A method of additive manufacturing of an aluminium matrix composite component

Abstract

The application provides an additive manufacturing method of an aluminum matrix composite component, and relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and comprises the following steps: depositing an aluminum matrix composite rod on a base plate material in a friction extrusion deposition mode to obtain an aluminum matrix composite component. It should be noted that the raw material rod undergoes multiple material deformation, reinforcing phase dispersion and crushing processes during the friction extrusion deposition process. These processes continuously promote material grain refinement, reinforcing phase dispersion and crushing, so that the deposited component has an equiaxed fine-grained structure, and the reinforcing phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix, which helps to improve the hardness, strength and wear resistance of the deposited material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and specifically relates to an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-based composite materials possess advantages such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, and low thermal expansion, and have now been developed into important or even key materials in many high-tech fields such as aerospace, rail transportation, and military industry.

[0003] However, aluminum matrix composites face the problem of uneven distribution of the reinforcing phase during preparation. This is caused by differences in the physicochemical properties between the reinforcing phase and the matrix, fluctuations in preparation process parameters, or imbalances in interfacial interactions leading to localized aggregation or segregation. Uneven distribution of the reinforcing phase is a "fatal flaw" in aluminum matrix composites, its harm persisting throughout the entire lifecycle from material preparation and processing to service. It not only weakens the strengthening effect but also causes a series of problems such as fluctuations in mechanical properties, processing difficulties, and decreased reliability. For example, stress concentration points easily form in areas where the reinforcing phase aggregates. When the material is under stress, the enriched areas are difficult to deform due to their high rigidity, and the stress will transfer to the surrounding weak areas of the matrix. This causes cracks to preferentially initiate at the "enriched area-matrix" interface (especially when the interfacial bonding is poor), significantly reducing the tensile strength, impact toughness, and fatigue life of the material. Therefore, reducing reinforcing phase agglomeration and segregation is crucial to ensuring the practical application of aluminum matrix composites.

[0004] Existing plastic processing technologies (rolling, extrusion, and forging) can utilize stress-driven matrix flow and shearing to regulate the spatial redistribution of reinforcing phases through the force field during deformation. However, aluminum matrix composites have insufficient plastic deformation capacity, making it difficult to achieve uniform distribution of reinforcing phases in the alloy matrix.

[0005] Friction stir deposition additive manufacturing (FSD), derived from the principles of friction stir welding and machining, utilizes a non-consumable hollow rotating tool. The feed material, subjected to forging force by a feeding device, is conveyed through a hollow tool within the tool head. The tool head and feed material rotate synchronously at high speed. When the feed material contacts the substrate, dynamic contact friction and compression rapidly heat up and soften it. This process causes thermoplastic deformation, which can further promote the uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in the alloy matrix. However, its plastic deformation capacity is limited (the technical principle restricts it to only one plastic deformation stage), making it difficult to achieve the desired uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase within the alloy matrix. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, which can solve the problems of insufficient plastic deformation and agglomeration and segregation of reinforcing phases caused by the prior art when preparing aluminum-based composite material components.

[0007] To address the above problems, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Aluminum matrix composite rod raw material is deposited onto a substrate material by friction extrusion deposition through the following steps to obtain aluminum matrix composite component;

[0009] Step 1: The aluminum-based composite rod rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, and the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 The above results in localized deformation and softening, with the average size of the reinforcing phase decreasing by more than 5%.

[0010] Step 2: Feed the softened aluminum-based composite material into the extrusion orifice of the deposition mold;

[0011] Step 3: The aluminum-based composite material is extruded from the die orifice and deposited onto the substrate. The material is then plastically deformed by rotating the die, with a local strain rate of 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 The average size of the reinforcing phase decreased by more than 10%.

[0012] Furthermore, the additive manufacturing method for the aluminum-based composite material component is characterized in that, in the friction extrusion deposition step, the rotational speed is greater than 200 rpm.

[0013] Furthermore, the additive manufacturing method for the aluminum-based composite material component is characterized in that, in the friction extrusion deposition step, the extrusion ratio is greater than 2:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the aluminum-based composite rod is composed of an aluminum alloy and a reinforcing phase, wherein the reinforcing phase includes one or more of the following: ceramic particles, intermetallic compounds, cemented carbide, and other hard reinforcements, and one or more of one-dimensional and two-dimensional materials such as carbon-based and silicon-based materials, with a particle size of 0.001-30 μm; and / or

[0015] Furthermore, in the step of triboelectric extrusion deposition: the process parameters for triboelectric extrusion deposition satisfy the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] Where x is the volume percentage of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite (vol.%), s is the rotational speed of the deposition mold (rpm), and r is the cross-sectional area of ​​the raw material (mm). 2h is the thickness of the deposition layer, mm; q is a fixed coefficient, 0≤q≤1; V1 is the axial feeding speed of the feed material, mm / min; V2 is the transverse speed of the deposition mold, mm / min; k is the width of the deposition layer, mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the volume content of the reinforcing phase in the entire aluminum matrix composite material is 0% ≤ x ≤ 35 vol.%; preferably, it is 17% ≤ x ≤ 35 vol.%.

[0019] Furthermore, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material satisfies: 5mm / min≤V1≤500mm / min.

[0020] Furthermore, the transverse velocity V2 of the deposition mold satisfies: 5mm / min≤V2≤2000mm / min.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for an aluminum-based composite material component, wherein the grain size in the aluminum-based composite material deposition layer is 0.01-30 μm.

[0022] The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. In one aspect, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, comprising the following steps: preparing a substrate and an aluminum-based composite material rod, performing triboelectric extrusion deposition, and forming an aluminum-based composite material component on the substrate. It should be noted that the raw material rod undergoes material deformation, reinforcing phase dispersion, and fragmentation stages during the triboelectric extrusion deposition process, wherein in the first stage, the material undergoes shear friction with the deposition mold, and the local strain rate of the material is greater than 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the first stage, the material softens while the reinforcing particles break down and disperse. The softened material then enters the extrusion orifice of the deposition mold. During this stage, the material undergoes intense thermoplastic deformation under high temperature and pressure, introducing a high proportion of large-angle amorphous grain boundaries. Introducing more amorphous grain boundaries into polycrystalline metals can significantly soften the metal before it melts. Simultaneously, a high proportion of large-angle amorphous grain boundaries promotes grain boundary sliding and reduces the flow stress of fine-grained alloys at high temperatures. Further softening of the material ensures proper extrusion and deposition. In the third stage, the softened material is extruded while undergoing further particle breakage and dispersion under the forging pressure of the mold, with local strain rates exceeding 1 × 10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1In summary, high shear rates not only promote material flow but also facilitate particle dispersion and breakage, ensuring uniform particle distribution within the alloy matrix. During triboelectric deposition, the composite material undergoes at least two stages of reinforcing phase breakage and dispersion, while the alloy matrix experiences at least three stages of flow. Therefore, under the coupled effect of matrix alloy flow and particle breakage, the triboelectric deposition process continuously promotes material softening, increasing the fluidity of the extruded material. The uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase within the matrix contributes to improving the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of the deposited material.

[0024] 2. Furthermore, during the friction extrusion deposition process, the following formula can be used to control the thermoplastic deformation process of the raw material, ensuring better formability and avoiding extensive experimentation using a trial-and-error method; it can also ensure uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in the matrix, preventing agglomeration of the reinforcing phase, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the component; the formula is:

[0025] ;

[0026] Where x is the volume percentage of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite (vol.%), s is the rotational speed of the deposition mold (rpm), and r is the cross-sectional area of ​​the raw material (mm). 2 h is the thickness of the deposition layer, mm; q is a fixed coefficient, 0≤q≤1; V1 is the axial feeding speed of the feed material, mm / min; V2 is the transverse speed of the deposition mold, mm / min; k is the width of the deposition layer, mm.

[0027] 3. On the other hand, the present invention provides an aluminum-based composite material component obtained by the above-described preparation method, wherein the grain size of the aluminum-based composite material is 0.01-30 μm. Since grain boundaries are transitional regions between adjacent grains, their atomic arrangement is disordered and elastic distortion exists. When dislocations (line defects in crystals) move to grain boundaries, due to the different orientations of adjacent grains, dislocations cannot directly pass through the grain boundaries and require re-excitation or alteration of the slip system, thus requiring a larger external force. In the present invention, the grains are finer, and the number of grain boundaries per unit volume is greater, significantly hindering dislocation movement; therefore, the component exhibits superior mechanical properties. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the friction extrusion deposition process of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the bonding between the aluminum-based composite material and the substrate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a microstructure diagram of the aluminum-based composite material in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a physical image of the aluminum-based composite material in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a photograph of the actual material in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention, where the heat input to the raw material in the mold is too small, resulting in insufficient softening and deformation of the raw material, and blockage of the raw material in the mold.

[0034] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-raw material, 2-non-rotating cavity, 3-rotating mold, 4-substrate, 5-aluminum-based composite material deposition layer. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0036] This invention provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0038] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy; the reinforcing phase in the aluminum-based composite rod is B4C ceramic particles with a size of 0.01-30μm.

[0039] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using preforms as raw materials, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on a substrate;

[0040] The process parameters for friction extrusion deposition satisfy the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] Where x is the volume percentage of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite (vol.%), s is the rotational speed of the deposition mold (rpm), and r is the cross-sectional area of ​​the raw material (mm). 2h is the thickness of the deposition layer, mm; q is a fixed coefficient, 0≤q≤1; V1 is the axial feeding speed of the feed material, mm / min; V2 is the transverse speed of the deposition mold, mm / min; k is the width of the deposition layer, mm.

[0043] In some embodiments, the volume content of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite is 17% ≤ x ≤ 35 vol.%; the rotational speed of the deposition mold is ≥ 200 rpm; preferably, 200 rpm ≤ s ≤ 3000 rpm; the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material satisfies: 5 mm / min ≤ V1 ≤ 500 mm / min; the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold satisfies: 5 mm / min ≤ V2 ≤ 2000 mm / min.

[0044] Based on the volume percentage of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite (17% ≤ x ≤ 35 vol.%), adjust the additive manufacturing process parameters to further control the flowability of the extruded material, thereby ensuring its formability and the uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in the matrix. It is also crucial to control the extrusion amount, as excessive extrusion can cause defects such as flash and voids in the deposited layer, and increase pressure on the substrate, potentially damaging it in practical applications. Conversely, insufficient extruded material will result in a lack of material for the deposited layer to form.

[0045] Among these technologies, triboelectric deposition possesses a unique ability to pre-soften metals. By rotating and rubbing the metal with a die, the alloy undergoes intense thermoplastic deformation, introducing a high proportion of large-angle amorphous grain boundaries. Introducing more amorphous grain boundaries into polycrystalline metals can significantly soften the metal before melting. Simultaneously, a high proportion of large-angle amorphous grain boundaries is more conducive to promoting grain boundary sliding and reducing flow stress in fine-grained alloys at high temperatures. Thermoplastic deformation relies on friction and extrusion between the die and the material. Process parameters determine the thermoplastic deformation process; therefore, a reasonable coupling of process parameters is required to achieve a viscoplastic rheological state, ensuring the formability of the deposited layer. Parameters that are too high or too low will cause defects in the deposited layer. The addition of reinforcing phases can improve the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of the deposited layer; however, excessive reinforcing phase content may cause agglomeration, leading to stress concentration during stress, which in turn reduces the strength and wear resistance of the deposited layer.

[0046] During the friction extrusion deposition process, the raw material rods undergo multiple material deformations, reinforcement phase dispersions, and breakages. These processes continuously promote the refinement of material grains and the dispersion and breakage of the reinforcement phases, resulting in an equiaxed fine-grained structure in the deposited layer. At the same time, the reinforcement phases are uniformly distributed in the matrix, which helps to improve the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of the deposited layer.

[0047] On the other hand, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, which are obtained by any of the above preparation methods, wherein the grain size in the aluminum-based composite material deposition layer is 0.01-30 μm.

[0048] Grain boundaries are transitional regions between adjacent grains, characterized by disordered atomic arrangement and elastic distortion. When dislocations (line defects in crystals) move to grain boundaries, they cannot directly pass through due to the different orientations of adjacent grains. They require re-excitation or alteration of the slip system, thus necessitating a greater external force. The deposited material of this invention has finer grains and a greater number of grain boundaries per unit volume, significantly hindering dislocation movement and resulting in superior mechanical properties of the deposited layer.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the friction extrusion deposition process of the present invention. In this process, the raw material 1 is loaded into the non-rotating cavity 2 of the deposition tool. Under the action of axial forging force, the raw material and the rotating mold 3 rub against each other rapidly. The raw material at the bottom of the non-rotating cavity 2 is subjected to friction and deformation heat to reach a viscoplastic rheological state. The softened material is squeezed out at the opening like "squeezing toothpaste" and deposited on the substrate along a predetermined route, thereby forming an aluminum-based composite material 5.

[0050] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] This embodiment provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, including the following steps:

[0053] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0054] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, with a B4C particle volume fraction (x) of 17 vol.%; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0055] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0056] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 500 rpm, 28 mm / min, and 200 mm / min, respectively. The immersion layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 35 mm.

[0057] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s-1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 above.

[0058] The above parameters satisfy the formula: Where q = 0.0425.

[0059] The bonding between the aluminum-based composite material deposited layer and the aluminum alloy component (substrate) obtained in this embodiment is shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, the deposited layer is well formed and tightly bonded to the aluminum alloy component matrix. No obvious pores or cracks were observed in the deposited layer. Figure 3 The microstructure of the obtained deposition layer shows that the boron carbide particles are evenly distributed.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, including the following steps:

[0062] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0063] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, with a B4C particle volume fraction (x) of 35 vol.%; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0064] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0065] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 800 rpm, 28 mm / min, and 200 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 35 mm.

[0066] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×101 above.

[0067] The above parameters satisfy the formula: Where q=0.0341. The aluminum-based composite material deposited layer obtained in this embodiment has good formation and is densely bonded to the aluminum alloy component matrix.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] This embodiment provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, including the following steps:

[0070] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0071] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, with a B4C particle volume fraction (x) of 17 vol.%; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0072] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0073] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 3000 rpm, 2000 mm / min, and 500 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 35 mm.

[0074] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 above.

[0075] The above parameters satisfy the formula: Where q = 0.3096. The bonding between the aluminum-based composite material deposited layer and the aluminum alloy component (substrate) obtained in this embodiment is shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, the deposited layer is well formed and tightly bonded to the aluminum alloy component matrix. No obvious pores or cracks were observed in the deposited layer. Figure 3 The microstructure of the obtained deposition layer shows that the boron carbide particles are evenly distributed.

[0076] The aluminum-based composite material deposited layer obtained in this embodiment has good shape and is densely bonded to the aluminum alloy component matrix.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] This embodiment provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, including the following steps:

[0079] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0080] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Cu-Mg alloy, and the volume fraction x of SiC particles is 17 vol.%; the cross-sectional area r of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0081] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0082] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 600 rpm, 28 mm / min, and 200 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 35 mm.

[0083] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 above.

[0084] The above parameters satisfy the formula: Where q=0.0295. The aluminum-based composite material deposited layer obtained in this embodiment has good formation and is densely bonded to the aluminum alloy component matrix.

[0085] Example 5

[0086] This embodiment provides an additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components, including the following steps:

[0087] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0088] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is Al, with a volume fraction (x) of 28 vol.% for Al2O3 particles; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0089] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0090] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 800 rpm, 28 mm / min, and 150 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 40 mm.

[0091] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 above.

[0092] The above parameters satisfy the formula: Where q = 0.0234.

[0093] The aluminum-based composite material deposited layer obtained in this embodiment has good shape and is densely bonded to the aluminum alloy component matrix.

[0094] Comparative Example 1

[0095] This comparative example provides an additive manufacturing method for an aluminum-based composite material component, comprising the following steps:

[0096] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0097] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, with a B4C particle volume fraction (x) of 17 vol.%; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0098] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0099] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 500 rpm, 28 mm / min, and 5000 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 35 mm.

[0100] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 above.

[0101] The above parameters do not satisfy the formula: Where q = 1.0625.

[0102] In this comparative example, the triboelectric extrusion deposition parameters do not satisfy x = s 2 π rhq / v1 v2 k,q=1.0625 Wherein, the deposition mold travels too fast and the heat input is too small, resulting in insufficient softening of the raw material and insufficient material deformation.

[0103] Comparative Example 2

[0104] This comparative example provides an additive manufacturing method for an aluminum-based composite material component, comprising the following steps:

[0105] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0106] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, with a B4C particle volume fraction (x) of 17 vol.%; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0107] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0108] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 500 rpm, 1000 mm / min, and 200 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 35 mm.

[0109] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶.1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 above.

[0110] The above parameters do not satisfy the formula: Where q = 1.52.

[0111] The aluminum-based composite material deposited layer obtained in this comparative example is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the deposition layer is not well-formed. This is because the frictional compression deposition parameters do not satisfy x = s. 2 π rhq / v1 v2 k, q=1.52, where the axial propulsion speed is too fast, the raw material gets blocked in the mold and cannot form a deposition layer.

[0112] Comparative Example 3

[0113] This comparative example provides an additive manufacturing method for an aluminum-based composite material component, comprising the following steps:

[0114] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0115] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, with a B4C particle volume fraction (x) of 17 vol.%; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 10 mm². 2 .

[0116] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0117] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the raw material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 180 rpm, 100 mm / min, and 100 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 0.5 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 20 mm.

[0118] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 In the above, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 above.

[0119] The above parameters do not satisfy the formula: Where q = 6.8.

[0120] In this comparative example, the deposition mold rotation speed is less than 200 rpm, and the friction extrusion deposition parameters do not satisfy x = s 2 π r hq / v1 v2 k, q=6.8, where the rotational speed is too low, the frictional extrusion heat is small, the material cannot soften, and a deposition layer cannot be formed, such as Figure 5 As shown.

[0121] Comparative Example 4

[0122] This comparative example provides an additive manufacturing method for an aluminum-based composite material component, comprising the following steps:

[0123] Preparation steps: The surface of the aluminum alloy component (substrate) is mechanically ground, cleaned, and dried, and then fixed using a fixing assembly. Aluminum-based composite material rods are selected as the raw material.

[0124] The matrix alloy in the aluminum-based composite rod is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, with a B4C particle volume fraction (x) of 17 vol.%; the cross-sectional area (r) of the preform is 100 mm². 2 .

[0125] Friction extrusion deposition step: Using the above-mentioned preform as raw material, friction extrusion deposition is performed to form an aluminum-based composite material on the substrate;

[0126] The rotational speed s of the deposition mold, the axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material, and the transverse speed V2 of the deposition mold are 10 rpm, 2 mm / min, and 20 mm / min, respectively. The deposition layer thickness h is 1 mm, and the deposition layer width k is 35 mm.

[0127] When the material rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, the local strain rate is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 Below, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 Below, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is within 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 Below, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 the following.

[0128] The aluminum-based composite material deposited in this comparative example was not formed. This is because the local strain rate was 1×10⁻⁶ when the material rubbed against the inner surface of the deposition mold. 1 s -1Below, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 Below, when the material undergoes plastic deformation through a rotating deposition mold, the local strain rate of the material is within 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 Below, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 The following applies. In some cases, the local strain and strain rate of the material are too low, preventing the raw material from deforming sufficiently within the mold. This results in inadequate softening of the material, blockage within the mold, and failure to form a deposited layer. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the advantageous technical features of the above-mentioned methods can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.

[0129] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An additive manufacturing method for an aluminum-based composite material component, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: An aluminum-based composite material rod material is deposited onto a substrate material by friction extrusion deposition through the following steps to obtain an aluminum-based composite material component; the aluminum-based composite material rod material includes an aluminum matrix and a reinforcing phase; Step 1: The aluminum-based composite rod rubs against the inner surface of the deposition mold, and the local strain rate of the material is 1×10⁻⁶. 1 s -1 The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 The above results in localized deformation and softening, with the average size of the reinforcing phase decreasing by more than 5%. Step 2: Feed the softened aluminum-based composite material into the extrusion orifice of the deposition mold; Step 3: The aluminum-based composite material is extruded from the die's extrusion orifice and deposited onto the substrate. Rotating the die causes plastic deformation of the deposited material, with the local strain rate of the material reaching... The above, the dependent variable is in the range of 1×10 1 The average size of the reinforcing phase decreased by more than 10%; In the step of the triboelectric extrusion deposition: The process parameters for triboelectric deposition satisfy the following formula: Where x is the volume percentage of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite (vol.%), s is the rotational speed of the deposition mold (rpm), and r is the cross-sectional area of ​​the raw material (mm). 2 h is the thickness of the deposition layer, mm; q is a fixed coefficient, 0≤q≤1; V1 is the axial feeding speed of the feed material, mm / min; V2 is the transverse speed of the deposition mold, mm / min; k is the width of the deposition layer, mm.

2. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the friction extrusion deposition step: the rotational speed of the deposition mold is greater than 200 rpm.

3. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of friction extrusion deposition: the extrusion ratio is greater than 2:

1.

4. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of the triboelectric extrusion deposition: The aluminum-based composite material is extruded between the deposition die extrusion orifice and the substrate. After being stirred by the rotating deposition die protrusion tool, the average size of the reinforcing phase is reduced to less than 75% of its original size.

5. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum-based composite rod is composed of an aluminum alloy and a reinforcing phase, wherein the reinforcing phase is one or more of ceramic particles, intermetallic compounds, and cemented carbide, and the size of the reinforcing phase is 0.001-30 μm.

6. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume content of the reinforcing phase in the entire aluminum-based composite material is 0%≤x≤35vol.%.

7. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reinforcing phase accounts for 17% ≤ x ≤ 35 vol.% of the total volume of the aluminum matrix composite material.

8. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial feeding speed V1 of the feed material satisfies: 5mm / min≤V1≤500mm / min.

9. The additive manufacturing method for aluminum-based composite material components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transverse velocity V2 of the deposition mold satisfies: 5mm / min≤V2≤2000mm / min.

10. An additive manufacturing method for an aluminum-based composite material component, characterized in that, The grain size within the aluminum-based composite material component is 0.01-30 μm.

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