soil conditioner 4: Dosage per acre: 50ml TM + 50g water-soluble fertilizer.

[0051] Soil conditioner 5: Dosage per acre: 30ml TM + 20g water-soluble fertilizer.

[0052] Soil conditioner 6: Dosage per acre: 70ml TM + 50g water-soluble fertilizer.

[0053] The water-soluble fertilizer consists of 70% mineral-derived humic acid, 17% industrial monoammonium phosphate and 13% potassium sulfate, resulting in a soil conditioner containing ≥10% humic acid and ≥20% P2O5+K2O.

[0054] This application involved sowing maize seeds on June 22nd and continuously monitoring maize plant growth data during the growing process. Plant height was surveyed on July 10th, July 25th, August 10th, August 25th, September 10th, and September 25th. After harvest, the root dry weight of individual maize plants in each treatment was weighed and statistically analyzed.

[0055] A survey of the physicochemical properties of soil layers in moderately saline-alkali land was conducted. Salinity and pH were measured in soil profiles at depths of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, and 80-100cm before soil amendment treatment and after corn harvest. Nutrient composition of the moderately saline-alkali land was also analyzed. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0-20cm soil layer were measured before soil amendment treatment and after corn harvest.

[0056] 1. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on maize plant height in moderately saline-alkali land

[0057] Table 1 shows the changes in maize plant height under different treatments on July 10th, July 25th, August 10th, August 25th, September 10th, and September 25th in moderately saline-alkali land. Overall, maize plant height increased over time under all treatments. Taking the plant height data after harvest on September 25th as an example, the average plant height was highest under soil conditioner 3, reaching 182.28 cm, an increase of 8.55% compared to the control average of 167.92 cm, reaching a significant level. Following this were soil conditioners 4, 2, 1, 6, and 5, with plant heights of 180.06 cm, 179.41 cm, 177.1 cm, 171.22 cm, and 168.50 cm respectively, all higher than the control. CK: Control, without any additional soil conditioner.

[0058] Table 1. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on maize plant height

[0059]

[0060] Lowercase letters indicate a significance level of α = 0.05; uppercase letters indicate a significance level of α = 0.01.

[0061] It can be seen that the corn plant height of all soil amendment treatments was better than that of the control. The statistical significance analysis showed that soil amendment 2, soil amendment 3 and soil amendment 4 all showed significant growth compared with the control. Among them, soil amendment 3 had the largest average plant height. It can be seen that soil amendments can significantly promote the growth of corn planted in moderately saline-alkali land.

[0062] 2. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on the root dry weight of maize

[0063] Figure 1The effect of soil conditioners on the dry weight of maize roots after harvest is shown, with the vertical axis representing the dry weight of maize roots. It can be seen that the root dry weight was highest in the soil conditioner 3 treatment (2.69 kg), followed by the soil conditioner 4 treatment (2.60 kg), the soil conditioner 2 treatment (2.54 kg), and the soil conditioner 1 treatment (2.29 kg), while the control had the lowest root dry weight (2.33 kg). The dry weight data of maize roots showed a similar pattern to that of plant height; that is, the root growth was most vigorous and the dry matter content was highest under the soil conditioner 3 treatment, significantly higher than that of the control. The soil conditioners 4 and 2 treatments also significantly promoted maize root growth, increasing weight by 11.58% and 9.01% respectively compared to the control, while the soil conditioners 5 and 6 only increased weight by 3.00% and 5.15% respectively compared to the control, failing to reach a significant level.

[0064] 3. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on salinity in different soil layers of moderately saline-alkali land

[0065] Table 2 lists the changes in soil salinity in soil profiles at depths of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, and 80-100cm before and after maize harvest, under different soil amendment treatments.

[0066] Since the shallow soil layer of 0-20cm is the concentrated area of ​​plant root distribution, this soil layer is also called the topsoil. Its physical and chemical properties have a direct impact on crop growth, so it is also the soil layer that receives the most attention.

[0067] Based on the average salinity of the soil profile, all soil layers measured showed an increase in salinity compared to the control group that was not treated with soil conditioner. The increase in salinity in the deeper soil layer of 40-100 cm was particularly significant.

[0068] After treatment with soil conditioner 1, the salinity level in the 0-20cm topsoil layer decreased slightly, although not significantly. However, the salinity level in the 20-100cm soil layers still increased significantly. After treatment with soil conditioner 2, only the salinity level in the 0-20cm soil layer decreased significantly. The average salinity in the 20-100cm range still increased, but a highly significant increase in salinity was only observed in the deeper 80-100cm soil layer.

[0069] After treatment with soil conditioner 3, soil salinity in the 0-20cm depth significantly decreased. Data showed that the salinity content in the 20-100cm depth remained stable without significant changes. After treatment with soil conditioner 4, soil salinity decreased significantly in the 20-40cm depth, but a significant increase in salinity was observed in the deeper 60-100cm depth. After treatment with soil conditioner 5, the salinity in the 0-60cm depth did not change significantly before and after treatment, but the salinity content in the 60-80cm and 80-100cm depths showed significant and highly significant increases, respectively. After treatment with soil conditioner 6, soil salinity slightly decreased in the 0-40cm depth, increased slightly in the 40-60cm depth (but not significantly), and only showed a significant increase in salinity in the 60-100cm depth.

[0070] It can be seen that soil conditioner treatment 3 has the best effect on alleviating and inhibiting the increase of salinity in moderately saline-alkali soils, especially the salinity of the topsoil is significantly reduced, while no large salinity fluctuations are observed in the deep soil. In contrast, the deep soils of other treatments all showed varying degrees of salt accumulation.

[0071] Table 2. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on salinity in different soil layers.

[0072]

[0073] This indicates a significant difference at the 0.05 level. This indicates a significant difference at the 0.01 level, also known as a highly significant difference.

[0074] Figure 2 The study shows the changes in salinity in moderately saline-alkali land before planting and after corn harvest without any soil amendment. In the absence of any amendment, the salinity of all soil layers increased after corn planting, especially in the deeper soil layers below 20 cm, where the highest concentration was observed in the 80-100 cm layer, reaching 1.40 dS / m. This indicates that the soil salinity in moderately saline-alkali land will continue to deteriorate without soil amendment treatment.

[0075] Figure 3 The changes in salinity in different soil layers after applying soil conditioner 1 are shown. The salinity of the topsoil within 20 cm decreased from 0.97 dS / m to 0.92 dS / m, but the salinity of the soil layer from 20 to 100 cm still showed a significant increase, with the highest salinity reaching 1.58 dS / m.

[0076] Figure 4The table shows the changes in salinity in different soil layers after applying soil conditioner 2. The salinity in the topsoil layer (within 20 cm) decreased significantly from 1.27 dS / m to 0.87 dS / m. With increasing soil depth, the salinity in the 20-80 cm layer stabilized and leveled out, but at a depth of 80-100 cm, the salinity still increased significantly, reaching 1.30 dS / m.

[0077] Figure 5 The study investigated the salinity changes in different soil layers after applying soil conditioner 3. Salinity decreased in all soil layers below 40 cm. The salinity in the 0-20 cm layer decreased significantly from 1.39 dS / m to 0.97 dS / m, while the salinity in the 20-40 cm layer only decreased from 1.22 dS / m to 1.15 dS / m, which was not significant. Analysis of salinity differences in other soil layers (40-100 cm) showed no significant changes, indicating a gradual change in salinity.

[0078] Figure 6 The study shows the changes in salinity in different soil layers after applying soil conditioner 4. Salinity decreased in all soil layers below 60cm, but only the 20-40cm layer showed a significant decrease. However, salinity in the deeper soil layers (60-100cm) increased significantly again, with the salinity in the 60-80cm layer increasing from 0.92 dS / m to 1.31 dS / m, and the salinity in the 80-100cm layer increasing from 1.04 dS / m to 1.49 dS / m.

[0079] Figure 7 The table shows the changes in salinity in different soil layers after applying soil conditioner 5. The salinity of the topsoil layer remained almost unchanged, while the salinity of the 20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layers increased to 0.98 dS / m and 0.94 dS / m, respectively. The salinity of the deeper 60-80cm soil layer showed a significant increase, reaching 1.16 dS / m, and the salinity of the 80-100cm layer showed a highly significant increase, reaching 1.33 dS / m.

[0080] Figure 8 The table shows the changes in salinity in different soil layers after applying soil conditioner 6. In the 0-60cm soil layer near the surface, the change trend before and after application was not significant. However, the salinity at a depth of 60-80cm increased significantly from 0.75 dS / m to 1.03 dS / m, and the salinity in the 80-100cm soil layer also increased significantly from 0.82 dS / m to 1.28 dS / m.

[0081] Statistical analysis shows that, comprehensively evaluating the salt reduction effects of each treatment in this experiment, soil conditioner treatment can effectively improve the salinity of all soil layers in moderately saline-alkali land, enhance the soil's self-repair capacity, alleviate salinization of the topsoil caused by transpiration and crop planting, and reduce salt accumulation in deeper soil layers. In particular, after treatment with soil conditioner 3, the salinity of the topsoil significantly decreased, while no increase in salinity occurred in the deeper soil layers.

[0082] 4. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on pH of different soil layers in moderately saline-alkali land

[0083] Table 3 shows the pH changes in soil profiles under different treatments before and after corn harvest. Since the topsoil layer (0-20 cm) is the concentrated distribution area of ​​plant roots, its pH is most significantly affected by planting practices and is therefore closely related to plant growth.

[0084] After corn planting, the pH of the topsoil decreased in all cases, with the control group showing a significant decrease from 9.35 to 8.74. Treatments with soil conditioners 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 resulted in significant decreases in topsoil pH from 9.13, 9.17, 9.30, 9.30, and 9.38 to 8.56, 8.75, 8.69, 8.83, and 8.68, respectively. Soil conditioner 3, in particular, showed a highly significant reduction in pH from 9.48 to 8.67.

[0085] Table 3. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on pH in different soil layers

[0086]

[0087] This indicates a significant difference at the 0.05 level. This indicates a significant difference at the 0.01 level, also known as a highly significant difference.

[0088] Data on pH changes in different soil layers showed that soil conditioner application could reduce soil pH by 0.12-0.81 units. Before and after corn harvest, the pH of the topsoil decreased in all treatments. Soil conditioners 1, 5, and 6 only significantly reduced the pH of the topsoil, with minimal effect on deeper soil layers; soil conditioners 2 and 4 significantly reduced soil pH; and soil conditioner 3 achieved a highly significant reduction. This indicates that soil conditioner treatments significantly reduced the pH of the topsoil in moderately saline-alkali soils, especially soil conditioner 3, which had a significant effect on reducing the pH of the topsoil in moderately saline-alkali soils.

[0089] 5. Effects of soil conditioner treatment on soil nutrients in moderately saline-alkali land

[0090] The data in Table 4 show the changes in organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0-20cm topsoil layer of moderately saline-alkali land after different soil amendment treatments.

[0091] Data analysis shows that soil conditioners have a significant impact on the organic matter content of the topsoil. In the control group, the soil organic matter content decreased by 2.42% after corn planting. However, in all treatments with soil conditioners, except for soil conditioner 5, the topsoil organic matter content increased. Soil conditioners 1 and 2 increased by 2.24% and 3.74%, respectively, while soil conditioners 3 and 4 showed even greater increases, at 13.05% and 16.99%, respectively, all reaching significant levels. This indicates that when soil conditioners reach a certain concentration, they can help restore and increase the topsoil organic matter content in moderately saline-alkali soils.

[0092] The trend of soil available nitrogen (BND) changed in the opposite direction to that of organic matter, meaning that BND decreased in the topsoil after all soil amendment treatments. The control treatment showed a 14.68% decrease in BND content, while the decreases for soil amendments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 7.77%, 27.49%, 26.27%, 30.79%, 8.17%, and 10.51%, respectively. Significance analysis showed that the changes in BND content after treatments with soil amendments 1 and 5 were not significant, but those with soil amendments 2, 3, and 4 reached highly significant levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of certain concentrations of soil amendments significantly affected the available nitrogen supply capacity in the topsoil of moderately saline-alkali land.

[0093] The trend of available phosphorus in the topsoil before and after corn harvest was similar to that of available nitrogen, both showing a decrease, although the degree of decrease was not as significant as that of available nitrogen. The most significant decrease was observed in the control treatment, where available phosphorus decreased from 56.33 mg / kg to 44.02 mg / kg, a decrease of 21.85%, reaching a highly significant level. Treatment with soil conditioner 5 also showed a significant decrease in soil organic phosphorus content from 47.22 mg / kg to 40.88 mg / kg. While other treatments with applied conditioners showed a decrease in available phosphorus content, the changes were not significant. This phenomenon may be because, under these treatments, corn absorbed more phosphorus from the soil than it absorbed, and the insufficient phosphorus absorption was mainly due to a lack of available phosphorus in the soil. Therefore, the application of soil conditioners is beneficial for the release of available phosphorus in the soil, significantly increasing the content of available phosphorus in the topsoil that can be utilized by plant roots, and has a certain effect on activating phosphorus in moderately saline-alkali soils.

[0094] Available potassium also exhibited a similar pattern to alkaline nitrogen, showing a decreasing trend in some treatments before and after maize harvest, particularly the control (CK), soil conditioner 1, and soil conditioner 3, all of which showed highly significant decreases. Specifically, the available potassium in the control treatment decreased from 179.60 mg / kg to 152.45 mg / kg, soil conditioner 1 from 182.14 mg / kg to 150.77 mg / kg, and soil conditioner 3 from 169.91 mg / kg to 136.40 mg / kg, representing the largest decrease of 19.72%. Soil conditioner 2 significantly reduced the available potassium content in the soil from 147.23 mg / kg to 133.64 mg / kg. Statistical analysis showed that, apart from these four treatments, the decrease in available potassium content in the other treatments did not reach a significant difference.

[0095] It is worth noting that the changes in nutrients in the topsoil of moderately saline-alkali land are also related to the nutritional requirements of maize. Maize needs to absorb various mineral nutrients from the soil for growth, with nitrogen being the most abundant, followed by potassium, and then phosphorus. This absorption characteristic may result in a significant decrease in nitrogen and potassium in the topsoil due to the plant's higher demand for nitrogen and potassium from the soil, while the demand for phosphorus is slightly lower, so the decrease in phosphorus is not very significant. Analysis of the nutrient composition changes in each treatment verified this point. Several treatments showed significant decreases in available nitrogen and organic potassium, while available phosphorus only showed a significant decrease in the control treatment; other treatments did not show significant changes.

[0096] Table 4. Effects of soil amendment treatment on soil nutrient composition

[0097]

[0098] This indicates a significant difference at the 0.05 level. This indicates a significant difference at the 0.01 level, also known as a highly significant difference.

[0099] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: the soil conditioner containing the relevant components of this application can greatly improve the nutrient environment of saline-alkali soil, especially effectively inhibiting the increase of salinity in the topsoil of saline-alkali soil, while also improving the pH value of saline-alkali soil, increasing the organic matter content in the improved soil, and decreasing the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, indicating better absorption of nutrients. This results in better growth on saline-alkali soil treated with the soil conditioner of this application, providing a possibility for the sustainable use of saline-alkali soil.

[0100] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for applying a soil conditioner, characterized in that, The application method includes: After sowing the seeds, the soil conditioner is diluted and sprayed onto the surface of the saline-alkali soil for the first time. After the seedlings emerge, the soil conditioner is diluted and sprayed a second time on the surface of the saline-alkali soil together with the herbicide. One week after the second spraying, a third spraying is carried out on the surface of the saline-alkali soil using the diluted soil conditioner. The soil conditioner includes TM solution and water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid; The TM solution is composed of organic seaweed powder, aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup, and organic alfalfa powder. The process of diluting the soil conditioner includes: Mix 15-65 ml of the TM solution with 30-50 g of the water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; The soil conditioner is diluted with 25-35 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of the saline-alkali soil. The TM solution, by mass fraction, consists of 15-20% organic seaweed powder, 1-3% aloe vera, 1.5-5% soybean lecithin, 1-5% organic starch, 1.5-5% organic syrup, 2-5% organic alfalfa powder, and the balance being water.

2. The application method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The TM solution, by mass fraction, consists of 15% organic seaweed powder, 1% aloe vera, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 1% organic starch, 1.5% organic syrup, 2% organic alfalfa powder, and the balance being water.

3. The application method according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass fraction, the water-soluble fertilizer also includes: 60-70% mineral-derived humic acid, 15-20% industrial monoammonium phosphate and 10-20% potassium sulfate.

4. The application method according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass fraction, the water-soluble fertilizer also includes: 70% mineral-derived humic acid, 17% industrial monoammonium phosphate and 13% potassium sulfate.

5. The application method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The process of diluting the soil conditioner includes: Mix 65 ml of the TM solution and 30 g of the water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; The soil conditioner was diluted with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of the saline-alkali soil.

6. The application method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The process of diluting the soil conditioner includes: Mix 15 ml of the TM solution and 30 g of the water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; The soil conditioner was diluted with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of the saline-alkali soil.

7. The application method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The process of diluting the soil conditioner includes: Mix 30 ml of the TM solution and 50 g of the water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; The soil conditioner was diluted with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of the saline-alkali soil.

8. The application method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The process of diluting the soil conditioner includes: Mix 50 ml of the TM solution and 50 g of the water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the soil conditioner; The soil conditioner was diluted with 30 kg of water to obtain a soil conditioner for spraying 1 acre of the saline-alkali soil.

9. The application method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method for preparing the TM solution includes: S1, mix aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup and organic alfalfa powder with water, filter to obtain a concentrated solution; S2, organic seaweed is enzymatically hydrolyzed to obtain organic seaweed powder; S3, the concentrated liquid is mixed with the organic seaweed powder to obtain the TM solution.

10. The application method according to claim 9, characterized in that, S1 includes: At 20-25℃, the aloe vera, soybean lecithin, organic starch, organic syrup and organic alfalfa powder are submerged in water to a depth of 3-5cm and soaked for 5-7 hours. Add water again, so that the amount of water used is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total amount of water used in the TM solution. Stir at a constant temperature for 40 to 45 days, then filter to obtain the concentrated solution.

11. The application method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The enzymes used in the enzymatic hydrolysis in S2 include xylanase and alginate lyase.

12. The application method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The organic seaweed includes *Bombyx mori*.

13. The application method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The amounts of xylanase and alginate lyase used are independently 2000-2500 U / g and 2500-3500 U / g, respectively.

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