A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of metal matrix composites, and more particularly to a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, its preparation method, and its applications. The method involves combining aluminum or aluminum alloys with an aluminum-based composite material via stir casting. The resulting ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material exhibits excellent mechanical properties, good heat resistance, and wear resistance, making it suitable for various components such as automotive brake discs. This invention comprehensively considers the characteristics of the stir casting process to ensure the interfacial bonding of the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material. When the ceramic reinforcement layer forms a semi-solid state, the molten base layer is slowly poured into a mold. The interface of the ceramic reinforcement layer melts instantaneously, and during the direct solidification process, the aluminum matrix between the ceramic reinforcement layer and the base layer is connected, exhibiting strong shear resistance and high effectiveness in transferring interfacial loads. This invention features low-cost equipment, a simple process, and low material production costs, enabling industrialization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal matrix composites, and in particular to a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Due to environmental protection and energy conservation needs, lightweighting of automobiles has become a global trend in automotive development. In automotive braking systems, the brake disc and friction pads work together to convert the force from the driver's pedal into braking force, causing the vehicle to decelerate or stop. The brake disc is the friction pair of a disc brake. During operation, it is subjected not only to significant normal and tangential forces applied by the brake pads, but also to a much greater thermal load than the brake drum, with its surface temperature reaching up to 800℃. Therefore, in addition to the strength and rigidity required of a component, it must have the highest possible and most stable coefficient of friction, as well as appropriate wear resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and heat capacity. Currently, cast iron is a common material for brake discs. However, cast iron has a relatively high density, which is not conducive to reducing the overall weight of the vehicle body, and cast iron also has poor corrosion resistance.

[0003] Aluminum is a lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal with good thermal conductivity. By adding other alloying elements, aluminum alloys possess high mechanical strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Aluminum and aluminum alloys are among the most widely used metallic materials. However, their poor heat resistance and wear resistance significantly limit their application in critical components such as vehicle brake discs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, its preparation method, and its applications. Specifically, this invention includes the following:

[0005] A method for preparing a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Preparation of ceramic-reinforced melt: The matrix material is added to the first melting furnace, heated and melted, and then degassed and refined to obtain the matrix material melt; ceramic particles are added to the matrix material melt while stirring in a protective atmosphere to obtain the ceramic-reinforced melt; the matrix material is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy, and the ceramic particles are one or more of B4C, SiC, or Al2O3 powder;

[0007] (2) Preparation of base melt: The base material is added to the second melting furnace, heated and melted, and then degassed and refined to obtain the base melt; the base material is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy;

[0008] (3) Casting: Pour the ceramic reinforced melt obtained in step (1) into the casting mold and cool it down for 10-30 seconds. When the ceramic reinforced melt cools down to 570℃-630℃ and forms a semi-solid state, pour in the base melt obtained in step (2) to complete the casting and obtain the ceramic reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank.

[0009] (4) Deformation treatment: The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in step (3) is cooled and deformed during the cooling process to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material.

[0010] Preferably, the content of ceramic particles in the ceramic-reinforced melt in step (1) is 11.5-15.5 wt%.

[0011] Preferably, the average particle size of the ceramic particles is 5-50 μm; the matrix material of the present invention is an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix material in the ceramic reinforcement layer; the substrate material is the material used in the substrate layer. In the present invention, the type and composition of the matrix material and the substrate material are consistent.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1): the melting temperature is 730-780℃; the protective gas is nitrogen; the stirring method is mechanical stirring, the stirring speed is 120-200r / min, ceramic particles are added while stirring, and after the ceramic particles are added, stirring is continued for 15-25min to obtain ceramic-reinforced melt.

[0013] Preferably, the melting temperature in step (2) is 730-780℃.

[0014] Preferably, before pouring the ceramic-reinforced melt into the casting mold in step (3), the casting mold is preheated to 400-500°C; the cooling time is 10-30 seconds.

[0015] Preferably, the deformation treatment method in step (4) is as follows: when the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in step (3) is naturally cooled to 300-400°C, the press is started to press down the blank, the pressing amount is controlled at 3%-5%, and then the heat and pressure are maintained for 15-30 minutes. Finally, it is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material.

[0016] A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material prepared by the aforementioned preparation method comprises a base layer and a ceramic reinforcement layer, wherein the volume ratio of the base layer to the ceramic reinforcement layer is (3-5):1; the material of the base layer is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy; the composition and mass percentage of the ceramic reinforcement layer are: 11.5-15.5% ceramic particles, with the balance being matrix material.

[0017] Preferably, the interfacial bonding strength between the substrate layer and the ceramic reinforcement layer is >490MPa, and the tensile strength and yield strength of the material are >500MPa and >390MPa.

[0018] Application of a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material prepared by the aforementioned method in automobiles.

[0019] In the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material of this invention, the ceramic reinforcement layer is the most important functional layer, mainly responsible for high hardness, high heat resistance, and high wear resistance; the base layer is the main structural layer, playing an important role in strength characteristics. In this scheme, the matrix material in the ceramic reinforcement layer and the base layer material are selected to be consistent, and the ceramic particle content in the ceramic reinforcement layer is low. When the two layers are combined by stirring and casting, they have good interfacial compatibility.

[0020] The preparation method described in this invention is a key means of achieving this invention. By rationally controlling the melt temperature and stirring speed, ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in aluminum or aluminum alloy. Nitrogen gas has good purity and stability. Under the protection of a nitrogen atmosphere, surface oxidation and corrosion of aluminum or aluminum alloy can be prevented. At the same time, the diffusion of alloying elements can be controlled, ensuring the purity of the prepared material and reducing the content of gases and impurities in the melt.

[0021] Casting is a crucial step in realizing this invention. The ceramic reinforcement layer melt is poured into the mold, and when it cools down to form a semi-solid state, a solidification mold will form on its surface. In this solution, a high-temperature base layer material, aluminum or aluminum alloy melt, is slowly added. When the high-temperature aluminum or aluminum alloy melt comes into contact with the solidification mold of the ceramic reinforcement layer, the solidification mold is instantly melted. During the direct solidification process of the liquid, since the ceramic reinforcement layer and the base layer have similar compositions and are connected to the aluminum matrix, there is good compatibility between the two, and the interface is firmly bonded.

[0022] Deformation treatment is a crucial step in achieving the solution of this invention. This solution involves the interfacial bonding between the substrate layer and the ceramic reinforcement layer, as well as the bonding between the ceramic particles in the ceramic reinforcement layer and the aluminum matrix, where interfacial mismatch exists between the materials. By applying pressure to the blank through deformation treatment, its density and interfacial bonding strength can be effectively improved.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] (1) This invention provides a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, which combines aluminum or aluminum alloy with aluminum-based composite material by stirring casting. The prepared ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material has excellent mechanical properties, good heat resistance and wear resistance, and can be used in various parts such as automotive brake discs.

[0025] (2) This invention takes into account the characteristics of the stirring casting process to ensure the interfacial bonding of the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material. When the ceramic reinforcement layer forms a semi-solid state, the molten base layer is slowly poured into the mold. The interface of the ceramic reinforcement layer melts instantly. During the direct solidification of the liquid, the aluminum matrix between the ceramic reinforcement layer and the base layer is connected, which has strong shear resistance and high effectiveness in transferring interfacial loads.

[0026] (3) The equipment of the present invention has low cost and simple process, and the production cost of materials is low, which can realize industrialization. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The embodiments shown below do not limit the scope of the invention as described in the claims. Furthermore, the complete contents of the configurations shown in the embodiments below are not limited to those necessary for the solution of the invention described in the claims.

[0028] A method for preparing a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Preparation of ceramic-reinforced melt: The matrix material is added to the first melting furnace and heated to 730-780℃ (e.g., 740℃, 750℃, 760℃, 770℃) for melting. Then, it is degassed and refined to obtain the matrix material melt. Under a nitrogen protective atmosphere, ceramic particles with an average particle size of 5-50μm (e.g., 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm) are added to the matrix material melt while mechanically stirring. The stirring speed is controlled at 120-200r / min (e.g., 130r / min, 140r / min, 150r / min, 160r / min). Stir at 170 r / min, 180 r / min, 190 r / min, and continue stirring for 15-25 min (e.g., 16 min, 18 min, 20 min, 22 min, 24 min) after the ceramic particles have been added to obtain a ceramic-reinforced melt. The ceramic particle content in the ceramic-reinforced melt is 11.5-15.5 wt% (e.g., 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%). The matrix material is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy, and the ceramic particles are one or more of B4C, SiC, or Al2O3 powder.

[0030] (2) Preparation of base melt: The base material is added to the second melting furnace and heated to 730-780℃ (e.g., 740℃, 750℃, 760℃, 770℃) for melting, and then degassed and refined to obtain the base melt; the base material is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy;

[0031] (3) Casting: Preheat the casting mold to 400-500℃ (e.g., 420℃, 440℃, 460℃, 480℃), then pour the ceramic reinforced melt obtained in step (1) into the preheated casting mold, cool it down for 10-30s (e.g., 15s, 16s, 20s, 22s, 25s, 28s), and when the ceramic reinforced melt cools down to 570℃-630℃ (e.g., 580℃, 590℃, 600℃, 610℃, 620℃, etc.) and forms a semi-solid state, pour in the base melt obtained in step (2) to complete the casting and obtain the ceramic reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank;

[0032] (4) Deformation treatment: Cool the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in step (3). When the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in step (3) is naturally cooled to 300-400℃ (e.g., 320℃, 340℃, 360℃, 380℃), start the press to press down the blank. The pressing amount is controlled at 3-5% (e.g., 3.2%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4%, 4.2%, 4.5%, 4.8%). Then keep it warm and pressurized for 15-30 minutes (e.g., 16 minutes, 18 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 28 minutes). Finally, let it cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material.

[0033] The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material prepared by the aforementioned method comprises a base layer and a ceramic reinforcement layer, with a volume ratio of (3-5):1 (e.g., 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, 4.8:1). The matrix material in the ceramic reinforcement layer is consistent with the material in the base layer, which is beneficial for improving interlayer bonding. The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material prepared by the method disclosed in this invention exhibits an interfacial bonding strength between the base layer and the ceramic reinforcement layer >490 MPa, a tensile strength >500 MPa, and a yield strength >390 MPa. The material prepared by this invention meets the quality requirements for automotive brake discs and can be applied in automobiles.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material comprises two layers: a first layer is a ceramic reinforcement layer containing a matrix material and ceramic particles; the second layer is a base layer made of a base material, namely aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The volume ratio of the first layer to the second layer is 1:3. In this embodiment, the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material is prepared using a stir casting method.

[0037] A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, wherein the matrix material in the first layer is the same as that used in the second layer, selected from 6061 alloy. The ceramic particles in the first layer are B4C powder with an average particle size of 50 μm. The ceramic particles in the first layer account for 13% by mass, with the balance being aluminum matrix.

[0038] The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material described in this embodiment is prepared by a stirred casting method, including the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Preparation of ceramic-reinforced melt: Add 6061 alloy to the first melting furnace, raise the temperature to 730℃, and obtain 6061 alloy melt after degassing and refining. Introduce nitrogen into the melting furnace to maintain the nitrogen atmosphere, turn on the mechanical stirring device and set the stirring speed to 180 r / min to stir the melt. During stirring, continuously add B4C ceramic particles. After the ceramic particles are added, continue stirring for 20 minutes to obtain ceramic-reinforced melt.

[0040] Step 2: Preparation of base melt: Add 6061 alloy to the second melting furnace, raise the temperature to 730℃, and obtain 6061 alloy base melt after degassing and refining.

[0041] Step 3: Casting: Pour the ceramic-reinforced melt into the mold. The mold needs to be preheated before pouring the melt into the mold. The preheating temperature is 450℃. Then cool for 20 seconds. When the ceramic-reinforced melt is semi-solidified, slowly pour in the 6061 alloy melt and wait for it to solidify and form to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material billet.

[0042] Step 4: Deformation treatment: The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in Step 3 is naturally cooled. When the temperature drops to 300℃, the press is started and the pressure is slowly increased, with the pressure controlled at 3%. The temperature and pressure are maintained for 20 minutes. After naturally cooling to room temperature, the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material is obtained.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material comprises two layers: a first layer is a ceramic reinforcement layer containing a matrix material and ceramic particles; and a second layer is a base layer made of a base material, namely aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The volume ratio of the first layer to the second layer is 1:5. In this embodiment, the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material is prepared using a stir casting method.

[0045] A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, wherein the matrix material in the first layer is the same as that used in the second layer, selected from alloy 4032. The ceramic particles in the first layer are Al2O3 powder with an average particle size of 5 μm. The mass percentage of ceramic particles in the first layer is 15.5%, with the balance being aluminum matrix.

[0046] The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material described in this embodiment is prepared by a stirred casting method, including the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Preparation of ceramic-reinforced melt: Add 4032 alloy to the first melting furnace, raise the temperature to 780℃, and obtain 4032 alloy melt after degassing and refining. Introduce nitrogen into the melting furnace to maintain the nitrogen atmosphere, turn on the mechanical stirring device and set the stirring speed to 200 r / min to stir the melt. During stirring, continuously add Al2O3 ceramic particles. After the ceramic particles are added, continue stirring for 15 min to obtain ceramic-reinforced melt.

[0048] Step 2: Preparation of the base melt: Add the 4032 alloy to the second melting furnace, raise the temperature to 780℃, and obtain the 4032 alloy base melt after degassing and refining.

[0049] Step 3: Casting: Pour the ceramic-reinforced melt into the mold. The mold must be preheated to 400℃ before pouring. Then cool for 10 seconds until the ceramic-reinforced melt is in a semi-solid state. Slowly pour in the 4032 alloy melt and wait for solidification to form the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material billet. Step 4: Deformation Treatment: Allow the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material billet obtained in Step 3 to cool naturally. When the temperature drops to 400℃, start the press and slowly increase the pressure, controlling the pressure drop at 5%. Hold the pressure for 15 minutes. Allow it to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material comprises two layers: a first layer is a ceramic reinforcement layer containing a matrix material and ceramic particles; and a second layer is a base layer made of a base material, namely aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The volume ratio of the first layer to the second layer is 1:4. In this embodiment, the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material is prepared using a stir casting method.

[0052] A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material is disclosed, wherein the matrix material in the first layer is the same as that used in the second layer, and is selected from industrially pure aluminum. The ceramic particles in the first layer are SiC powder with an average particle size of 25 μm. The mass percentage of the ceramic particles in the first layer is 11.5%, with the balance being matrix aluminum.

[0053] The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material described in this embodiment is prepared by a stirred casting method, including the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Preparation of ceramic-reinforced melt: Industrial pure aluminum is added to the first smelting furnace and the temperature is raised to 750℃. After degassing and refining, industrial pure aluminum melt is obtained. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to maintain the nitrogen atmosphere. The mechanical stirring device is turned on and the stirring speed is set to 120 r / min to stir the melt. During the stirring, SiC ceramic particles are continuously added. After the ceramic particles are added, stirring is continued for 15 min to obtain the ceramic-reinforced melt.

[0055] Step 2: Preparation of the base melt: Add industrial pure aluminum to the second smelting furnace, raise the temperature to 750°C, and obtain the industrial pure aluminum base melt after degassing and refining.

[0056] Step 3: Casting: Pour the ceramic-reinforced melt into the mold. The mold must be preheated to 500℃ before pouring. Then cool for 30 seconds until the ceramic-reinforced melt is semi-solid. Slowly pour in industrial pure aluminum melt and allow it to solidify, obtaining a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material billet. Step 4: Deformation Treatment: Allow the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material billet obtained in Step 3 to cool naturally. When the temperature reaches 350℃, start the press and slowly increase the pressure, controlling the pressure drop to 4%. Hold the pressure for 30 minutes. Allow it to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is the composition of the composite material. In this comparative example, both the first and second layer materials are selected from industrially pure aluminum. Everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is the composition of the composite material. In this comparative example, both the first and second layer materials are selected from 6061 aluminum alloy. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is the preparation of the ceramic-reinforced melt. 6061 alloy was added to a first melting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 730°C. After degassing and refining, a 6061 alloy melt was obtained. A mechanical stirrer was turned on, and the stirring speed was set to 180 r / min. During stirring, B4C ceramic powder particles were continuously added. After the ceramic particles were added, stirring continued for 20 minutes to obtain the ceramic-reinforced melt. The rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 4

[0064] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is the casting process. In this comparative example, the ceramic-reinforced melt was poured into a mold. Before pouring the melt into the mold, the mold was preheated to 450°C. After the melt cooled and solidified completely, the 6061 alloy melt was slowly poured in and allowed to solidify to form a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank.

[0065] Comparative Example 5

[0066] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is the deformation heat treatment. In this comparative example, the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in step 4 was naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material.

[0067] The table below shows a comparison of the comprehensive results of mechanical properties, density, etc. of the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 of the present invention. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1. Mechanical property data of ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite materials in the examples and comparative examples.

[0069]

[0070] As can be seen from Table 1, the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite materials obtained in Examples 1-3 exhibit high strength, indicating that the preparation of the ceramic-reinforced melt, the preparation of the substrate melt, the casting, and the deformation treatment process are reasonable and the technical solutions are feasible. Compared to Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, both the first and second layer materials were selected from industrial pure aluminum. Because no reinforcing ceramic powder was added to the first layer material, the mechanical properties and wear resistance of industrial pure aluminum were poor, but its ductility was good. Compared to Example 1, in Comparative Example 2, both the first and second layer materials were selected from 6061 aluminum alloy. Compared to the ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the 6061 aluminum alloy in the first layer of this comparative example were poor. Compared to Example 1, in Comparative Example 3, because a nitrogen atmosphere was not used for protection during the preparation of the ceramic-reinforced melt, the purity of the material was low, resulting in a higher content of gas and impurities in the melt, which affected the material's density, strength, and hardness. Compared to Example 1, in Comparative Example 4, the casting process involves casting the second layer of aluminum or aluminum alloy material after the first layer of ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has completely cured. This results in poor interfacial bonding between the first and second layers, lower material density, and potential delamination, leading to reduced shear resistance and poor interfacial transfer. In Comparative Example 5, the deformation treatment step involves a ceramic-reinforced layered Al matrix composite material blank that has not undergone pressure treatment and has been naturally cooled to room temperature. This results in coarser grains and reduced strength and hardness of the composite material.

[0071] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of ceramic-reinforced melt: The matrix material is added to the first melting furnace, heated and melted, then degassed and refined to obtain the matrix material melt; ceramic particles are added to the matrix material melt while stirring in a protective atmosphere to obtain the ceramic-reinforced melt; the matrix material is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy, and the ceramic particles are one or more of B4C, SiC, or Al2O3 powder; the average particle size of the ceramic particles is 5-50 μm; the melting temperature is 730-780℃; the protective gas is nitrogen; the stirring method is mechanical stirring, the stirring speed is 120-200 r / min, and the ceramic particles are added while stirring. After the ceramic particles are added, stirring is continued for 15-25 min to obtain the ceramic-reinforced melt; (2) Preparation of base melt: The base material is added to the second melting furnace, heated and melted, and then degassed and refined to obtain the base melt; the base material is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy; the base material is the same type as the base material; (3) Casting: Pour the ceramic reinforced melt obtained in step (1) into the casting mold and cool it down for 10-30 seconds. When the ceramic reinforced melt cools down to 570℃-630℃ and forms a semi-solid state, pour in the base melt obtained in step (2) to complete the casting and obtain the ceramic reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank. (4) Deformation treatment: Cool the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in step (3) and perform deformation treatment on it during the cooling process to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material; The deformation treatment method is as follows: when the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material blank obtained in step (3) is naturally cooled to 300-400℃, start the press to press down the blank, control the pressing amount at 3%-5%, then keep it warm and pressurized for 15-30 minutes, and finally cool it naturally to room temperature to obtain the ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material.

2. The method for preparing a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The content of ceramic particles in the ceramic-reinforced melt in step (1) is 11.5-15.5 wt%.

3. The method for preparing a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The melting temperature in step (2) is 730-780℃.

4. The method for preparing a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) includes preheating the casting mold to 400-500°C before pouring the ceramic-reinforced melt into the casting mold.

5. A ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes a base layer and a ceramic reinforcement layer, wherein the volume ratio of the base layer to the ceramic reinforcement layer is (3-5):1; the material of the base layer is one of pure aluminum, 6061 alloy, or 4032 alloy; the composition and mass percentage of the ceramic reinforcement layer are: 11.5-15.5% ceramic particles, with the balance being the matrix material.

6. The ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The interfacial bonding strength between the substrate layer and the ceramic reinforcement layer is >490MPa, and the tensile strength and yield strength of the material are >500MPa and >390MPa.

7. The application of a ceramic-reinforced layered Al-based composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-4 in automobiles.

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