Soil disinfestation by applying a voltage

Abstract

A soil disinfector comprising an insulated endless belt having at least one row of positive electrodes and at least one row of negative electrodes mounted on the endless belt. The electrodes are mounted with their heads on the inside of the belt and the bodies of the electrodes point outward from the belt, the electrodes being configured to penetrate the soil. The electrodes draw their power from a power source connected to the electrodes by sets of rows of rollers and sets of rows of stationary conductive contact plates, at least one of each set being positive and at least one of each set being negative. The soil disinfector further has sensors for detecting soil conditions and a processor for varying the power applied to the soil in accordance with the soil conditions.

Description

Soil sterilization by applying voltage

[0001] Divisional application

[0002] This application is a divisional application of China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) application No. 202180026617.9 entitled "Disinfection of Soil by Applying Voltage", filed on January 29, 2021. Technical Field

[0003] This invention generally relates to systems and methods for using voltage to destroy microorganisms in soil. Background Technology

[0004] In agricultural soils used for intensive crops, pathogens and non-crop growth, such as weeds, frequently develop, which impair crop yield, reduce crop growth rate, and decrease crop quality and quantity. Pathogens include nematodes, insects, mites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, most of which are terrestrial, and most have been found to persist in the soil in different seasons.

[0005] Until 2005, methyl bromide was widely used for soil disinfection. It provided a good and inexpensive solution to prevent the growth of most terrestrial pathogens, and thus enabled large-scale farmers to have good crop yields.

[0006] One technique that can be applied without worrying about leaving harmful residues in the soil is to disinfect the soil by applying an electric current to the soil to be disinfected, where the voltage and current are sufficient to kill pathogens in it.

[0007] Since 2005, the use of methyl bromide has gradually decreased due to its toxicity and potential environmental damage, leading to the search for effective, friendly, and economical solutions to address the problem of reducing or eliminating pathogens.

[0008] US Patent 2429412 discloses a system, apparatus, and method of operation capable of applying high-voltage electrical treatment to a considerable depth in the soil, the treatment depth being limited only by the feasible depth of operating a series or set of soil distribution electrodes. Therefore, in practice, the treatment depth is limited only by those physical considerations typically taken into account when determining the maximum feasible depth of soil disturbance.

[0009] However, US2429412 requires two sets of horizontal boards arranged in rows, wherein at least one set of boards has staggered rows, and one set of boards penetrates the ground at a depth below the surface, wherein all disinfection is performed between the surface and the lower set of boards.

[0010] CN205813390 discloses a soil electro-sterilization and pest control device, which includes two electrode plates arranged on the floor of a vegetable greenhouse. The soil electro-sterilization and pest control device of the present invention includes two electrode plate slots arranged on the floor of the vegetable greenhouse, a fixing rod fixed to the top of the vegetable greenhouse, and two electrodes. The slots are arranged in a parallel structure. The fixing rod is arranged laterally. A rotating rod is provided at the lower end of the fixing rod. The rotating rod and the fixing rod are arranged in a parallel structure. A bearing ring is fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the rotating rod. A support rod is fixedly mounted on the inner ring of the bearing, and the support rod is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the bearing. The upper end is connected to the fixing rod, and two rotating disks are fixedly mounted on the rotating rod. An electrode plate protective shell is provided at the lower end of the reel, the electrode plate protective shell and the reel are arranged opposite each other, and the lower end of the electrode plate protective shell is open. A cover plate is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the electrode plate protective shell by a hydraulic hinge. A through hole is provided at the upper end of the electrode plate protective shell, and the electrode plate protective shell is provided with electrode plates.

[0011] However, CN205813390 requires two sets of horizontal panels, with the panels arranged in rows, the lower set at ground level and the upper set at a height near the top of the greenhouse. The device is fixed; there is neither instruction nor suggestion that the device can be transported horizontally during use. Furthermore, the soil above ground is sterilized; if one set of panels is buried, sterilization will occur underground, but this would be impractical for the device to be movable during use.

[0012] Therefore, there has long been a need for a soil disinfection system that does not require use in a fixed location and does not require a set of horizontal plate electrodes at a certain depth below the ground. Summary of the Invention

[0013] One object of the present invention is to disclose a system for using voltage to destroy microorganisms in soil.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle for traveling on land, comprising:

[0015] An annular belt that is in mechanical contact with at least one propulsion roller, the annular belt being insulated;

[0016] At least one sensor for detecting soil data, said sensor being mounted on the vehicle;

[0017] At least one row of positive electrodes is mounted on the annular belt for applying positive current and positive voltage to the soil, each of the at least one row of positive electrodes including at least one positive electrode;

[0018] At least one row of negative electrodes is mounted on the annular belt for applying negative current and negative voltage to the soil, each of the at least one row of negative electrodes including at least one negative electrode;

[0019] A power source for providing the positive current and the positive voltage to a portion of the at least one row of positive electrodes, and providing the negative current and the negative voltage to a portion of the at least one row of negative electrodes;

[0020] At least one row of positive power rollers, the at least one row of positive power rollers being electrically connected to at least one positive electrode terminal of the power source;

[0021] At least one row of negative power rollers, the at least one row of negative power rollers being electrically connected to at least one negative electrode terminal of the power source;

[0022] At least one row of positive contact plates electrically connected to each of the at least one row of positive drive rollers; each of the at least one row of positive contact plates is configured to be electrically connected to at least a portion of at least one of the at least one row of positive electrodes; and

[0023] At least one row of negative contact plates electrically connected to each of the at least one row of negative power rollers; each of the at least one row of negative contact plates is configured to be electrically connected to at least a portion of at least one of the at least one row of negative electrodes;

[0024] A processor for processing soil data collected by the sensor;

[0025] The at least one row of positive-power rollers and the at least one row of positive contact plates are configured to apply the positive current and the positive voltage to a portion of the at least one row of positive electrodes, the portion of the at least one row of positive electrodes being configured to be buried in the soil during the application of the positive current and the positive voltage; and the at least one row of negative-power rollers and the at least one row of negative contact plates are configured to apply the negative current and the negative voltage to a portion of the at least one row of negative electrodes, the portion of the at least one row of negative electrodes being configured to be buried in the soil during the application of the negative current and the negative voltage; and the at least one processor is configured to determine, from the soil data transmitted by the sensor, a value of power suitable for each set of applied power, selected from voltage, current, power levels and any combination thereof required to kill or inactivate at least one type of pathogen; and to instruct the power source to apply the applied power sets to the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the width of the annular belt is 160 cm.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the width of the annular belt is in the range of 50 cm to 800 cm.

[0028] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the length of the annular belt is in the range of 3m to 15m.

[0029] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the annular belt has a length of 6m.

[0030] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the at least one sensor is selected from a humidity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a power level sensor, and any combination thereof.

[0031] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the absolute value of the voltage applicable to all at least one positive electrode and all at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof is in the range of 1000V to 9000V.

[0032] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the absolute value of the voltage applicable to all at least one positive electrode and all at least one negative electrode is 3000V.

[0033] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power level applicable to all of the at least one positive electrode and all of the at least one negative electrode is in the range of 20,000 W to 60,000 W.

[0034] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power level applicable to all at least one positive electrode and all at least one negative electrode is in the range of 30,000 W to 50,000 W.

[0035] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power level applicable to all at least one positive electrode and all at least one negative electrode is 50,000 W.

[0036] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the absolute value of the current applicable to all at least one positive electrode and all at least one negative electrode is in the range of 1A to 10A.

[0037] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the absolute value of the current applicable to all at least one positive electrode and all at least one negative electrode is in the range of 5A to 8A.

[0038] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, which also includes at least one circuit breaker.

[0039] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, which also includes a controller.

[0040] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the controller is configured to display electrode voltage, load current, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil conductivity, track plate temperature, electrode temperature, generator overload condition, transformer overload condition, and any combination thereof. Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the controller is configured to provide at least one alarm.

[0041] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described, wherein the at least one alarm is selected from alarms regarding the presence of a fault, alarms regarding the nature of a fault, alarms regarding the location of a fault in the system, alarms regarding the probability of a fault, alarms regarding overload, alarms regarding electrical faults, alarms regarding short circuits, alarms regarding power supply faults, alarms regarding transformer faults, and any combination thereof.

[0042] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein at least one of the following is true:

[0043] a. At least one component of the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode is configured to be heated to a temperature of at least 200 degrees Celsius;

[0044] b. The soil data are selected from moisture, temperature, electrical conductivity, and any combination thereof;

[0045] c. At least two of the track plates in the link have flexible connecting rods;

[0046] d. The motorized tracked vehicle is configured to operate in a manner selected from manual, autonomous, and any combination thereof; and

[0047] e. The motorized tracked vehicle is configured to be remotely controlled.

[0048] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein a component of the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode, the at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof is configured to be heated by a method selected from induction heating, resistance heating, arc heating, dielectric heating and any combination thereof.

[0049] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein a component of the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode, the at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof is configured to be heated by induction heating.

[0050] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the components of the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode, the at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof include pin electrodes or stud electrodes that protrude substantially vertically outward from the track plate.

[0051] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described, wherein the length of the component in the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode, the at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof is 30 cm.

[0052] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the length of the components in the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode, the at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof is in the range of 15 cm to 50 cm.

[0053] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the diameter of the component in the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode, the at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof is 5 cm.

[0054] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the diameter of the components in the group consisting of the at least one positive electrode, the at least one negative electrode and any combination thereof is in the range of 1 cm to 10 cm.

[0055] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the center-to-center distance between electrodes in one row and electrodes in adjacent rows is in the range of 3 cm to 30 cm.

[0056] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the center-to-center distance between the electrode and the next towed electrode is in the range of 3 cm to 30 cm.

[0057] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power source comprises at least one generator and at least one power unit.

[0058] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the at least one generator produces power at 220VAC.

[0059] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the at least one power unit generates power at a power level of 5000W.

[0060] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power unit outputs power in the range of 2000W and 10000W.

[0061] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power unit outputs power in the range of 3000W to 6000W.

[0062] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power unit outputs 5000W.

[0063] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the motorized tracked vehicle includes a plurality of rollers.

[0064] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein a plurality of propulsion rollers and the annular belt are configured to form a tracked tread.

[0065] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein at least one motor is configured to rotate the at least one roller.

[0066] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the motorized tracked vehicle is independent or configured to be attached to another vehicle.

[0067] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the attachment includes an electrical connection via a power take-off (PTO).

[0068] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land is selected from land in an open area or an enclosed space.

[0069] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land in the open area is selected from: fields, arable land, agricultural land, farmland, pasture, ranch, grassland, shrubland, nursery, orchard, garden, lawn, woodland, afforestation, sports field, arable land, plantation, slope protection, green edge, land requiring restoration, and any combination thereof.

[0070] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land to be repaired is selected from: land to be removed from plant-destructive pathogens, land to be removed from animal-destructive pathogens, land to be removed from chemicals, and any combination thereof.

[0071] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land in the enclosed space is selected from: barns, greenhouses, livestock pens, pigeon houses, soil for indoor remediation, and any combination thereof.

[0072] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the soil used for indoor remediation is selected from soil from vertical tillage operations, soil from greenhouses, and any combination thereof.

[0073] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a dragging device for electro-sterilizing soil. The dragging device includes: (a) a power source configured to generate high voltage; and (b) an electrode assembly further comprising a base frame and at least two electrodes mounted therein and capable of being inserted into the soil; the electrodes are electrically connected to the high-voltage power source such that the high voltage is applied between the at least two frame electrodes. At least one of the electrodes is reciprocating relative to the base frame in the direction of dragging the device.

[0074] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a towing device as described above, wherein at least two frame electrodes are frame-shaped and include a top rod and a bottom rod oriented along the towing direction, and a plurality of plate-shaped plow members mounted between and perpendicular to the top rod and the bottom rod.

[0075] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a tractor as described above: wherein the plate-shaped plow member is mounted at an angle ranging from 5° to 90° relative to the tracting direction.

[0076] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a tractor as described above, wherein the power supply is configured to generate at least one of AC high voltage and DC high voltage.

[0077] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a towing device as described above, wherein the length L of the frame electrode along the towing direction is between 30 cm and 90 cm.

[0078] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a tractor as described above, wherein the height H of the frame-shaped electrode is between 15 cm and 60 cm.

[0079] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a tractor as described above, wherein the distance D between the plate-shaped plow members within the frame-shaped electrode ranges from 4 cm to 10 cm.

[0080] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle for traveling on land, comprising:

[0081] At least one annular track in mechanical contact with at least one roller, the at least one annular track comprising a plurality of linked track plates;

[0082] At least one sensor for detecting soil data, said sensor being mounted on the vehicle;

[0083] At least two electrodes are mounted on each of the at least one annular track for applying current and voltage to the soil;

[0084] A processor for processing soil data collected by the sensors; and

[0085] A power source for supplying the current and voltage to the at least two electrodes;

[0086] Each of the at least two electrodes is pin-shaped or nail-shaped, and each track plate includes at least one of the soil-penetrating pin-shaped or nail-shaped electrodes protruding substantially vertically and outwardly from the track plate. The at least one processor is configured to determine, from the soil data transmitted by the sensors, a value of power suitable for each set of applied power required to kill or inactivate at least one type of pathogen, the power set of applied power being selected from voltage, current, power level, and any group thereof; and to instruct the power source to apply the applied power set to the at least two electrodes.

[0087] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein all the annular tracks in at least one annular track have a width in the range of 50 cm to 3 m.

[0088] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein all of the annular tracks in at least one annular track have a width of 1.2m.

[0089] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein at least one annular track has a length in the range of 3m to 15m.

[0090] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein at least one annular track has a length of 6m.

[0091] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the at least one sensor is selected from: a humidity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a power level sensor, and any combination thereof.

[0092] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the voltage applicable to all of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 1000V to 9000V.

[0093] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the voltage applicable to all at least all two electrodes is 3000V.

[0094] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power level applicable to all of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 20,000 W to 60,000 W.

[0095] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power level applicable to all of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 30,000 W to 50,000 W.

[0096] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power level applicable to all of the at least two electrodes is 50,000 W.

[0097] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the current applicable to all of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 1A to 10A.

[0098] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the current applicable to all of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 5A to 8A.

[0099] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, which also includes at least one circuit breaker.

[0100] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, which also includes a controller.

[0101] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the controller is configured to display electrode voltage, load current, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil conductivity, track plate temperature, electrode temperature, generator overload status, transformer overload status, and any combination thereof.

[0102] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the controller is configured to provide at least one alarm.

[0103] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein at least one alarm is selected from: an alarm about the presence of a fault, an alarm about the nature of a fault, an alarm about the location of a fault in the system, an alarm about the probability of a fault, an overload alarm, an electrical fault alarm, a short circuit alarm, a power supply fault alarm, a transformer fault alarm, and any combination thereof.

[0104] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described, wherein at least one of the following is true:

[0105] a. At least one of the at least two electrodes is configured to be heated to a temperature of at least 200 degrees Celsius;

[0106] b. The soil data are selected from moisture, temperature, electrical conductivity, and any combination thereof;

[0107] c. At least two of the track plates in the link have flexible connecting rods;

[0108] d. The pin-shaped electrode can be reversibly attached to the track plate;

[0109] e. The motorized tracked vehicle is configured to operate manually, autonomously, or in any combination thereof; and

[0110] f. The motorized tracked vehicle is configured to be remotely controlled.

[0111] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein each of the at least two electrodes is configured to be heated by a method selected from induction heating, resistance heating, arc heating, dielectric heating, and any combination thereof.

[0112] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein each of the at least two electrodes is configured to be heated by induction heating.

[0113] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the pin electrode is 30 cm in length.

[0114] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the length of the pin electrode is in the range of 15 cm to 50 cm.

[0115] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the diameter of the pin electrode is 5 cm.

[0116] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the diameter of the pin-shaped electrode is in the range of 1 cm to 10 cm.

[0117] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the distance between the outer edge of one of the at least two electrodes and the outer edge of the adjacent electrode of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 1 cm to 15 cm.

[0118] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the distance between the outer edge of one of the at least two electrodes and the outer edge of the adjacent electrode of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 2 cm to 10 cm.

[0119] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the distance between the outer edge of one of the at least two electrodes and the outer edge of the adjacent electrode of the at least two electrodes is in the range of 4 cm to 5 cm.

[0120] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the width of the track plates is in the range of 10 cm to 50 cm.

[0121] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the track plates have a width of 20 cm.

[0122] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the track plates have a length ranging from 10 cm to 50 cm.

[0123] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the track plates have a length of 20 cm.

[0124] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power source comprises at least one generator and at least one power unit.

[0125] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the at least one generator produces power at 220VAC.

[0126] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the at least one power unit generates power at a power level of 5000W.

[0127] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power unit outputs power in the range of 2000W and 10000W.

[0128] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power unit outputs power in the range of 3000W to 6000W.

[0129] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the power unit outputs 5000W.

[0130] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the motorized tracked vehicle comprises a plurality of rollers.

[0131] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the plurality of rollers and the annular track are configured to form a tracked tread.

[0132] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein at least one motor is configured to rotate the at least one roller.

[0133] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the motorized tracked vehicle is independent or configured to be attached to another vehicle.

[0134] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the attachment includes an electrical connection via a power take-off (PTO).

[0135] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land is selected from land in an open area or an enclosed space.

[0136] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land in the open area is selected from: fields, arable land, agricultural land, farmland, pasture, ranch, grassland, shrubland, nursery, orchard, garden, lawn, woodland, afforestation, sports field, arable land, plantation, slope protection, green edge, land requiring restoration, and any combination thereof.

[0137] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land to be repaired is selected from: land to be removed from plant-destructive pathogens, land to be removed from animal-destructive pathogens, land to be removed from chemicals, and any combination thereof.

[0138] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the land in the enclosed space is selected from: barns, greenhouses, livestock pens, pigeon houses, soil for indoor remediation, and any combination thereof.

[0139] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a motorized tracked vehicle as described above, wherein the soil used for indoor remediation is selected from soil from vertical tillage operations, soil from greenhouses, and any combination thereof.

[0140] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method for disinfecting soil, the method comprising the following steps:

[0141] Obtain a motorized tracked vehicle for land travel, comprising:

[0142] At least one annular track that is in mechanical contact with at least one roller, said at least one annular track comprising a plurality of linked track plates;

[0143] At least one sensor for detecting soil data, said sensor being mounted on the vehicle;

[0144] At least two electrodes, mounted on the at least one annular track, are used to apply current and voltage to the soil;

[0145] A processor for processing soil data collected by the sensors; and

[0146] A power source, which provides the current and the voltage to the at least two electrodes; and

[0147] Operate the aforementioned motorized tracked vehicle;

[0148] Each of the at least two electrodes is pin-shaped or nail-shaped, and each track plate includes at least one of the soil-penetrating pin-shaped or nail-shaped electrodes that protrude substantially vertically and outwardly from the track plate. The at least one processor is configured to determine, from the soil data transmitted by the sensors, a value of power suitable for each set of applied power required to kill or inactivate at least one type of pathogen, the power set of applied power being selected from voltage, current, power level, and any combination thereof; and to instruct the power source to apply the applied power set to the at least two electrodes.

[0149] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a soil sterilizer, the soil sterilizer comprising:

[0150] At least one annular track in mechanical contact with at least one roller, the at least one annular track comprising a plurality of linked track plates;

[0151] At least one sensor for detecting soil data, said sensor being mounted on the vehicle;

[0152] At least one electrode, which is mounted on each of the at least one annular track, is used to apply current and voltage to the soil;

[0153] A processor for processing soil data collected by the sensors; and

[0154] A power source, which provides the current and voltage to the electrodes;

[0155] The electrodes are pin-shaped or nail-shaped, and each track plate includes at least one of the soil-penetrating pin-shaped or nail-shaped electrodes that protrude substantially vertically and outwardly from the track plate. The at least one processor is configured to determine, from the soil data transmitted by the sensors, a value of power suitable for each set of applied power required to kill or inactivate at least one type of pathogen, the power set of applied power being selected from voltage, current, power level, and any combination thereof; and to instruct the power source to apply the applied power set to the at least one electrode. Attached Figure Description

[0156] To better understand the present invention and its implementation in practice, several embodiments will now be described by way of non-limiting example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein...

[0157] Figure 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the system of the present invention;

[0158] Figure 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an annular track comprising multiple track plates linked together, each track plate including multiple electrodes;

[0159] Figure 3 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the track plate and electrodes;

[0160] Figure 4 schematically shows the annular belt forming the track tread;

[0161] Figure 5 schematically shows the annular belt on a single roller;

[0162] Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the soil disinfection process flow diagram;

[0163] Figure 7 schematically illustrates another embodiment, in which an annular belt supports multiple rows of electrodes and rollers, as well as plates, to conduct current and voltage from the generator to the electrodes;

[0164] Figure 8 schematically illustrates the rollers, plate, annular belt, and electrodes of the embodiment of Figure 7;

[0165] Figure 9 schematically shows two rows of plates in the embodiment of Figure 7;

[0166] Figure 10 schematically shows the maximum angle between the annular strip used for the safe entry of the electrode into the soil and the soil;

[0167] Figure 11 is an overall view of the tractor used for electro-sterilization of soil;

[0168] Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the frame-shaped electrode; and

[0169] Figures 13A-13C depict the effect of applied electrical power on plant growth. Detailed Implementation

[0170] The following description, along with all sections of this invention, is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to utilize the invention and to illustrate the best mode of carrying out the invention as contemplated by the inventors. However, various modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as the general principles of the invention have been specifically defined as providing an apparatus and method for destroying microorganisms in soil using voltage.

[0171] This invention discloses an apparatus for disinfection by applying alternating current and voltage (AC), direct current and voltage (DC), or both AC and DC current and voltage to soil. The current and voltage, AC, DC, or both, are applied via electrodes inserted into the soil. In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus is a motor vehicle. In a preferred embodiment, rod-shaped, nail-shaped, or pin-shaped electrodes are mounted on and protrude from the vehicle's rollers, such that the area of ​​soil to be disinfected advances sequentially in the direction of the rollers as they move across the soil. In some embodiments of the invention, the aforementioned nail-shaped, rod-shaped, or pin-shaped electrodes are arranged on the rollers such that they provide gripping of the soil surface as the rollers move forward.

[0172] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rollers are provided with track plates, and in other embodiments, a plurality of rollers are arranged sequentially to operatively contact the chassis of the vehicle. In other embodiments, the track plates are linked to an annular track, which is arranged in a "can-like" configuration above the rollers for travel.

[0173] Soil disinfection can be carried out in open areas or enclosed spaces. Open areas can be, but are not limited to, fields, arable land, agricultural land, farmland, pasture, ranch, grassland, shrubland, nurseries, orchards, gardens, lawns, woodlands, afforestation, sports fields, arable land, plantations, slope protection, greenbelt edges, soil requiring remediation, and any combination thereof. Remediation can be the removal of plant-destructive pathogens, animal-destructive pathogens, chemicals, and any combination thereof. Enclosed spaces can be barns, greenhouses, livestock pens, pigeon lofts, and any combination thereof. Soil requiring remediation can also be treated in indoor environments. As a non-limiting example, soil from vertical tillage operations or from greenhouses can be transferred to a treatment center where it is disinfected. This treatment can be carried out indoors to prevent accidental spread of pathogens.

[0174] Greenhouse disinfection can be performed via electrodes mounted on tracked plates attached to at least one roller, or via electrodes mounted on a fixed support, which may be movable but not movable when the electrodes are embedded in the soil. Preferably, the fixed support can be raised and lowered, allowing the electrodes to be inserted into or removed from the soil within the greenhouse. In some embodiments, the fixed support is shaped and sized such that the electrodes can be reversibly lowered into a soil bed within the greenhouse. In some embodiments, the electrodes are not in contact with the ground, and the fixed support can be moved from one part of the greenhouse to another, or from one soil bed to another.

[0175] The distance between electrodes can be optimized based on the type of soil to be disinfected.

[0176] The electrode has a generally similar cross-section from its proximal end adjacent to the base of the track plate to its distal end furthest from the base of the track plate. The electrode does not need to have a horizontal extension in any part of the electrode body or at its distal end. For non-limiting examples, the pin-shaped electrode can be conical, nail-shaped, truncated cone-shaped, cylindrical, with a sharp end, or knife-shaped.

[0177] Figure 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment (3000) of this system. In this type of embodiment, a tractor (2800) including a power take-off (PTO) (2850) is electrically connected to a generator (2600) via the PTO. The generator (2600) is electrically connected to multiple power sources (2500); in the schematic diagram of Figure 1, only five power sources (2500) are shown for clarity. The power sources (2500) are voltage and current stabilized and also function as transformers, with their output voltage greater than their input voltage. The power sources (2500) are electrically connected to a disinfection unit.

[0178] The system can be towed by a tractor, as shown in Figure 1, or it can be independent. If independent, it can operate autonomously or via remote control.

[0179] As discussed below, the disinfection unit may include a motor to propel the disinfection unit, the disinfection unit may lack a motor and may be moved by a tractor or another external power source, or the disinfection unit may be stationary, for example, a disinfection unit for a fixed location, such as, but not limited to, the interior of a building, such as a barn or greenhouse.

[0180] The system includes: at least one sensor for measuring at least one of soil moisture, soil electrical conductivity, and soil temperature; at least one generator configured to generate power with predetermined current and voltage; a processor for controlling the current and voltage generated by the at least one generator, the values ​​of which depend on the measured parameters; and a set of electrodes for delivering power with current, voltage, and power values ​​determined by the processor. For example, dry soil, which typically has high resistance, would require a higher current for sterilization compared to soil with lower resistance (such as wet soil).

[0181] As shown in Figure 2, the disinfection unit typically includes an annular track (1200). In this embodiment, the track includes a plurality of track plates (1100). Typically, the track plates (1100) are flexibly linked to each other at least in the longitudinal direction (black arrow) and preferably also in the transverse direction (white arrow), such that the angle between adjacent track plates (1100) can change as the annular track (1200) rotates.

[0182] As shown in Figure 3, each track plate (1100) includes at least one electrode (1110), and preferably includes multiple electrodes (1110). Preferably, each electrode (1110) is attached to the track plate (1100) at its distal end. Typically, each track plate (1100) is attached with multiple electrodes (1110), which are arranged in rows (1112A, 1112B, 1112C), and these rows are preferably staggered to ensure complete soil coverage by power.

[0183] The electrode (1110) is typically about 30 cm long, and the electrode length can range from 15 cm to 50 cm.

[0184] The electrode (1110) typically has a diameter of about 5 cm at its distal end, with the diameter being particularly dependent on the strength of the electrode material. The electrode (1110) needs to be strong enough to not bend or break when inserted into or removed from hardened soil. The electrode (1110) is typically made of hardened steel or any conductive material that, among other properties, is resistant to wear and fracture.

[0185] The edge-to-edge distance (1112) (open space) between electrodes (1110) is preferably between 1 cm and 15 cm, more preferably between 2 cm and 10 cm, and even more preferably about 4 cm to 5 cm.

[0186] Track plates (1100) are usually approximately square, about 20cm x 20cm, but the width can vary from about 10cm to about 50cm, and the length can vary from about 10cm to about 1m.

[0187] Preferably, the electrode (1110) is reversibly attached to the track plate (1200), so that damaged or other unsatisfactory electrodes (1110) can be replaced.

[0188] The annular track (1200) is typically mounted on at least one roller, which allows the annular track (1200) to move around the periphery of a single roller or around a track defined by the outer edge of a set of rollers.

[0189] Figure 4 shows an exemplary schematic diagram of embodiment (2100), wherein the annular track (1200) is a track-type tread mounted on a plurality of rollers (1130, 1180). In this track-type embodiment, the large rollers (1130) support the weight of the device, while the small rollers (1180) control the vertical displacement of the annular track between the large rollers (1130) and provide the prime mover to drive the annular track (1200). For simplicity, the electrodes (1110) are schematically shown, but the joints between the individual track plates are not shown.

[0190] Figure 5 shows an exemplary schematic diagram of an embodiment (2200) in which an annular track (1200) is mounted on a single roller (1130). For simplicity, the electrode (1110) is shown schematically, but the joints between the individual track plates are not shown.

[0191] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes means that enable the system to traverse the ground without the electrodes contacting the ground. Typically, such embodiments include an auxiliary wheel assembly without electrodes and means for raising the rollers and annular track or lowering the auxiliary wheels so that the electrodes do not contact the ground.

[0192] At least one roller may be unpowered, its rotation caused by the forward movement of the system, or at least one roller may be powered, wherein the forward movement of the system is caused at least in part by power applied to the annular track (1200).

[0193] During use, the part of the annular track (1200) in contact with the soil is fixed; when the annular track (1200) moves forward, the electrode (1110) in the last track plate (1100) in contact with the soil is pulled out of the soil, and the electrode (1110) of the row of track plates (1100) adjacent to the first set of track plates (1200) currently in the soil is pushed into the soil.

[0194] The annular track (1200) is typically about 6m long and about 1.2m wide. The length can range from 3m to 15m, and the width can range from 50cm to 3m. Preferably, the annular track (1200) is at least as wide as the at least one roller.

[0195] The annular track and preferably at least one roller should have very high mechanical resistance to avoid breakage or damage during use, and should be resistant to harsh surface conditions such as soil roughness, humidity, and extreme temperatures. (Outdoor soil temperatures can vary between about -20 degrees Celsius and about 50 degrees Celsius; more typically, the system can operate at temperatures between about 0 degrees Celsius and about 40 degrees Celsius).

[0196] Typically, the disinfection unit has at least two annular tracks, at least one of which is positively polarized and at least one of which is negatively polarized. In some embodiments, at least one longitudinal joint between the two rows of track plates is insulated, such that at least one longitudinal segment comprising the entire length of the annular track is positively polarized, while at least one other longitudinal segment of the annular track, also comprising the entire length of the annular track, is negatively polarized.

[0197] The generator, electrically connected to the PTO of the tractor, is configured to produce approximately 20,000 W to 60,000 W, preferably 30,000 W to 50,000 W, and more preferably approximately 50,000 W, at approximately 220 VAC. The power from the generator is preferably voltage- and current-stable, wherein the aforementioned stability is controlled by a motor rotation controller.

[0198] In these embodiments, the system also includes at least one power supply and transformer configured to output approximately 3000V of power, wherein the generator output is in the range of approximately 800V to approximately 10000V.

[0199] In a preferred embodiment, the power generated by the generator is distributed to five power sources, which are stable in voltage and current. The power sources are controlled according to soil conditions (such as, but not limited to, soil moisture and electrical conductivity), wherein the current and voltage output by the power sources are variable to ensure consistent soil disinfection across a wide range of soil conditions.

[0200] The processor is configured to input at least one signal from at least one sensor, and in some embodiments, other data, such as, but not limited to, the speed of the tractor and at least one command from a control unit in the tractor, and to determine, based on the at least one sensor signal and at least one other data (if present), to output current, voltage, and power to be applied to at least two electrodes to a generator, transformer, or any combination thereof. The processor is also configured to execute at least one set of instructions, including at least one instruction for controlling the treatment of a portion of the soil. One or more of the instructions are selected from the group consisting of: a start instruction for changing the system from an inactive state (no power applied to the electrodes, room temperature electrodes, no power applied to the units of the forward propulsion system, etc.) to an active state (power at predetermined voltage, current, and power levels, electrodes under predetermined temperature conditions, soil under predetermined temperature conditions, and at least one unit of the forward propulsion system with predetermined power or speed), maintaining a predetermined active state for a predetermined time, maintaining a predetermined active state for a predetermined distance, changing the active state to another active state, and changing the system from an active state to an inactive state.

[0201] Command sets can be received from the controller in the driver's cab or stored in a database. It should be noted that a command can be "a given command set stored in the database to be executed".

[0202] In a preferred embodiment, all control data is displayed by the controller, allowing the user to maintain complete control over the system.

[0203] In a preferred variant of an embodiment having more than one power unit, the controller is also configured to determine which power unit(s) is used to power the electrodes and the amount of power supplied by each unit, all power unit parameters being changeable based on the total power required at any given time and the operating characteristics of each power unit, such as, but not limited to, the maximum power (power level, current, and voltage) that can be supplied by the power unit, the fraction of the maximum power (power level, current, and voltage) utilized, the temperature of the power unit, and any combination thereof.

[0204] In some embodiments, the system includes a controller configured to be mounted in the tractor cab, the controller being configured to display electrode voltage, load current, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil conductivity, track temperature, electrode temperature, generator overload status, transformer overload status, and any combination thereof. The controller is also configured to accept usage inputs of electrode voltage, load current, power, and any combination thereof to be applied to the electrodes; activate and deactivate the system; clear generator overload status; clear transformer overload status; and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the controller is also configured to automatically perform: setting the electrode voltage applied to the electrodes, setting the load current, setting the power, and any combination thereof; activating and deactivating the system; clearing generator overload status; clearing transformer overload status; and any combination thereof.

[0205] In some embodiments, the system is configured as a stand-alone unit. In such embodiments, the system does not require a tractor or other prime mover; all prime mover power is applied via annular tracks. In some variations of such embodiments, the system may be user-controlled, with commands and other inputs fed into the system, and alarms, warnings, conditions, and other system outputs received from and delivered to the user as described above. In some variations of such embodiments, the system is autonomous, providing a set of instructions that set parameters for the disinfection process and the area to be disinfected, wherein the system thereafter operates autonomously without further user input. In some variations of the autonomous system, alarms may be provided in cases of malfunction, critical malfunction, emergency, and any combination thereof.

[0206] Power unit

[0207] The power unit includes at least one generator and at least one power source.

[0208] The generator is configured to supply a total power of at least 20,000 W, preferably 50,000 W, and in some embodiments 60,000 W under 220VAC conditions.

[0209] In some embodiments, the power unit includes a plurality of power supplies, each configured to deliver 5000W under 220VAC conditions.

[0210] The power source can be part of the tractor, a separate power source, or any combination thereof.

[0211] Any generator can have inputs from tractor power, independent power, or any combination thereof.

[0212] Preferably, the independent power source will be tractor-driven, although some embodiments may have at least one generator electrically connected to at least one of the following: an independently movable power source, a power source tractor-driven by an independently movable unit (such as, but not limited to, another tractor), and a stationary power source.

[0213] Preferably, when the disinfection unit is pulled, the generator is pulled by the same tractor. However, in a less preferred embodiment, at least one generator can be moved independently, towed by an independently movable unit (such as, but not limited to, another tractor), and fixed in place.

[0214] The processor can also be configured to determine the system speed by inputting the speed of the tractor and setting the system's forward speed to be equal to the tractor's forward speed, or vice versa.

[0215] The processor can also be configured to determine that a mechanical fault exists in at least a portion of the system. In such an embodiment, the processor can perform at least one of the following: alerting the user to the existence of the fault, alerting the user to the nature of the fault, alerting the user to the location of the fault in the system, and placing at least a portion of the system into an inactive state.

[0216] In some embodiments, the processor may also be configured to provide alarms based on sensor input, usage time, etc., to provide a probability of failure.

[0217] In a preferred embodiment, as a non-limiting example, the annular track and at least one roller can be raised or lowered by an integrated hydraulic, mechanical, or pneumatic system, thereby enabling the system to move without the electrodes contacting the ground.

[0218] In a preferred embodiment, the system includes at least one circuit breaker for the system. Alternatively or additionally, a separate power supply may have a circuit breaker, and the transformer and the ring track may also have circuit breakers.

[0219] Figure 6 illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a flowchart (3000) for a soil disinfection unit. When the system is activated, the generator starts (3005) and the PTO is activated (3010), allowing the generator (power source) to deliver 50,000 W of power (3015) to the electrodes at 220 VAC. The power source converts (3020) the 220 VAC to approximately 3,000 VAC under the 50,000 W condition. The processor inputs (3030) the soil properties measured (3035) by the sensors and calculates the voltage required for disinfection. This voltage is then sent to the conversion unit (3020), which applies (3025) it to the electrodes of the annular track in the disinfection unit of the system.

[0220] In some embodiments, the electrodes may be heated to a temperature of at least 200 degrees Celsius. Typically, the electrodes are heated by induction heating, but any conventional heating method known in the art may be used, such as resistance heating, arc heating, and dielectric heating as non-limiting examples. Any combination of heating methods may be used.

[0221] Figure 7 illustrates another embodiment (3000) of the system of the present invention with an annular track. In this embodiment, the annular track comprises an annular belt (3200) of flexible or semi-flexible material, which can be moved by a propulsion roller (2130). Electrodes (1110) are mounted in the belt (3200) and extend outwards; the electrodes (1110) pass through the annular belt (3200) such that the top of the electrodes (1110) can make electrical contact with a drive roller (3190). As in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3 above, there are multiple rows of electrodes (1110), preferably an even number of rows. The electrodes (1110) in adjacent rows can be staggered, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 above, or they can be aligned.

[0222] As disclosed above, the power roller (3190) is electrically connected to a power source (2500, not shown, see Figure 1 above) and a generator (2600, not shown, see Figure 1 above) via two sets of tension rollers (3195), one set having a positive polarity and supplying a positive contact plate (3120) and a positive electrode (3110), and the other set having a negative polarity and supplying a negative contact plate (2120) and a negative electrode (3110).

[0223] The annular tape (3100) may comprise rubber, flexible or semi-flexible polymers, metals for reinforcement, and any combination thereof. The annular tape (3100) is insulating, such that virtually no current flows through it.

[0224] Figure 8 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a device for transmitting current and voltage from a power source (2500, not shown, see Figure 1 above) and a generator (2600, not shown, see Figure 1 above) to the ground. For clarity, these parts are shown as separate; in reality, they are in contact during use. A drive roller (3190) contacts a fixed contact plate (3120) to improve contact between the drive roller (3190) and the electrode. Passing through and mounted on an annular belt (3100) is the electrode (1110). The annular belt (3100) moves when driven by a drive roller (3130) (white arrow), and thus moves the electrode (1110) below the contact plate (3120). The electrode (1110) below the contact plate (3120) conducts current and voltage to the ground, thereby sterilizing it.

[0225] At least a portion of the surface of the power roller (3190) comprises metal or other conductive material, such that the power roller (3190) conducts electricity from a power source (2500, not shown, see Figure 1 above) and a generator (2600, not shown, see Figure 1 above) to a contact plate (3120) comprising conductive material. In a preferred embodiment, the power roller (3190) and the contact plate (3120) primarily comprise conductive metal, typically iron or steel, but any conductive metal may be used.

[0226] The electrode (1110) comprises a conductive material, as disclosed above.

[0227] Figure 9 schematically shows a portion of two rows of contact plates (3120). As shown in Figure 9, the alternating rows of contact plates have opposite polarities, so current will flow from one row of contact plates (3120) through the electrode (1110) to at least one adjacent row of contact plates (3120).

[0228] In a preferred embodiment, each row of electrodes has a row of contact plates (3120) and a row of power rollers (3190). In other embodiments, more than one row of electrodes (1110) may be powered by a row of contact plates (3120).

[0229] As schematically shown in Figure 10, the disinfection unit is configured such that the angle θ between the annular strip (3100) and the ground (9000) is less than 30°. This helps prevent damage to the electrodes from hard or stone surfaces.

[0230] In a preferred embodiment, the electrode rows are spaced 8 cm apart; the distance between the electrode rows can be in the range of 3 cm to 30 cm.

[0231] In a preferred embodiment, the electrode and the next drag electrode are spaced 8 cm apart; the distance between the electrode and the next drag electrode can be in the range of 3 cm to 30 cm.

[0232] In a preferred embodiment, the width of the annular belt is 160 cm. The width of the annular belt can range from 50 cm to 800 cm.

[0233] The width of the contact plate can be between 3cm and 60cm, and the length can be between 3cm and 90cm.

[0234] The width of the powered rollers can be between 3cm and 60cm.

[0235] The energization of the soil by the electrode (1110) begins when the electrode (1110) passes under the front edge of the foremost contact plate (3120), and ends when the electrode (1110) emerges from under the rearmost contact plate (3120). The time each electrode (1110) is in the ground depends on the tractor speed and the length of the row of contact plates (3120) that the electrode (1110) passes beneath it. Typically, the time each electrode (1110) is in the ground and energizes the ground is between 5 and 60 seconds.

[0236] The electrode (1110) typically enters the ground before contacting the contact plate (3120). Generally, energization begins approximately 15 seconds after the electrode (1110) has made contact with the ground.

[0237] Typically, the voltage and current will be within the ranges published above.

[0238] Figure 11 shows an overall view of an apparatus including an alternative embodiment of the invention. A tractor (2800) tows a cultivator (4100) configured for mixing and pulverizing soil, followed by the apparatus (4000) of the invention. The apparatus includes a plurality of frame electrodes (4010A, 4010B) connected to a power unit (not shown) such that the non-drilled frame electrodes have opposite polarities. AC and DC power units are within the scope of the invention. At least one of the frame electrodes (4010B) is reciprocating in the towing direction (4020). Mechanical actuators and wiring are not shown. In some embodiments, at least one of the frame electrodes (4010A) is fixed to the apparatus (4000) and is not reciprocating. In some embodiments, all frame electrodes (4010B) are reciprocating.

[0239] Figure 12 shows an enlarged view of the frame electrodes (4010A, 4010B), which are formed by a top rod (4011), a bottom rod (4015), and a plurality of plate-shaped plow members (4013). According to an exemplary embodiment, all elements (4011), (4013), and (4015) are fixed to each other by welding. The plate-shaped plow members (4013) are inclined relative to the pulling direction (4020) at an angle α ranging from 5° to 90°. The distance D between the plate-shaped plow members (4013) within the frame electrodes ranges from 4 cm to 10 cm.

[0240] The reciprocating frame electrode (4010B) is configured such that the current path from the plow-shaped member (4013) on the reciprocating frame electrode (4010B) to the plow-shaped member (4013) on the adjacent frame electrodes (4010A, 4010B) varies as the reciprocating frame electrode (4010B) moves relative to the adjacent frame electrodes (4010A, 4010B). For a non-limiting example, when the reciprocating frame electrode (4010B) is at the beginning of its travel, current will travel from the first plow-shaped member (4013) on the reciprocating frame electrode (4010B) to the first plow-shaped member (4013) on the adjacent frame electrodes (4010A, 4010B), and current will travel from the second plow-shaped member to the second plow-shaped member on the adjacent frame electrode, and so on. When the reciprocating frame electrode (4010B) is at the end of its travel, the current travels from the first plow-shaped member (4013) on the reciprocating frame electrode (4010B) to the second plow-shaped member (4013) on the adjacent frame electrodes (4010A, 4010B), and then from the second plow-shaped member to the third plow-shaped member, and so on. In this way, as the apparatus (4000) moves through the soil, the current path through the soil will change direction, thereby improving the uniformity of disinfection current coverage in the soil.

[0241] Typically, the current and voltage used will be within the ranges disclosed above.

[0242] Example 1

[0243] The efficacy of treatments for killing nematode species has been examined, as nematodes are a key pest of many common crops, such as, but not limited to, citrus, banana, barley, legumes, lettuce, potatoes, melons, strawberries, and tomatoes.

[0244] As shown in Table 1, initial experiments have demonstrated the current and voltage levels required to reliably kill nematodes.

[0245] Soil moisture and temperature were measured before and after treatment to maximize the efficiency of the disinfection process. Soil preparation was identical for all five experiments.

[0246] It can be seen that at least 1000V is required to kill nematodes under a current of approximately 4.6A. The optimal exposure time is four separate exposures, each lasting approximately 10 seconds.

[0247] Table 1

[0248] The killing effect of different currents, voltages and exposure times on nematodes in soil

[0249]

[0250]

[0251] Example 2

[0252] The effects of different exposure times on plant growth were studied.

[0253] Figures 13A-13C show the results of the growth test. The plants were planted in soil containing a predetermined concentration of nematodes, a concentration known to be sufficient to inhibit plant growth.

[0254] Figure 13A shows the growth of control plants that were not exposed to current or voltage. Figure 13B shows the growth of plants exposed to predetermined current and voltage at predetermined power for a short period of time, with the voltage, current, and power selected to effectively kill nematodes. Figure 13C shows the growth of plants exposed to the same predetermined current and voltage as the plants in Figure 13B for a longer period of time.

[0255] The control plants in Figure 13A were not exposed to electricity. These control plants were found to be stunted, with sparse leaves and smooth, undeveloped roots. They were the smallest, with the fewest leaves and the least root development. The plants in Figure 13B, with short-term exposure, showed significantly more root development than the plants in Figure 13A. The plants in Figure 13B were larger and had more leaves. The plants in Figure 13C, with long-term exposure, showed almost twice as much root development as the plants in Figure 13B. The plants in Figure 13C were significantly larger than the plants in Figure 13B, had significantly more leaves, and appeared more mature than those in Figure 13B, which also appeared more mature than the plants in Figure 13A.

[0256] Example 3

[0257] The effects of different exposure times on the disinfection of different soil types were studied.

[0258] It is well known that soil can have different moisture contents at different times, and different types of soil retain moisture in different ways. Since water is a conductor, the resistance of soil will depend on the soil type and soil moisture content. Because P = IV = I... 2 R, where P is the applied power, I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance. For a constant total power applied to the soil, the applied current and voltage will depend on the soil resistance R, and therefore on the soil type and soil moisture.

[0259] For the tests shown in Table 2, a total power of 2500W was applied to the soil. Two exposure times were used: a short exposure of 6 seconds and a long exposure of 12 seconds. The soil types were medium-grained soil and sandy soil.

[0260] The resistivity of medium-density soil is greater than that of sandy soil because the current in medium-density soil is lower than that in sandy soil for both short-term and long-term exposure. For both soil types, the current for long-term exposure is greater than that for short-term exposure, indicating that the soil exposed for long-term exposure is wetter than the soil exposed for short-term exposure.

[0261] The untreated control showed no disinfection. The treated soils showed excellent disinfection for both soil types and both exposure times, exceeding 90% for all treated soils. As expected, disinfection was even better for longer exposure times.

[0262] Table 2

[0263] Study on the effects of different currents and exposure times on the disinfection effects of different soil types

[0264]

[0265] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. All means or steps plus functional elements in the following claims are intended to include any structure, material, action, and equivalents for performing a function in conjunction with other claimed elements as specifically claimed.

[0266] The invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles and practical application of the invention and to enable those skilled in the art to understand various embodiments of the invention with various modifications suitable for the intended particular use.

Claims

1. A tractor for electro-sterilizing soil in land, the tractor comprising: A power source, configured to generate high voltage; An electrode device includes a base frame and at least two frame electrodes mounted therein and capable of being inserted into the soil; each of the frame electrodes includes a top rod, a bottom rod, and a plurality of plate-shaped plow members mounted between and perpendicular to the top rod and the bottom rod; the frame electrodes are electrically connected to a high-voltage power supply such that the high voltage is applied between the at least two frame electrodes. At least one of the frame electrodes is capable of reciprocating relative to the base frame in the direction of dragging the device, and at least one of the frame electrodes is dragged through the soil.

2. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least two frame electrodes is frame-shaped, wherein the top rod and the bottom rod are oriented along the drag direction.

3. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plate-shaped plow component is installed at an angle between 5° and 90° relative to the pulling direction.

4. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply is configured to generate at least one of AC high voltage and DC high voltage.

5. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length L of the frame-shaped electrode along the dragging direction ranges between 30 cm and 90 cm.

6. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height H of the frame-shaped electrode ranges from 15cm to 60cm.

7. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance D between the plate-shaped plow members within the frame-shaped electrode ranges from 4 cm to 10 cm.

8. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one sensor, which is selected from: humidity sensor, conductivity sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor, power level sensor and any combination thereof.

9. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The applicable voltage for all at least two frame electrodes is 3000V, or in the range of 1000V to 9000V.

10. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power level applicable to all of the at least two frame electrodes is 50,000 W, or in the range of 20,000 W to 60,000 W, or in the range of 30,000 W to 50,000 W.

11. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The applicable current for all at least two frame electrodes is in the range of 1A to 10A, or in the range of 5A to 8A.

12. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one circuit breaker.

13. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the controller.

14. The tractor according to claim 13, characterized in that, The controller is configured to display electrode voltage, load current, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil conductivity, track plate temperature, electrode temperature, generator overload status, transformer overload status, and any combination thereof.

15. The tractor according to claim 13, characterized in that, The controller is configured to provide at least one alarm.

16. The tractor according to claim 15, characterized in that, The at least one alarm is selected from: alarms about the existence of a fault, alarms about the nature of a fault, alarms about the location of a fault in the system, alarms about the probability of a fault, overload alarms, electrical fault alarms, short circuit alarms, power supply fault alarms, transformer fault alarms, and any combination thereof.

17. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power source includes at least one generator and at least one power unit.

18. The tractor according to claim 17, characterized in that, The at least one generator produces 220VAC power.

19. The tractor according to claim 17, characterized in that, The at least one power unit generates power at a power level of 5000W.

20. The tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The land is selected from land in open areas or enclosed spaces.

21. The tractor according to claim 20, characterized in that, The land in the open area is selected from: agricultural land, pasture, grassland, orchard, garden, woodland, sports field, slope protection, land requiring restoration, and any combination thereof.

22. The tractor according to claim 21, characterized in that, The land to be restored is selected from: land that needs to be free of plant-destructive pathogens, land that needs to be free of animal-destructive pathogens, land that needs to be free of chemicals, and any combination thereof.

23. The tractor according to claim 20, characterized in that, The land in the enclosed space is soil used for indoor remediation.

24. The tractor according to claim 22, characterized in that, The soil used for indoor remediation is selected from: soil from vertical tillage operations, soil from greenhouses, barns, livestock pens, pigeon lofts, and any combination thereof.

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