An electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool

Abstract

This invention provides an electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool, which comprises a frame, motor, gears, gear ring, magnetic poles, sealing ring, bearing end cap, bearing, felt ring, support ring, electrode mounting plate, metal plate, rheological fluid, workpiece, support plate, front lifting mechanism, front support plate, rear support plate, rear lifting mechanism, baffle, power supply, and abrasive grains. Compared with existing technologies, the electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool proposed in this invention can perform electromagnetic rheological composite processing on the outer surface of slender pipes of different diameters, while simultaneously performing magnetorheological processing on their inner surface. The axial length of the grinding tool can be reasonably extended, and the rheological fluid can be precisely injected into the processing area of ​​the outer surface of the pipe, greatly improving processing efficiency. It also boasts high applicability, is environmentally friendly, and low in cost, meeting the requirements of industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of surface grinding / polishing technology, and specifically relates to an electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool. Background Technology

[0002] Slender tubing has wide applications in the nuclear industry, shipbuilding, and aerospace, such as nuclear fuel cladding tubes, deep-sea risers, and aviation ducts. During service, slender tubing often faces severe challenges including high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosion. These harsh operating conditions place stringent demands on the performance of slender tubing. Among these, the surface quality of slender tubing has a significant impact on its reliability and durability, and the presence of surface defects greatly increases the risk of equipment failure. Therefore, with the increasing demand for slender tubing, higher requirements are being placed on its surface quality.

[0003] Currently, mechanical polishing is commonly used for finishing slender tubular components. Taking nuclear fuel cladding tubes as an example, existing production lines often use abrasive belts to grind the outer surface, followed by internal sandblasting to treat the inner surface. However, research has revealed problems such as abrasive grain aggregation leading to surface scratches when abrasive belts grind the outer surface, and inconsistent wear of multiple belts grinding the tube simultaneously, easily causing wall thickness tolerances to exceed limits. Furthermore, the belts wear out quickly, resulting in low grinding efficiency. For the inner surface, internal sandblasting also easily causes scratches and damage. The extremely high length-to-diameter ratio of slender tubular components also presents a series of processing challenges, such as workpiece chatter and uneven grinding. Currently, widely researched new finishing methods include magnetic abrasive polishing and magnetorheological polishing. Magnetic abrasive polishing, which uses magnetic abrasive brushes to polish tubing, is a promising processing method. However, it has several drawbacks: firstly, the poor fluidity of solid magnetic abrasives during processing leads to low efficiency; secondly, solid magnetic abrasives tend to float and remain in the air, causing dust pollution and harming operator health. Magnetorheological polishing utilizes the magnetorheological effect to form a semi-solid chain structure that interacts with the surface being processed, achieving a smooth finish. However, this method also suffers from low shear strength of the magnetorheological fluid and abrasive accumulation in non-processed areas, resulting in low processing efficiency. Furthermore, due to the different processing steps for internal and external surfaces, the processing efficiency of slender tubing remains low, and the design of finishing tools is challenging, resulting in a limited number of tools specifically designed for slender tubing. In conclusion, existing manufacturing technologies struggle to meet the rapid finishing requirements of slender tubing, limiting its application in various fields.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a finishing tool that can efficiently improve surface quality, is highly applicable, and is environmentally friendly, in order to address the challenge of rapid finishing of slender tubular components. This tool can not only provide important technical support for the development of my country's nuclear industry, shipbuilding, and aerospace, but also play a significant role in improving my country's advanced manufacturing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of poor abrasive flowability, low shear strength of magnetorheological fluid, and low processing efficiency in the current finishing of pipe fittings, this invention proposes an electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool that can simultaneously generate electrorheological and magnetorheological effects by leveraging the electrorheological effect to enhance the chain structure formed by the magnetorheological effect.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool, comprising a frame motor, gears, a gear ring, magnetic poles, an electrode mounting plate, a metal plate, a rheological fluid, a workpiece, and a power supply, characterized in that:

[0007] The workpiece rotates and feeds during the processing. The motor drives the gear and drives the gear ring and magnetic pole to rotate in the opposite direction to the workpiece, so as to form a constantly changing magnetic field. Several metal plates are fixed on the electrode mounting plate, and adjacent metal plates are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply in an alternating manner to form an electric field with alternating positive and negative poles.

[0008] The rheology fluid is introduced from one side of the workpiece, filling the workpiece with the rheology fluid, and collected at the outlet for recycling;

[0009] The rheological fluid is simultaneously input into the electrode mounting plate and seeps onto the outer surface of the workpiece through the axial injection hole and the radial seepage hole; the rheological fluid can act on the inner and outer surfaces of the workpiece at the same time, that is, the inner and outer surfaces of the workpiece can be processed in one process at the same time.

[0010] Furthermore, the axial dimension of the electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool can be reasonably extended. At this time, the electrode mounting plate, magnetic pole, and electrode are also extended. Simultaneously, the axial liquid supply hole on the electrode mounting plate will also be extended, and the number of radial liquid seepage holes will also increase, so as to increase the working area of ​​the rheological fluid and improve the processing efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, the rheological fluid exhibits both electrorheological and magnetorheological effects. Under the influence of an electromagnetic coupling field, it interacts with the outer surface of the workpiece, performing electromagnetic rheological composite processing on the outer surface. The inner surface of the workpiece is shielded and has no electric field effect, so the rheological fluid only performs magnetorheological processing on the inner surface. As the rheological fluid is continuously input, the rheological fluid and abrasive particles involved in the processing are continuously replaced. When it leaves the processing area, the rheological fluid is recycled for reuse.

[0012] Furthermore, the magnetic pole is ring-shaped and consists of several fan-shaped magnets connected together. The magnets do not cover the entire magnetic pole, so that the abrasive grains are constrained by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic part and follow the magnetic part to rotate in the opposite direction to the rotation of the workpiece, and interact with each other to achieve processing.

[0013] Furthermore, the electrode mounting plate is removable and replaceable, and can be matched with workpieces of different radii to increase the applicability of the electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool, and ensure that it is easy to disassemble and replace when the metal plate electrode is damaged.

[0014] Furthermore, the magnetic poles are permanent magnets or electromagnets.

[0015] Furthermore, the electrode mounting plate is evenly distributed with axial injection holes and radial seepage holes to ensure that the rheological fluid accurately enters the workpiece's outer surface processing area.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and significant effects:

[0017] This invention offers high processing efficiency, enabling simultaneous finishing of both the outer and inner surfaces of pipe fittings. By utilizing the electrorheological effect, an attractive electric field is created between the abrasive grains. The synergistic effect of the electromagnetic coupling field enhances the structural strength of the magnetorheological chain and strengthens control over the abrasive grains. This invention performs electromagnetic rheological composite machining on the outer surface of the pipe fitting while simultaneously performing magnetorheological machining on its inner surface, achieving simultaneous processing of both the inner and outer surfaces in a single step. This significantly reduces processing time and improves processing efficiency while meeting the pipe fitting processing requirements.

[0018] (2) Wide applicability, applicable to finishing of pipe fittings of different radii. The present invention proposes a detachable, replaceable electrode mounting plate that matches the pipe fitting radius, suitable for finishing of pipe fittings of different radii. The electrode mounting plate also facilitates the disassembly and replacement of metal plate electrodes when damaged.

[0019] (3) Green and environmentally friendly, low cost. The electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool proposed in this invention can expand the processing area by reasonably extending the axial length of the device, and only one grinding tool is needed to complete the pipe processing, which greatly reduces the cost. In addition, the rheological fluid can be accurately injected into the processing area of ​​the outer surface of the pipe through the axial injection hole and radial seepage hole on the electrode mounting plate, which can maximize the utilization of the rheological fluid. The structural design of this electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool also facilitates the recovery and circulation of the rheological fluid. As the pipe rotates, feeds, and the rheological fluid is continuously injected, the rheological fluid that has participated in the processing gradually leaves the area of ​​magnetic field and electric field action and returns to the liquid state. This not only facilitates recovery, but also does not generate dust pollution, which is extremely environmentally friendly.

[0020] Therefore, the electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool proposed in this invention can improve processing efficiency, has high applicability, and is energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and low-cost, meeting the requirements of industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Appendix Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic rheodynamic grinding and polishing tool.

[0022] Appendix Figure 2 This is a front view of an electromagnetic rheodynamic grinding and polishing tool.

[0023] Appendix Figure 3 This is a rear view of an electromagnetic rheodynamic grinding and polishing tool.

[0024] Appendix Figure 4 This is a front view of the processing area.

[0025] Appendix Figure 5 This is a rear view of the processing area.

[0026] Appendix Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the electrode mounting plate.

[0027] Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a metal plate being energized.

[0028] Appendix Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the processing under the action of an energy field, electric field, magnetic field, and electromagnetic coupling field.

[0029] Appendix Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the machining process when the magnetic poles are not rotating.

[0030] Appendix Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the machining process when the magnetic poles rotate 90°.

[0031] The components are: 1-frame, 2-motor, 3-gear, 4-gear ring, 5-magnetic pole, 6-sealing ring, 7-bearing end cover, 8-bearing, 9-felt ring, 10-support ring, 11-electrode mounting plate, 12-metal plate, 13-rheological fluid, 14-workpiece, 15-support plate, 16-front lifting mechanism, 17-front support plate, 18-rear support plate, 19-rear lifting mechanism, 20-baffle, 21-power supply, 22-abrasive grain. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figure 1-10 The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment proposes an electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool, including a frame 1, a motor 2, a gear 3, a gear ring 4, a magnetic pole 5, a sealing ring 6, a bearing end cap 7, a bearing 8, a felt ring 9, a support ring 10, an electrode mounting plate 11, a metal plate 12, a rheological fluid 13, a workpiece 14, a support plate 15, a front lifting mechanism 16, a front support plate 17, a rear support plate 18, a rear lifting mechanism 19, a baffle 20, a power supply 21, and abrasive particles 22.

[0034] The frame 1 is connected to a fixed wall, the motor 2 is fixed to the frame 1, and the output shaft of the motor 2 is connected to the gear 3. The gear ring 4 meshes with the gear 3 and is connected to the magnetic pole 5.

[0035] Magnetic pole 5 is composed of several connected sector magnets, but the magnets do not cover the entire magnetic pole 5. For example, attached... Figure 2 The magnets shown are arranged at 270° to constrain the abrasive grains 22 with the magnetic field generated by the magnets, and to make them rotate in the same direction as the magnets, with the rotation direction opposite to that of the workpiece 14, and to interact with each other to achieve the machining.

[0036] The support ring 10 is connected to the frame 1 and the bearing end cover 7. The bearing 8 is fixed between the support ring 10 and the magnetic pole 5 through the bearing end cover 7. To ensure the bearing is sealed, the sealing ring 6 is fitted with the bearing end cover 7 and the magnetic pole 5, and the felt ring 9 is fitted with the bearing end cover 7 and the support ring 10.

[0037] The front support plate 17 is connected to the bearing end cover 7, the front lifting mechanism 16 is fixed on the front support plate 17, the rear support plate 18 is connected to the frame 1, and the rear lifting mechanism 19 is fixed on the baffle 20. The support plate 15 is connected to the front lifting mechanism 16 and the rear lifting mechanism 19 respectively to support the workpiece 14.

[0038] Axial injection holes and radial seepage holes are evenly distributed on the electrode mounting plate 11, and it is connected to the frame 1 and the support ring 10. Several metal plates 12 are fixed on the electrode mounting plate 11, and adjacent metal plates are alternately connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply 21 to form an electric field action area with alternating positive and negative terminals.

[0039] The rheology fluid 13 is introduced from one side of the workpiece 14 by an existing fluid supply mechanism, filling the workpiece 14 with the rheology fluid 13 and collecting it at the outlet for recycling. On the other hand, the rheology fluid 13 is simultaneously introduced into the electrode mounting plate 11 and seeps onto the outer surface of the workpiece 14 through axial injection holes and radial seepage holes.

[0040] The working principle of this invention is briefly described below: During processing, the workpiece 14 is supported by two rows of guide wheels arranged on both sides of the electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing device, and undergoes rotation and forward feed motion. One row of guide wheels has a certain tilt angle and is connected to the power system via a universal joint, driving the rotation of this row of guide wheels and thus rotating and feeding the workpiece forward. The other row of guide wheels is not connected to the power system and only provides support and assists in the rotation of the workpiece. The front lifting mechanism 16 and the rear lifting mechanism 19 synchronously drive the support plate 15 to support the workpiece 14, and work in conjunction with the detachable, replaceable, and pipe-radius-matching electrode mounting plate 11 for processing workpieces of different pipe diameters. The motor 2 drives the gear 3, which in turn drives the gear ring 4 and the magnetic pole 5 to rotate in the opposite direction to the workpiece 14, forming a continuously changing magnetic field region.

[0041] Several metal plates 12 are fixed on the electrode mounting plate 11, and adjacent metal plates are staggered and connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply 21 to form an electric field region. Rheological fluid 13 is input into the electrode mounting plate 11 and seeps into the outer surface of the workpiece 14 through the axial injection hole and radial seepage hole on it. The rheological fluid 13 is also input from one side of the workpiece 14 to fill the tube space and is collected at the outlet for recycling.

[0042] The rheological fluid 13 is composed of a base fluid, a dispersant, and abrasive particles 22 with strong magnetic properties, high dielectric properties, and excellent machinability. It exhibits both electrorheological and magnetorheological effects. Under the action of an electromagnetic coupling field, it can strengthen the chains formed by a single magnetic field and a single electric field, forming a high-strength semi-solid chain structure that interacts with the outer surface of the workpiece 14, performing electromagnetic rheological composite processing on the outer surface. For the workpiece 14, which has good conductivity and lacks diamagnetism, when the magnetic and electric fields act together, the workpiece 14 will generate an electric field shield due to its conductivity, preventing the electric field from penetrating the workpiece 14. Since the workpiece lacks diamagnetism, the magnetic field can penetrate the workpiece 14 and enter its interior. Because the inner surface of the workpiece 14 is shielded and has virtually no electric field effect, the rheological fluid 13 only performs magnetorheological processing on the inner surface.

[0043] As attached Figure 8-10 As shown, the magnetic pole 5 rotates clockwise, and the workpiece 14 rotates counterclockwise. When the magnetic pole 5 is not rotating, the abrasive particles 22 will accumulate because the magnetic field on the upper part of the workpiece 14 is stronger. The abrasive particles 22 on the outer surface of the tube are affected by electromagnetic field coupling, and the abrasive particles 22 on the inner surface of the tube are affected by the magnetic field. At this time, the lower part of the workpiece 14 is directly facing the part of the magnetic pole 5 without a magnet and is not directly facing the electrode mounting plate 11, so there are no abrasive particles 22 on the outer surface of the tube, and the abrasive particles 22 on the inner surface of the tube are less affected by the magnetic field.

[0044] like Figure 10As shown, when the magnetic pole 5 rotates to 90°, the magnetic field is weaker on the left side of the workpiece 14 because it faces the part of the magnetic pole 5 without a magnet. The abrasive particles 22 on the outer surface of the tube are only affected by the electric field, while the abrasive particles 22 on the inner surface of the tube are almost not affected by the energy field due to the shielding effect of the workpiece 14. At this time, the magnetic field is stronger on the right side of the workpiece 14, so the abrasive particles 22 will accumulate there. The abrasive particles 22 on the outer surface of the tube are affected by electromagnetic field coupling, while the abrasive particles 22 on the inner surface of the tube are affected by the magnetic field.

[0045] As the rheology fluid 13 is continuously input, the rheology fluid 13 and abrasive particles 22 involved in the processing are constantly replaced. When they leave the processing area, the semi-solid chain structure gradually transforms back into a liquid state and is recycled for reuse.

[0046] This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art can implement this invention using various other specific embodiments based on the disclosed content of the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Therefore, any design that adopts the design structure and concept of this invention and makes some simple changes or modifications falls within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool, comprising a frame, a motor (2), a gear (3), a gear ring (4), a magnetic pole (5), an electrode mounting plate (11), a metal plate (12), a rheological fluid (13), a workpiece (14), and a power supply (21), characterized in that: The workpiece (14) rotates and feeds during the processing. The motor (2) drives the gear (3) and drives the gear ring (4) and the magnetic pole (5) to rotate. The rotation direction is opposite to that of the workpiece (14) to form a constantly changing magnetic field. Several metal plates (12) are fixed on the electrode mounting plate (11), and adjacent metal plates are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply (21) in an alternating manner to form an electric field with alternating positive and negative poles. The rheological fluid (13) is introduced from one side of the workpiece (14) to fill the workpiece (14) with the rheological fluid (13) and collected at the outlet for recycling; The rheological fluid (13) is simultaneously input into the electrode mounting plate (11) and seeps onto the outer surface of the workpiece (14) through the axial injection hole and the radial seepage hole; the rheological fluid (13) can act on the inner and outer surfaces of the workpiece (14) at the same time, that is, the inner and outer surfaces of the workpiece (14) can be processed in one process at the same time. The rheological fluid (13) has both electrorheological and magnetorheological effects. Under the action of the electromagnetic coupling field, it interacts with the outer surface of the workpiece (14) and performs electromagnetic rheological composite processing on the outer surface. The inner surface of the workpiece (14) is shielded and has no electric field effect. The rheological fluid (13) only performs magnetorheological processing on the inner surface. As the rheological fluid (13) is continuously input, the rheological fluid (13) and abrasive particles (22) participating in the processing are continuously replaced. When it leaves the processing area, the rheological fluid (13) is recycled for reuse. The magnetic pole (5) is ring-shaped and is composed of several fan-shaped magnets connected together. The magnets do not cover the entire magnetic pole (5) so that the abrasive grains (22) are constrained by the magnetic field generated by the part with the magnet and follow the part with the magnet to rotate in the opposite direction to the rotation of the workpiece (14) and interact with each other to achieve processing.

2. The electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial dimension of the electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool can be reasonably extended. At this time, the positive and negative poles of the electrode mounting plate, magnetic pole, and power supply (21) are also extended. At the same time, the axial liquid supply hole on the electrode mounting plate will also be extended, and the number of radial liquid seepage holes will also increase, so as to increase the working area of ​​the rheological fluid and improve the processing efficiency.

3. The electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode mounting plate (11) is removable and replaceable and can be matched with workpieces of different radii to increase the applicability of the electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool and ensure that it is easy to disassemble and replace when the metal plate electrode is damaged.

4. The electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic pole (5) is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

5. The electromagnetic rheological grinding and polishing tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electrode mounting plate (11) is provided with axial injection holes and radial seepage holes to allow the rheological fluid to accurately enter the workpiece outer surface processing area.

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