Energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor rod and tunnel supporting construction method

Abstract

The application provides a releasing energy hollow grouting anchor rod and a tunnel supporting construction method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel supporting. The releasing energy hollow grouting anchor rod comprises a free section, an anchoring section, a grouting opening and closing mechanism and a releasing energy section. One end of the releasing energy section is connected with the free section, the other end of the releasing energy section is connected with the anchoring section, the grouting opening and closing mechanism is connected between the releasing energy section and the anchoring section, the inside of the free section, the releasing energy section, the grouting opening and closing mechanism and the anchoring section are communicated, and the grouting opening and closing mechanism is used for pushing open from one end close to the releasing energy section and automatically closing after the pushing force is removed. The grouting opening and closing mechanism can prevent the slurry in the anchoring section from entering the releasing energy section, and avoid the problem that the members in the releasing energy section are bonded to cause poor yield deformation effect of the anchor rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support technology, and more specifically, to an energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor and a tunnel support construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the vigorous development of tunnel transportation construction and continuous innovation in construction technology in my country, the depth of tunnel excavation is constantly increasing, the geological environment is becoming more complex, and rockburst disasters caused by excavation are becoming more frequent. Rockburst is a dynamic instability geological disaster caused by the sudden release of elastic strain energy within hard surrounding rock under high ground stress during tunnel excavation, resulting in large-scale rock collapse, loosening, and ejection. Rockburst has a significant impact on tunnel construction. Domestically and internationally, to reduce and eliminate the safety hazards caused by rockburst, prevention and control measures mainly rely on the strength of the support system itself. Rockburst support systems often use extendable anchor bolts to provide a certain degree of deformation to withstand the forced deformation caused by rockburst.

[0003] There are two main methods for anchoring anchors: end anchoring and full-length anchoring. Currently, end anchoring is usually achieved by bonding. However, during grouting, this can easily cause the components inside the energy release section to bond together, resulting in poor stress relief and deformation of the anchor bolt, as well as incomplete anchoring of the anchoring section. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to address, to some extent, the problem of how related technologies can improve the effectiveness of anchor bolt support.

[0005] To at least partially address the aforementioned problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor bolt, comprising: a free section, an anchoring section, a grouting opening and closing mechanism, and an energy-releasing section. One end of the energy-releasing section is connected to the free section, and the other end of the energy-releasing section is connected to the anchoring section. The grouting opening and closing mechanism is connected between the energy-releasing section and the anchoring section. The free section, the energy-releasing section, the grouting opening and closing mechanism, and the anchoring section are internally connected. The grouting opening and closing mechanism is pushed open from one end near the energy-releasing section and automatically closes after the pushing force is released.

[0006] Optionally, the free segment includes a first rod section and a first sleeve, wherein the first rod section is a hollow structure and is threadedly connected to the inside of the first sleeve.

[0007] Optionally, the anchoring section includes a second rod section and a second sleeve, wherein the second rod section is a hollow structure and is threadedly connected to the inside of the second sleeve.

[0008] Optionally, the energy-releasing section includes a column and an energy-releasing element, the column having a cavity, and the energy-releasing element being disposed in the cavity.

[0009] Optionally, the energy-releasing element includes a π-shaped steel plate and a second spring. The two ends of the π-shaped steel plate are connected to the inner wall of the cavity. The outer sides of the two side plates of the π-shaped steel plate are provided with protruding pillars, and the second spring is fitted on the protruding pillars.

[0010] Optionally, the grouting opening and closing mechanism includes a third sleeve, fan-shaped steel plates, and mounting components. The two ends of the third sleeve are respectively provided with a first inner cylinder and a second inner cylinder. The second inner cylinder is used to be threadedly connected to the second section of the rod. A plurality of fan-shaped steel plates are arranged in a ring to cover the first inner cylinder. Each fan-shaped steel plate is connected to the third sleeve through the mounting components. When subjected to force, each fan-shaped steel plate deflects toward the second inner cylinder to open, and automatically closes onto the first inner cylinder after the force is released.

[0011] Optionally, the energy release section further includes threaded posts, two of which are connected to the two ends of the column body. The threaded posts are hollow structures. One of the threaded posts is used to be threadedly connected to the first inner cylinder, and the other threaded post is used to be threadedly connected to the first rod section or the first sleeve. The two ends of the column body are also provided with through holes, which communicate the interior of the threaded post with the cavity.

[0012] Optionally, the mounting component includes a rotating rod, a positioning rod, and a first spring. One end of the rotating rod is connected to the sector-shaped steel sheet, and the other end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the positioning rod. The positioning rod is connected to the inner wall of the third sleeve. The two ends of the first spring abut against the rotating rod and the positioning rod, respectively. When the sector-shaped steel sheet is opened, the first spring is in a compressed state.

[0013] Optionally, the outer peripheral surface of the second rod section and the outer peripheral surface of the second sleeve are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole. After the second rod section is threaded into the interior of the second sleeve, the first through hole and the second through hole are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes a fixing mechanism, which includes a nut, a steel washer, and a tray. The nut is threaded to the end of the first section of the rod that extends out of the first sleeve, and the steel washer and the tray are sleeved between the corresponding end faces of the nut and the first sleeve.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] A hollow anchor rod is formed by connecting a free section, an energy-releasing section, a grouting opening and closing mechanism, and an anchoring section. After the anchor rod is placed into the anchor hole in the rock mass, the grouting opening and closing mechanism divides the anchor hole into a shallow hole section containing the free section and the energy-releasing section, and a deep hole section containing the anchoring section. As the end of the grouting pipe enters the anchor rod from one end of the free section until it reaches the interior of the anchoring section, it can push the grouting opening and closing mechanism to open. Then, grout is injected through the grouting pipe to fill the gap between the anchoring section and the deep hole section. The grout is blocked by the grouting opening and closing mechanism and does not easily enter the shallow hole section, which can avoid the situation of incomplete anchoring of the anchoring section and give the anchor rod strong anchoring ability even in geologically poor areas. When the end of the grouting pipe exits the interior of the anchoring section and disengages from the grouting opening and closing mechanism, the grouting opening and closing mechanism loses its force and closes automatically. The grout inside the anchoring section is blocked by the grouting opening and closing mechanism and does not enter the energy-releasing section, which avoids the problem of poor anchor rod pressure deformation caused by the bonding of components inside the energy-releasing section.

[0017] In summary, the anchor bolt of this embodiment is less likely to cause the components inside the energy release section to stick during grouting, which can improve the anchor bolt's ability to withstand pressure deformation. At the same time, the anchoring section is fully anchored and has strong anchoring capacity. Therefore, the anchor bolt has a better support effect.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides a tunnel support construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: Excavate the cavern along the excavation direction and clean the rock surface of the cavern;

[0020] S2: Spray the first layer of concrete onto the rock surface of the cavern;

[0021] S3: Drill anchor holes radially into the first concrete layer of the cavity;

[0022] S4: Insert multiple energy-releasing hollow grouting anchors as described above into the rock mass along the corresponding anchor holes;

[0023] S5: A steel mesh is installed on the first concrete layer, and then a second concrete layer is sprayed on the arranged steel mesh and the energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor.

[0024] S6: Repeat steps S1 to S5 to complete the tunnel excavation.

[0025] Optionally, in step S4, after the energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole, grout is injected into the anchoring section through the grouting pipe, and the grouting pipe is pulled out after the grouting of the anchoring section is completed. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is an exploded view diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is an external schematic diagram of the energy-releasing section in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy-releasing section in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-releasing element in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the state of the grouting opening and closing mechanism when it is closed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the state of the grouting opening and closing mechanism when it is open in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the grouting opening and closing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the state of the sector-shaped steel sheet when it is closed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the state of the sector-shaped steel sheet when it is opened in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a construction drawing of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 1. Free section; 11. First rod section; 12. First sleeve; 2. Anchoring section; 21. Second rod section; 22. Second sleeve; 3. Grouting opening and closing mechanism; 31. Third sleeve; 311. First inner cylinder; 312. Second inner cylinder; 32. Fan-shaped steel plate; 33. Installation component; 331. Rotating rod; 332. Positioning rod; 333. First spring; 4. Energy release section; 41. Column; 411. Cavity; 412. Perforation; 42. Energy release component; 421. π-shaped steel plate; 4211. Protruding column; 422. Second spring; 43. Threaded column; 5. Fixing mechanism; 51. Nut; 52. Steel washer; 53. Tray; 100. Cavern; 200. Rock mass; 300. First concrete layer; 400. Reinforcing mesh; 500. Second concrete layer; 600. Grouting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "embodiment," "one embodiment," "some implementations," "exemplary," and "one implementation," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or implementation is included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or implementations.

[0042] The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor (hereinafter referred to as the anchor), comprising: a free section 1, an anchoring section 2, a grouting opening and closing mechanism 3, and an energy-releasing section 4. One end of the energy-releasing section 4 is connected to the free section 1, and the other end of the energy-releasing section 4 is connected to the anchoring section 2. The grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 is connected between the energy-releasing section 4 and the anchoring section 2. The free section 1, the energy-releasing section 4, the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 and the anchoring section 2 are internally connected. The grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 is pushed open from one end near the energy-releasing section 4 and automatically closes after the pushing force is released.

[0044] In this embodiment, a hollow anchor rod is formed by connecting the free section 1, the energy-releasing section 4, the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3, and the anchoring section 2. After the anchor rod is placed into the anchor hole in the rock mass 200, the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 divides the anchor hole into a shallow hole section where the free section 1 and the energy-releasing section 4 are located, and a deep hole section where the anchoring section 2 is located. During the process of the grouting pipe 600 entering the anchor rod from one end of the free section 1 until it reaches the inside of the anchoring section 2, the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 can be pushed open. Then, grout is injected through the grouting pipe 600 to seal the anchoring section 2 and the deep hole section. The gap filling mechanism prevents the grout from entering the shallow hole section due to the blocking effect of the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3. This avoids incomplete anchoring of the anchoring section 2 and ensures strong anchoring capability even in geologically challenging areas. When the end of the grouting pipe 600 exits the anchoring section 2 and disengages from the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3, the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 is automatically closed due to the loss of force. The grout inside the anchoring section 2 is blocked by the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 and will not enter the energy release section 4. This avoids the problem of poor anchor deformation caused by the bonding of components inside the energy release section 4.

[0045] In summary, the anchor bolt of this embodiment is less likely to cause the components inside the energy release section 4 to be stuck during grouting, which can improve the anchor bolt's ability to withstand pressure deformation. At the same time, the anchoring section 2 is fully anchored and has strong anchoring capacity. Therefore, the anchor bolt has a better support effect.

[0046] It should be noted that an anchor bolt typically consists of a free section 1, an energy-releasing section 4, and an anchoring section 2. The free section 1 refers to the unfixed portion of the anchor bolt within the rock mass 200; its function is to support the rock mass 200, transfer loads, and buffer deformation. The energy-releasing section 4 (also known as the elongation section) is a specially designed section of the anchor bolt that can release energy or elongate as needed to accommodate deformation and displacement of the rock mass 200. The energy-releasing section 4 is generally located between the free section 1 and the anchoring section 2; its function is to ensure the stability of the anchor bolt during deformation of the rock mass 200 and to effectively transfer loads. The anchoring section 2 refers to the fixed portion of the anchor bolt within the rock mass 200; its function is to fix the anchor bolt, bear loads, and enhance the strength of the rock mass 200.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the free segment 1 includes a first rod 11 and a first sleeve 12. The first rod 11 is a hollow structure and is threaded to the inside of the first sleeve 12.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the anchoring section 2 includes a second rod 21 and a second sleeve 22. The second rod 21 has a hollow structure and is threadedly connected to the inside of the second sleeve 22.

[0049] Specifically, the outer circumferential surfaces of the first rod 11 and the second rod 21 are formed with external threads, and the interiors of the first sleeve 12 and the second sleeve 22 are formed with internal threads.

[0050] In this embodiment, a first sleeve 12 and a second sleeve 22 are threaded onto the exterior of the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21, respectively. This provides good fastening and reliability, ensuring a firm connection and the ability to withstand significant tensile and impact forces. The first sleeve 12 and the second sleeve 22 provide external protection for the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21, preventing direct damage from geological disasters such as rock bursts and rockfalls. The first sleeve 12 and the second sleeve 22 can withstand and disperse the impact and compressive forces from the rock strata, protecting the integrity and stability of the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21. The first sleeve 12 and the second sleeve 22 can absorb and mitigate the transmission of vibrations and impacts from earthquakes, rock bursts, etc., reducing the impact and vibration on the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21, and enhancing their seismic resistance. The first sleeve 12 and the second sleeve 22 can increase the stiffness and strength of the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21, improve their load-bearing capacity and tensile strength, and increase their support force and stability in the rock. The presence of the first sleeve 12 and the second sleeve 22 can evenly distribute the load on the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21 to the surrounding rock mass 200, reducing stress concentration between the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21 and the rock mass 200, and lowering the risk of stress concentration and failure of the first rod section 11 and the second rod section 21.

[0051] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, optionally, the energy-releasing section 4 includes a column 41 and an energy-releasing element 42. The column 41 is provided with a cavity 411, and the energy-releasing element 42 is disposed in the cavity 411. The energy-releasing element 42 includes a π-shaped steel plate 421 and a second spring 422. The two ends of the π-shaped steel plate 421 are connected to the inner wall of the cavity 411. The outer sides of the two side plates of the π-shaped steel plate 421 are provided with protruding column portions 4211, and the second spring 422 is fitted on the protruding column portions 4211.

[0052] Specifically, the π-shaped steel plate 421 includes a horizontal portion and two opposing vertical plates (side plates). The ends of the two vertical plates are bent to form the two ends of the π-shaped steel plate 421, i.e., the two feet of the π-shaped steel plate 421. The cross-section of the cavity 411 can be circular or polygonal. For example, the cross-section of the cavity 411 can be a regular quadrilateral, so the cavity 411 as a whole is a cube. At least one energy-releasing segment 4 can be installed on each face of the cube. The two feet of the π-shaped steel plate 421 in each energy-releasing segment 4 are fixed to the inner surface of the cube cavity 411 and are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the cavity 411. The axial direction of the cavity 411 is from the end connected to the free segment 1 to the end connected to the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3. The two side plates of the π-shaped steel plate 421 protrude outward to form protruding pillars 4211. The protruding pillars 4211 and the second spring 422 fitted on them both extend along the axial direction of the cavity 411.

[0053] In this embodiment, the π-shaped steel plate 421, due to its easy deformation and non-destructive properties, is suitable as an energy-absorbing and energy-releasing material under rockburst geological conditions. After the rockburst releases energy, the π-shaped steel plate 421 resists the energy released by the rockburst by deforming itself. Since the middle part of the π-shaped steel plate 421 does not contact the inner surface of the corresponding cavity 411, the π-shaped steel plate 421 can be deformed and elongated. The second spring 422 is used to absorb the excess deformation energy of the π-shaped steel plate 421 to ensure that the energy-releasing section 4 is not destroyed.

[0054] It should be noted that during a rockburst, the second spring 422 absorbs and buffers the impact force of the rockburst through compression deformation. When a rockburst occurs, the surrounding rock or soil will be subjected to a huge impact force. This impact force will be transmitted to the second spring 422 in the energy release section 4 through the anchor bolt, causing it to compress and deform. The elastic properties of the spring allow it to store some of the impact energy and release the energy through elastic recovery. Therefore, during a rockburst, the second spring 422 will be compressed rather than squeezed. This compression deformation is a natural reaction of the second spring 422 to absorb and buffer the impact force, protecting the stability and safety of the anchor bolt.

[0055] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, optionally, the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 includes a third sleeve 31, fan-shaped steel plates 32 and mounting components 33. The two ends of the third sleeve 31 are respectively provided with a first inner cylinder 311 and a second inner cylinder 312. The second inner cylinder 312 is used to be threadedly connected to the second section rod 21. Multiple fan-shaped steel plates 32 are arranged in a ring to cover the first inner cylinder 311. Each fan-shaped steel plate 32 is connected to the third sleeve 31 through the mounting components 33. When subjected to force, each fan-shaped steel plate 32 deflects toward the second inner cylinder 312 to open, and automatically closes onto the first inner cylinder 311 after the force is released.

[0056] Specifically, the first inner cylinder portion 311 and the second inner cylinder portion 312 are formed by turning inward from both ends of the third sleeve 31 towards the center of the third sleeve 31, and a gap is reserved between the end faces of the first inner cylinder portion 311 and the second inner cylinder portion 312, thereby reserving the movement space when the fan-shaped steel sheet 32 ​​is pushed open.

[0057] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, when the end of the grouting pipe 600 passes through the first inner cylinder 311, it will push against the position where multiple fan-shaped steel plates 32 cover the opening of the first inner cylinder 311, thereby simultaneously pushing open the multiple fan-shaped steel plates 32, so that the end of the grouting pipe 600 enters the second section of the rod 21 through the second inner cylinder 312, realizing the grouting construction of the anchoring section 2. When the end of the grouting pipe 600 is completely pulled out of the second section of the rod 21, the multiple fan-shaped steel plates 32 automatically cover the first inner cylinder 311, thereby preventing the anchoring grout from entering the energy release section 4 from the first inner cylinder 311.

[0058] like Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, optionally, the energy release section 4 also includes threaded posts 43. Two threaded posts 43 are connected to the two ends of the column body 41. The threaded posts 43 are hollow structures. One threaded post 43 is used to be threadedly connected to the first inner cylinder 311, and the other threaded post 43 is used to be threadedly connected to the first rod 11 or the first sleeve 12. The two ends of the column body 41 are also provided with through holes 412, which connect the interior of the threaded post 43 to the cavity 411.

[0059] Specifically, the threaded post 43 is a hollow structure that can be welded to the corresponding end face of the post 41. The through hole 412 on the post 41 connects the interior of the threaded post 43 to the cavity 411. The inner circumferential surface of the first inner cylinder 311 is formed with internal threads. One of the threaded posts 43 is threadedly connected to the internal threads of the first inner cylinder 311. The corresponding end of the first rod 11 is formed with internal threads, and the other threaded post 43 is threadedly connected to the internal threads of the corresponding end of the first rod 11.

[0060] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the threaded column 43 has a hollow structure, which allows the grouting pipe 600 to pass through the threaded column 43 on the left, the perforation 412 on the left, the cavity 411, the perforation 412 on the right, and the threaded column 43 on the right in sequence. This facilitates the grouting operation of the anchoring section 2 and also facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the energy release section 4, the free section 1, and the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3, thus improving the convenience of construction.

[0061] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, optionally, the mounting component 33 includes a rotating rod 331, a positioning rod 332, and a first spring 333. One end of the rotating rod 331 is connected to the sector-shaped steel plate 32, and the other end of the rotating rod 331 is rotatably connected to the positioning rod 332. The positioning rod 332 is connected to the inner wall of the third sleeve 31. The two ends of the first spring 333 abut against the rotating rod 331 and the positioning rod 332 respectively. When the sector-shaped steel plate 32 is opened, the first spring 333 is in a compressed state.

[0062] Specifically, the positioning rod 332 can be a straight rod, and the rotating rod 331 can be an L-shaped rod. The positioning rod 332 can be fixed to the inner wall of the third sleeve 31 near the energy release section 4 by screws or welding. One end of the positioning rod 332 facing the first inner cylinder 311 can be hinged to one end of the rotating rod 331 by a pivot. The other end of the rotating rod 331 extends toward the opening of the first inner cylinder 311 and can be fixed to the fan-shaped steel sheet 32 ​​by screws or welding.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first spring 333 can be a compression spring, which is set at the hinge of the positioning rod 332 and the rotating rod 331. The two ends of the first spring 333 respectively abut against the corresponding surfaces of the positioning rod 332 and the rotating rod 331. When the first spring 333 is in its natural state, the first spring 333 applies a pushing force to the rotating rod 331, so that the fan-shaped steel plate 32 is pressed tightly against the opening of the first inner cylinder 311 and the opening of the first inner cylinder 311 is closed. When the end of the grouting pipe 600 pushes open the fan-shaped steel plate 32 and enters the second rod body 21, the fan-shaped steel plate 32 drives the rotating rod 331 to rotate in the direction of the positioning rod 332, compressing the first spring 333. When the grouting pipe 600 is pulled out of the second rod body 21, the compressed first spring 333 returns to its original state, so that the rotating rod 331 rotates in the direction away from the positioning rod 332, and the fan-shaped steel plate 32 closes the opening of the first inner cylinder 311 again.

[0064] In another embodiment, the first spring 333 may be a torsion spring and is fitted onto the rotating shaft. One end of the torsion spring is connected to the rotating rod 331, and the other end of the torsion spring is connected to the rotating shaft. When the torsion spring is in its natural state, the fan-shaped steel sheet 32 ​​covers the opening of the first inner cylinder 311. When the end of the grouting pipe 600 pushes open the fan-shaped steel sheet 32 ​​and enters the second rod 21, the rotating shaft rotates and puts the torsion spring in a torsional state. When the grouting pipe 600 is pulled out of the second rod 21, the torsion spring returns to its original state and drives the rotating rod 331 to rotate through the rotating shaft, so that the fan-shaped steel sheet 32 ​​covers the opening of the first inner cylinder 311 again.

[0065] like Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown, optionally, the outer peripheral surface of the second rod 21 and the outer peripheral surface of the second sleeve 22 are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole. After the second rod 21 is threaded into the interior of the second sleeve 22, the first through hole and the second through hole are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0066] Specifically, multiple first through holes are evenly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the second rod 21. The first through holes can be formed by drilling or integral molding. Multiple second through holes are evenly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the second sleeve 22. The second through holes can also be formed by drilling or integral molding. When the second rod 21 is threaded into the second sleeve 22, the first through holes and the second through holes are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0067] In this embodiment, since the second rod 21 is a hollow structure, the first through hole and the second through hole are connected one-to-one, which allows the interior of the second rod 21 to communicate with the exterior of the second sleeve 22. Thus, when the anchoring section 2 is placed into the deep hole section of the anchor hole, anchoring grout is injected into the interior of the second rod 21 through the grouting pipe 600. The anchoring grout can enter the gap between the inner wall of the deep hole section of the anchor hole and the second sleeve 22 through the first through hole and the second through hole. Multiple first through holes can be evenly distributed, which can accelerate the rate at which the anchoring grout spreads into the gap and shorten the anchoring time of the anchoring section 2.

[0068] like Figure 1 and Figure 11 As shown, optionally, it also includes a fixing mechanism 5, which includes a nut 51, a steel washer 52 and a tray 53. The nut 51 is threaded to the end of the first rod 11 that extends out of the first sleeve 12. The steel washer 52 and the tray 53 are sleeved between the corresponding end faces of the nut 51 and the first sleeve 12.

[0069] Specifically, the inner diameter of the mounting holes on the steel washer 52 and the tray 53 can be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the first rod section 11, so that the steel washer 52 and the tray 53 can be fitted onto the first rod section 11, and the length of the first rod section 11 is greater than the length of the first sleeve 12, so that the end of the first rod section 11 can extend out of the first sleeve 12, and the end of the first rod section 11 extending out of the first sleeve 12 is formed with external threads and threadedly connected to the nut 51.

[0070] In this embodiment, during installation, the steel washer 52 and the tray 53 are fixed to the rock mass 200 by rotating the nut 51. It should be noted that during construction, a first layer of concrete 300 needs to be sprayed onto the rock surface of the tunnel 100. At this time, the nut 51 actually presses the steel washer 52 and the tray 53 tightly onto the first concrete layer 300. The nut 51 can be specially made with high tensile strength and durability. Applying pressure to the rock mass 200 together with the anchor rod fixes the anchor rod and ensures close contact between the steel washer 52, the tray 53, and the rock mass 200. The steel washer 52 and the tray 53 can secure the anchor rod... The force on the anchor rod is distributed to the surrounding rock mass 200, reducing the concentrated load on a single rock point. This improves the anchor rod's bearing capacity and reduces deformation and damage to the rock mass 200. The presence of the steel gasket 52 and the tray 53 increases the contact area between the anchor rod and the rock mass 200. By increasing the support area, the friction between the anchor rod and the rock mass 200 is increased, enhancing the stability and safety of the support. The steel gasket 52 and the tray 53 also protect the anchor rod, preventing direct contact between it and the rock mass 200, reducing impact and wear on the anchor rod. This extends the anchor rod's service life and improves its reliability and stability.

[0071] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel support construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0072] S1: Excavate the tunnel 100 along the excavation direction and clean the rock surface of the tunnel 100;

[0073] S2: Spray the first layer of concrete 300 onto the rock surface of cavern 100;

[0074] S3: Drill anchor holes radially along the cavity 100 on the first concrete layer 300. The spacing, size and number of anchor holes shall be determined according to the construction design requirements.

[0075] S4: Insert multiple energy-releasing hollow grouting anchors as described above into the rock mass 200 along the corresponding anchor holes;

[0076] S5: Set a steel mesh 400 on the first concrete layer 300, and then spray a second concrete layer 500 on the arranged steel mesh 400 and the energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor.

[0077] S6: Repeat steps S1 to S5 to complete the tunnel excavation.

[0078] Specifically, before proceeding to step S1, the above-mentioned energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor rod needs to be assembled in advance. The specific assembly steps are as follows: the first section of the rod 11 is threaded into the first sleeve 12, and both ends of the first section of the rod 11 are exposed. The tray 53 and the steel washer 52 are first put on one end of the first section of the rod 11 in sequence, and then the nut 51 is put on. The threaded post 43 at one end of the energy-releasing section 4 is threaded into the other end of the first section of the rod 11. The threaded post 43 at the other end of the energy-releasing section 4 is threaded into the first inner cylinder 311 in the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3. The second section of the rod 21 is threaded into the second sleeve 22. The second inner cylinder 312 in the grouting opening and closing mechanism 3 is threaded into the second section of the rod 21, thus completing the assembly of the energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor rod.

[0079] Optionally, in step S4, after the energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole, grout is injected into the anchoring section 2 through the grouting pipe 600. After the grouting of the anchoring section 2 is completed, the grouting pipe 600 is pulled out.

[0080] It should be noted that the grouting material can be epoxy resin grout, which can fill the cracks between the anchor rod and the rock mass 200, increase the bonding force and friction between the anchor rod and the rock mass 200, thereby improving the fixing effect of the anchor rod.

[0081] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hollow grouting anchor bolt with energy release function, characterized in that, include: The structure comprises a free section (1), an anchoring section (2), a grouting opening and closing mechanism (3), and an energy-releasing section (4). One end of the energy-releasing section (4) is connected to the free section (1), and the other end of the energy-releasing section (4) is connected to the anchoring section (2). The grouting opening and closing mechanism (3) is connected between the energy-releasing section (4) and the anchoring section (2). The free section (1), the energy-releasing section (4), the grouting opening and closing mechanism (3) and the anchoring section (2) are internally connected. The grouting opening and closing mechanism (3) is pushed to open from one end near the energy-releasing section (4) and automatically closes after the pushing force is released. The free section (1) includes a first rod body (11) and a first sleeve (12). The first rod body (11) is a hollow structure and is threaded to the inside of the first sleeve (12). The anchoring section (2) includes a second rod body (21) and a second sleeve (22). The second rod body (21) is a hollow structure and is threaded to the inside of the second sleeve (22). The energy-releasing section (4) includes a column (41) and an energy-releasing element (42). The column (41) has a cavity (411), and the energy-releasing element (42) is located in the cavity (411). The energy-releasing element (42) includes a π-shaped steel plate (421) and a second spring (422). The two ends of the π-shaped steel plate (421) are connected to the inner wall of the cavity (411). The outer sides of the two side plates of the π-shaped steel plate (421) are provided with protruding pillars (4211), and the second spring (422) is fitted on the protruding pillars (4211). The grouting opening and closing mechanism (3) includes a third sleeve (31), a fan-shaped steel plate (32), and a... The mounting component (33) has a first inner cylinder (311) and a second inner cylinder (312) at both ends of the third sleeve (31). The second inner cylinder (312) is used to be threaded to the second section rod (21). A plurality of fan-shaped steel plates (32) are arranged in a ring to cover the first inner cylinder (311). Each fan-shaped steel plate (32) is connected to the third sleeve (31) through the mounting component (33). When the force is applied, each fan-shaped steel plate (32) deflects toward the second inner cylinder (312) to open, and automatically closes onto the first inner cylinder (311) after the force is released. The energy release section (4) also includes threaded posts (43), two threaded posts (43) are connected to the two ends of the column body (41), the threaded posts (43) are hollow, one of the threaded posts (43) is used to be threaded to the first inner cylinder (311), and the other threaded post (43) is used to be threaded to the first section rod (11) or the first sleeve (12). The two ends of the column body (41) are also provided with through holes (412), the through holes (412) connect the interior of the threaded post (43) to the cavity (411); The mounting component (33) includes a rotating rod (331), a positioning rod (332), and a first spring (333). One end of the rotating rod (331) is connected to the fan-shaped steel sheet (32), and the other end of the rotating rod (331) is rotatably connected to the positioning rod (332). The positioning rod (332) is connected to the inner wall of the third sleeve (31). The two ends of the first spring (333) abut against the rotating rod (331) and the positioning rod (332) respectively. When the fan-shaped steel sheet (32) is opened, the first spring (333) is in a compressed state.

2. The energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the second rod (21) and the outer circumferential surface of the second sleeve (22) are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole. After the second rod (21) is threaded into the interior of the second sleeve (22), the first through hole and the second through hole are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. The energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fixing mechanism (5), which includes a nut (51), a steel washer (52) and a tray (53). The nut (51) is threaded to the end of the first rod (11) that extends out of the first sleeve (12). The steel washer (52) and the tray (53) are sleeved between the corresponding end faces of the nut (51) and the first sleeve (12).

4. A tunnel support construction method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Excavate the cavern (100) along the excavation direction and clean the rock surface of the cavern (100); S2: Spray the first layer of concrete (300) onto the rock surface of the cavern (100); S3: Drill anchor holes radially along the cavity (100) on the first concrete layer (300); S4: Insert multiple energy-releasing hollow grouting anchors as described in any one of claims 1-3 into the rock mass (200) along the corresponding anchor holes; S5: A steel mesh (400) is set on the first concrete layer (300), and then a second concrete layer (500) is sprayed on the arranged steel mesh (400) and the energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor. S6: Repeat steps S1 to S5 to complete the tunnel excavation.

5. The tunnel support construction method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, after the energy-releasing hollow grouting anchor rod is placed into the anchor hole, grout is injected into the anchoring section (2) through the grouting pipe (600). After the grouting of the anchoring section (2) is completed, the grouting pipe (600) is pulled out.

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