A method of improving beef quality

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of beef cattle feeding, and particularly relates to a feeding method for improving beef quality and producing snowflake beef, which comprises feeding 0.5-1.0 kg of soybean waxy rice powder mixture per head per day under the condition of feeding a basic daily ration; the soybean waxy rice powder mixture is prepared by mixing fried soybean powder and fried waxy rice powder at a mass ratio of 2:1, and then uniformly mixing salt at a proportion of 1% of the total mass. The soybean waxy rice powder mixture is added to the basic daily ration, which not only promotes beef cattle to increase appetite and improve food intake, i.e. the intake of nutritional substances, but also improves the absorption and digestion capacity of beef cattle and reduces the influence of anti-nutritional factors, i.e. improves the conversion and absorption rate of nutritional substances, so that the growth performance, slaughtering performance and beef quality of beef cattle are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of beef cattle breeding technology, specifically relating to a breeding method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of living standards, people's consumption patterns have undergone significant changes, shifting from quantity-based satisfaction to quality-based demands, leading to a continuous increase in the demand for higher-quality beef and its products. Currently, my country ranks third in the world in beef production, but the high-end beef market has long been dominated by foreign products.

[0003] Snowflake beef refers to beef with fat deposited between muscle fibers, forming a distinct red and white marbling pattern, resembling marble. It is a high-end meat product that combines nutrition and health benefits. Snowflake beef is characterized by its bright red color, prominent marbling, tender and juicy texture, low cholesterol content, and high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[0004] Polyunsaturated fatty acids participate in the synthesis of phospholipids and are major components of lipids in biological membranes such as cell membranes, mitochondrial membranes, and plasma membranes. They are essential substances for maintaining the structure and function of biological membranes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can regulate lipid metabolism in the human body, lower blood lipids, inhibit thrombus formation, treat and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and promote intellectual development. In addition, they play important physiological roles in anti-cancer, immune regulation, delaying aging, weight loss, and beauty. EPA and DHA have important functions for the nervous system, including improving brain function, memory, and vision. In particular, they can promote fetal brain cell development and infant brain cell growth, improve memory in adolescents, and prevent Alzheimer's disease, among other benefits.

[0005] Recent studies both domestically and internationally have shown that dietary composition is a crucial factor influencing beef quality, with marbling, tenderness, and fatty acid composition being related to diet type. To improve beef quality, enhance the economic benefits of cattle farming, and promote the development of the beef cattle industry, this invention discloses a method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef. This method is simple to operate, effective, and easy to promote.

[0006] Patent CN104431491A discloses a rapid fattening feed for beef cattle and its preparation method. The raw materials, by weight, are: corn flour 400-500g, soybean flour 300-400g, oat flour 160-200g, blood meal 120-160g, wheat flour 130-150g, silage 100-150g, millet 50-60g, malt 40-50g, red beans 30-40g, cassia seeds 2-3g, and angelica root 3- 4. Ligusticum chuanxiong 3-4g, Corydalis yanhusuo 2-3g, beet pulp 40-50g, waste molasses 30-40g, calcium fruit 30-40g, raspberry 20-30g, green bell pepper 10-20g, sugarcane stalk 60-70g, clematis 50-60g, banana leaves 40-50g, corn cob 30-40g, palm meal 90-130g, soy sauce residue 60-90g, kudzu root powder 80-120g, winter melon seeds 30-40g, palatability enhancer 20-30g, water as needed.

[0007] Patent CN105076842A discloses a special feed for beef cattle, whose palatability enhancer is made from the following ingredients in parts by weight: glutinous rice 30-40, kiwi fruit powder 15-20, honey-processed pomelo peel 8-12, eggs 1-2, sheep marrow 6-10, camellia oil 5-6, soy sauce 5-6, brown sugar 4-5, cowpea shells 10-15, freeze-dried carrot powder 5-10, red dates 4-5, Lindera root 1-2, jujube kernel 1-2, Bletilla rhizome 5-6, privet fruit 2-3, Polygonatum rhizome 6-7, eagle tea 6-7, and appropriate amount of water.

[0008] Patent CN104304669A discloses a fermented high-quality fattening feed for beef cattle, characterized by the following weight proportions of its raw materials: soybean meal 400-500, cottonseed meal 300-400, edible mushroom residue 100-200, millet bran 100-200, distiller's grains 200-300, tree bark 30-50, sawdust 40-50, bentonite 20-30, stone powder 10-20, and fermentation agent 1.7-3.5. Ingredients: 300-400g cornmeal, 100-200g glutinous rice flour, 50-80g corn leaves, 50-60g soybean stalks, 30-50g coral vine, 30-50g cogongrass, 2-3g privet fruit, 2-3g bellflower, 3-4g citrus peel, 3-5g saposhnikovia root, 2-3g bamboo leaves, 20-30g black sesame seeds, 5-10g jasmine flowers, 30-40g pork bone meal, 20-30g skim milk powder, 10-20g red dates, 30-50g palatability enhancer, and appropriate amount of water.

[0009] Patent CN105124149A discloses a beef cattle feed to enhance immunity, characterized by being made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: wheat bran 60-65, soybean flour 50-60, glutinous rice flour 20-25, malt powder 15-20, corn stalks 20-25, scallop meat 4-5, lettuce leaves 30-35, pine pollen 6-8, sorghum stalks 3-4, dill 2-3, wild chrysanthemum 1-2, green plum 1-2, baijiu lees 20-30, banana sugar 4-6, yeast 3-4, palatability enhancer 3-4, and appropriate amount of water.

[0010] However, the existing beef cattle feed formulas are complex and costly, which is not conducive to their widespread adoption. Summary of the Invention

[0011] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a feeding method to improve beef quality and produce marbled beef.

[0012] Specifically, this is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0013] A feeding method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef includes feeding a mixture of soybean and glutinous rice flour at a rate of 0.5-1.0 kg / (head·day) on a basic diet. The soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture is made by mixing roasted soybean flour and roasted glutinous rice flour in a mass ratio of 2:1, and then adding salt at a ratio of 1% of the total mass and mixing evenly.

[0014] The roasted soybean powder is made by placing sun-dried soybeans in an iron pot, heating them over low heat and stirring constantly for 10 to 15 minutes until the soybean skins turn golden brown and a soybean aroma can be smelled. After cooling, the soybeans are then ground into powder.

[0015] The stir-fried glutinous rice flour is prepared by placing glutinous rice in an iron pot, heating it over low heat and stirring constantly for 5 to 10 minutes. When the surface of the glutinous rice is slightly browned and you can smell the aroma of rice, remove it, cool it, and then grind it into powder.

[0016] The basic diet consists of 30.65% corn, 5.14% wheat bran, 4.62% soybean meal, 22.02% distiller's grains, 17.82% rice straw, 17.35% corn silage, and 2.4% premix by weight percentage.

[0017] A method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef involves free-range stall feeding. Initially, cattle are fed a basic ration as usual. Once most cattle have eaten their fill and stopped eating, a mixture of soybean and glutinous rice flour (0.5-1 kg / head) is fed twice daily, morning and evening, depending on the size of the cattle. Specific feeding methods for the soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture are as follows: 1) If the intake of certain substances is ≥ 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, the soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture is poured into the feeding trough for free consumption. The daily amount of the mixture is weighed at 0.5-1.0 kg / head. 2) If the intake of certain substances is < 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, the soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture is poured onto the remaining ration in the feeding trough, mixed well, and then allowed to be consumed freely. The daily amount of the mixture is weighed at 0.5-1.0 kg / head.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention relates to a soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture that is rich in nutrients, has a distinct aroma, and is highly palatable, possessing excellent appetite-stimulating and nutritional supplementation effects. Soybeans are an ideal high-quality plant protein feed ingredient, containing 35%–40% protein with a relatively balanced essential amino acid profile, making them a superior protein source. Soybeans contain approximately 20% fat, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial for increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in beef. Soybeans are also rich in vitamin E, which has antioxidant properties and can improve the color of beef. Glutinous rice contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, and starch, making it a highly nutritious and warming food. It has the effects of tonifying the middle energizer, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and stopping night sweats. It also has a certain alleviating effect on poor appetite, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. It is suitable for symptoms such as nausea, decreased appetite, diarrhea caused by spleen and stomach deficiency, and night sweats, shortness of breath, weakness, and abdominal distension during pregnancy caused by qi deficiency. This invention involves stir-frying soybeans and glutinous rice, which not only denatures proteins and gelatinizes starches, thus facilitating digestion and absorption, but also effectively destroys anti-nutritional factors in soybeans, eliminating their irritating effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, stir-frying brings out the aroma and flavor, thereby improving palatability and appetite appeal.

[0020] This invention adds a mixture of soybean and glutinous rice flour to the basic diet. On the one hand, it encourages beef cattle to increase their appetite and food intake, thereby increasing the intake of nutrients. On the other hand, it improves the absorption and digestion capacity of beef cattle and reduces the impact of anti-nutritional factors, thereby improving the conversion and absorption rate of nutrients. Therefore, from these two aspects, the nutritional needs of fattening beef cattle are met, and the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of beef cattle are improved. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Any improvements or substitutions based on the basic spirit of these embodiments shall still fall within the scope of protection claimed by the claims of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef includes the following steps:

[0024] 1) Roasted soybean powder: Place dried soybeans in an iron pot, heat over low heat and stir-fry continuously for 10 minutes until the soybean skin turns yellow and you can smell the aroma of soybeans. Remove from the pot, cool and grind into powder to make roasted soybean powder.

[0025] 2) Stir-fry glutinous rice flour: Place glutinous rice in an iron pot, heat over low heat and stir-fry continuously for 5 minutes. When the surface of the glutinous rice is slightly browned and you can smell the aroma of rice, take it out, cool it and grind it into powder to make stir-fried glutinous rice flour.

[0026] 3) To make the soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture: Mix roasted soybean flour and roasted glutinous rice flour in a 2:1 mass ratio, then add salt at a ratio of 1% of the total mass and mix well.

[0027] 4) Prepare the basic diet: By weight percentage, take 30.65% corn, 5.14% wheat bran, 4.62% soybean meal, 22.02% distillers' grains, 17.82% rice straw, 17.35% corn silage, and 2.4% premix and mix them evenly.

[0028] 5) Feeding: Cattle are fed in free-range stalls. Initially, use a basic ration and feed the cattle as usual. Once most cattle have eaten their fill and stopped eating, feed them 0.5 kg / head of a soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture twice a day, morning and evening, depending on their size. Specific feeding methods for the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture are as follows: 1) If the intake of certain substances is ≥ 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, pour the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture into the feeding trough and allow the cattle to eat freely; 2) If the intake of certain substances is < 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, pour the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture onto the remaining ration in the feeding trough, mix well, and allow the cattle to eat freely. The daily amount of soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture should be weighed at 0.5 kg / head and divided into two feedings, morning and evening, 0.25 kg / head each time.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef includes the following steps:

[0031] 1) Roasted soybean powder: Place dried soybeans in an iron pot, heat over low heat and stir-fry continuously for 15 minutes until the soybean skin turns yellow and you can smell the aroma of soybeans. Remove from the pot, cool and grind into roasted soybean powder.

[0032] 2) Stir-fry glutinous rice flour: Place glutinous rice in an iron pot, heat over low heat and stir-fry continuously for 10 minutes. When the surface of the glutinous rice is slightly browned and you can smell the aroma of rice, take it out, cool it and grind it into powder to make stir-fried glutinous rice flour.

[0033] 3) To make the soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture: Mix roasted soybean flour and roasted glutinous rice flour in a 2:1 mass ratio, then add salt at a ratio of 1% of the total mass and mix well.

[0034] 4) Prepare the basic diet: By weight percentage, take 30.65% corn, 5.14% wheat bran, 4.62% soybean meal, 22.02% distillers' grains, 17.82% rice straw, 17.35% corn silage, and 2.4% premix and mix them evenly.

[0035] 5) Feeding: Cattle are fed in free-range stalls. Initially, use a basic daily ration and feed the cattle as usual. Once most cattle have eaten their fill and stopped eating, feed them 1 kg / head of a soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture twice a day, morning and evening, depending on their size. Specific feeding methods for the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture are as follows: 1) If the intake of certain substances is ≥ 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, pour the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture into the feeding trough and allow the cattle to eat freely; 2) If the intake of certain substances is < 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, pour the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture onto the remaining ration in the feeding trough, mix well, and allow the cattle to eat freely. The daily amount of soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture should be weighed at 1.0 kg / head and fed twice a day, morning and evening, 0.5 kg / head each time.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] A method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef includes the following steps:

[0038] 1) Roasted soybean powder: Place dried soybeans in an iron pot, heat over low heat and stir-fry continuously for 12 minutes until the soybean skin is browned and you can smell the aroma of soybeans. Remove from the pot, cool and grind into roasted soybean powder.

[0039] 2) Stir-fry glutinous rice flour: Place glutinous rice in an iron pot, heat over low heat and stir-fry continuously for 8 minutes. When the surface of the glutinous rice is slightly browned and you can smell the aroma of rice, take it out, cool it and grind it into powder to make stir-fried glutinous rice flour.

[0040] 3) To make the soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture: Mix roasted soybean flour and roasted glutinous rice flour in a 2:1 mass ratio, then add salt at a ratio of 1% of the total mass and mix well.

[0041] 4) Prepare the basic diet: By weight percentage, take 30.65% corn, 5.14% wheat bran, 4.62% soybean meal, 22.02% distillers' grains, 17.82% rice straw, 17.35% corn silage, and 2.4% premix and mix them evenly.

[0042] 5) Feeding: Cattle are raised in free-range stalls. Initially, use a basic daily ration and feed the cattle as usual. Once most cattle have eaten their fill and stopped eating, feed them 0.8 kg / head of a soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture twice a day, morning and evening, depending on their size. Specific feeding methods for the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture are as follows: 1) If the intake of certain substances is ≥ 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, pour the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture into the feeding trough and allow the cattle to eat freely; 2) If the intake of certain substances is < 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, pour the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture onto the remaining ration in the feeding trough, mix well, and allow the cattle to eat freely. The daily amount of soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture should be weighed at 0.8 kg / head and fed twice a day, morning and evening, 0.4 kg / head each time.

[0043] control group

[0044] A feeding method for improving beef quality includes the following steps:

[0045] 1) Prepare the basic diet: By weight percentage, take 30.65% corn, 5.14% wheat bran, 4.62% soybean meal, 22.02% distillers' grains, 17.82% rice straw, 17.35% corn silage, and 2.4% premix and mix them evenly.

[0046] 2) Feeding: The basal diet is poured into the feeding trough and fed once in the morning and once in the evening. Feed and water are available freely.

[0047] Experimental Example

[0048] 1. Experimental Materials and Methods

[0049] Fifteen local cattle of similar weight (around 230 kg), similar age, and good health were selected as experimental cattle and randomly divided into three groups (control group, Example 1 group, and Example 2 group), with five cattle in each group. The initial weight of the cattle in each group did not differ significantly. The cattle were numbered, weighed, and dewormed before the experiment began. The experimental period was 4 months, with a transition period of 7 days.

[0050] The experimental cattle were raised in free-range stalls, fed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, with free access to water. The amount of feed and the amount of food left over were recorded daily, and the feed intake was calculated.

[0051] On the mornings of the start and end of the experiment, cattle were weighed on an empty stomach at 8:00 AM, and the initial and final weights were recorded as these, respectively. The feed conversion ratio was calculated. After the experiment, three healthy, normally growing cattle from each group were selected for slaughter to determine their slaughter performance. Meat quality was measured by taking the eye muscle from the 12th to 13th intercostal space.

[0052] 2. Test Results

[0053] 2.1 Effects of adding a mixture of soybean and glutinous rice flour on the growth performance of cattle

[0054] The growth performance results of each group of experimental cattle are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the growth performance of groups 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of groups 1 and 2 increased by 21.18% and 38.82%, respectively; feed intake increased by 7.93% and 5.54%, respectively; and feed conversion ratio decreased by 10.93% and 23.98%, respectively.

[0055] Table 1. Effects of adding soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture on cattle growth performance.

[0056]

[0057] 2.2 Effects of adding a mixture of soybean and glutinous rice flour on cattle slaughter performance and meat quality

[0058] The results of slaughter performance and meat quality tests of the experimental cattle in each group are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group, the carcass weight and net meat weight of cattle in Example 1 and Example 2 groups were improved, and the slaughter rate increased by 0.88 and 1.12 percentage points, respectively; the net meat rate increased by 0.62 and 0.64 percentage points, respectively.

[0059] The quality of the beef in the experimental groups was significantly improved. Compared with the control group, the shear force values ​​of the beef in Example 1 and Example 2 decreased by 6.49 N and 10.17 N, respectively, indicating improved tenderness. Compared with the control group, the marbling grade (score) of the beef in Example 1 and Example 2 increased by 0.66 and 1, respectively, indicating improved beef grade and the ability to produce marbled beef.

[0060] Table 2. Effects of adding soybean and glutinous rice flour mixture on cattle slaughter performance and meat quality.

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] *Note: The marbling grade of beef is graded according to the standard of "Beef Grading Specifications" (NY / T676-2010) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of my country.

Claims

1. A method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef, characterized in that, This includes feeding the animal with a mixture of soybean and glutinous rice flour at a rate of 0.5-1.0 kg / (head·day) on top of its basic diet; the mixture is made by mixing roasted soybean flour and roasted glutinous rice flour in a 2:1 mass ratio, and then adding salt at a ratio of 1% of the total mass and mixing evenly. The roasted soybean powder is made by placing sun-dried soybeans in an iron pot, heating them over a low heat and stirring constantly for 10 to 15 minutes until the soybean skins turn golden brown and you can smell the aroma of soybeans. After cooling, the soybeans are then ground into powder. The fried glutinous rice flour: Place glutinous rice in an iron pot, heat it over low heat and stir-fry continuously for 5 to 10 minutes. When the surface of the glutinous rice is slightly browned and you can smell the aroma of rice, take it out, cool it and then grind it into powder. The cattle are fed in free-range stalls. Initially, a basic daily ration is used, fed to the cattle as usual. Once most cattle have eaten their fill and stopped eating, the amount of soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture is adjusted according to the size of the cattle, with 0.5-1 kg / head per day, divided into two feedings in the morning and evening. Specific feeding methods for the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture are as follows: 1) If the intake of certain substances is ≥ 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture is poured into the feeding trough, allowing the cattle to eat freely. The daily amount of the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture is weighed at 0.5-1.0 kg / head; 2) If the intake of certain substances is < 1.9% of the cattle's body weight, the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture is poured onto the remaining ration in the feeding trough, mixed well, and then allowed to eat freely. The daily amount of the soybean-glutinous rice flour mixture is weighed at 0.5-1.0 kg / head.

2. The feeding method for improving beef quality and producing marbled beef as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The basic diet consists of 30.65% corn, 5.14% wheat bran, 4.62% soybean meal, 22.02% distiller's grains, 17.82% rice straw, 17.35% corn silage, and 2.4% premix by weight percentage.

Images