A parasitic wasp compound attractant

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of biopesticide technology and specifically discloses a parasitic wasp compound attractant. The disclosed parasitic wasp compound attractant comprises the following components by weight: 0.5% to 99% of an attractant active ingredient; 1% to 99.5% of an auxiliary material; the attractant active ingredient being a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, and cadinene. The compound attractant of the present invention can attract parasitic wasps, improving their ability to search and locate target pests, thereby increasing their parasitic efficiency, thereby achieving effective biological control of pests, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and ensuring the safety of vegetable products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a natural enemy attractant in the technical field of biological pesticides, in particular to a compound natural enemy attractant utilizing volatile odor substances to attract natural enemy parasitic wasps, and the preparation and application of the compound natural enemy attractant. Background Art

[0002] Parasitic wasps are important parasitic natural enemy insects that play an important role in the green control of crop pests. Female parasitic wasps and their offspring usually regulate the physiological state of the host through parasitic behavior, ensuring that the parasitic wasp offspring develop normally on the surface or inside the host, allowing their population to reproduce, and the host pests to be effectively controlled. At present, many parasitic wasps have been successfully commercialized and used in the biological control of rice and vegetable pests, such as the trichogrammatid wasp for controlling the rice stem borer, the aphid wasp for controlling vegetable aphids, etc. Microplitis pallidipes, as a dominant parasitic wasp of the middle and young larvae of vegetable armyworms, likes to parasitize the 2nd-3rd instar armyworm larvae with clustering habits, and is an important regulator of the natural population of armyworm pests in the field.

[0003] However, for parasitic wasps, the ability to accurately locate and identify their hosts and successfully parasitize them directly determines the survival and reproduction of their offspring populations. Previous studies have found that parasitic wasps primarily search for hosts by olfactory recognition of chemical signaling substances related to the host, and that these signaling substances can be derived from a variety of sources, such as pest-inducing plant volatiles, the host itself, and its feces. Therefore, by exploring the volatile odorants associated with the directional behavior of the pallid-footed braconid wasp and utilizing them to effectively regulate the efficiency of the parasitic wasp's host search, thereby achieving the goal of controlling target pests, this will provide a new green means and technology for the green prevention and control of pests. Compared with other pest control technologies, this new natural enemy olfactory behavior regulation technology has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly, pollution-free, safe, efficient, and highly selective, and will have broad application prospects in integrated pest management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a parasitic wasp compound attractant.

[0005] To this end, the parasitic wasp compound attractant provided by the present invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5%-99% of an attractant active component; 1%-99.5% of an auxiliary material; the attractant active component is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane and cadinene.

[0006] Alternatively, the attractant active component is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, cadinene and 2-tridecanone.

[0007] Alternatively, the attractant active component is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, cadinene and nerolidol.

[0008] Alternatively, the attractant active component is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, cadinene, nerolidol and 2-tridecanone.

[0009] Alternatively, the mass percentage of each substance in the mixture is:

[0010] Cis-Jasmone: 0.5% to 50%;

[0011] Caducene: 0.5% to 50%;

[0012] Pentadecane: 0.5% to 50%;

[0013] Nerolidol: 0-50%;

[0014] 2-Tridecanone: 0-50%.

[0015] Preferably, the mixture is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane and cadinene, and the mass ratio of the three is 1:1:1.

[0016] Preferably, the mixture is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, cadinene, nerolidol and 2-tridecanone, and the mass ratio of the three is 1:1:1:1:0.1-0.5.

[0017] An optional solution is that the parasitic wasp compound attractant comprises the following components in percentage by mass and volume: 0.5%-99% of the attractant active component; 1%-99.5% of the auxiliary material; the auxiliary material comprises a solvent and an emulsifier;

[0018] The solvent is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of paraffin oil, lanolin, water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, petroleum ether, petroleum aromatics, pure benzene, ethyl acetate, toluene and xylene;

[0019] The emulsifier is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of Spans, Tweens, ethylene glycol esters, propylene glycol esters and polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactants.

[0020] An optional solution is that the auxiliary material includes a solubilizer, and the solubilizer is selected from a mixture of one or more of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether, lignin sulfonate, tea dregs and saponins.

[0021] An optional solution is that the auxiliary material includes a synergist, and the synergist is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of tea saponin and polyoxyethylene ether.

[0022] Optionally, the attractant is in the form of a powder, emulsifiable concentrate, suspension, dry suspension, concentrated emulsion, sustained-release agent, aqueous emulsion or spray.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] Compared to existing pest attractants on the market, the parasitic wasp compound attractant provided by the present invention attracts beneficial parasitic wasps, eliminating growers' concerns about attracting more pests to their fields. Furthermore, the more beneficial insects there are, the better the field pest control effect. In addition to the pale-footed braconid wasp, the parasitic wasp compound attractant provided by the present invention may not only attract parasitic wasps of the Noctuidae family, but also other parasitic wasps, thereby increasing the number of parasitic wasps in the field and improving the parasitic wasp parasitism rate, achieving the effect of parasitic wasps controlling field pests.

[0025] The attractant volatiles (jasmone, cadinene, pentadecane, nerolidol, 2-tridecanone) used in the present invention are all natural plant products, have the characteristics of low toxicity and easy degradation, and are attractants that are friendly and safe to humans, animals and the ecological environment.

[0026] The compound attractant of the present invention is compounded on the basis of a single attracting volatile substance, which can not only improve the attracting effect on parasitic wasps, but also effectively delay and reduce the generation of drug resistance.

[0027] The volatile substances (jasmone, cadinene, pentadecane, nerol and 2-tridecanone) used in the present invention can be obtained by various methods, such as chemical synthesis, direct extraction from plants and the like, and can be produced on an industrial scale.

[0028] The present invention is the first to discover the biological activity of volatile odor compounds such as cadinene, pentadecane, 2-tridecanone in attracting parasitic wasps, and is the first to formulate them into a compound attractant for attracting parasitic wasps, thereby carrying out biological control of noctuid pests. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a "Y"-shaped olfactometer, where the direction indicated by the arrow is the direction of gas flow in the tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the scientific and technical terms used herein are understood according to the knowledge of ordinary technicians in the relevant fields.

[0031] The parasitic wasps of the present invention include but are not limited to parasitic wasps of Noctuidae pests (such as Pleuronectinus pallidus).

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The following examples use emulsifiable concentrate formulations to illustrate the present invention. It should be noted that, based on the disclosure of the present invention and in combination with the preparation process of conventional formulations, those skilled in the art can also process the attractant formulation of the present invention into powders, suspensions, dry suspensions, concentrated emulsions, sustained-release formulations, aqueous emulsions or sprays, etc.

[0034] Taking the example of the present invention, the lateral septum was taken as an example, and the directional behavior reaction test of the lateral septum was conducted in the laboratory using the "Y" type olfactometer method.

[0035] The specific method of the "Y" type olfactometer method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the two arm openings of a Y-shaped release tube (2 cm inner diameter, 5 cm straight tube length, two equal 7.5 cm arms, and a 60° included angle) were connected to an air flow meter, an odor source sample glass container (or a control glass bottle), a distilled water container (for humidifying the air), and an activated carbon container (activated carbon for filtering impurities in the air) via connecting tubes. Both activated carbon containers were connected to an atmospheric sampler. During the test, the air flow meter controlled the gas flow rate so that the gas emitted from the odor source flowed along the side arm tube toward the tee of the Y-shaped tube. The "Y"-shaped release tube, two air flow meters, and sample glass containers were placed in an 80 cm × 80 cm × 50 cm box. A fluorescent lamp was placed above the "Y"-shaped olfactometer. The room temperature was maintained at (26 ± 1) °C, and the gas flow rate in the tube was 300 mL / min.

[0036] The specific experimental procedure was as follows: Based on the biological characteristics of the parasitic wasp, the experiment was scheduled daily from 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM. First, the various instruments were connected. A mated female wasp was then placed from a test tube into a Y-shaped tube using a bee aspirator. The wasp's behavioral response was observed. If the parasitic wasp reached one-third of the way to one of the two arms within 5 minutes and remained there for more than 5 seconds, it was considered a choice. Otherwise, if the parasitic wasp showed no response or remained there for less than 5 seconds within 5 minutes, the wasp was considered to have made no choice, and the analysis of that individual was terminated. To minimize error, 60 wasps were tested per sample, and each female was only tested once. After every five wasps, the arms of the Y-shaped tube were swapped. After testing 10 wasps, the Y-shaped tube was reconnected and the test continued. At the end of each day's experiment, all instruments were cleaned with 95% alcohol, dried, and stored. Among them, parasitoid selection rate = number of volatile compounds selected by parasitoids / total number of parasitoids in the experiment*100.

[0037] Example 1: Attraction of five compounds to Pseudocephalides pallidati

[0038] 1g of each volatile compound (pentadecane, nerolidol, cis-jasmone, cadinene, and 2-tridecanone) was weighed, 1ml of Tween 80 emulsifier was added, and finally the mixture was dropped into paraffin oil to dissolve and dilute to 100ml. The mixture was mixed evenly to prepare attractants with volatile compound contents of 0.01g / ml (1%) and 0.1g / ml (10%), respectively. The selectivity was then determined using a "Y"-type olfactometer selection method. The selectivity of parasitic wasps for each volatile compound is shown in Table 1. The volatile compounds in this example were sourced from standard products purchased from a reagent company.

[0039] Table 1 Selectivity of P. pallidipes for five volatile compounds

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Table 1 shows the selective behavior of P. pallidipes towards five volatile compounds (pentadecane, nerolidol, cis-jasmone, cadinene, and 2-tridecanone). These results indicate that all five volatiles significantly influence the parasitic wasp's tropism, with a close relationship between compound concentration. Pentadecane, jasmone, and cadinene exhibited significant attractant effects at both 1% and 10% concentrations, while nerolidol and 2-tridecanone exhibited significant attractant effects only at mass-volume concentrations of 10% and 1%, respectively.

[0043] Example 2: The attracting effect of compound attractants with different formulas on Pseudocephalides pallidatids

[0044] Two or more of the five volatile compounds (pentadecane, nerolidol, cis-jasmone, cadinene, and 2-tridecanone) were measured and mixed in different mass ratios. The mixture was then dropped into paraffin oil to dissolve and mixed evenly to prepare an attractant with a total mass volume concentration of 0.1 g / mL, as shown in Table 2 (the corresponding percentage under each component in Table 2 is the proportion of the corresponding substance in the total mass volume concentration of 0.1 g / mL). The "Y" type olfactometer selection method was then used to determine the selection rate. The selection effect of parasitic wasps on each volatile compound is shown in Table 2.

[0045] Table 2 Effects of different formulas of compound attractants on the selectivity of Pseudocephalidae

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] As can be seen in Table 2, the attractant effects of the compounded attractants on P. pallidipes varied significantly when formulated in different ratios. Some formulations showed significantly enhanced attractant effects compared to the individual compounds, indicating a synergistic effect between the compounds. In this example, seven of the compounds achieved an attractant rate of over 66% for P. pallidipes, with Compound 8 being particularly effective, reaching an attractant rate of 82.76%. Conversely, some combinations showed a significant decrease in their attractant effect for P. pallidipes. Therefore, combining effective compounds does not guarantee an enhanced effect.

[0049] The experimental results of Examples 1 and 2 show that among the five volatile compounds tested, cis-jasmone, pentadecane, cadinene, and nerolidol have the highest selectivity for parasitic wasps, reaching over 64% at a mass concentration of 10%. At a mass concentration of 1%, cis-jasmone, pentadecane, cadinene, and 2-tridecanone exhibited the best attractant efficacy, with compound selectivity exceeding 65%. Furthermore, the compound attractant of the present invention exhibits significantly enhanced attractant efficacy for parasitic wasps in specific combinations and ratios, reaching a maximum of 82.76%. Furthermore, various combinations of the compound attractant exhibited attractant efficacy exceeding 66%. Therefore, the compound attractant of the present invention can be used as a parasitic wasp attractant. In practical applications, the appropriate formulation and dosage can be selected based on a comprehensive consideration of both attractant efficacy and cost.

[0050] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Other embodiments can be obtained by varying the component contents in the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various variations or modifications within the scope of the claims without affecting the essence of the present invention.

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0052] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any appropriate manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

Claims

1. A parasitic wasp compound attractant, characterized in that: The parasitic wasp compound attractant includes the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5%-99% of an attractant active component; 1%-99.5% of an auxiliary material; the attractant active components are cis-jasmone and pentadecane, and the mass ratio of cis-jasmone to pentadecane is 1:1; the parasitic wasp is the pale-footed braconid wasp.

2. A parasitic wasp compound attractant, characterized in that: The parasitic wasp compound attractant includes the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5%-99% of an attractant active component; 1%-99.5% of an auxiliary material; the attractant active component is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane and δ-cadinene, and the mass ratio of cis-jasmone, pentadecane and δ-cadinene is 1:1:1; the parasitic wasp is the pale-footed braconid wasp.

3. A parasitic wasp compound attractant, characterized in that: The parasitic wasp compound attractant includes the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5%-99% of an attractant active component; 1%-99.5% of an auxiliary material; the attractant active component is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, δ-cadinene and nerolidol, and the mass ratio of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, δ-cadinene and nerolidol is 1:1:1:1; the parasitic wasp is the pale-footed braconid wasp.

4. A parasitic wasp compound attractant, characterized in that: The parasitic wasp compound attractant includes the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5%-99% of an attractant active component; 1%-99.5% of an auxiliary material; the attractant active component is a mixture of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, δ-cadinene, nerol and 2-tridecanone, and the mass ratio of cis-jasmone, pentadecane, δ-cadinene, nerol and 2-tridecanone is 1:1:1:1:(0.1-0.5); the parasitic wasp is the pale-footed braconid wasp.

5. The parasitic wasp compound attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The parasitic wasp compound attractant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5%-99% of an attractant active component; 1%-99.5% of an auxiliary material; the auxiliary material comprises a solvent and an emulsifier; The solvent is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of paraffin oil, lanolin, water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, petroleum ether, petroleum aromatics, pure benzene, ethyl acetate, toluene and xylene; The emulsifier is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of Spans, Tweens, ethylene glycol esters, propylene glycol esters and polyethylene glycol type nonionic surfactants.

6. The parasitic wasp compound attractant according to claim 5, characterized in that The auxiliary material further comprises a solubilizer, which is selected from a mixture of one or more of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, potassium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether, lignin sulfonate and tea dregs.

7. The parasitic wasp compound attractant according to claim 5, characterized in that The auxiliary material includes a synergist, and the synergist is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of tea saponin and polyoxyethylene ether.

8. The parasitic wasp compound attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The attractant is in the form of powder, emulsifiable concentrate, suspension, dry suspension, concentrated emulsion, sustained-release agent, aqueous emulsion or spray.

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