A precision tool micro wear measuring device and measuring method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of precision tool micro wear measuring device and measuring method, belong to diffraction measurement technical field.The present application includes first servo motor, second servo motor, laser, pinhole filter, collimating lens, tool to be measured, first standard tool, tool fixing device, electric coupling device, computer, fixed base, second standard tool, first servo motor, second servo motor are fixedly installed on fixed base, first standard tool is installed on fixed base, laser is installed on first servo motor, tool to be measured, second standard tool and first standard tool are mirror image, electric coupling device is installed on second servo motor, first servo motor, second servo motor are electrically connected with computer, computer is connected with electric coupling device communication;By measuring the gap width formed by different tools, the wear of tool to be measured is obtained, the measurement result with higher accuracy can be obtained, and the space arrangement of industrial production line is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of diffraction measurement technology and relates to a precision tool micro-wear measuring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Precision cutting tools are widely used in CNC machine tools, precision engraving, and other fields. During use, the cutting edge typically develops defects such as wear and settling, which can affect precision machining production. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the wear and other conditions of precision cutting tools to prevent the continued use of defective tools, which could compromise product quality.

[0003] Currently, the main detection methods for defects such as wear on precision cutting tools include: image processing of acquired cutting edge images to identify wear areas. However, this method can only identify crack defects on the tool surface and cannot accurately quantify tool wear or settlement. Furthermore, since the grayscale values ​​of the cutting edge and cracks are not significantly different, some pixels on the cutting edge may be misjudged as cracks, leading to misjudgment of wear. Therefore, the accuracy of precision cutting tool defect judgment by acquiring cutting edge images is relatively low.

[0004] Single-slit diffraction can be used for object measurement. However, in non-contact measurement research using single-slit diffraction, currently only analytical formulas exist for parallel beams incident perpendicularly to the single slit. Therefore, the parallel beam must be incident perpendicularly to the plane of the single slit to be able to perform analytical calculations using these formulas. In actual precision machining processes, factors such as production space and actual production processes may prevent situations where the beam can not be incident perpendicularly to the plane of the single slit. In such cases, the single-slit diffraction measurement device becomes incompatible with the production line, forcing measurements of tool defects to be performed only at designated times, leading to problems such as delayed detection of tool defects.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a precision tool micro-wear measuring device and method that can measure the micro-wear of the tool even when the beam is incident obliquely on the plane of the single slit, so as to overcome the limitations of production space and actual production process on single slit measurement technology and improve the accuracy of measurement results. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the problems in the background technology, this invention proposes a precision tool micro-wear measuring device and method. By using a laser beam obliquely incident on the plane of a single slit, the micro-wear of precision tools can still be measured more accurately. This overcomes the limitations of production space and actual production processes on single-slit measurement technology, improves the compatibility of the single-slit diffraction measurement device with the production line, facilitates the measurement of precision tool wear at any time, and allows for tool replacement at appropriate times, providing a more reliable guarantee for normal production. The wear amount of the tool is obtained by calculating the slit width formed by the first and second standard tools and the slit width formed by the tool to be measured and the first standard tool, and then subtracting the two slit widths.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a precision tool micro-wear measuring device. The measuring device includes a first servo motor 1, a second servo motor 2, a laser 3, a pinhole filter 4, a collimating lens 5, a tool under test 6, a first standard tool 7, a tool fixing device 8, an electro-coupler 9, a computer 10, a fixed base 11, and a second standard tool 12. The first servo motor 1 and the second servo motor 2 are both fixedly mounted on the fixed base 11 via connecting rods. The first standard tool 7 is fixedly mounted on the fixed base 11 via the tool fixing device 8 and the connecting rods. The laser 3 is fixedly mounted on the first servo motor 1. The tool under test 6 and the second standard tool 12 are mirror images of the first standard tool 7 and are fixed and slide on the tool fixing device 8. The electro-coupler 9 is fixedly mounted on the second servo motor 2. The input terminals of the first servo motor 1 and the second servo motor 2 are electrically connected to the output terminal of the computer 10, and the input terminal of the computer 10 is communicatively connected to the output terminal of the electro-coupler 9.

[0008] The laser emitted by the laser 3 passes sequentially through the pinhole filter 4, the collimating lens 5, the gap formed by the test tool 6 or the second standard tool 12 and the first standard tool 7, and then reaches the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9. The laser passes through the gap formed by the test tool 6 or the second standard tool 12 and the first standard tool 7 in an inclined state, and the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9 is perpendicular to the laser.

[0009] Preferably, the laser 3 is a semiconductor laser that emits green light with a center wavelength of 532nm.

[0010] Preferably, the tool fixing device 8 includes a slide rail 801 and a tool holder 802. The tool holder 802 is slidably connected to the slide rail 801. A magnetic strip 803 is installed in the tool holder 802 to attract the tool. A limiting steel ball 804 is installed in the slide rail 801. The first standard tool 7 is fixedly installed on the fixed base 11 through the tool holder 802 and the connecting rod. The tool to be tested 6 and the second standard tool 12 are attracted and fixed on the tool holder 802 by the magnetic strip 803.

[0011] Preferably, the electrical coupling device 9 is a CCD.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention proposes a method for measuring minute wear of precision cutting tools, the method comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) The tool holder 802 of the tool to be tested 6 is fixed by sliding adsorption to be directly above the first standard tool 7. The angle of laser emission of laser 3 and the tilt angle of electro-coupled device 9 are adjusted. Laser 3 is started to emit laser, forming a diffraction pattern on electro-coupled device 9. After receiving the diffraction pattern, computer 10 calculates the magnification β of the diffraction image in computer 10 relative to the diffraction pattern formed by photosensitive surface of electro-coupled device 9 using the formula β=m' / m=n' / n. Where m and n are the length and width of photosensitive surface of electro-coupled device 9, respectively, and m' and n' are the length and width of diffraction image in computer.

[0014] Through formula The actual distance s between the positive and negative dark fringes of the same order in the diffraction pattern formed by the diffraction image in the computer 10 and the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupler 9 is calculated, where A is the distance between the same order dark fringes in the diffraction image in the computer 10 and the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupler 9.

[0015] Through formula The intermediate value x is calculated.

[0016] The gap width b formed between the test tool 6 and the first standard tool 7 is calculated using the formula b = nλL / 2x(cosθ + xsinθ / 2L), where L is the distance between the center of the gap formed between the test tool 6 and the first standard tool 7 and the electrical coupling device 9, θ is the angle between the laser emitted by the laser 3 and the horizontal plane, λ is the wavelength of the laser, and n is the order of the dark fringes in the diffraction pattern.

[0017] (2) The tool holder 802 of the second standard tool 12 is fixed by sliding adsorption to be directly above the first standard tool 7. The angle of laser emission of laser 3 and the tilt angle of electrical coupling device 9 are adjusted to be consistent with those in step 1. The gap width b0 formed between the second standard tool 12 and the first standard tool 7 is calculated according to the formula in step 1.

[0018] (3) The wear amount Δb of the test tool 6 is calculated by the formula Δb=b-b0.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] 1. This invention uses single-slit diffraction to measure the wear of precision cutting tools. It has high accuracy and can measure very small wear amounts. The measuring device is simple and the measuring method is easy to use.

[0021] 2. The laser emitted by the laser of this invention can be incident at an adjustable angle on the plane of the single slit, and can be tilted to the plane of the single slit to measure the minute wear of precision tools. This can overcome the limitations of production space and actual production process on single slit measurement technology, improve the compatibility of single slit diffraction measurement device with production line, expand the application scenarios of single slit diffraction technology, and help to increase the frequency of precision tool wear measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tool fixing device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the series between positive and negative diffraction dark fringes.

[0025] In the figure, 1-first servo motor, 2-second servo motor, 3-laser, 4-pinhole filter, 5-collimating lens, 6-tool under test, 7-first standard tool, 8-tool fixing device, 801-slide rail, 802-tool holder, 803-magnetic strip, 804-limiting steel ball, 9-electric coupling device, 10-computer, 11-fixed base, 12-second standard tool. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1-2As shown, the measuring device includes a first servo motor 1, a second servo motor 2, a laser 3, a pinhole filter 4, a collimating lens 5, a tool under test 6, a first standard tool 7, a tool fixing device 8, an electro-coupler 9, a computer 10, a fixed base 11, and a second standard tool 12. The first servo motor 1 and the second servo motor 2 are both fixedly mounted on the fixed base 11 via connecting rods. The first standard tool 7 is fixedly mounted on the fixed base 11 via the tool fixing device 8 and the connecting rods. The laser 3 is fixedly mounted on the first servo motor 1. The tool under test 6 and the second standard tool 12 are mirror images of the first standard tool 7 and are fixed by the tool fixing device 8 and slide on the tool fixing device 8. The electro-coupler 9 is fixedly mounted on the second servo motor 2. The input terminals of the first servo motor 1 and the second servo motor 2 are electrically connected to the output terminal of the computer 10, and the input terminal of the computer 10 is communicatively connected to the output terminal of the electro-coupler 9.

[0028] The laser emitted by the laser 3 passes sequentially through the pinhole filter 4, the collimating lens 5, the gap formed by the test tool 6 or the second standard tool 12 and the first standard tool 7, and then reaches the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9. The laser passes through the gap formed by the test tool 6 or the second standard tool 12 and the first standard tool 7 in an inclined state, and the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9 is perpendicular to the laser.

[0029] During measurement, the test tool 6 is first slid to be directly above the first standard tool 7, forming a gap between them. The computer 10 controls the operation of the first servo motor 1 and the second servo motor 2, adjusting them to appropriate tilt angles. The computer 10 can view and set the tilt angles of the first and second servo motors 1 and 2, allowing for more precise control. After adjustment, since the laser 3 is mounted on the first servo motor 1 and the electro-coupled device 9 is mounted on the second servo motor 2, the laser beam emitted by the laser 3 is perpendicular to the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9. The laser 3 is then turned on, emitting a laser beam that passes sequentially through the pinhole filter 4, the collimating lens 5, and the gap formed between the test tool 6 and the first standard tool 7. After passing through the gap, the laser beam reaches the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9 and forms a diffraction pattern on the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9. The electro-coupled device 9 transmits the diffraction pattern to the computer 10. Then, keeping the states of the first servo motor 1 and the second servo motor 2 unchanged, the laser 3 is turned off, and the test tool 6 is slid away from directly above the first standard tool 7. The second standard tool 12 is then slid to directly above the first standard tool 7, at which point the second standard tool 12 and the first standard tool 7 form a gap. The laser 3 is turned on again, and the laser emitted by the laser 3 passes sequentially through the pinhole filter 4, the collimating lens 5, and the gap formed between the second standard tool 12 and the first standard tool 7 before reaching the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9 and forming a diffraction pattern on the photosensitive surface of the electro-coupled device 9. The electro-coupled device 9 transmits the diffraction pattern to the computer 10. The computer 10 calculates and analyzes the two diffraction patterns received successively to obtain the wear amount of the test tool 6.

[0030] The laser 3 is a semiconductor laser, which emits green light with a center wavelength of 532nm.

[0031] The tool fixing device 8 includes a slide rail 801 and a tool holder 802. The tool holder 802 is slidably connected to the slide rail 801. A magnetic strip 803 is installed inside the tool holder 802 to attract the tool. A limiting steel ball 804 is installed inside the slide rail 801. The first standard tool 7 is fixedly mounted on the fixed base 11 through the tool holder 802 and the connecting rod. The tool to be tested 6 and the second standard tool 12 are attracted and fixed to the tool holder 802 by the magnetic strip 803. The tool is usually magnetic. Utilizing the magnetic properties of the tool, the magnetic strip 803 attracts the tool to fix it on the tool holder 802. Sliding the tool holder 802 along the slide rail 801 moves the tool. When the tool slides to a suitable position, for example, when the tool to be tested 6 slides directly above the first standard tool 7, the limiting steel ball 804 reminds the operator that the tool to be tested 6 has reached the appropriate position and stops sliding the tool to be tested 6.

[0032] The electrical coupling device 9 is a CCD.

[0033] Example

[0034] In this embodiment, the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupled device has a length and width of m = 5.0 mm and n = 3.7 mm, respectively. The test tool 6 is slid to be directly above the first standard tool 7. Then, the computer 10 is used to adjust the tilt angle of the first servo motor 1 and the second servo motor 2. After completion, the laser 3 is turned on, and the diffraction pattern is obtained in the computer 10. The length and width of the diffraction pattern in the computer 10 are m' = 237.0 mm and n' = 175.2 mm, respectively, and β = 47.4 is calculated.

[0035] In this embodiment, the distance A = 218.2 mm between the diffraction image in computer 10 and the fourth-order dark fringe of the diffraction pattern formed by the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupled device 9, is calculated to be s = 4.60 mm. Then x = 2.30 mm is calculated.

[0036] In this embodiment, L = 1000 mm, θ = 20°, λ = 532 nm, n = 4, and substituting x into the formula, we get b = 0.49 mm.

[0037] Turn off laser 3, slide the test tool 6 away from the position directly above the first standard tool 7, then slide the second standard tool 12 so that it is directly above the first test tool 7, turn on laser 3, and obtain another diffraction pattern. Calculate b0 = 0.38 mm according to the above formula.

[0038] In this embodiment, the wear amount of the tool to be tested is Δb = b - b0 = 0.11 mm.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision cutting tool micro-wear measuring device, characterized in that: The measuring device includes a first servo motor (1), a second servo motor (2), a laser (3), a pinhole filter (4), a collimating lens (5), a tool to be tested (6), a first standard tool (7), a tool fixing device (8), an electrical coupling device (9), a computer (10), a fixed base (11), and a second standard tool (12). The first servo motor (1) and the second servo motor (2) are both fixedly mounted on the fixed base (11) via connecting rods. The first standard tool (7) is fixedly mounted on the fixed base (11) via the tool fixing device (8) and the connecting rods. The laser (3) is fixedly mounted on the first servo motor (1). The test tool (6) and the second standard tool (12) are mirror images of the first standard tool (7). The test tool (6) and the second standard tool (12) are fixed by the tool fixing device (8) and slide on the tool fixing device (8). The electrical coupling device (9) is fixedly mounted on the second servo motor (2). The input terminals of the first servo motor (1) and the second servo motor (2) are electrically connected to the output terminal of the computer (10). The input terminal of the computer (10) is communicatively connected to the output terminal of the electrical coupling device (9). The laser emitted by the laser (3) passes sequentially through the pinhole filter (4), the collimating lens (5), the gap formed by the test tool (6) or the second standard tool (12) and the first standard tool (7), and reaches the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupler (9). The laser passes through the gap formed by the test tool (6) or the second standard tool (12) and the first standard tool (7) in an inclined state, and the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupler (9) is perpendicular to the laser.

2. The precision cutting tool micro-wear measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser (3) is a semiconductor laser, which emits green light with a center wavelength of 532nm.

3. The precision cutting tool micro-wear measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool fixing device (8) includes a slide rail (801) and a tool holder (802). The tool holder (802) is slidably connected to the slide rail (801). A magnetic strip (803) is installed inside the tool holder (802) to attract the tool. A limiting steel ball (804) is installed in the slide rail (801). The first standard tool (7) is fixedly installed on the fixed base (11) through the tool holder (802) and the connecting rod. The tool to be tested (6) and the second standard tool (12) are attracted and fixed on the tool holder (802) through the magnetic strip (803).

4. The precision cutting tool micro-wear measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical coupling device (9) is a CCD.

5. A measurement method using the precision tool micro-wear measuring device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The measurement method includes the following steps: (1) The tool holder (802) that holds the tool to be tested (6) is slidably adsorbed and fixed directly above the first standard tool (7). The angle of laser emission from the laser (3) and the tilt angle of the electro-coupled device (9) are adjusted. The laser (3) is started to emit laser light, forming a diffraction pattern on the electro-coupled device (9). After the computer (10) receives the diffraction pattern, it uses the formula to analyze the laser. The magnification β of the diffraction image in the computer (10) relative to the diffraction pattern formed by the photosensitive surface of the electrical coupling device (9) is calculated, where m and n are the length and width of the photosensitive surface of the electrical coupling device (9), respectively, and m' and n' are the length and width of the diffraction image in the computer. Through formula The actual distance s between the positive and negative dark fringes of the same order in the diffraction pattern formed by the diffraction image in the computer (10) and the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupler (9) is calculated, where A is the distance between the same order dark fringes of the diffraction image in the computer (10) and the photosensitive surface of the electrocoupler (9); Through formula The intermediate value x is calculated; Through formula The gap width b formed between the test tool (6) and the first standard tool (7) is calculated, where L is the distance between the center of the gap formed between the test tool (6) and the first standard tool (7) and the electrical coupling device (9), θ is the angle between the laser emitted by the laser (3) and the horizontal plane, λ is the wavelength of the laser, and n is the dark fringe order in the diffraction pattern. (2) The tool holder (802) of the second standard tool (12) is slidably adsorbed and fixed to the top of the first standard tool (7). The angle of the laser emitted by the laser (3) and the tilt angle of the electrical coupling device (9) are adjusted to be consistent with the step (1). The gap width b0 formed between the second standard tool (12) and the first standard tool (7) is calculated according to the formula in step (1). (3) The wear amount Δb of the tool to be tested (6) is calculated by the formula Δb=b-b0.

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