Method, device, equipment and storage medium for obtaining surface data

Abstract

The present invention provides a method, device, equipment and storage medium for acquiring surface data, the method comprising: using a controllable vibrator to excite the first end of the source receiving channel to acquire first surface data of the controllable vibrator; using an artificial weight to excite the first end of the source receiving channel to acquire second surface data of the artificial weight; wherein the artificial weight and the controllable vibrator are located at the same first end of the source receiving channel; converting the first surface data into first surface data that conforms to a target format, and converting the second surface data into second surface data that conforms to the target format; based on the first surface data that conforms to the target format and the second surface data in the target format, acquiring first fused surface data corresponding to the first end. The surface data acquired by this method can solve the interference problem of the controllable vibrator on the near-source receiving channel and improve the resolution of seismic processing data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coalfield exploration and relates to seismic data acquisition technology, specifically a method, device, equipment, and storage medium for acquiring surface data. Background Technology

[0002] There are two methods for triggering seismic acquisition on land: explosive triggering and controlled-source triggering. Coalfield exploration typically involves small construction areas and a limited number of small refraction survey points. Hiring external drilling rigs for micro-logging is prohibitively expensive. With the development of high-density, wide-azimuth acquisition technology, controlled-source triggering has become the primary, economically integrated triggering method due to its eco-friendly, safe, and frequency-adjustable characteristics, leading to its increasingly widespread application in coalfields. However, without detonators and explosives, small refraction surveys are impossible. Seismic acquisition projects using controlled-source triggering cannot accurately grasp surface changes, thus failing to provide a basis for high-precision seismic processing and hindering small refraction surveys. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a surface survey method that does not rely on explosives or drilling. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, device and storage medium for acquiring surface data, so as to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0004] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for acquiring surface data, the method comprising:

[0005] The first end of the source receiving channel is excited using a controllable seismic source to obtain the first surface data of the controllable seismic source;

[0006] An artificial hammer is used to excite the first end of the seismic source receiving channel to obtain the second surface data of the artificial hammer; wherein the artificial hammer and the controllable seismic source are located at the same first end of the seismic source receiving channel;

[0007] The first surface data is converted into first surface data conforming to the target format, and the second surface data is converted into second surface data conforming to the target format.

[0008] Based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format, the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end is obtained.

[0009] Optionally, obtaining the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format includes:

[0010] From the first surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the third surface data of the receiving channel that is far from the controllable seismic source;

[0011] From the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the fourth surface data near the receiving channel of the artificial hammer;

[0012] The third surface data and the fourth surface data are merged to obtain the first fused surface data.

[0013] Optionally, the seismic source receiving channel is divided into multiple sub-receiving segments, and third surface data of the receiving channel located far from the controllable seismic source is obtained from the first surface data conforming to the target format, including:

[0014] From the first surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the third surface data of a first preset number of sub-receiving segments that are far away from the controllable seismic source;

[0015] From the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the fourth surface data near the artificial hammer, including:

[0016] From the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the fourth surface data of a second preset number of sub-receiving segments close to the artificial hammer;

[0017] Wherein, the sum of the first preset quantity and the second preset quantity is the total number of the plurality of sub-receiving segments.

[0018] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0019] The fifth surface data is obtained by exciting the second end of the source receiving channel using a controllable seismic source, and the sixth surface data is obtained by exciting the second end using an artificial hammer.

[0020] The fifth and sixth surface layer data are fused to obtain the second fused surface layer data;

[0021] Based on the first fused surface data and the second fused surface data, the target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel is obtained;

[0022] The first end and the second end are opposite ends.

[0023] Optionally, the target format includes a preset track length and a preset sampling rate, and the step of converting the first surface data into first surface data conforming to the target format includes:

[0024] According to the preset track length and the preset sampling rate, the first surface data is converted to obtain first surface data that conforms to the target format;

[0025] The step of converting the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format includes:

[0026] The second surface data is converted according to the preset track length and the preset sampling rate to obtain the first surface data that conforms to the target format.

[0027] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0028] The target surface data is interpreted to obtain at least one of the low-velocity layer velocity, low-velocity layer thickness, and high-velocity layer velocity in the source receiving channel region.

[0029] A second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for acquiring surface data, the apparatus comprising:

[0030] The first acquisition module is used to excite the source receiver channel using a controllable seismic source to acquire the first surface data of the controllable seismic source.

[0031] The second acquisition module is used to excite the seismic source receiving channel using an artificial hammer to acquire the second surface data of the artificial hammer; wherein the artificial hammer and the controllable seismic source are located at the same first end of the seismic source receiving channel;

[0032] The third acquisition module is used to convert the first surface data into first surface data conforming to the target format, and to convert the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format.

[0033] The fourth acquisition module is used to acquire the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format.

[0034] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0035] The fifth acquisition module is used to obtain the fifth surface data by exciting the controllable seismic source at the second end of the seismic source receiving channel, and to obtain the sixth surface data by exciting the artificial hammer at the second end.

[0036] The sixth acquisition module is used to fuse the fifth surface data and the sixth surface data to obtain the second fused surface data;

[0037] The seventh acquisition module is used to acquire the target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel based on the first fused surface data and the second fused surface data; the first end and the second end are opposite ends.

[0038] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the surface data acquisition method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0039] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, characterized in that the computer program / instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the surface data acquisition method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0040] The method provided by this invention uses a controlled seismic source and an artificial hammer to excite the same end of the seismic source receiver channel, respectively, to obtain first surface data from the controlled seismic source and second surface data from the artificial hammer. The first and second surface data are then converted to obtain first and second surface data in a target format. By analyzing the target format surface data, a portion of the receiver channel surface data from the second surface data from the artificial hammer is selected and fused with a portion of the receiver channel surface data from the target format surface data from the controlled seismic source to obtain a new surface data. This method solves the interference problem of receiver channels near the seismic source when using a controlled seismic source to excite the receiver channel, and also solves the interference problem of receiver channels far from the seismic source when using an artificial hammer to excite the receiver channel. This not only meets environmental protection requirements but also satisfies the needs of high-precision surface surveys, improves the resolution of seismic data processing, promotes coalfield exploration discoveries, and expands the seismic exploration market. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of a surface data acquisition method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a controllable seismic source construction record provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a manual hammer construction record provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for merging controllable seismic source data and artificial hammer data provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the combined recording of controlled seismic source construction and manual hammer construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of surface data interpretation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface data acquisition device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0051] Small refraction is a commonly used surface survey method. Conventional small refraction construction methods involve arrays with a length of 120-160m. It is suitable for layered homogeneous media areas with flat terrain, planar (horizontal or single-slope) subsurface interfaces, and small dip angles within a certain range. Small refraction observation systems include single-sided blasting, double-sided blasting, and intermediate blasting. This embodiment of the invention uses a double-sided blasting observation system. The choice of observation system is not limited here; it can be selected according to actual needs.

[0052] When the use of explosives as a seismic source is restricted by the availability of construction equipment or local environmental regulations, controlled seismic sources or manual hammers may be used instead of explosives to complete the small refraction surface survey.

[0053] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for obtaining surface data, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a surface data acquisition method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0054] Step S101: Excite the first end of the source receiving channel using a controllable source to obtain the first surface data of the controllable source;

[0055] In this embodiment, before exciting the source receiver channel using a controllable seismic source, it is necessary to analyze the source receiver channel area using existing seismic data, determine the size of the target work area, design a small refraction observation system, and determine the source receiver channel, which mainly includes three parameters: arrangement length, channel spacing, and offset distance. This invention uses a double-sided firing observation system, but this is not limited here and is determined according to the specific conditions of the source receiver channel area and the surface survey equipment.

[0056] After determining the arrangement length, channel spacing, and offset, the arrangement is deployed in the source receiving channel area. Multiple arrangements form the source receiving channel. A controllable source is installed at one end of the source receiving channel. The source receiving channel is connected to the instrument vehicle, and the controllable source is also connected to the instrument vehicle. The instrument vehicle sends a signal to the controllable source, which excites the source receiving channel. The instrument vehicle receives the first surface data generated by the controllable source excitation of the source receiving channel. The surface data received by the instrument vehicle is in SEGD format, such as SEGD format data with a 500ms channel length and a 0.5ms sampling rate.

[0057] Step S102: Excite the first end of the source receiving channel using an artificial hammer to obtain the second surface data of the artificial hammer; wherein the artificial hammer and the controllable source are located at the same first end of the source receiving channel.

[0058] In this embodiment, a manual hammer is used at one end of the seismic source receiving channel. The seismic source receiving channel is connected to a small refractometer. The manual hammer is manually controlled to excite the seismic source receiving channel. The small refractometer receives the second surface data generated by the manual hammer excitation. The surface data received by the small refractometer is in DAT format, such as DAT format data with a 256ms channel length and a 0.25ms sampling rate. The manual hammer and the controllable seismic source are located at the same first end of the seismic source receiving channel. This first end can be either the left or right end of the seismic source receiving channel. The purpose is to ensure that the manual hammer and the controllable seismic source excite the seismic source receiving channel at the same end, so that the acquired first surface data and the second surface data are received from the same channel in the same direction.

[0059] Step S103: Convert the first surface data into first surface data conforming to the target format, and convert the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format.

[0060] In this embodiment, the source receiver channel is excited using a controllable seismic source. An instrument cart receives the first surface data, which is in SEGD format. A small refractometer then receives the second surface data obtained by exciting the source receiver channel with a manual hammer. The data obtained by the manual hammer excitation is in DAT format. Since the data used for surface interpretation is in SEGY format, the SEGD format corresponding to the first surface data needs to be converted. This conversion is performed using existing software. By importing the first surface data into the corresponding software and selecting the SEGY output format, the SEGY format corresponding to the first surface data is obtained, which conforms to the target format. Similarly, the DAT format corresponding to the second surface data is converted using software. This conversion is also performed by importing the second surface data into the corresponding software and selecting the SEGY output format, which also conforms to the target format. For example, SEGD format data with a 500ms trace length and a 0.5ms sampling rate generated by a controlled seismic source and DAT format data with a 256ms trace length and a 0.25ms sampling rate generated by an artificial hammer can both be converted into SEGY format data with a 256ms trace length and a 0.5ms sampling rate.

[0061] Step S104: Based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first surface data conforming to the target format is SEGY format data obtained by converting the first surface data acquired using a controllable seismic source to excite the seismic receiver channel. The second surface data conforming to the target format is SEGY format data obtained by converting the second surface data acquired using an artificial hammer to excite the seismic receiver channel. Based on the SEGY format data corresponding to the first surface data and the SEGY format data corresponding to the second surface data, a portion of the receiver channel's surface data is extracted from the two data sets and fused to obtain the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end direction of the seismic receiver channel. The first end can be either the left or right end of the seismic receiver channel.

[0063] The surface data obtained through the above steps can solve the problem of interference from source receivers near the source when using a controllable source to excite the source receiver, and it can also solve the problem of interference from source receivers far from the source when using an artificial hammer to excite the source receiver. This not only meets environmental protection requirements but also satisfies the needs of high-precision surface surveys, improves the resolution of seismic processing data, promotes coalfield exploration discoveries, and expands the seismic exploration market.

[0064] In one embodiment, obtaining the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format includes: obtaining a third surface data from the first surface data conforming to the target format that is far from the controllable seismic source; obtaining a fourth surface data from the second surface data conforming to the target format that is close to the artificial hammer; and merging the third surface data and the fourth surface data to obtain the first fused surface data.

[0065] In this embodiment, a controllable seismic source is used as the excitation source. The controllable seismic source is placed on an instrument vehicle, which sends signals to control the controllable seismic source to construct the seismic source receiving channel. During the construction process, the engine built into the instrument vehicle will also vibrate, which will cause severe interference to the seismic source receiving channel near the instrument vehicle. That is, the surface data information of the receiving channel near the controllable seismic source is inaccurate, and the first arrival point cannot be seen. When interpreting, the first arrival of the earthquake cannot be accurately picked up, and the data is severely interfered with. Therefore, in the first surface data that conforms to the target format, the third surface data of the receiving channel far away from the controllable seismic source is selected to be obtained. The third surface data is the data with a clear first arrival point.

[0066] When using an artificial hammer as the excitation source, the energy cannot be transmitted very far due to the energy limitations of the hammer itself. When using an artificial hammer to construct the seismic source channel, the received surface data shows clear arrival and start-up data for the channels near the seismic source, while the channels far from the seismic source are mostly affected by external interference. Therefore, in the second surface data that conforms to the target format, the fourth surface data of the channels near the artificial hammer is selected. The fourth surface data is the data with clear arrival and start-up data. By merging the third surface data with the fourth surface data, a complete surface data with clear arrival and start-up data can be obtained, which is the first fused surface data of the seismic source channel.

[0067] In one embodiment, the seismic source receiving channel is divided into multiple sub-receiving segments. Obtaining third surface data from the first surface data conforming to the target format, which represents the receiving channel being farther from the controllable seismic source, includes: obtaining a first preset number of third surface data representing the sub-receiving segments being farther from the controllable seismic source from the first surface data conforming to the target format; obtaining fourth surface data from the second surface data conforming to the target format, which represents the receiving channel being closer to the artificial hammer, includes: obtaining a second preset number of fourth surface data representing the sub-receiving segments being closer to the artificial hammer from the second surface data conforming to the target format; wherein the sum of the first preset number and the second preset number is the total number of the multiple sub-receiving segments.

[0068] In this embodiment, the source receiving channel is divided into multiple sub-receiving channel segments, specifically arranged in a specific configuration. The division of these sub-receiving channel segments is based on the actual source receiving channel area; for example, 24 channels are used. Since the first surface data is the surface data received by multiple sub-receiving channel segments, the third surface data of a first preset number of sub-receiving segments far from the controllable source is obtained from the first surface data conforming to the target format. The first preset number is a range that needs to be determined based on the interference range of the actual controllable source itself. For example, by analyzing the controllable source, its interference range is 0–40 m. During the arrangement, it is known which sub-receiving segments correspond to the range of 0–40 m. Each sub-receiving segment corresponds to a channel number. If the range of 0–40 m corresponds to sub-receiving channels 1 to 10, then the surface data of sub-receiving channel segments 11 to 24 will be obtained, which is the third surface data, i.e., the third preset number is 14.

[0069] Similarly, from the second surface data conforming to the target format, fourth surface data is obtained from the sub-receiving segments of the second preset number of the artificial hammer. The second preset number is also a range, determined by the energy of the artificial hammer during actual operation. For example, analysis of the artificial hammer shows that its interference is relatively minimal in the range of 0–50m; interference beyond this range becomes more severe. Based on the interference range of the controllable seismic source, the artificial hammer selects surface data corresponding to 1 to 10 sub-receiving channels within the range of 0–40m, i.e., the fourth surface data, with a second preset number of 10. The sum of the first and second preset numbers equals the total number of sub-receiving segments, i.e., a total of 24.

[0070] In one embodiment, the method further includes: obtaining fifth surface data by exciting a controllable seismic source at the second end of the seismic source receiving channel, and obtaining sixth surface data by exciting an artificial hammer at the second end; fusing the fifth surface data and the sixth surface data to obtain second fused surface data; and obtaining target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel based on the first fused surface data and the second fused surface data; wherein the first end and the second end are opposite ends.

[0071] In this embodiment, since a double-sided firing observation system is used to observe the seismic source receiving channel, a controllable seismic source is used to excite both ends of the seismic source receiving channel sequentially. Therefore, after exciting the first end of the seismic source receiving channel, it is also necessary to excite the second end of the seismic source receiving channel. By using a controllable seismic source and an artificial hammer to excite the second end of the seismic source receiving channel, the fifth surface data corresponding to the controllable seismic source obtained from the excitation of the second end and the sixth surface data corresponding to the excitation of the artificial hammer are obtained according to the method for obtaining the first fused surface data. The fifth surface data and the sixth surface data are used to obtain the second fused surface data. The first fused surface data and the second fused surface data are combined to obtain the target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel. The first end and the second end are relative. For example, if the first end corresponds to the left end of the seismic source receiving channel, then the second end corresponds to the right end of the seismic source receiving channel; or, if the first end corresponds to the right end of the seismic source receiving channel, then the second end corresponds to the left end of the seismic source receiving channel.

[0072] In one embodiment, the target format includes a preset track length and a preset sampling rate. Converting the first surface data into first surface data conforming to the target format includes: converting the first surface data according to the preset track length and the preset sampling rate to obtain first surface data conforming to the target format. Converting the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format includes: converting the second surface data according to the preset track length and the preset sampling rate to obtain first surface data conforming to the target format.

[0073] In this embodiment, since the format of the acquired surface data needs to conform to the same standard small refraction data format for interpretation, it is necessary to convert the first and second surface data according to the standard small refraction data format. For example, the standard small refraction data format is SEGD format data with a 500ms trace length and a 0.5ms sampling rate. It is known that the trace length and sampling rate are fixed, so the first surface data needs to be converted to the target format that conforms to the standard small refraction data. The first surface data is converted according to the standard small refraction data format to obtain the first surface data that conforms to the target format. Similarly, the second surface data is converted according to the same standard small refraction data format to obtain the second surface data that conforms to the target format. This ensures that the trace length and sampling rate in the converted first and second surface data are consistent with the standard small refraction data format. Here, the small refraction data format is not limited and is determined according to the actual small refraction device.

[0074] In one embodiment, the method further includes: interpreting the target surface data to obtain at least one of the low-velocity layer velocity, low-velocity layer thickness, and high-velocity layer velocity in the source receiving channel region.

[0075] In this embodiment, the acquired target surface data also needs to be interpreted. Generally, the intercept time method is used to interpret the data. The interpretation methods are usually divided into four types: automatic stratification method, human-computer interaction method, manual interpretation method and terrain correction interpretation method. By interpreting the target surface data through the above methods, the low-velocity layer velocity, low-velocity layer thickness and high-velocity layer velocity of the target surface can be obtained.

[0076] For example, the present invention will be further described below with reference to a specific embodiment and accompanying drawings:

[0077] This embodiment analyzes existing seismic data of the target work area to obtain the length of the source receiver channel, and then uses a seismic source to excite the source receiver channel at both ends to obtain surface data in two directions.

[0078] When using a controllable seismic source as the excitation source, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the right half of a controllable source construction record provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The horizontal axis represents the distance between the geophones in meters (m), and the vertical axis represents the sampling rate time in milliseconds (ms). As can be seen from the figure, the source receiver channel close to the source is severely interfered with, and the initial arrival point of the earthquake cannot be seen. The initial arrival point of the earthquake is very clear and the energy is strong. Since this embodiment uses a double-sided blasting observation system, controllable source construction record diagrams in two directions, left and right, will be obtained. The two record diagrams are symmetrical. Channels 1-24 of the left half of the source data correspond to channel 24-1 of the right half of the source data.

[0079] When using an artificial hammer as the excitation source, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an artificial hammer excitation record provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The horizontal axis represents the distance between the geophones, in meters (m), and the vertical axis represents the sampling rate time, in milliseconds (ms). As can be seen from the diagram, in the source receiver channel near the seismic source, channels 1-10 show clear initial arrival jumps. Channels further away from channel 10 are mostly external interference, with no visible initial arrival jumps and weak energy. The artificial hammer is also excited at both ends of the source receiver channel to obtain surface data of the artificial hammer from both sides, i.e., small refraction surface data.

[0080] The aim is to replace the surface data from the near-source receiver channel received when the receiver channel is excited by an artificial hammer with the surface data from the source channel that is disturbed by the source when the receiver channel is excited by a controlled source, and to combine the surface data with the surface data that is not disturbed by the source to obtain a more accurate surface data for interpretation.

[0081] However, since the data obtained from controlled-source excitation is in SEGD format and the data obtained from artificial hammer excitation is in dat format, if we want to merge the data obtained from controlled-source and artificial hammer excitation, we need to adjust the trace length, sampling rate, and other parameters of the two types of data to be consistent, and then modify the trace head to complete the data merging. (Refer to...) Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a method for merging controllable seismic source data and artificial hammer data provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Specific operating methods: The artificial hammer generates DAT format data with a 256ms trace length and a 0.25ms sampling rate, while the controlled seismic source generates SEGD format data with a 500ms trace length and a 0.5ms sampling rate.

[0083] The first step is to convert both the DAT format data from the artificial hammer and the SEGD format data from the controlled source into SEGY format data with a 256ms trace length and a 0.5ms sampling rate.

[0084] The second step is to retain channels 1-14 of the left half data from the controllable source and modify channel numbers 10-1 to 15-24 of the left half data from the artificial hammer. These channels are then merged with channels 1-14 of the left half data from the controllable source to form a complete set of channels 1-24, which are then formatted in SEGY format.

[0085] The third step involves keeping channels 1-10 of the right half of the data from the small refractometer unchanged, extracting channels 11-24 from the seismic source and merging them with channels 1-10 of the small refractometer data to form complete right half data, which is then formatted in SEGY format. This produces data that can be used for interpretation.

[0086] The fourth step is to obtain the merged target table data in SEGY format, referring to... Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a combined recording of controllable seismic source construction and manual hammer construction provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The horizontal axis represents the deployment distance of the geophones in meters, and the vertical axis represents the sampling rate time in millimeters.

[0087] The fifth step is to interpret the target surface data, referring to... Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of surface data interpretation provided by an embodiment of the present invention. It utilizes a human-computer interactive interpretation method in the intercept-time method to interpret the target surface data. The user manually plots the time-distance curves of the direct wave and the refracted waves of each layer based on the relationship between the shot-receiver distance and the first arrival time. Then, the apparent velocity is calculated based on the slope of the user-plotted curves. The intercept time of each time-distance curve is the time of the intersection of the curve and the time axis. As shown in the diagram, through the interpretation of the surface data, it can be determined that the low-velocity layer velocity V0 = 744 m / s, the low-velocity layer thickness H0 = 11.1 m, and the high-velocity layer velocity V1 = 2372 m / s.

[0088] The surface data obtained by the method provided by this invention solves the problem of interference from source receivers near the source when using a controllable seismic source to excite the source receiver, and also solves the problem of interference from source receivers far from the source when using an artificial hammer to excite the source receiver. This not only meets the needs of high-precision surface surveys, but also improves the resolution of seismic processing data, promotes the discovery of coalfields, and expands the seismic exploration market.

[0089] A second aspect of the present invention provides a surface data acquisition device, the device comprising: a first acquisition module, configured to excite a source receiver channel using a controllable seismic source to acquire first surface data of the controllable seismic source; a second acquisition module, configured to excite the source receiver channel using an artificial hammer to acquire second surface data of the artificial hammer; wherein the artificial hammer and the controllable seismic source are located at the same first end of the source receiver channel; a third acquisition module, configured to convert the first surface data into first surface data conforming to a target format, and convert the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format; and a fourth acquisition module, configured to acquire first fused surface data corresponding to the first end based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format.

[0090] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface data acquisition device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; as shown below. Figure 7As shown, the surface data acquisition device includes: a first acquisition module 701, used to excite a source receiving channel using a controllable seismic source to acquire first surface data of the controllable seismic source; a second acquisition module 702, used to excite the source receiving channel using an artificial hammer to acquire second surface data of the artificial hammer; wherein the artificial hammer and the controllable seismic source are located at the same first end of the source receiving channel; a third acquisition module 703, used to convert the first surface data into first surface data conforming to a target format, and convert the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format; and a fourth acquisition module 704, used to acquire first fused surface data corresponding to the first end based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format.

[0091] In one embodiment, the surface data acquisition device further includes:

[0092] The fifth acquisition module is used to obtain the fifth surface data by exciting the controllable seismic source at the second end of the seismic source receiving channel, and to obtain the sixth surface data by exciting the artificial hammer at the second end.

[0093] The sixth acquisition module is used to fuse the fifth surface data and the sixth surface data to obtain the second fused surface data;

[0094] The seventh acquisition module is used to acquire the target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel based on the first fused surface data and the second fused surface data; the first end and the second end are opposite ends.

[0095] In this embodiment, since a double-sided firing observation system is used to observe the seismic source receiving channel, a controllable seismic source is used to excite both ends of the seismic source receiving channel in sequence. Therefore, after exciting the first end of the seismic source receiving channel, it is also necessary to excite the second end of the seismic source receiving channel. The second end of the seismic source receiving channel is excited by a controllable seismic source and an artificial hammer, respectively. The above-mentioned device also includes a fifth acquisition module. The fifth acquisition module acquires the fifth surface data corresponding to the controllable seismic source obtained by exciting the second end, and the sixth surface data corresponding to the artificial hammer excitation, according to the method for acquiring the third surface data and the fourth surface data provided in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention. The sixth acquisition module acquires the second fused surface data by using the fifth surface data and the sixth surface data, according to the method for acquiring the first fused surface data. The seventh acquisition module is used to combine the first fused surface data and the second fused surface data to acquire the target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel.

[0096] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the surface data acquisition method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0097] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device 100 includes a memory 110 and a processor 120. The memory 110 and the processor 120 are connected via a bus for communication. The memory 110 stores a computer program that can run on the processor 120 to implement the surface data acquisition method described in the first aspect of the embodiments of this application.

[0098] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, characterized in that the computer program / instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the surface data acquisition method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0099] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0100] Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses, electronic devices, and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0101] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0102] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0103] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0105] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a surface data acquisition method, apparatus, device, and storage medium provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining surface data, characterized in that, The method includes: The first end of the source receiving channel is excited using a controllable seismic source to obtain the first surface data of the controllable seismic source; An artificial hammer is used to excite the first end of the seismic source receiving channel to obtain the second surface data of the artificial hammer; wherein the artificial hammer and the controllable seismic source are located at the same first end of the seismic source receiving channel; The first surface data is converted into first surface data conforming to the target format, and the second surface data is converted into second surface data conforming to the target format. Based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end; The step of obtaining the first fused surface data corresponding to the first end based on the first surface data conforming to the target format and the second surface data conforming to the target format includes: From the first surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the third surface data of the receiving channel that is far from the controllable seismic source; From the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the fourth surface data near the receiving channel of the artificial hammer; The third surface data and the fourth surface data are merged to obtain the first fused surface data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seismic source receiving channel is divided into multiple sub-receiving segments. From the first surface data conforming to the target format, third surface data of the receiving channel located far from the controllable seismic source is obtained, including: From the first surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the third surface data of a first preset number of sub-receiving segments that are far away from the controllable seismic source; From the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the fourth surface data near the artificial hammer, including: From the second surface data conforming to the target format, obtain the fourth surface data of a second preset number of sub-receiving segments close to the artificial hammer; Wherein, the sum of the first preset quantity and the second preset quantity is the total number of the plurality of sub-receiving segments.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The fifth surface data is obtained by exciting the second end of the source receiving channel using a controllable seismic source, and the sixth surface data is obtained by exciting the second end using an artificial hammer. The fifth and sixth surface layer data are fused to obtain the second fused surface layer data; Based on the first fused surface data and the second fused surface data, the target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel is obtained; The first end and the second end are opposite ends.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target format includes a preset track length and a preset sampling rate. Converting the first surface data into first surface data conforming to the target format includes: According to the preset track length and the preset sampling rate, the first surface data is converted to obtain first surface data that conforms to the target format; The step of converting the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format includes: The second surface data is converted according to the preset track length and the preset sampling rate to obtain the first surface data that conforms to the target format.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: The target surface data is interpreted to obtain at least one of the low-velocity layer velocity, low-velocity layer thickness, and high-velocity layer velocity in the source receiving channel region.

6. A device for acquiring surface data, characterized in that, The device includes: The first acquisition module is used to excite the source receiver channel using a controllable seismic source to acquire the first surface data of the controllable seismic source. The second acquisition module is used to excite the seismic source receiving channel using an artificial hammer to acquire the second surface data of the artificial hammer; wherein the artificial hammer and the controllable seismic source are located at the same first end of the seismic source receiving channel; The third acquisition module is used to convert the first surface data into first surface data conforming to the target format, and to convert the second surface data into second surface data conforming to the target format. The fourth acquisition module is used to acquire first fused surface data corresponding to the first end based on first surface data conforming to the target format and second surface data conforming to the target format; specifically, it is used to acquire third surface data of the receiving channel far away from the controllable seismic source from the first surface data conforming to the target format; and to acquire fourth surface data of the receiving channel close to the artificial hammer from the second surface data conforming to the target format; and to merge the third surface data and the fourth surface data to acquire the first fused surface data.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes: The fifth acquisition module is used to obtain the fifth surface data by exciting the controllable seismic source at the second end of the seismic source receiving channel, and to obtain the sixth surface data by exciting the artificial hammer at the second end. The sixth acquisition module is used to fuse the fifth surface data and the sixth surface data to obtain the second fused surface data; The seventh acquisition module is used to acquire the target surface data of the seismic source receiving channel based on the first fused surface data and the second fused surface data; the first end and the second end are opposite ends.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the surface data acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the surface data acquisition method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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