An under-forest konjak spaced and hilled bag-type ridge planting method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of under-forest konjak interval cultivation bag type ridging drilling planting methods, belong to the technical field of crop planting, select plot and forest species, modify shading degree, planting row and cultivation row interval distribution, utilize cultivation row to cultivate planting row, in the planting row and cultivation row setting planting ridge;In the planting ridge ditch drilling is drilled, and water-proof or water storage facilities are laid on the ditch bottom, and the nutrient bag is drilled according to the trench direction, and the commodity seedling is obtained by sowing seedling in the cultivation row, and the commodity konjak is obtained by sowing commodity seedling in the planting row, and the fertilizer is mixed and topdressed according to the plot fertility.The application is comprehensively adjusted from the aspects of forest species screening and modification, plot soil layer belt type interval cultivation, nutrient bag planting, ditch drilling, waterlogging prevention and water storage facility laying, so that the production efficiency of under-forest konjak commodity konjak is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of konjac under a forest by using intermittent soil-raising bags and ridge-forming strip sowing. Background Art

[0002] The climate environment of Qinba Mountain Area belongs to the konjac suitable habitat, and the konjac planting pattern under the forest originating from Ankang, southern Shaanxi has also been widely promoted and applied, becoming one of the main planting patterns of domestic konjac. Under the forest environment provides natural shading conditions for konjac, and the forest resources in the mountainous area are abundant, the soil is soft, the organic matter is rich, and the disease incidence rate is low, and has also progressively developed into one of the main approaches of current southern Shaanxi mountain area development konjac. But simultaneously, under the forest environment is because of the influence of factors such as altitude, forest species, vegetation density, rainfall, soil thickness and slope, so that the konjac planting under the forest needs to be adapted to local conditions. Especially for the production of commodity taro under the forest, the problem often occurring mainly contains that the soil layer is thinner, and the plot fertility is short, and the surface root system is overgrown, and miscellaneous branches are randomly grown, and rainfall is uneven (the annual rainfall in local areas exceeds 1400mm, and the annual rainfall in some areas is lower than 800mm), the plot height is uneven and the artificial planting and digging cost height etc. make the commodity taro under the forest production efficiency low, have a strong impact on the healthy and efficient development of the konjac industry in the mountain area. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a planting method of konjac in forests by using intermittent soil-raising bag-type ridge-forming and row-sowing, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0004] The present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] A method for planting konjac in forests using intermittent soil-filled bags and ridged strips, comprising the following steps: selecting a plot and forest species, adjusting shade, spacing planting rows and soil-filled rows, using soil-filled rows to fill the planting rows, and setting planting ridges between the planting and soil-filled rows; digging furrows on the planting ridges for strip sowing, laying waterproofing or water storage facilities at the bottom of the furrows, and strip sowing nutrient bags in the direction of the excavated furrows; obtaining commercial seed taro by sowing seed taro in the soil-filled rows, and obtaining commercial taro by sowing commercial seed taro in the planting rows; and applying fertilizer and topdressing according to the fertility of the plot.

[0006] Preferably, the soil layer thickness of the plot is greater than 20 cm, the slope is not greater than 60°, the average rainfall is 800-1200 mm, and the sunshine duration in summer is greater than 6 h / d.

[0007] More preferably, when the soil layer thickness is greater than 40 cm, no soiling is required, and no soiling rows need to be set. Commercial taro can be planted directly to produce commercial taro. In addition, the slope is divided into gentle slope and steep slope. The minimum slope in the present invention is no slope, that is, flat land, and the maximum slope is generally not greater than 60°, otherwise the land is too steep to operate.

[0008] When screening the environment for konjac cultivation under the forest, in addition to screening the tree species, the key considerations are the soil conditions under the forest, namely the soil type, soil layer thickness, plot location, slope, and local annual rainfall. The soil type should be fertile, rich in organic matter, moderately acidic or slightly acidic loam or clay containing gravel, with an organic matter content of at least 2%; it is advisable to choose a plot with a soil layer thickness of more than 20 cm, because it is suitable for the production and planting of konjac seed taro; secondly, if commercial taro is produced in this area, there will be sufficient soil for soil cultivation; it is not advisable to choose steep slopes that are too barren, full of sand and gravel, and prone to drought, as well as low-lying areas with heavy soil and easy waterlogging, and plots in windward areas or with strong winds; it is not advisable to choose steep slopes with a slope greater than 60°, which are not conducive to agricultural operations and are prone to natural disasters such as landslides or mudslides in continuous rainy weather; it is advisable to choose plots with an average annual rainfall of 800-1200 mm and a summer sunshine duration of more than 6 h / d.

[0009] Preferably, the tree height is more than 3m, the trunk is straight and the branches in the middle and lower parts are fewer, the branches are not easy to break, the wind resistance is strong, the leaf type is fine and dense small leaves or needles, the root system is a deep root system rather than a superficial root system, and the crown width is 2-8m. Natural forests are generally denser, and tree species with larger crown widths will cause excessive shade, which is not suitable for intercropping konjac, and is prone to causing damage to konjac such as broken side branches. Mature trees with a breast diameter of generally 0.2-0.5m have trunks that are not too thin and are easily affected by wind and animal activities, which cause damage to konjac such as broken branches. More suitable forest species include locust, lacquer tree, jujube tree, chestnut tree, walnut tree, fir tree, pine tree, poplar tree, etc.

[0010] Preferably, the shading degree is adjusted by the illumination duration and illumination intensity; wherein, when the illumination duration is ≥8h / d and the illumination intensity is >40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 80-90%; when the illumination duration is ≥8h / d and the illumination intensity is 20,000-40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 70-80%; when the illumination duration is ≥8h / d and the illumination intensity is 0.8-20,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 50-70%; when the illumination duration is ≥8h / d and the illumination intensity is <0.80,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 100-200,000 LUX. The shading degree is adjusted to less than 50% or no shading; when the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is greater than 40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 75%-85%; when the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is 20,000-40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 60%-75%; when the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is 8,000-20,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 40%-60%; when the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is less than 8,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to less than 40% or no shading.

[0011] The main method of adjusting the shade degree of konjac under the forest is to adjust the branches, crown width and height of the trunks of different forest species.

[0012] Preferably, the width of the planting row is 3-8m; the distance between the outermost planting row and the trees on both sides is 0.5-1m.

[0013] Preferably, the spacing distribution of planting rows and soil-building rows is set according to the thickness of the soil layer, including the width ratio of planting rows and soil-building rows and the soil-building thickness; when the soil layer thickness is 10-20cm and the soil-building thickness is 30-40cm, the width ratio of planting rows and soil-building rows is 1:(3-4); when the soil layer thickness is 20-30cm and the soil-building thickness is 20-30cm, the width ratio of planting rows and soil-building rows is 1:(2-3); when the soil layer thickness is 30-40cm and the soil-building thickness is 10-20cm, the width ratio of planting rows and soil-building rows is 1:(1-2); when the soil layer thickness is greater than 40cm, no soil-building is required.

[0014] Planting rows and soiling rows are spaced apart, and soiling rows are used to build up soil for the planting rows, so that the planting rows are suitable for producing commercial taro and the soiling rows can also be used for producing seed taro. By limiting the soiling thickness and the ratio of the planting row to the soiling row width, it can be ensured that there is sufficient soil to fill the nutrient bags at a certain soiling thickness. At the same time, it can be ensured that the soiling rows have a loose surface soil layer of more than 15-20 cm, which can be used to develop small seed taro, so as to fully utilize the resources of the forest land.

[0015] The planting row is the area where the konjac is placed, and the mulching row is the area separated from the planting row that provides humus soil. Generally, it needs to be trimmed according to the thickness of the soil layer in the forest plot, the slope of the plot, and the local average annual rainfall. That is, the thickness of the soil layer and the width of the mulching row determine the mulching capacity of the mulching row, while the slope of the plot and the local average annual rainfall determine the direction and depth of the nutrient bags in the trenches of the planting row. At the same time, it is also necessary to trim according to the approximate plant spacing and density of the natural understory vegetation to ensure that the mulching row can supply the amount of soil required by the planting row, and to ensure that the mulching row and the planting row are roughly distributed in a strip or strip shape to facilitate sowing and later management. The width of the planting row is generally set at 3-8m. If the planting row is too narrow (<3m), it is easy to cause excessive shading; if the planting row is too wide (>8m), some areas will be directly exposed to sunlight, causing local temperatures to be too high and damaging the konjac. Therefore, in order to prevent the konjac from being shaded too high or too low, not only the appropriate planting row width should be set, but also the tree margin, that is, the distance between the outermost planting row of konjac and the trees on both sides, which is generally set at 0.5-1m.

[0016] Planting ridges are set up on the planting rows and soiling rows. After soiling is completed, the amount of soil is set according to the size of the nutrient bags. Then the planting rows are leveled or raked. The density of the nutrient bags and the number of furrows are set according to the width of the planting ridges, the size of the seed taro, or the specifications of the nutrient bags. Side ditches are set on both sides of the outermost planting rows. The number of furrows refers to the grooves opened between the ridges where the nutrient bags are placed. The density refers to the row spacing and plant spacing between the two nutrient bags.

[0017] Preferably, the planting row is provided with planting ridges, including setting the number of planting ridges and the number of furrows according to the width of the planting row; the row spacing is set to: row spacing 10-20 cm, plant spacing 5-10 cm.

[0018] Preferably, waterproofing or water storage facilities are laid according to the average annual rainfall and the slope of the site; if the average annual rainfall is greater than 1200mm, no waterproofing or water storage facilities are required on steep slopes greater than or equal to 45° and less than 60°, and plastic mesh is laid on gentle slopes less than 45°; if the average annual rainfall is 800-1200mm, no waterproofing or water storage facilities are required on steep slopes, and plastic mesh is laid on gentle slopes; if the average annual rainfall is less than 800mm, water storage membrane is laid on steep slopes, and water storage membrane and plastic mesh are laid on gentle slopes.

[0019] Digging furrows and sowing in rows on the planting ridges means digging trenches less than 8 cm below the position of the nutrient bags on the planting ridges according to the depth of the nutrient bags. After laying waterproof or water storage facilities, the nutrient bags are placed or sown in rows in the direction of the dug trenches.

[0020] Preferably, the material of the nutrient bag is non-woven fabric, and the dimensions are diameter × height of (35-45) cm × (35-45) cm; the soil capacity of the nutrient bag is 5-10 kg / bag; the hole diameter around the ring of the nutrient bag is 1.0-1.5 cm, the hole diameter at the bottom is 1.0-2.0 cm, the holes around the bag are 25-30 cm away, and the holes at the bottom are distributed at intervals of 5-8 cm.

[0021] The present invention utilizes nutrient bags for understory planting for the following reasons: (1) the understory is rich in humus soil, and using nutrient bags for planting allows for batch soil replacement or soil improvement every 2-3 years, which is simple and convenient to operate and can effectively solve the dilemma of having to rotate crops or change plots for planting due to continuous cropping obstacles; (2) using nutrient bags for planting can effectively prevent the pollution of large areas of soil caused by the disease of individual plants and the rapid spread of diseases; at the same time, it is also conducive to field operations such as artificial topdressing and spraying of pesticides in the later stage; (3) it can flexibly respond to sudden changes in environmental and climatic conditions under the forest, such as encountering strong winds, heavy rains, hail, landslides, and damage caused by birds and animals under the forest, and can timely transfer or adjust the placement direction of the nutrient bags; (4) sowing and harvesting are convenient, which can save a lot of manpower and time; at the same time, the commercial taro and seed taro produced are more consistent in size, appearance, etc., thereby forming a standardized production model. Using non-woven fabric to make nutrient bags can increase the air permeability of the soil layer of the nutrient bags, and it is not suitable to use leather nutrient bags, especially in the summer when the humidity in the forest is high and it is easy to cause mildew. The size of the nutrient bag is customized according to the size of the commercial taro produced. Generally, the expansion multiple of 100-300g of commercial seed taro in one year is 6-8 times. The size of the nutrient bag should be (35-45) × (35-45) cm in diameter × height. The waist and bottom design of the nutrient bag are customized according to the average annual rainfall of the plot.

[0022] The present invention is beneficial to timely drainage of the nutrient bag and maintaining moisture, thereby avoiding excessive waterlogging or excessive drought, and is beneficial to the growth of the root system.

[0023] Preferably, the depth of the nutrient bags on the planting ridges, the depth and width of the grooves, and whether it is necessary to lay drought-resistant and waterproof facilities at the bottom of the nutrient bags are set according to the slope of the plot and the average annual rainfall. The nutrient bags are sown in rows, that is, they are placed according to the direction of the grooves in the planting rows, and the direction of the grooves is parallel to the direction of the nutrient bags.

[0024] When using nutrient bags for planting on steep slopes greater than or equal to 45° and less than 60°, you also need to pay attention to the average annual rainfall of the land and adjust the direction of the nutrient bags and trench excavation according to the rainfall: When using nutrient bags for planting on gentle slopes less than 45°, you also need to set up trenches according to the average annual rainfall of the land to facilitate the accumulation or timely discharge of rainwater. Gentle slopes generally place nutrient bags according to the direction of the planting ridges.

[0025] Preferably, the periphery of the planting row is provided with: be provided with the plantation ridge that quantity does not wait according to the width of the planting row, every ridge is at least placed more than 2 rows of nutrient bags, and suitable close planting can play good anti-lodging effect.Simultaneously, the planting row periphery is the most limit row konjaku, often can cause petiole or branch to break, even whole plant to lodging because of strong wind, heavy rain and animal activity etc..Therefore pull up fine net around near the most limit row konjaku in the planting row, can play good buffering and supporting effect to the rocking, tilting or lodging of konjak petiole etc..The fine net is tied up respectively in surrounding trunk upper and lower parts, and height is generally at 0.8-1.2m, and aperture is at 1-2cm, and the lower end is embedded in following 5-10cm of side ditch soil.

[0026] Preferably, the planting ridge width, the plant spacing and the number of rows of nutrient bags on each planting ridge are set in the soil-building row according to the mass of the seed taro; when the mass of the seed taro is 10-20g, the plant spacing is (10-15)×(15-20)cm, the ridge width is 0.8-1.2m, and 4-6 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each planting ridge; when the mass of the seed taro is 20-50g, the plant spacing is (15-20)×(20-25)cm, the ridge width is 0.8-1.2m, and 3-4 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each planting ridge; when the mass of the seed taro is 50-100g, the plant spacing is (20-25)×(25-30)cm, the ridge width is 0.6-1.0m, and 2-3 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each planting ridge.

[0027] Select small bulbs or rhizomes with smooth skin, normal shape, full buds, short and strong terminal buds, no damage, no disease spots and no rot, weighing 10-100g, and can be used as commercial taro after one year of planting.

[0028] When the taro mass is 20-50g, sowing is directly carried out without earthing; When the taro mass is 50-100g, the earthing mode is adopted. The earthing mode is: first, ditches are excavated at the most side of the earthing row, and the ditch width is 0.5-1m, so as to avoid the taro being too close to the trunk and causing excessive shade; the ditch should be deeply dug, which is beneficial for drainage or water storage and can also be used for planting ridge earthing. The soil in the ditch is concentrated on the first planting ridge covering, and the soil of the first planting ridge ditch is concentrated on the second planting ridge covering, thereby repeating the operation planted in sequence. In addition, according to the earthing row width, rainfall and plot slope, wide deep furrows or wide shallow furrows are excavated every few ridges, so as to facilitate the accumulation or infiltration of rainwater and manual operation between the ridges of konjac, etc., to form the earthing mode for the taro to be planted.

[0029] By setting the width ratio of the soiling row to the planting row, ensure that the soil layer in the planting row is at least 15-20cm thick after the soiling is completed. This can be used to grow konjac seed taro, thereby fully utilizing the land resources under the forest. Because small seed taro has good resistance and high planting density, the disease rate under the forest is relatively low, so it can be sown directly in the plot.

[0030] Preferably, the furrow depth, width and ridge direction of the planting ridges are set according to the average annual rainfall and the slope of the site.

[0031] The settings of wide and deep trenches or wide and shallow trenches are as follows: when the rainfall is greater than 1200mm, a wide and deep trench can be dug every 4-5 ridges between the planting ridges of the soil-raising row. The trench width should be 0.8-1.2m, and the depth should be set according to the slope of the plot. The depth of the steep slope is 20-30cm, and the depth of the gentle slope is 30-40cm; when the rainfall is 800-1200mm, wide and deep trenches and wide and shallow trenches can be dug every 5-7 ridges between the planting ridges of the soil-raising row. Wide and deep trenches: the trench width should be 0.6-0.8m, and the depth should be set according to the slope of the plot. The depth of the steep slope trench is 15-20cm, and the depth of the gentle slope trench is 20-30cm; wide and shallow trenches: the trench width should be 0.6-0.8m, and the depth should be set according to the slope of the plot. The width should be 0.8-1.0m, and the depth should be set according to the slope of the plot. The depth of the ditch on steep slope is 10-15cm, and the depth of the ditch on gentle slope is 15-20cm; if the rainfall is less than 800mm, wide and deep ditches and wide and shallow ditches can be dug every 7-10 ridges between the planting ridges of the soil-raising row. Wide and deep ditches: the ditch width should be 1.0-1.2m, and the depth should be set according to the slope of the plot. The depth of the ditch on steep slope is 20-30cm, and the depth of the ditch on gentle slope is 15-20cm; wide and shallow ditches: the ditch width should be 0.8-1.0m, and the depth should be set according to the slope of the plot. The depth of the ditch on steep slope is 15-20cm, and the depth of the ditch on gentle slope is 10-15cm.

[0032] Small bulbs or rhizomes weighing less than 100g can be used as seed taro. The sowing parameters can be set according to the size of the seed taro, rainfall and slope of the plot, and wide ridges and dense planting can be achieved. This can increase the yield per unit area, fix the plants to prevent lodging, and achieve the effect of dense planting to cover grass.

[0033] Preferably, the sowing of commercial taro in the planting row includes: selecting commercial taro with shallow buds, short and thick leaf buds, gray-brown and thick skin, oblong or pest-shaped, without damage, mildew, or insect eyes and spots, and a mass of 100-300g, so that the commercial taro can be harvested in the same year it is planted. According to the size of the bulb, the position of sowing the commercial taro in the nutrient bag is generally in the middle and upper part, that is, 15-25cm away from the bag opening. According to the size of the taro, generally 100-200g taro can be placed in 3-4 rows per planting ridge; 200-300g taro can be placed in 2-3 rows per planting ridge.

[0034] Preferably, the mixing fertilizer and topdressing are uniformly mixed with the soil according to the fertility of the plot, generally at a mass ratio of forest soil: organic fertilizer = (2.5-3): 1; at the same time, a small amount of compound fertilizer (according to the mass ratio N: P: K = 6: 1: 8) is supplemented, and 50-60g per bag is applied during the konjac head-changing period and the swelling period.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0036] The present invention makes comprehensive adjustments in aspects such as forest species screening and trimming, strip-type interval soiling of plots, nutrient bag planting, furrowing and row sowing, and laying of waterlogging prevention and water storage facilities, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency of commercial konjac taro under the forest; at the same time, it can also make full use of the soiling rows to produce konjac seed taro, effectively promoting the high-quality development of the konjac industry under the forest in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any intermediate value within a stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range is also encompassed by the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0039] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0040] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the present invention. The present description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0041] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0042] An embodiment of the present invention provides a planting method for konjac under a forest by using intermittent soil-raising bags to form ridges and sow in rows. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a plot and a forest type, adjusting the shade degree, distributing planting rows and soil-raising rows at intervals, using the soil-raising rows to soil the planting rows, and arranging planting ridges on the planting rows and the soil-raising rows; digging furrows on the planting ridges for strip sowing, laying waterproof or water storage facilities at the bottom of the furrows, sowing nutrient bags in the direction of the excavated furrows, sowing commercial seed taro by sowing seed taro in the soil-raising rows, and sowing commercial taro by sowing commercial seed taro in the planting rows, and mixing fertilizer and applying topdressing according to the fertility of the plot.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the soil layer thickness of the plot is greater than 20 cm, the slope is not greater than 60°, the average annual rainfall is 800-1200 mm, and the summer sunshine duration is greater than 6 h / d.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the shading degree is adjusted by the duration of illumination and the intensity of illumination. The shading degree of the konjac under the forest is adjusted by adjusting the branches, crown width and height of the trunks of different forest species. Table 1 shows the adjustment of the shading degree of the konjac under the forest under different durations of illumination and intensity of illumination in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] Table 1

[0046]

[0047] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the spacing distribution of planting rows and soil-raising rows is set according to the thickness of the soil layer, including the width ratio and soil-raising thickness of the planting rows and soil-raising rows. Table 2 shows the setting of soil-raising rows and planting rows obtained through some preferred embodiments of the present invention. The widths of soil-raising rows and planting rows are set according to Table 2. While fully ensuring the soil-raising thickness of the planting rows, sufficient soil can be left in the soil-raising rows to plant small konjac taro.

[0048] Table 2

[0049]

[0050] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the planting ridge arrangement includes setting the number of planting ridges and furrows according to the planting row width; and setting the row spacing to 10-20 cm and the plant spacing to 5-10 cm. Table 3 shows the planting ridge arrangement obtained by some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] Table 3

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, waterproofing or water storage facilities are laid according to the average annual rainfall and the slope of the site. Table 4 shows the settings for laying planting ridge bottom materials in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] Table 4

[0056] Average annual reduction Steep slopes Gentle slope >1200mm No laying required Plastic mesh 800-1200mm No laying required Plastic mesh <800mm Water storage membrane Water storage membrane + plastic mesh

[0057] The water-storage material is used to store rainwater for the growth of taro seeds, namely, plastic film, which is laid at the bottom of the planting ridge. The width and height of the four sides can be set according to the density and depth of the nutrient bags on the planting ridge. The plastic mesh is used to prevent the bottom of the nutrient bag from being soaked by rainwater. That is, a plastic mesh with a pore size of 0.5-1.0 cm is laid on the plastic film to press down the extra corners on the top of the semi-rectangular water-storage plastic film with a bottom. The four sides are then compacted with soil, and the nutrient bags are finally placed on it. The bottomless nutrient bags can use a plastic mesh with a pore size of 0.5 cm, and the nutrient bags with a bottom can use a plastic mesh with a pore size of 1.0 cm. When the annual rainfall is less than 800 mm, such as on steep slopes, the nutrient bags can be placed directly on the water-storage plastic film. On gently sloping land, the distance between the water-storage plastic film and the plastic mesh is set to less than 3 cm. When the annual rainfall on gently sloping land is greater than 800 mm, the plastic mesh is generally 3-8 cm away from the bottom of the planting ridge.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the material of the nutrient bag is non-woven fabric, and the dimensions are diameter × height of (35-45) cm × (35-45) cm; the soil capacity of the nutrient bag is 5-10 kg / bag; the aperture of the nutrient bag is 1.0-1.5 cm around the ring, the aperture at the bottom is 1.0-2.0 cm, the holes around the bag are 25-30 cm away, and the holes at the bottom are spaced 5-8 cm apart. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the setting of the nutrient bag according to the annual rainfall is shown in Table 5. The following setting is conducive to timely drainage of the nutrient bag and keeping it moist, avoiding excessive waterlogging or drought, and at the same time is conducive to the growth of the root system.

[0059] Table 5

[0060] Average annual rainfall / mm Waist design Bottom design ＞1200 6-8 holes around the ring 4-6 holes 800-1200 4-6 holes around the ring 4-6 holes ＜800 2-4 holes bottomless

[0061] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the nutrient bags are sown in rows in the direction of the excavated trenches according to the slope of the site and the average annual rainfall, and the trench depth, width, depth of the nutrient bags embedded in the ground, and the placement of the nutrient bags are set; in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the placement of the nutrient bags is set according to Tables 6-8.

[0062] Table 6 (steep slope ≥ 45°)

[0063]

[0064] Table 7 (steep slope ≥ 45°)

[0065]

[0066] Table 8 (steep slope <45°)

[0067]

[0068] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the planting ridge width, plant spacing and the number of rows of nutrient bags on each planting ridge are set in the soil-raising row according to the quality of the seed taro. Table 9 shows the settings of the seed taro sowing parameters in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] Table 9

[0070] Seed taro specifications Plant spacing ridge width Number of rows / ridges 10-20g 10-15*15-20cm 0.8-1.2m Lines 4-6 20-50g 15-20*20-25cm 0.8-1.2 3-4 lines 50-100g 20-25*25-30cm 0.6-1.0 2-3 lines

[0071] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the furrow depth, furrow width and ridge direction of the planting ridge are set according to the average annual rainfall and the slope of the site. Table 10 shows the settings of the furrow width, depth and ridge direction in some preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0072] Table 10

[0073]

[0074] The conventional planting method adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: in the first year, small bulbs and rhizomes are planted by digging holes for planting without digging furrows or forming ridges, and the land under the forest is fully planted without a fixed planting direction. In the first year, the bulbs are not dug and the bulbs are left in the ground over the winter. In the second year, the bulbs continue to grow for one year, and at the end of the year, the commercial seed taro or commercial taro weighing more than 1-2 kilograms is dug out, and the rhizomes are buried underground. The bulbs continue to grow in the next year, thus forming a production mode of "digging the large ones and leaving the small ones, leaving the ground over the winter, and cyclic planting" that is common in the planting of konjac under the forest in southern Shaanxi.

[0075] The advantages of conventional planting methods are that they save on manual excavation and sowing costs as well as winter storage costs. However, their disadvantages are that the production efficiency of commercial konjac taro is low, the seed taro expands slowly, the fertility of the land decreases rapidly and is uneven, and there are serious obstacles to continuous cropping of the land, which can easily cause outbreaks of diseases in the forest konjac. In addition, inadequate post-management, such as too dense shading, accumulated rain and landslides caused by continuous rain, and the falling of dead branches and leaves, have made the problems of conventional planting of konjac under the forest increasingly serious, and there is an urgent need to update the cultivation model.

[0076] Example 1 Planting method of konjac with interval soil-raising bag type ridge-making and row-sowing under forest

[0077] 1. Screening of commercial taro seeds

[0078] Select the second-year seed bulbs of the hybrid konjac variety "Anmo 128" without damage, mildew, or insect eyes, with a mass of 150-200g.

[0079] 2. Land conditions

[0080] The site chosen is located under a jujube forest on a sunny slope in the mountainous area of ​​southern Shaanxi at an altitude of 680m. The dense leaves of the jujube trees provide a good buffer for rainwater and facilitate the transmission of scattered light. The slope under the forest is gentle, the soil is loose, and the soil layer thickness averages 18-25cm. It is rich in organic matter and has an average annual rainfall of 940-1170mm, which is relatively abundant. The sunlight duration is long (more than 6 hours / day in summer), and the light intensity is suitable.

[0081] 3. Forest understory pruning

[0082] (1) Shade adjustment

[0083] The shade degree under the jujube forest is 70%-80%, which is relatively high. It is necessary to prune and adjust the side branches, trunks and crown width to ensure that the shade degree is 60%-70%. The light intensity under the forest can be 10,000-20,000 LX.

[0084] (2) Adjustment of understory planting rows and soiling rows

[0085] The land under the forest is generally in the form of rectangular strips. After trimming, the small shrubs and weeds in the middle are cut off, and the planting row width is 4-5m. At the same time, according to the thickness of the soil layer in the planting row, the soiling row is artificially adjusted to a width of 9-12cm. The longitudinal length of the plot is 14-17m, and the planting rows and soiling rows are spaced apart in sequence.

[0086] 4. Interval soiling of understory plots

[0087] According to the thickness of the soil layer of the plot, the width ratio of planting rows to soiling rows can be set at 1:2-3, and the soiling thickness is 20-30cm; in addition, the size of the bulb is 150-200g, and the size of the nutrient bag can be set at (35-40)cm*(35-40)cm, with an average soil volume of 5-6kg per bag. In this way, sufficient soil can be left in the soiling rows for planting small taro seeds.

[0088] 5. Fertilizer mixing and topdressing

[0089] According to the labor intensity of the plot, evenly mix the soil at a mass ratio of forest soil to organic fertilizer of (2.5-3) to 1, and then bag it. At the same time, supplement with a small amount of compound fertilizer (at a mass ratio of N:P:K = 6:1:8), applying 50-60g per bag during the konjac head-changing and expansion stages.

[0090] 6. Nutrient bag screening

[0091] According to the average annual rainfall of 940-1170mm under the forest, 4-6 holes are set around the waist of the nutrient bag, and 4-6 holes are also set at the bottom of the nutrient bag to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater, the growth of the bottom roots and the absorption of nutrients.

[0092] 7. Sowing

[0093] Depending on the size of the bulbs, the sowing depth of the bulbs in the nutrient bag is generally 15 cm from the bag opening.

[0094] 8. Ditching and ridge making

[0095] Set the furrow depth, width, and direction based on the average annual rainfall and slope of the plot. Because the plot is gently sloping with an average annual rainfall of 940-1170 mm, you can create deep and shallow furrows spaced apart, with the furrows running the length of the plot. Furrow depth: 10-15 cm for narrow furrows and 20-30 cm for wide furrows. Furrow width: 30-40 cm for narrow furrows and 40-50 cm for wide furrows.

[0096] 9. Placement of nutrient bags

[0097] (1) Number of furrows and ridges and number of rows of nutrient bags

[0098] Rake or level the rows. According to the width of the ridges and the size of the nutrient bags, set the density of the nutrient bags and the number of furrows. Based on the width of the rows and the size of the nutrient bags, each row can have 3-4 ridges, each ridge is 0.8-1.0m wide, and each ridge can have 3-4 rows of nutrient bags.

[0099] (2) Grooving and laying facilities on ridges

[0100] Based on the rainfall and slope of the plot, grooves of varying depths are created at the bottom of each row of nutrient bags, and the depth of the nutrient bags is set. First, based on rainfall, the nutrient bags can be placed 10-15cm below the surface. Secondly, because the land is gently sloping, to facilitate the timely drainage of rainwater, grooves 4-6cm deep are created below the nutrient bags. Plastic mesh is laid on the grooves to facilitate the ventilation and growth of the konjac roots at the bottom of the nutrient bags and prevent the taro seeds from being soaked.

[0101] 10. Planting row perimeter settings

[0102] Because the plots are located under the forest, where wild boars, jackals, deer, and birds are active, a simple fence can be set up around the planting rows. Tie nylon or plastic netting to the upper and lower parts of the surrounding tree trunks, generally at a height of 0.8-1.2m, with a hole diameter of 1-2cm. Bury the bottom end 5-10cm below the side ditch or nail the bottom hem into the ditch to provide protection.

[0103] Planting was carried out according to conventional planting methods and compared with the planting results of Example 1, as shown in Table 11. The incidence rate was calculated based on the number of bulbs harvested at the end, i.e., incidence rate = (number of sown bulbs - number of harvested bulbs) / number of sown bulbs; yield per mu = average weight of single bulbs * 3000 plants / mu * (1-incidence rate) * emergence rate. Commercial taro of this specification is generally planted at about 3000 plants per mu.

[0104] Table 11

[0105]

[0106] The land parcels are high-quality understory land resources. However, conventional planting methods suffer from low commercial taro production efficiency and severe disease infestation due to factors such as excessive understory shade, exposed taro roots, rainwater immersion, and prolonged excessive moisture. However, by adjusting understory shade, cultivating soil between planting rows, planting in nutrient bags, designing grooves at the bottom of the bags, and laying plastic mesh, the advantages of the forest land are fully utilized, significantly improving the production efficiency of commercial taro under the forest, and significantly promoting the development of commercial konjac taro production in southern Shaanxi.

[0107] Conventional planting involves digging holes directly in the forest floor, generally without furrows or ridges, and rarely trimming or adjusting branches or shade. A "dig the big and leave the small" approach is typically adopted, with large bulbs removed and small bulbs and rhizomes left buried in the ground. This creates a no-tillage system under the forest floor, but this results in slower bulb expansion and lower production efficiency.

[0108] Example 2 Planting method of konjac intermittent soil bag type ridge seeding under forest

[0109] 1. Commercial taro screening

[0110] Select the second-year white taro bulbs that are free of damage, mildew, and insect eyes, with a mass of 100-120g.

[0111] 2. Land conditions

[0112] The land is located under a mixed forest of walnut and mulberry trees in the mountainous area of ​​southern Shaanxi at an altitude of 960-1040m. The slope of the land is steep and continuous, like terraces. The average thickness of the loose soil layer on the surface is 15-20cm, the organic matter content is about 2.5%, the shading degree is 70%-80%, and the average annual rainfall is 660-810mm, which is relatively insufficient. The sunshine time in summer is more than 8 hours, and the light intensity is high.

[0113] 3. Forest understory pruning

[0114] (1) Shade adjustment

[0115] The plots in this area are planted under a mixed walnut and mulberry plantation, arranged on a hilly, mountainous terrain with a slope of >45°. Walnut trees are planted along the upper sides of the plots, while mulberry trees are planted along the lower sides and at the ends, with two rows of mulberry trees in the center. The plots provide 70%-80% shade in summer, which is slightly too dense. Thinning and topping will be done in May and June to maintain a 60%-70% shade.

[0116] (2) Adjustment of understory planting rows and soiling rows

[0117] The forest floor is terraced, with irregular, long plots averaging 50-60 meters in length and 10-12 meters in width. Based on the terrain's distribution, the soil-building rows and planting rows are spaced out in a vertical pattern, with soil from the upper plot (the soil-building row) used to build up the lower plot (the planting row).

[0118] 4. Interval soiling of understory plots

[0119] According to the thickness of the soil layer of the plot, the planting rows and the soil-building rows can be set at an upper and lower width ratio of 1:3-4, and the soil-building thickness is 20-30cm; in addition, the size of the bulbs is 100-120g, the size of the nutrient bags is 35cm*35cm, and the average amount of soil in each bag is 5kg. In this way, sufficient soil can be left in the soil-building rows for planting small taro.

[0120] 5. Fertilizer mixing and topdressing

[0121] Depending on the plot's labor intensity, evenly mix the soil at a ratio of 2.5-3:1 between forest soil and organic fertilizer, then bag the soil. At the same time, apply a small amount of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 6:1:8), typically 50-60g per pot during the konjac's head-changing and bulking stages.

[0122] 6. Nutrient bag screening

[0123] According to the average annual rainfall of 660-810mm in the plot, 2-4 holes are set around the waist of the nutrient bag, and the bottom of the nutrient bag is set to be bottomless to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater, the growth of the bottom roots and the absorption of nutrients.

[0124] 7. Sowing

[0125] Depending on the size of the bulbs, the sowing depth of the bulbs in the nutrient bag is generally 15 cm from the bag opening.

[0126] 8. Ditching and ridge making

[0127] The depth, width, and orientation of the furrows are determined based on the average annual rainfall and slope of the plot. Because the plot is steep and receives an average annual rainfall of 660-810 mm, the furrows can be shallow. Ditch depth: 10-15 cm; ditch width: 20-30 cm. Also, because the plot's slope is steep and annual rainfall is relatively low, the furrows are oriented perpendicular to the slope to facilitate rainwater storage.

[0128] 9. Placement of nutrition bags

[0129] (1) Number of furrows and ridges and number of rows of nutrient bags

[0130] According to the furrowing and ridge forming direction, planting row width and nutrient bag specifications, 2-3 ridges are set up for each planting row, each ridge is 0.8-1.0m wide, and 3-4 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each ridge.

[0131] (2) Grooving and laying facilities on ridges

[0132] Based on the rainfall and slope of the plot, grooves of varying depths were created at the bottom of each row of nutrient bags, and the depth of the bags was set accordingly. First, based on rainfall, the bags were placed 20-30cm below the ground surface. Second, because the land was steeply sloped, a water-retention membrane was laid at the bottom of the nutrient bags to facilitate rainwater accumulation.

[0133] 10. Planting row perimeter settings

[0134] Because the land is located in an under-forest environment where small animals such as birds are active, a simple fence can be set up around the planting rows. The nylon net is tied to the upper and lower parts of the surrounding tree trunks. The height is generally 0.8-1.2m, the hole diameter is 1-2cm, and the lower end is buried 5-10cm below the ditch to play a protective role.

[0135] Planting was carried out according to conventional planting methods and compared with the planting results of Example 2, as shown in Table 12, wherein the yield per mu = average weight of single bulbs * 4000 plants / mu * (1-incidence rate) * emergence rate. Because the seed taro is small, it can generally be planted at 4000 plants / mu.

[0136] Table 12

[0137]

[0138] Due to high temperatures and drought in the summer, thin soil, and a lack of rainfall, the konjac plants prematurely fell over, significantly impacting their bulb expansion. By increasing the depth of the taro seeds, planting in nutrient bags, and laying water-retaining film at the bottom of the planting ridges and furrows, we were able to effectively lower the ground temperature and significantly reduce the risk of disease.

[0139] Example 3 Planting method of konjac with interval soil-raising bag type ridge-making and row-sowing under forest

[0140] 1. Land conditions

[0141] Same as described in Example 2, in addition, Example 2 describes the planting of commercial seed taro in planting rows, and Example 3 records the planting process of small seed taro in soil-raising rows.

[0142] 2. Planting taro

[0143] Taking the first generation bulbs of hybrid konjac "Anmo 128" as an example, the selected seed taro weighs 50-60g and commercial seed taro can be harvested after one year of planting.

[0144] 3. Cultivate the soil and plant taro

[0145] After the soil is added to the planting rows, the thickness of the soil layer is generally at least 15 cm, so it can be used to breed konjac seeds, thereby making full use of the land resources under the forest.

[0146] 4. Planting pattern

[0147] For small bulbs weighing 50-60g, a soil-building method can be used. This involves digging deep side ditches at the outermost edge of the soil-building row, typically 0.5-1m wide. Soil from the side ditches is then concentrated onto the first planting ridge. The soil from the first planting ridge's ditch is then concentrated onto the second planting ridge, and this process is repeated. Plant spacing is 20 x 25cm, ridge width is 0.6-0.8m, and there are 2-3 rows per ridge. The ridge furrows are 20-30cm deep and 30-40cm wide.

[0148] 5. Wide shallow / deep groove setting

[0149] Because the average annual rainfall in the land is relatively insufficient, wide and deep trenches and wide and shallow trenches can be dug every 7-8 ridges between the planting ridges in the soil-raising rows. Wide and deep trenches: the ditch width should be 1.0-1.2m, and the depth of the ditch on steep slopes is 20-30cm; wide and shallow trenches: the ditch width should be 0.8-1.0cm, and the depth of the ditch on steep slopes is 15-20cm.

[0150] Planting was carried out according to conventional planting methods and compared with the planting results of Example 3, as shown in Table 13, where the yield per mu = average weight of single bulbs * 5500 plants / mu * (1-incidence rate) * emergence rate. Due to the specifications of the taro seeds, they can be planted at 5500 plants / mu.

[0151] Table 13

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] The plots of land are high-quality forest land resources. However, conventional planting methods suffer from low seed taro production efficiency and severe disease infestation due to factors such as excessive shade under the forest, exposed root systems, rainwater immersion, and prolonged excessive moisture. However, by adjusting the degree of shade under the forest, spacing soil between ridges, setting wide shallow furrows and wide deep furrows between ridges, and adjusting ridge and furrow and sowing parameters, the forest soil resources are fully utilized, significantly promoting konjac seed taro production in southern Shaanxi.

[0155] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for konjac with interval soil-raising bag type ridge-making and strip-seeding under forest, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: Selecting a plot and a forest type, adjusting the shade, spacing the planting rows and the soiling rows, using the soiling rows to soil the planting rows, and setting planting ridges on the planting rows and the soiling rows; digging furrows on the planting ridges for seeding, laying waterproof or water storage facilities at the bottom of the furrows, and planting nutrient bags in the direction of the dug furrows for seeding, sowing taro seeds on the soiling rows to obtain commercial taro seeds, and sowing commercial taro seeds on the planting rows to obtain commercial taro, and applying fertilizer and topdressing according to the fertility of the plot; The slope of the plot is not greater than 60°, and the sunshine duration in summer is greater than 6h / d; When the soil layer thickness of the local plot is 10-20 cm and the soiling thickness is 30-40 cm, the width ratio of the planting row to the soiling row is 1: (3-4); when the soil layer thickness is 20-30 cm and the soiling thickness is 20-30 cm, the width ratio of the planting row to the soiling row is 1: (2-3); when the soil layer thickness is 30-40 cm and the soiling thickness is 10-20 cm, the width ratio of the planting row to the soiling row is 1: (1-2); The shading degree is adjusted according to the duration and intensity of light. When the duration of light is ≥8h / d and the light intensity is >40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 80-90%; when the duration of light is ≥8h / d and the light intensity is 20,000-40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 70-80%; when the duration of light is ≥8h / d and the light intensity is 8,000-20,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 50-70%; when the duration of light is ≥8h / d and the light intensity is <8,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to less than 50% or no shading; When the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is greater than 40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 75%-85%; when the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is 20,000-40,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 60%-75%; when the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is 8,000-20,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to 40%-60%; when the light duration is less than 8h / d and the light intensity is less than 8,000 LUX, the shading degree is adjusted to less than 40% or no shading; Lay waterproofing or water storage facilities according to the average annual rainfall and the slope of the site. If the average annual rainfall is greater than 1200mm, no waterproofing or water storage facilities are required on steep slopes greater than or equal to 45° and less than 60°, and plastic mesh should be laid on gentle slopes less than 45°. If the average annual rainfall is 800-1200mm, no waterproofing or water storage facilities are required on steep slopes, and plastic mesh should be laid on gentle slopes. If the average annual rainfall is less than 800mm, water storage membranes should be laid on steep slopes, and water storage membranes and plastic mesh should be laid on gentle slopes. According to the slope of the site and the average annual rainfall, the nutrient bags are sown in the direction of the excavated trenches; in steep slopes greater than or equal to 45° and less than 60°: when the average annual rainfall is greater than 1200mm, the trench depth is 15-20cm, the width is 40-50cm, the nutrient bags are embedded 5-10cm underground, and the nutrient bags are placed parallel to the slope; when the average annual rainfall is 800-1200mm, the trench depth is 10-15cm, the width is 20-30cm, or the trench depth is 15-20cm, the width is 40-50cm, the nutrient bags are embedded 15-20cm underground, and the nutrient bags are placed at 30°-60° to the slope; when the average annual rainfall is less than 800mm, the trench depth is 10-15cm, the width is 20-30cm, the nutrient bags are embedded 20-30cm underground, and the nutrient bags are placed at a greater than 60° angle to the slope; On gentle slopes with an angle of less than 45°: when the average annual rainfall is greater than 1200mm, the groove depth is 20-30cm, the width is 40-50cm, and the nutrient bags are placed on the ridge surface; when the average annual rainfall is 800-12000mm, the groove depth is 10-15cm, the width is 30-40cm, or the groove depth is 20-30cm, the width is 40-50cm, and the nutrients are embedded 10-15cm below the ridge surface; when the average annual rainfall is less than 800mm, the groove depth is 10-15cm, the width is 30-40cm, and the nutrient bags are embedded 15-25cm below the ridge surface.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The planting rows are provided with planting ridges, including setting the number of planting ridges and the number of furrows according to the width of the planting rows; the row spacing is set to: row spacing 10-20 cm, plant spacing 5-10 cm.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The nutrient bag is made of non-woven fabric, with dimensions of (35-45) cm in diameter × (35-45) cm in height; the soil loading capacity of the nutrient bag is 5-10 kg / bag; the pore diameter around the ring of the nutrient bag is 1.0-1.5 cm, the pore diameter at the bottom is 1.0-2.0 cm, and the bottom pores are distributed at intervals of 5-8 cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the size of the taro seeds, the ridge width, plant spacing and the number of rows of nutrient bags on each ridge are set in the soil-building row. When the taro seed weight is 10-20g, the plant spacing is (10-15) × (15-20) cm, the ridge width is 0.8-1.2m, and 4-6 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each ridge; when the taro seed weight is 20-50g, the plant spacing is (15-20) × (20-25) cm, the ridge width is 0.8-1.2m, and 3-4 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each ridge; when the taro seed weight is 50-100g, the plant spacing is (20-25) × (25-30) cm, the ridge width is 0.6-1.0m, and 2-3 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each ridge.

5. The planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ridge depth, width and direction of the planting ridges are set according to the average annual rainfall and the slope of the site.

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