A Short-Process Dyeing and Finishing Method for Sensitive Colors in Nylon and Spandex Blended Fabrics

Abstract

This invention discloses a short-process dyeing and finishing method for sensitive colors in nylon and spandex blended fabrics, belonging to the field of fabric dyeing technology. The dyeing and finishing method of this invention includes dyeing, soaping, and washing steps. This invention adopts a rapid heating dyeing strategy, which not only smoothly integrates the degreasing process into the dyeing process, eliminating complex pretreatment procedures, but also effectively improves the coloring effect and fastness. Due to the rapid heating rate, no platform insulation is required, significantly reducing the consumption of electricity and steam during the dyeing process, and greatly shortening the dyeing time, while maintaining the performance of the spandex fibers. The dyed fabric is free of defects such as color spots and blemishes, has a high color uptake rate, and good color fastness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fabric dyeing technology, specifically relating to a short-process dyeing and finishing method for sensitive colors of nylon and spandex blended fabrics. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of fabric dyeing and finishing, the dyeing of nylon-spandex blended fabrics has always been a key focus for technicians. Nylon fiber (polyamide fiber) can be heat-set and possesses characteristics such as high strength, abrasion resistance, and good resilience. It can retain the bending deformation formed during heating and is lightweight, making it an ideal choice for sportswear, swimwear, bodybuilding wear, down jackets, and mountaineering clothing. Nylon fiber's abrasion resistance is superior to other fibers, which is its most prominent advantage. Secondly, its elasticity is excellent, with an elastic recovery rate comparable to wool. Furthermore, it is relatively lightweight, with a specific gravity of 1.14, second only to polypropylene (specific gravity less than 1) among commercially available synthetic fibers, and lighter than polyester fiber (specific gravity 1.38). Therefore, it can be processed into uniform, soft, and smooth filaments for weaving beautiful and durable fabrics. Moreover, like polyester fiber, it is corrosion-resistant, resistant to insects and mildew. Adding spandex to nylon can improve the fabric's quality and comfort.

[0003] However, nylon fiber also has some obvious drawbacks. For example, its light resistance is slightly poor; it is prone to yellowing and strength reduction when exposed to sunlight outdoors for extended periods. Compared to polyester fiber, its shape retention is poor, resulting in a less crisp appearance. Furthermore, its smooth surface gives it a waxy feel. To address these shortcomings, various improvement measures have been developed in recent years, such as adding light-resistant agents to improve light resistance, or shaping it into irregular sections to improve appearance and luster. For uneven dyeing during the dyeing and finishing process, strict control of the temperature rise curve and increasing the amount of leveling agent are necessary to improve the problem.

[0004] Regarding the issue of uneven dyeing, almost all dyeing plants (including ours) currently employ strict control of the heating rate to ensure uniform dyeing. This involves using a curved heating and plateau holding process. For example, the heating method involves starting at 30℃, heating at 0.5℃ / min to 50℃ and holding for 10 minutes, heating at 0.5℃ / min to 60℃ and holding for 10 minutes, heating at 0.5℃ / min to 70℃ and holding for 10 minutes, heating at 0.5℃ / min to 80℃ and holding for 10 minutes, heating at 0.5℃ / min to 90℃ and holding for 10 minutes, and heating at 0.5℃ / min to 98℃ and holding for 40 minutes, etc. However, this dyeing method is time-consuming, which is not conducive to improving dyeing efficiency. Moreover, it consumes a lot of steam and electricity, and with increasing environmental pressure, various production costs are also constantly rising.

[0005] Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, it is necessary to develop a new dyeing and finishing process for sensitive colors of nylon and spandex fiber blended fabrics, so as to shorten the dyeing time, improve the utilization rate of dyeing and finishing equipment, improve the energy consumption time of the dyeing and finishing process, and reduce costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to dye nylon in nylon and spandex blended fabrics without dyeing spandex, while also preventing spandex from being stained, and ultimately improving the fastness of the dyed fabric.

[0007] This invention provides a dyeing and finishing method for nylon and spandex blended fabrics, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Staining

[0009] Add cold water to the blended fabric, control the liquor ratio, then add the degreasing agent and disperse evenly; add the leveling agent and acid dye in sequence, quickly heat up and keep warm; then perform the first cooling and add the conditioning agent; perform the second cooling and drain the liquor;

[0010] (2) Soap washing

[0011] Add cold water to the blended fabric, control the liquor ratio, then add soap detergent, quickly heat up, keep warm, and drain the liquid;

[0012] (3) Washing water

[0013] Add cold water to the blended fabric, control the liquor ratio, quickly heat up and keep warm, then drain the liquid to complete the first wash; then add water again, control the liquor ratio, quickly heat up and keep warm, then drain the liquid to complete the second wash.

[0014] In the above dyeing and finishing methods, the blended fabric can be pre-shaped before dyeing and finishing. Pre-shaped shaping can preferably be performed as follows: the tenter frame is heated to 195℃±2, and the fabric speed is controlled at 20m / min for pre-shaped shaping.

[0015] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the temperature of the cold water is selected from 30℃±2.

[0016] In the above dyeing and finishing methods, the liquor ratio is selected from 1:4 to 5, and is preferably 1:5.

[0017] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the rapid heating and holding in the dyeing step are selected from the following conditions: heating to 98°C at a rate of 1-2°C / min and holding for 40-50 min; preferably: heating to 98°C at a rate of 1.5°C / min and holding for 40 min.

[0018] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the first cooling in the dyeing step is selected from the following conditions: cooling to 80°C at a rate of 1 to 1.5°C / min; preferably: cooling to 80°C at a rate of 1°C / min.

[0019] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the optimizing agent is added in two parts. The first addition is 10-20% and is completed in 10-15 minutes. The second addition is the remaining 80-90% and is completed in 15-20 minutes. Preferably, the first addition is 10% and is completed in 15 minutes. The second addition is the remaining 90% and is completed in 15 minutes.

[0020] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the second cooling in the dyeing step is selected from the following conditions: cooling to 60°C at a rate of 1 to 1.5°C / min; preferably: cooling to 60°C at a rate of 1°C / min.

[0021] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the rapid heating and holding in the soaping step are selected from the following conditions: heating to 60°C at a rate of 2-3°C / min and holding for 5-10min; preferably: heating to 60°C at a rate of 2°C / min and holding for 10min.

[0022] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the rapid heating and holding in the first wash water are selected from the following conditions: heating to 60°C at a rate of 2-3°C / min and holding for 15-20min; preferably: heating to 60°C at a rate of 2°C / min and holding for 10min.

[0023] In the above dyeing and finishing method, the rapid heating and holding in the second wash water are selected from the following conditions: heating to 50°C at a rate of 2-3°C / min and holding for 5-10 min; preferably: heating to 50°C at a rate of 2°C / min and holding for 10 min.

[0024] In the above dyeing and finishing methods, after the washing step is completed, the blended fabric can be dehydrated and dried.

[0025] The amounts of each dyeing and finishing material used in the above dyeing and finishing methods are as follows:

[0026] Degreasing agent 1-2 g / L; leveling agent 1-2 g / L; acid dye 0.01-3%; balancing agent 1-2 g / L; soaping agent 1-2 g / L.

[0027] In one specific implementation plan, the amount of each dyeing and finishing material used is as follows:

[0028] Degreasing agent 1.5 g / L; leveling agent 1.5 g / L; acid red dye 0.5%, acid yellow dye 0.5%, acid blue dye 0.5%; optimizer 1.5 g / L; soaping agent 1.5 g / L.

[0029] In one specific implementation, the dyeing and finishing materials may be selected from the following components:

[0030] The degreasing agent is selected from degreasing agent SE (Qingdao Jinmeilai Chemical Co., Ltd.); the leveling agent is selected from acidic leveling agent SNL (Guangzhou Shengyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.); the acid dye is selected from acid dye NEX (Guangzhou Shengyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.); the optimizer is selected from optimizer NSF (Guangzhou Shengyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.); and the soaping agent is selected from soaping agent SN (Qingdao Langsida Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0031] This invention provides a nylon and spandex blended fabric dyed and finished by the above method.

[0032] This invention provides the application of the above method in the dyeing of nylon and spandex blended fabrics.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0034] This invention utilizes rapid heating and dyeing to dye nylon fibers in fabrics without requiring complex pretreatment. This allows the degreasing process to be seamlessly integrated into the dyeing process, eliminating the need for complicated pretreatment steps. Furthermore, by using novel dyes and chemicals, and employing a heating rate of 1.5℃ / min and a cooling rate of 1℃ / min, along with an 80℃ holding period and the addition of an optimizing agent, the coloring effect and fastness are effectively improved. Due to the rapid heating rate, a platform for heat preservation is unnecessary, significantly reducing the consumption of electricity and steam during the dyeing process, and greatly shortening the dyeing time while maintaining the performance of the spandex fibers. The dyed fabric is free of defects such as color spots and blemishes. Even for difficult-to-dye fabrics like gray dyeing, it achieves high color uptake and good color fastness. In summary, this invention enables the dyeing of nylon in nylon-spandex blended fabrics without dyeing the spandex, preventing spandex staining, and ultimately improving the fastness of the dyed fabric. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This refers to the degreasing process in traditional dyeing and finishing methods.

[0036] Figure 2 This refers to the dyeing process in traditional dyeing and finishing methods.

[0037] Figure 3 This refers to the dyeing process in the dyeing and finishing method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a comparison of the dyeing effects of the blended fabric described in Example 1 under two dyeing and finishing methods;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a comparison of the wash fastness of the blended fabric described in Example 1 under two dyeing and finishing methods;

[0040] Figure 6 The dyeing effect of the blended fabric described in Example 2;

[0041] Figure 7The washing fastness of the blended fabric described in Example 2 after dyeing and finishing. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The dyeing materials used in this invention are as follows:

[0043] Acid Red NEX 0.5%; Acid Yellow NEX 0.5%; Acid Blue NEX 0.5%; Acid Leveling Agent SNL 1.5g / L; Optimizer NSF 1.5g / L; Glacial Acetic Acid 1g / L; Soaping Agent SN 1.5g / L; Degreasing Agent SE 1.5g / L; The amount of acid dyes used refers to the weight of the acid dyes relative to the fabric being dyed; the amount of other components refers to the weight of each component relative to the dyeing and finishing system (volume).

[0044] Among them, Acid Red NEX, Acid Yellow NEX, Acid Blue NEX, Acid Leveling Agent SNL, and Optimizer NSF were purchased from Guangzhou Shengyuan Chemical Co., Ltd., Glacial Acetic Acid was purchased from Jiangsu Suopu Chemical Co., Ltd., Soaping Agent SN was purchased from Qingdao Langsida Chemical Co., Ltd., and Degreasing Agent SE was purchased from Qingdao Jinmeilai Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0045] Other materials used in this invention, unless otherwise stated, are commercially available. Other terms used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, generally have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and data. The following embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The fabric used in this embodiment is a nylon / spandex (90 / 10) blended fabric.

[0048] 1. Traditional craftsmanship

[0049] The traditional processes described below are from the existing processes of our factory (Xueda Group):

[0050] (1) Pre-order

[0051] Heat the tenter frame to 195℃±2 and control the fabric speed at 20m / min for pre-forming.

[0052] (2) Degreasing

[0053] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the liquor ratio within the range of 1:4~5; add degreasing agent to the dyeing vat (add continuously over 5 minutes), raise the temperature to 80℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 30 minutes, then lower the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min, and drain the liquid; add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the liquor ratio within the range of 1:4~5, raise the temperature to 50℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 10 minutes, and drain the liquid; the degreasing process flow is as follows. Figure 1 As shown;

[0054] (3) Staining

[0055] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio within the range of 1:4~5; add glacial acetic acid sequentially (continuously over 10 minutes), leveling agent (continuously over 10 minutes), and acid dyes [(Acid Red NEX 0.5%, Acid Yellow NEX 0.5%, Acid Blue NEX)]. [0.5%, pre-mixed evenly) added continuously for 30 minutes, then heated to 50°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min and held for 10 minutes, then heated to 60°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min and held for 10 minutes, then heated to 70°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min and held for 10 minutes, then heated to 80°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min and held for 10 minutes, then heated to 90°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min and held for 10 minutes, then heated to 98°C at a rate of 0.5°C / min and held for 40 minutes, and finally cooled to 60°C at a rate of 1°C / min and drained the liquid;

[0056] (4) Wash with soap

[0057] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio in the range of 1:4~5. Then add soaping agent (add continuously over 5 minutes). Increase the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, keep it at that temperature for 10 minutes, and then drain the liquid.

[0058] (5) Washing water

[0059] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio within the range of 1:4~5. Increase the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 10min, drain the liquid. Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio within the range of 1:4~5. Increase the temperature to 50℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 10min, drain the liquid.

[0060] (6) Dehydration and drying

[0061] Dehydration was carried out using a centrifugal dehydrator at 500 rpm; drying was carried out using a tenter frame at 130℃ and 20 m / min.

[0062] The above dyeing and finishing process flow is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0063] 2. The process of this invention

[0064] (1) Pre-order type

[0065] Heat the tenter frame to 195℃±2 and control the fabric speed at 20m / min for pre-forming.

[0066] (2) Staining

[0067] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the liquor ratio within the range of 1:4~5; add degreasing agent to the dyeing vat and circulate for 10 min; add leveling agent sequentially (add continuously for 10 min), acid dye [(Acid Red NEX 0.5%, Acid Yellow NEX 0.5%, Acid Blue NEX 0.5%, pre-mixed evenly) and add continuously for 30 min], heat to 98℃ at a rate of 1.5℃ / min, hold for 40 min, then cool to 80℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min, add optimization agent in two parts, the first addition is 10% and is added continuously for 15 min, the second addition is the remaining 90% and is added continuously for 15 min, finally cool to 60℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min and drain the liquid;

[0068] (3) Soap washing

[0069] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio in the range of 1:4~5. Then add soaping agent (add continuously over 5 minutes). Increase the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, keep it at that temperature for 10 minutes, and then drain the liquid.

[0070] (4) Washing water

[0071] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio within the range of 1:4~5. Increase the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 10min, drain the liquid. Then add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio within the range of 1:4~5. Increase the temperature to 50℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 10min, drain the liquid.

[0072] (5) Dehydration and drying

[0073] Dehydration was carried out using a centrifugal dehydrator at 500 rpm; drying was carried out using a tenter frame at 130℃ and 20 m / min.

[0074] The above dyeing and finishing process flow is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0075] I. Finished Product Inspection

[0076] The appearance and internal quality indicators of the fabrics were inspected. A colorimetric card was used to compare the fabrics under the two dyeing processes, determine the uniformity of the fabric surface, and complete the fastness tests. The wash fastness of the two fabrics was tested according to the standard GB / T3921-2008 for soap fastness.

[0077] Test results as follows Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown:

[0078] Depend on Figure 4 and Figure 5 It is known that traditional soap washing results in a fading rate of 4-5, cotton fabric staining of 4-5, and silk staining of 3-4. The process of this invention results in a fading rate of 4-5, cotton fabric staining of 4-5, and silk staining of 4, improving silk staining from 3-4 to 4. Therefore, the dyeing and finishing process of this invention can improve the fabric's soap washing fastness by 0.5 levels. Compared with traditional processes, the dyeing material in the dyeing and finishing method of this invention is uniform and flawless, with a color difference of 4-5 levels, demonstrating that the fabric obtained by the dyeing and finishing process of this invention has superior evenness compared to traditional processes.

[0079] In terms of cost, the two processes are compared as follows:

[0080] (1) Water saving: Traditional process requires 6 water steps, while the process of this invention requires 4 water steps, reducing the water by 2 steps. Calculated at a 1:5 bath ratio, the total is 10 tons. With the inlet and outlet water costing 10 yuan / ton, the water cost is reduced by 100 yuan.

[0081] (2) Steam saving: 5 tons of water, from 40 degrees to 80 degrees and kept warm for 30 minutes, requires about 0.3 tons of steam; steam cost is calculated at 400 yuan / ton, so the steam cost can be reduced by 120 yuan.

[0082] (3) Time saving: The traditional process takes about 7 hours, while the process of this invention takes about 4.5 hours, reducing the process time by 2.5 hours and increasing production efficiency by 35%.

[0083] (4) Energy saving: Based on a one-ton dyeing vat, the process of this invention can reduce the process time by 2.5 hours. The motor of the entire dyeing vat is 60 kW / h. With the electricity price calculated at 1 yuan / kWh, the electricity cost can be reduced by 150 yuan.

[0084] (5) Increase in dyeing and chemical additives: 90 yuan. The dyeing and auxiliary agents used in this invention process are different from those in the traditional process. The traditional process uses glacial acetic acid, 6 yuan / kg × 5kg = 30 yuan. The process of this invention uses an optimizing agent, 16 yuan / kg × 7.5kg = 120 yuan.

[0085] In summary, the cost savings per ton of fabric of this invention is: (1)+(2)+(4)-(5)=280 yuan, the process time is shortened by 2.5 hours, and the production efficiency is increased by 35%.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] The fabric used in this embodiment (a blend of nylon and spandex) is 70D nylon 9-way + 78T Japanese nylon 1-way.

[0088] +20DPU jersey fabric, color code LD-4193 dark beige, fabric weight 110g / m² 2 .

[0089] The specific dyeing and finishing processes are as follows:

[0090] (1) Pre-order

[0091] Heat the tenter frame to 195℃±2 and control the fabric speed at 20m / min for pre-forming.

[0092] (2) Staining

[0093] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the liquor ratio within the range of 1:4~5; then add the degreasing agent and circulate for 10 min; add the leveling agent sequentially (adding continuously for 10 min), then add the acid dye [(Acid Red NEX 0.1%; Acid Yellow NEX 0.26%; Acid Blue NEX 0.36%, pre-mixed evenly) adding continuously for 30 min], raise the temperature to 98℃ at a rate of 1.5℃ / min, dye for 50 min, then lower the temperature to 80℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min, add the optimizing agent in two parts, the first addition being 10% added continuously for 15 min, the second addition being the remaining 90% added continuously for 15 min, and finally lower the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min and drain the liquid;

[0094] (3) Soap washing

[0095] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio in the range of 1:4~5. Then add soaping agent (add continuously over 5 minutes). Increase the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, keep it at that temperature for 10 minutes, and then drain the liquid.

[0096] (4) Washing water

[0097] Add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio within the range of 1:4~5. Increase the temperature to 60℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 10min, drain the liquid. Then add cold water at 30℃±2 to the dyeing vat and control the bath ratio within the range of 1:4~5. Increase the temperature to 50℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min, hold for 10min, drain the liquid.

[0098] (5) Dehydration and drying

[0099] Dehydration was carried out using a centrifugal dehydrator at 500 rpm; drying was carried out using a tenter frame at 130℃ and 20 m / min.

[0100] Fabrics after dyeing and finishing, such as Figure 6 As shown, its wash fastness is as follows Figure 7 As shown.

[0101] Depend on Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that the fabric dyed by the above process is intact, without defects such as color spots or blemishes, and has a consistent hue. The dyed fabric has a high color uptake rate and excellent washing fastness.

[0102] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dyeing and finishing method for a nylon and spandex blended fabric, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Staining Add cold water to the blended fabric, control the liquor ratio, then add the degreasing agent SE and disperse evenly; add the acid leveling agent SNL and the acid dye NEX in sequence, quickly heat up and keep warm; then perform the first cooling and add the optimizing agent NSF; perform the second cooling and drain the liquor; (2) Soap washing Add cold water to the blended fabric, control the liquor ratio, then add soap detergent SN, quickly heat up, keep warm, and drain the liquid; (3) Washing water Add cold water to the blended fabric, control the liquor ratio, quickly heat up and keep warm, then drain the liquid to complete the first wash; then add water again, control the liquor ratio, quickly heat up and keep warm, then drain the liquid to complete the second wash. The rapid heating and holding in the staining step are selected from the following conditions: heating to 98°C at a rate of 1~2°C / min and holding for 40~50min; The first cooling step in the staining process is selected from the following conditions: cooling to 80°C at a rate of 1~1.5°C / min; the second cooling step in the staining process is selected from the following conditions: cooling to 60°C at a rate of 1~1.5°C / min. The optimizer NSF is added in two stages. The first stage involves adding 10-20% of the NSF over 10-15 minutes. The second stage involves adding the remaining 80-90% over 15-20 minutes.

2. The dyeing and finishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the cold water is selected from 30℃±2; the bath ratio is selected from 1:4~5.

3. The dyeing and finishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapid heating and heat preservation in the soaping step are selected from the following conditions: heating to 60°C at a rate of 2~3°C / min and keeping warm for 5~10min.

4. The dyeing and finishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapid heating and heat preservation in the first wash water are selected from the following conditions: heating to 60℃ at a rate of 2~3℃ / min and holding for 15~20 min; the rapid heating and heat preservation in the second wash water are selected from the following conditions: heating to 50℃ at a rate of 2~3℃ / min and holding for 5~10 min.

5. The dyeing and finishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amounts of each dyeing and finishing material are as follows: Degreasing agent SE 1~2g / L; acidic leveling agent SNL 1~2g / L; acidic dye NEX 0.01~3%, wherein the amount of acidic dye NEX is relative to the weight of the dyed fabric; optimizer NSF 1~2g / L; soaping agent SN 1~2g / L.

6. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the dyeing of nylon and spandex blended fabrics.

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