A kind of spraying greening matrix and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil matrix. The present invention provides a spray-seeding greening matrix and its preparation method and application. Among them, the spray-seeding greening matrix contains 90-92% of composite soil matrix, 2-4% of composite organic matter, 3-5% of composite plant fiber, 0.1-0.3% of composite fertilizer, 0.1-0.2% of plant root promoter, 0.1-0.2% of soil water retaining agent, 0.01-0.03% of soil adhesive, and 0.2-0.3% of soil granulating agent. The spray-seeding greening matrix of the present invention has strong water retention performance, high organic matter content, good air permeability, high effective nutrient content, and uniform granular structure. It is applied to the greening of rock slopes with a slope of less than 60°. The plant growth is vigorous and the vegetation coverage rate is high, which can reach 96.85%. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and it is suitable for mass production and large-scale application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil substrates, and in particular to a spraying greening substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the process of open-pit mining, due to the inevitable excavation of the mountain, a large number of rock slopes will be formed, which will not only destroy the original topography and landforms, but also lead to geological disasters such as landslides and collapses.

[0003] The site conditions of rock slopes are extremely bad. The original vegetation and topsoil of the slopes are almost stripped away. The surface soil of the slopes has very few components and lacks the nutrients necessary for plant growth. Only by rebuilding the soil structure of the slope can the needs of rock slope vegetation greening be met. Different rock slopes with different slopes use different vegetation greening methods. For high and steep rock slopes with a slope greater than 60°, it is necessary to complete vegetation greening through more complex methods such as building floating platforms, constructing vegetation holes, and stacking ecological bags; for rock slopes with a slope less than 60°, spraying greening is mainly used.

[0004] Spray seeding is a slope vegetation greening technology that uses mechanical spraying equipment to spray artificially prepared soil matrix containing plant seeds onto the slope surface under the premise of slope stability. Affected by factors such as slope type and slope gradient, there are still shortcomings such as poor water retention of spray seeding matrix, weak plant growth potential, and low vegetation preservation rate. Therefore, according to the differences in slope type and slope gradient, the preparation and application of spray seeding matrix suitable for them is a problem that technicians in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a spraying greening matrix and a preparation method and application thereof in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a spraying greening matrix, comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

[0008] Composite soil matrix 90-92%, composite organic matter 2-4%, composite plant fiber 3-5%, composite fertilizer 0.1-0.3%, plant root promoter 0.1-0.2%, soil water retaining agent 0.1-0.2%, soil adhesive 0.01-0.03%, soil granulating agent 0.2-0.3%.

[0009] Preferably, the composite soil matrix is ​​loam and loess;

[0010] In the loam and loess, the gravel content is independently 3-5%, the water content is independently 15-20%, the particle size of the loam and loess is independently 1.4-1.6 cm, and the mass ratio of the loam to the loess is 5:4-6.

[0011] Preferably, the composite organic matter is sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid;

[0012] The moisture content of the sludge cake is 18-23%, the particle size of the sludge cake is 0.6-0.65 mm, the moisture content of the peat soil is 27-32%, the humic acid material is one or more of calcium humate, magnesium humate and phosphorus humate, and the mass ratio of the sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid material is 1-3:5-7:5-7.

[0013] Preferably, the composite plant fibers are Phragmites australis, reeds and straw;

[0014] The lengths of the bulrush, reed and straw are independently 1-3 cm, and the mass ratio of the bulrush, reed and straw is 3:2-4:2-4.

[0015] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer;

[0016] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer is 4:3-5:3-5;

[0017] The trace element fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% zinc sulfate, 20-25% borax, 12-18% ammonium molybdate, 7-9% manganese sulfate, 8-15% ferrous sulfate and 16-18% copper sulfate.

[0018] Preferably, the plant root promoter is a biological organic acid preparation, a soil enzyme preparation and a soil probiotic preparation;

[0019] The mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation, the soil enzyme preparation and the soil probiotic preparation is 3-4:3-3.5:2.5-3.5;

[0020] The biological organic acid preparation is tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid; the mass ratio of tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid is 2-3:2-3:2-3:2-3;

[0021] The soil enzyme preparation comprises soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase; the mass ratio of soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase is 2-3:2-3:2-3;

[0022] The soil probiotic preparation comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus gelatinous and mycorrhizal fungi; the mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus gelatinous and mycorrhizal fungi is 2-4:2-4:4-6:2-4.

[0023] Preferably, the soil water retaining agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the soil adhesive is polyacrylamide, and the soil agglomerating agent is SF soil agglomerating agent.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the spray-seeding greening matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0025] 1) mixing the composite organic matter, the composite fertilizer and the plant root promoting agent to obtain a mixture A;

[0026] 2) mixing the soil water retaining agent and the soil binder to obtain a mixture B;

[0027] 3) mixing the composite soil matrix and the composite plant fiber to obtain a mixture C;

[0028] 4) Mix the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and the soil aggregate to obtain a spraying greening matrix.

[0029] The present invention also provides the application of the spray-seeding greening matrix in a rocky slope, wherein the spray-seeding greening matrix and the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds are sequentially sprayed onto the rocky slope.

[0030] Preferably, the spraying thickness of the spray-seeding greening matrix is ​​14 to 16 cm, and the spraying thickness of the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds is 3 to 5 cm;

[0031] The amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope is 8-10g / m 2 The plant seeds are pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue; the mass ratio of pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue is 2-5:2-4:2-3.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention include the following:

[0033] 1) The present invention uses a composite soil matrix as the main base material, and adds composite organic matter, composite plant fiber, composite fertilizer, plant root promoter, soil water retaining agent, soil adhesive and soil granulating agent as auxiliary base materials. The prepared spraying greening matrix has the characteristics of energy saving and environmental protection, low cost, easy use and good effect.

[0034] 2) The spraying greening matrix of the present invention has strong water retention performance, high organic matter content, good air permeability, high effective nutrient content, and uniform granular structure. It is applied to the greening of rock slopes with a slope of less than 60°. Plants grow vigorously and the vegetation coverage rate is high, which can reach 96.85%.

[0035] 3) The present invention prepares a spray-seeding greening matrix suitable for rock slopes with a slope of less than 60° by reasonably controlling the dosage ratio of each component of the spray-seeding greening matrix. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, and suitable for mass production and large-scale application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention provides a spraying greening matrix, comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

[0037] Composite soil matrix 90-92%, composite organic matter 2-4%, composite plant fiber 3-5%, composite fertilizer 0.1-0.3%, plant root promoter 0.1-0.2%, soil water retaining agent 0.1-0.2%, soil adhesive 0.01-0.03%, soil granulating agent 0.2-0.3%.

[0038] The spraying greening matrix of the present invention contains 90-92% of the composite soil matrix, preferably 90.5-91.5%, and more preferably 91%.

[0039] In the present invention, the composite soil matrix is ​​preferably loam and loess;

[0040] In the loam and loess, the gravel content is independently preferably 3-5%, more preferably 3.5-4.5%, more preferably 4%; the moisture content is independently preferably 15-20%, more preferably 16-18%, more preferably 17%; the particle size of the loam and loess is independently preferably 1.4-1.6 cm, more preferably 1.5 cm; the mass ratio of loam and loess is preferably 5:4-6, more preferably 5:4.5-5.5, more preferably 5:5.

[0041] In the present invention, the composite soil matrix has the functions of improving the air permeability, water retention and heat preservation performance of the spray-seeding greening matrix and increasing the mineral components of the spray-seeding greening matrix.

[0042] The spraying greening matrix of the present invention contains 2-4% of composite organic matter, preferably 2.5-3.5%, more preferably 2.8-3.2%, and more preferably 3%.

[0043] In the present invention, the composite organic matter is preferably sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid;

[0044] The moisture content of the sludge cake is preferably 18-23%, more preferably 20-22%, and more preferably 21%; the particle size of the sludge cake is preferably 0.6-0.65 mm, more preferably 0.62-0.64 mm, and more preferably 0.63 mm; the moisture content of peat soil is preferably 27-32%, more preferably 28-30%, and more preferably 29%; the humic acid is preferably one or more of calcium humate, magnesium humate, and humic acid phosphorus; the mass ratio of sludge cake, peat soil, and humic acid is preferably 1-3:5-7:5-7, more preferably 1.5-2.5:5.5-6.5:5.5-6.5, and more preferably 2:6:6.

[0045] In the present invention, the composite organic matter has the function of increasing the organic matter of the spray greening matrix.

[0046] The spray-seeding greening matrix of the present invention contains 3-5% of composite plant fibers, preferably 3.5-4.5%, more preferably 3.8-4.2%, and even more preferably 4%.

[0047] In the present invention, the composite plant fibers are preferably selected from Phragmites australis, reeds and straw;

[0048] The lengths of the bulrush, reed and straw are independently preferably 1-3 cm, more preferably 1.5-2.5 cm, and more preferably 2 cm; the mass ratio of bulrush, reed and straw is preferably 3:2-4:2-4, more preferably 3:2.5-3.5:2.5-3.5, and more preferably 3:3:3.

[0049] In the present invention, the composite plant fiber has the function of increasing the air permeability and water absorption of the spray greening matrix.

[0050] The spraying greening matrix of the present invention contains 0.1-0.3% of compound fertilizer, preferably 0.15-0.25%, and more preferably 0.2%.

[0051] In the present invention, the compound fertilizer is preferably potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer;

[0052] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer is preferably 4:3-5:3-5, more preferably 4:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5, and more preferably 4:4:4;

[0053] The trace element fertilizer preferably comprises raw materials in the following weight percentages: 15-25% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O), 20-25% borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O), 12-18% ammonium molybdate ((NH4)2MoO4), 7-9% manganese sulfate (MnSO4·3H2O), 8-15% ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O), 16-18% copper sulfate (CuSO4·7H2O), and further preferably 18-22% zinc sulfate, 22-24% borax, 14-16% ammonium molybdate, 8-9% manganese sulfate, 10-12% ferrous sulfate, and 16-17% copper sulfate.

[0054] In the present invention, the compound fertilizer has the function of increasing the nutrient elements of the spray greening matrix.

[0055] The spraying greening matrix of the present invention contains 0.1-0.2% of plant root promoter, preferably 0.14-0.16%, and more preferably 0.15%.

[0056] In the present invention, the plant root promoting agent is preferably a biological organic acid preparation, a soil enzyme preparation and a soil probiotic preparation;

[0057] The mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation, the soil enzyme preparation and the soil probiotic preparation is preferably 3-4:3-3.5:2.5-3.5, and more preferably 3.5:3.2:3;

[0058] The biological organic acid preparation is preferably tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid; the mass ratio of tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid is preferably 2-3:2-3:2-3:2-3, more preferably 2.4-2.6:2.2-2.8:2.4-2.6:2.3-2.5, more preferably 2.5:2.4-2.6:2.5:2.4;

[0059] The soil enzyme preparation is preferably soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase; the mass ratio of soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase is preferably 2-3:2-3:2-3, more preferably 2.4-2.6:2.4-2.6:2.2-2.8, and more preferably 2.5:2.5:2.4-2.6;

[0060] The soil probiotic preparation is preferably Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinous and mycorrhizal fungi; the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinous and mycorrhizal fungi is preferably 2-4:2-4:4-6:2-4, more preferably 2.5-3.5:2.5-3.5:4.5-5.5:2.5-3.5, more preferably 3:3:5:3.

[0061] In the present invention, the plant root promoter has the functions of promoting the growth of plant roots and increasing the vegetation coverage rate.

[0062] The spraying greening matrix of the present invention contains 0.1-0.2% soil water retaining agent, preferably 0.12-0.18%, more preferably 0.14-0.16%, and more preferably 0.15%.

[0063] In the present invention, the soil water-retaining agent is preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0064] In the present invention, the soil water-retaining agent has the functions of increasing the water storage and moisture retention capacity of the spray-seeding greening matrix and improving the moisture condition of the spray-seeding greening matrix.

[0065] The spray-seeding greening matrix of the present invention contains 0.01 to 0.03% of soil binder, preferably 0.015 to 0.025%, and more preferably 0.02%.

[0066] In the present invention, the soil binder is preferably polyacrylamide.

[0067] In the present invention, the soil adhesive has the functions of increasing the adhesion of the spray-seeding greening matrix, reducing the looseness of the spray-seeding greening matrix, and improving the stability and wind erosion resistance of the spray-seeding greening matrix.

[0068] The spraying greening matrix of the present invention contains 0.2-0.3% soil aggregate, preferably 0.22-0.28%, more preferably 0.24-0.26%, and more preferably 0.25%.

[0069] In the present invention, the soil agglomerating agent is preferably SF soil agglomerating agent.

[0070] In the present invention, the soil agglomerating agent has the function of improving the agglomerate structure of the spray-seeded greening matrix and promoting the oxygen supply of the spray-seeded greening matrix.

[0071] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the spray-seeding greening matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0072] 1) mixing the composite organic matter, the composite fertilizer and the plant root promoting agent to obtain a mixture A;

[0073] 2) mixing the soil water retaining agent and the soil binder to obtain a mixture B;

[0074] 3) mixing the composite soil matrix and the composite plant fiber to obtain a mixture C;

[0075] 4) Mix the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and the soil aggregate to obtain a spraying greening matrix.

[0076] The present invention also provides the application of the spray-seeding greening matrix in a rocky slope, wherein the spray-seeding greening matrix and the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds are sequentially sprayed onto the rocky slope.

[0077] In the present invention, the spray thickness of the spray greening matrix is ​​preferably 14 to 16 cm, more preferably 14.5 to 15.5 cm, and more preferably 15 cm; the spray thickness of the spray greening matrix containing plant seeds is preferably 3 to 5 cm, more preferably 3.5 to 4.5 cm, and more preferably 4 cm;

[0078] The amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope is preferably 8-10 g / m 2 , more preferably 8.5 to 9.5 g / m 2 , more preferably 9g / m 2 The mass ratio of pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue is preferably 2-5:2-4:2-3, more preferably 3-4:2.5-3.5:2.4-2.6, and more preferably 3.5:3:2.5.

[0079] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] Use a soil crushing and screening bucket to mix loam with a gravel content of 3%, a moisture content of 18%, and a particle size of 1.5 cm and loess with a gravel content of 5%, a moisture content of 15%, and a particle size of 1.4 cm in a mass ratio of 5:4, pile them into piles, and cover them with black plastic film for 1 week to obtain a composite soil matrix.

[0082] Sludge cake with a particle size of 0.6 mm (purchased from a local agricultural supply market with a moisture content of 18%), peat soil (purchased from a local agricultural supply market with a moisture content of 32%) and calcium humate were evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 2:6:6, piled into a pile, covered with a black plastic film, and balanced for 1 week to obtain composite organic matter.

[0083] Phragmites australis, reed and straw, all of which are 1 cm in length, are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:3:3, piled into a pile, and water is sprayed on the pile surface to keep it moist, so as to obtain a composite plant fiber.

[0084] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer (the trace element fertilizer contains the following raw materials in weight percentage: 25% zinc sulfate, 25% borax, 15% ammonium molybdate, 8% manganese sulfate, 10% ferrous sulfate, 17% copper sulfate) are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 4:4:4 to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0085] Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:3:3:3 to obtain a biological organic acid preparation; soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:3:3 to obtain a soil enzyme preparation; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinosa and mycorrhizal fungi are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 4:2:4:2 to obtain a soil probiotic preparation; the biological organic acid preparation, soil enzyme preparation and soil probiotic preparation are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 3.5:3.5:3 to obtain a plant root promoter.

[0086] 40 kg of composite organic matter, 1 kg of composite fertilizer and 1 kg of plant root promoter were mixed evenly to obtain mixture A; 2 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.3 kg of polyacrylamide were mixed evenly to obtain mixture B; 902.7 kg of composite soil matrix and 50 kg of composite plant fiber were mixed evenly to obtain mixture C; mixture A, mixture B, mixture C and 3 kg of SF soil granules (produced by Guangxi Zhongxing Ecological Garden Co., Ltd.) were mixed evenly to obtain a spray greening matrix.

[0087] Prepare a new spraying greening matrix according to the above conditions, and then add plant seeds into it (the amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope is 10g / m 2 , the plant seeds are pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue, and the mass ratio of pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue is 4:3:3), and a spraying greening matrix containing plant seeds is obtained.

[0088] After clearing the loose rocks and debris on the surface of the slope (rock slope, average slope of 55-58°, average elevation of 20-25m) of the Yujiashan limestone mine in Yangxin County, the slope surface is covered with nets and nails (galvanized diamond iron wire netting, mesh size 5×5cm, aperture (14#), extending 110cm to the top of the slope, C25 concrete is used to press the top after the piles are fixed, the mesh is kept 10cm away from the slope, supported by pads, and tied with 18# iron wire; the anchors of the nail net are Φ16 steel bars, the anchor spacing is set at 0.7m, the main anchor is 1.0m long, the auxiliary anchor is 0.5m long, and the exposed section length is 0.2m), and then the sprayed greening matrix and the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds are sieved separately (the sieve hole is 1.5cm), and then the sprayed greening matrix is ​​first sprayed onto the slope (the spraying thickness is 15cm), let it stand for 1h, and then spray the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds (the spraying thickness is 3cm). After the spraying is completed, a reinforced three-dimensional mesh mat made of a galvanized steel wire mesh with a tensile strength of 50kN / m and a polypropylene material with a polymer strength of 0.5kN / m is thermally bonded on the surface and fixed to the slope using an anchoring system.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] Use a soil crushing and screening bucket to mix loam with a gravel content of 5%, a moisture content of 15%, and a particle size of 1.6 cm and loess with a gravel content of 3%, a moisture content of 20%, and a particle size of 1.6 cm in a mass ratio of 5:6, pile them into piles, cover them with black plastic film, and balance them for 1 week to obtain a composite soil matrix.

[0091] Sludge cake with a particle size of 0.65 mm (purchased from a local agricultural supply market with a moisture content of 23%), peat soil (purchased from a local agricultural supply market with a moisture content of 27%) and magnesium humate were evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5:7, piled into a pile, and covered with a black plastic film for 1 week to obtain composite organic matter.

[0092] Phragmites australis, reeds and straw, all of which are 3 cm in length, are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:2:4, piled into a pile, and water is sprayed on the pile surface to keep it moist, so as to obtain a composite plant fiber.

[0093] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer (the trace element fertilizer contains the following raw materials in weight percentage: 23% zinc sulfate, 25% borax, 12% ammonium molybdate, 7% manganese sulfate, 15% ferrous sulfate, 18% copper sulfate) are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:5 to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0094] Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 3:2:2:2 to obtain a biological organic acid preparation; soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 3:2:2 to obtain a soil enzyme preparation; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinosa and mycorrhizal fungi are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2:4:6:4 to obtain a soil probiotic preparation; the biological organic acid preparation, soil enzyme preparation and soil probiotic preparation are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 3:3:3.5 to obtain a plant root promoter.

[0095] 40 kg of composite organic matter, 3 kg of composite fertilizer and 2 kg of plant root promoter were mixed evenly to obtain mixture A; 2 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.2 kg of polyacrylamide were mixed evenly to obtain mixture B; 910.8 kg of composite soil matrix and 40 kg of composite plant fiber were mixed evenly to obtain mixture C; mixture A, mixture B, mixture C and 2 kg of SF soil granulating agent (produced by Guangxi Zhongxing Ecological Garden Co., Ltd.) were mixed evenly to obtain a spray greening matrix.

[0096] Prepare a new spraying greening matrix according to the above conditions, and then add plant seeds into it (the amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope is 9g / m 2 , the plant seeds are pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue, and the mass ratio of pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue is 4:3:2), and a spraying greening matrix containing plant seeds is obtained.

[0097] After removing the loose rocks and debris on the surface of the slope (rock slope, average slope of 40-45°, average elevation of 15-18m) of the Tongshankou Copper Mine in Daye City, the slope surface is covered with nets and nails (galvanized diamond iron wire netting is used, the mesh size is 5×5cm, the aperture is 2.5mm, and the diameter is 2.5mm). (14#), extending 90cm to the top of the slope, C25 concrete is used to press the top after the piles are fixed, the mesh is kept 8cm away from the slope, supported by pads, and tied with 18# iron wire; the anchors of the nail net are Φ16 steel bars, the anchor spacing is set at 0.8m, the main anchor is 0.8m long, the auxiliary anchor is 0.5m long, and the exposed section length is 0.15m), and then the sprayed greening matrix and the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds are sieved separately (the sieve hole is 1.5cm), and then the sprayed greening matrix is ​​first sprayed onto the slope (the spraying thickness is 15cm), let it stand for 2h, and then spray the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds (the spraying thickness is 3cm). After the spraying is completed, a reinforced three-dimensional mesh mat made of a galvanized steel wire mesh with a tensile strength of 40kN / m and a polypropylene material with a polymer strength of 0.4kN / m is thermally bonded on the surface and fixed to the slope using an anchoring system.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] Use a soil crushing and screening bucket to mix loam with a gravel content of 4%, a moisture content of 20%, and a particle size of 1.4 cm and loess with a gravel content of 4%, a moisture content of 16%, and a particle size of 1.5 cm in a mass ratio of 5:5, pile them into piles, cover them with black plastic film, and balance them for 1 week to obtain a composite soil matrix.

[0100] Sludge cake with a particle size of 0.63 mm (purchased from a local agricultural supply market with a moisture content of 20%), peat soil (purchased from a local agricultural supply market with a moisture content of 30%) and humic acid phosphorus were evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:7:5, piled into a pile, and covered with a black plastic film for 1 week to obtain composite organic matter.

[0101] Phragmites australis, reeds and straw, all of which are 2 cm in length, are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:4:2, piled into a pile, and water is sprayed on the pile surface to keep it moist, so as to obtain a composite plant fiber.

[0102] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer (the trace element fertilizer contains the following raw materials in weight percentage: 25% zinc sulfate, 22% borax, 13% ammonium molybdate, 8% manganese sulfate, 14% ferrous sulfate, 18% copper sulfate) are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 4:5:3 to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0103] Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2.5:2.5:3:3 to obtain a biological organic acid preparation; soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 2.5:3:2.5 to obtain a soil enzyme preparation; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinosa and mycorrhizal fungi are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 3:3:5:3 to obtain a soil probiotic preparation; the biological organic acid preparation, soil enzyme preparation and soil probiotic preparation are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 4:3.5:2.5 to obtain a plant root promoter.

[0104] 35 kg of composite organic matter, 3 kg of composite fertilizer and 2 kg of plant root promoter were mixed evenly to obtain mixture A; 1 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.1 kg of polyacrylamide were mixed evenly to obtain mixture B; 919.9 kg of composite soil matrix and 37 kg of composite plant fiber were mixed evenly to obtain mixture C; mixture A, mixture B, mixture C and 2 kg of SF soil granules (produced by Guangxi Zhongxing Ecological Garden Co., Ltd.) were mixed evenly to obtain a spray greening matrix.

[0105] Prepare a new spraying greening matrix according to the above conditions, and then add plant seeds into it (the amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope is 9g / m 2 , the plant seeds are pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue, and the mass ratio of pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue is 2:4:3), and a spraying greening matrix containing plant seeds is obtained.

[0106] After removing the loose rocks and debris on the surface of the slope (rock slope, average slope of 30-35°, average elevation of 6-8m) of the Jinshandian Iron Mine in Daye, the slope surface is covered with nets and nails (galvanized diamond iron wire netting, mesh size 5×5cm, aperture (14#), extending 85cm to the top of the slope, C25 concrete is used to press the top after the piles are fixed, the mesh is kept 6cm away from the slope, supported by pads, and tied with 18# iron wire; the anchors of the nail net are Φ16 steel bars, the anchor spacing is set at 0.9m, the main anchor is 0.5m long, the auxiliary anchor is 0.3m long, and the exposed section is 0.5m long), and then the sprayed greening matrix and the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds are sieved separately (the sieve hole is 1.5cm), and then the sprayed greening matrix is ​​first sprayed onto the slope (the spraying thickness is 15cm), let it stand for 1.5h, and then spray the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds (the spraying thickness is 5cm). After the spraying is completed, a reinforced three-dimensional mesh mat made of a galvanized steel wire mesh with a tensile strength of 50kN / m and a polypropylene material with a polymer strength of 0.5kN / m is thermally bonded on the surface and fixed to the slope using an anchoring system.

[0107] Example 4

[0108] The preparation of the composite soil matrix, composite organic matter, composite plant fiber, composite fertilizer, plant root promoter, soil water retaining agent, soil adhesive and soil granulating agent is the same as that in Example 1.

[0109] 40 kg of composite organic matter, 2 kg of composite fertilizer and 1.5 kg of plant root promoter were mixed evenly to obtain mixture A; 1.5 kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.2 kg of polyacrylamide were mixed evenly to obtain mixture B; 920 kg of composite soil matrix and 32.3 kg of composite plant fiber were mixed evenly to obtain mixture C; mixture A, mixture B, mixture C and 2.5 kg of SF soil granulating agent (produced by Guangxi Zhongxing Ecological Garden Co., Ltd.) were mixed evenly to obtain a spray greening matrix.

[0110] Prepare a new spraying greening matrix according to the above conditions, and then add plant seeds into it (the amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope is 8g / m 2 , the plant seeds are pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue, and the mass ratio of pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue is 4:2:2), and a spraying greening matrix containing plant seeds is obtained.

[0111] After clearing the loose rocks and debris on the surface of the slope (rock slope, average slope of 55-58°, average elevation of 20-25m) of the Yujiashan limestone mine in Yangxin County, the slope surface is covered with nets and nails (galvanized diamond iron wire netting, mesh size 5×5cm, aperture (14#), extending 110cm to the top of the slope, C25 concrete is used to press the top after the piles are fixed, the mesh is kept 10cm away from the slope, supported by pads, and tied with 18# iron wire; the anchors of the nail net are Φ16 steel bars, the anchor spacing is set at 0.7m, the main anchor is 1.0m long, the auxiliary anchor is 0.5m long, and the exposed section length is 0.2m), and then the sprayed greening matrix and the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds are sieved separately (the sieve hole is 1.5cm), and then the sprayed greening matrix is ​​first sprayed onto the slope (the spraying thickness is 16cm), let it stand for 2h, and then spray the sprayed greening matrix containing plant seeds (the spraying thickness is 4cm). After the spraying is completed, a reinforced three-dimensional mesh mat made of a galvanized steel wire mesh with a tensile strength of 50kN / m and a polypropylene material with a polymer strength of 0.5kN / m is thermally bonded on the surface and fixed to the slope using an anchoring system.

[0112] Comparative Example 1

[0113] The mass ratio of sludge cake, peat soil and calcium humate for preparing composite organic matter in Example 1 was modified to 2:8:4, and the mass ratio of Phragmites australis, reed and straw for preparing composite plant fiber was modified to 3:6:1, while other conditions remained unchanged.

[0114] Comparative Example 2

[0115] The mass ratio of loam and loess for preparing the composite soil matrix in Example 1 was modified to 5:8, and the mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer for preparing the composite fertilizer was modified to 4:1:7, while other conditions remained unchanged.

[0116] Comparative Example 3

[0117] The mass ratio of tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid used to prepare the biological organic acid preparation in Example 1 was changed to 2:5:6:5, and the mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation, soil enzyme preparation and soil probiotic preparation used to prepare the plant root promoter was changed to 3:7:6. Polyacrylamide was omitted, and other conditions remained unchanged.

[0118] Comparative Example 4

[0119] The amount of the composite organic matter used in preparing the spray-seeding greening matrix in Example 1 was adjusted to 70 kg, and the amount of the composite soil matrix was adjusted to 872.7 kg, while other conditions remained unchanged.

[0120] Comparative Example 5

[0121] The spraying thickness of the spraying greening matrix in Example 1 was modified to 10 cm, the spraying thickness of the spraying greening matrix containing plant seeds was modified to 10 cm, and the amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope was modified to 15 g / m 2 , other conditions remain unchanged.

[0122] After 3 months, the vegetation coverage rates of the implementation areas of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0123] Table 1 Vegetation coverage results of implementation areas of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0124]

[0125] As can be seen from Table 1, the spray-seeding greening matrix prepared by the present invention is applied to the greening of rock slopes with a slope of less than 60°. The plants have vigorous growth potential and a high vegetation coverage rate of up to 96.85%, indicating that the spray-seeding greening matrix has strong water retention performance, high organic matter content, good air permeability, high effective nutrient content, and uniform granular structure.

[0126] It can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 that the present invention prepares a spray-seeding greening matrix suitable for rock slopes with a slope of less than 60° by reasonably controlling the dosage ratio of each component of the spray-seeding greening matrix.

[0127] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spraying greening matrix, characterized in that: Contains the following raw materials in weight percentage: Composite soil matrix 90~92%, composite organic matter 2~4%, composite plant fiber 3~5%, composite fertilizer 0.1~0.3%, plant root promoter 0.1~0.2%, soil water retaining agent 0.1~0.2%, soil adhesive 0.01~0.03%, soil granulating agent 0.2~0.3%; The composite plant fibers are Phragmites australis, reeds and straw; The lengths of the bulrush, reed and straw are 1-3 cm, and the mass ratio of the bulrush, reed and straw is 3:2-4:2-4; The plant root-promoting agent is a biological organic acid preparation, a soil enzyme preparation and a soil probiotic preparation; The mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation, the soil enzyme preparation and the soil probiotic preparation is 3-4:3-3.5:2.5-3.5; The biological organic acid preparation is tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid; the mass ratio of tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid is 2-3:2-3:2-3:2-3; The soil enzyme preparation comprises soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase; the mass ratio of soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase is 2-3:2-3:2-3; The soil probiotic preparation comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and mycorrhizal fungi; the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and mycorrhizal fungi is 2-4:2-4:4-6:2-4; The spraying greening matrix is ​​prepared by the following method: 1) Mixing the composite organic matter, the composite fertilizer and the plant root promoter to obtain a mixture A; 2) mixing the soil water retaining agent and the soil binder to obtain a mixture B; 3) mixing the composite soil matrix and the composite plant fiber to obtain a mixture C; 4) Mixing mixture A, mixture B, mixture C and soil aggregate to obtain a spraying greening matrix; The composite soil matrix is ​​loam and loess; The loam and loess have a gravel content of 3-5%, a water content of 15-20%, a particle size of 1.4-1.6 cm, and a mass ratio of 5:4-6. The composite organic matter is sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid, and the mass ratio of sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid is 1-3:5-7:5-7; The compound fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer; The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer is 4:3~5:3~5; The spraying greening matrix is ​​applied to a rock slope, and the rock slope is a limestone mine slope, a copper mine slope or an iron mine slope.

2. The spraying greening matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the sludge cake is 18-23%, the particle size of the sludge cake is 0.6-0.65 mm, the moisture content of the peat soil is 27-32%, and the humic acid material is one or more of calcium humate, magnesium humate and humic acid phosphorus.

3. The spraying greening matrix according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trace element fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% zinc sulfate, 20-25% borax, 12-18% ammonium molybdate, 7-9% manganese sulfate, 8-15% ferrous sulfate, and 16-18% copper sulfate.

4. The spraying greening matrix according to claim 3, characterized in that: The soil water retaining agent is carboxylic acid Sodium methylcellulose, soil binder is polyacrylamide, and soil agglomerating agent is SF soil agglomerating agent.

5. Application of the spraying greening matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in rock slopes, characterized in that In, The spraying greening matrix and the spraying greening matrix containing plant seeds are sequentially sprayed onto the rock slope; The rock slope is a limestone mining slope, a copper mining slope or an iron mining slope.

6. The use of the spraying greening matrix in rock slopes according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The spraying thickness of the spray-seeding greening matrix is ​​14-16 cm, and the spraying thickness of the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds is 3-5 cm; The amount of plant seeds added to the rock slope is 8~10g / m 2 The plant seeds are pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue; the mass ratio of pigeon pea, cosmos and tall fescue is 2~5:2~4:2~3.

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