Four-axis machine with uniform feeding mechanism

Abstract

The application provides a four-shaft machine with a uniform feeding mechanism, and relates to the technical field of crushers. The four-shaft machine comprises an upper feeding chamber and a crushing chamber arranged below the feeding chamber. The crushing chamber is provided with a crushing device. The feeding chamber comprises a feeding opening and a feeding opening for feeding the crushing device. An inclined slide is arranged on the inner wall of the feeding chamber. An inclined guide plate and a driving member for driving the inclined guide plate to slide are slidably connected in the inclined slide. The inclined slide has a slide outlet for the inclined guide plate to extend into the feeding chamber. The inclined guide plate can block the feeding opening in the sliding path. A fixed guide plate is arranged in the feeding chamber to guide the material in the feeding opening to the slide outlet. The cooperation of the fixed guide plate and the inclined slide can stably guide the material to the inclined guide plate. The size of the feeding opening is controlled by the stable sliding and back-off of the inclined guide plate, the effective adjustment of the feeding opening is realized, the feeding of different sizes of materials can be met, and the application range is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crusher technology, and in particular to a four-shaft crusher with a uniform feeding mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In actual production, the quality of the crushed product is greatly affected by the amount of feed. Due to the influence of the preceding processes, it is impossible to guarantee uniform feeding.

[0003] Existing crushers often use a single feeding roller at the feed inlet to achieve quantitative feeding. Adding a single feeding roller at the feed inlet of the crusher reduces the size of the feed inlet. The amount of material fed is controlled by the feeding roller picking up a fixed amount of material into the shredding chamber. However, the allowable feed size of the feeding roller is fixed and cannot be adjusted. It can only be used for a single material.

[0004] Patent document CN102989547A discloses a three-roll crusher, including a fixed fast roll and a slow roll with an adjustable distance. A feeding roller is provided at the feed inlet above the fast and slow rolls. The feeding speed is controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the feeding roller by a frequency converter, which can ensure the uniformity of feeding. However, the size of the feed inlet in this patent is still not adjustable. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By cooperating with the fixed guide plate and the inclined slide, the material can be stably guided to the inclined guide plate. The size of the feed inlet can be controlled by the stable sliding out and back of the inclined guide plate, so as to achieve effective adjustment of the feed inlet. It can meet the feeding of materials of different sizes and has a wide range of applications.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism, comprising a feeding chamber and a crushing chamber arranged vertically. The crushing chamber is equipped with a crushing device. The feeding chamber includes a feeding port and a feed inlet for feeding material to the crushing device. An inclined slide is provided on the inner wall of the feeding chamber. An inclined guide plate and a driving member for driving the inclined guide plate to slide are slidably connected in the inclined slide. The inclined slide has a slide outlet for the inclined guide plate to extend into the feeding chamber. The inclined guide plate can block the feed inlet on its sliding path. A fixed guide plate is provided in the feeding chamber for guiding the material from the feeding port to the slide outlet.

[0007] Preferably, a pusher box that can extend out of the slide rail is slidably connected inside the inclined slide rail. The pusher box is located above the inclined guide plate, and the sliding path of the pusher box is parallel to the sliding path of the inclined guide plate. The pusher box is provided with a pushing part for pushing the material on the inclined guide plate.

[0008] Preferably, the inclined slide includes a fixed box, in which a first telescopic body and a second telescopic body are fixedly disposed. The movable end of the first telescopic body is connected to the inclined guide plate, and the movable end of the second telescopic body is connected to the pusher box.

[0009] Preferably, a lower limit travel switch corresponding to the farthest extension position of the push box is provided on the inclined guide plate, and a sensor cooperating with the lower limit travel switch is provided on the push box.

[0010] Preferably, an upper limit proximity switch is provided in the inclined slide, and the upper limit proximity switch cooperates with the sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the crushing device includes a plurality of cooperating cutter shafts, and the sliding path of the inclined guide plate coincides with the cutter shafts that are away from the inclined slide.

[0012] Preferably, a rolling guide rail is provided inside the fixed box, and the pusher box is slidably connected to the rolling guide rail.

[0013] Preferably, a sliding guide rail parallel to the rolling guide rail is provided inside the fixed box, and the inclined guide plate is slidably connected to the sliding guide rail.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the pusher box is provided with a sliding groove, and the top of the inclined guide plate is provided with a sliding protrusion for cooperating with the sliding groove, the sliding protrusion being embedded in the sliding groove.

[0015] Preferably, the pushing part of the pusher box is provided with serrations for pushing the material.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0017] By extending or retracting the inclined guide plate, the amount of obstruction to the feed inlet can be adjusted, causing the feed inlet to decrease or increase. Material flows from the feed inlet to the fixed guide plate, which then guides the material to the inclined guide plate at the chute outlet. The material then flows to the lowest point of the inclined guide plate, slides out of the feed inlet, and flows onto the crushing device for crushing. This invention can stably guide material onto the inclined guide plate through the cooperation of the fixed guide plate and the inclined chute. The size of the feed inlet is controlled by the stable extension and retraction of the inclined guide plate, achieving effective adjustment of the feed inlet and accommodating materials of different sizes, thus having a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the A-direction structure;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section I in the middle.

[0022] in,

[0023] 1. Inclined guide plate; 11. Hydraulic cylinder A; 12. Inclined guide plate guide rail; 13. Sliding guide rail; 14. Sliding protrusion;

[0024] 2. Push box; 21. Hydraulic cylinder B; 22. Roller; 23. Rolling guide rail; 24. Sawtooth;

[0025] 3. Fixed guide plate; 4. Lower limit limit switch; 5. Upper limit proximity switch;

[0026] 61. Tool shaft I; 62. Tool shaft II; 63. Tool shaft III; 64. Tool shaft IV;

[0027] 7. Feed hopper; 8. Fixed box. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a four-axis crusher with a uniform feeding mechanism. The crusher includes a feeding chamber and a crushing chamber arranged vertically. A crushing device is installed in the crushing chamber. The feeding chamber includes a feeding port and a feed inlet. The feeding port is directly connected to an external material conveying device and feeds material to the crushing device below through the feed inlet. An inclined slide is provided on the inner wall of the feeding chamber. A driving component is provided in the inclined slide, and an inclined guide plate 1 is slidably connected in the inclined slide. The driving component drives the inclined guide plate 1 to slide along the inclined slide. A slide outlet is provided on the inclined slide. The inclined guide plate 1 slides out from the slide outlet and extends into the feeding chamber. After the inclined guide plate 1 slides out from the slide outlet, it can block the feed inlet of the feeding chamber on its sliding path. In addition, a fixed guide plate 3 is also provided in the feeding chamber to guide the material at the feed inlet to the slide outlet.

[0031] Working Principle: The inclined guide plate 1 slides out along the inclined slide rail, blocking the feed inlet of the feed chamber. By extending or retracting the inclined guide plate 1, the amount of obstruction to the feed inlet is adjusted, causing the feed inlet to decrease or increase. An external conveying device supplies material to the feed inlet. The material flows from the feed inlet to the fixed guide plate 3, which guides the material to the inclined guide plate 1 at the slide rail outlet. The material moves on the inclined guide plate 1 until it reaches its lowest point, then slides out of the feed inlet and flows to the crushing device for crushing. This invention can stably guide material to the inclined guide plate 1 through the cooperation of the fixed guide plate 3 and the inclined slide rail. The size of the feed inlet is controlled by the sliding and retraction of the inclined guide plate 1, allowing for adjustment of the feed inlet size and accommodating materials of different sizes, thus having a wide range of applications.

[0032] In one embodiment, a pusher box 2 is slidably connected within an inclined slide. The pusher box 2 extends out of the slide outlet and is positioned above the inclined guide plate 1. The sliding path of the pusher box 2 is parallel to the sliding path of the inclined guide plate 1. The pusher box 2 is provided with a pushing part, which pushes the material on the inclined guide plate 1. Through the reciprocating motion of the pusher box 2, all the material on the inclined guide plate 1 is ensured to slide off. There may be a 1mm gap between the pusher box 2 and the inclined guide plate 1.

[0033] In traditional feed roller designs, the size of the feed roller is fixed and cannot adapt to changes in the feed inlet size. In contrast, the feed roller design can accommodate changes in the feed inlet size.

[0034] When the crushing device is overloaded (e.g., the cutter shaft current exceeds the set value and reaches the set time, causing the cutter shaft to reverse), or when there is too much material or hard objects in the crushing device, the cutter shaft of the crushing device will first undergo several forward and reverse rotations. When forward and reverse rotations cannot effectively crush the material, the sliding speed of the pusher box 2 will be slowed down or the pusher box 2 will be directly controlled to stop pushing material. After the cutter shaft current returns to its high level, the pusher box 2 will operate normally. At the same time, the inclined guide plate 1 can be controlled to extend further to reduce the feed opening, prevent the cutter shaft from reversing, and improve the shredding efficiency. The crushing device is connected to the PLC control system. The maximum number of reverse rotations of the cutter shaft is preset in the PLC control system. If the crushing device continues to reverse frequently after the pusher box 2 stops pushing material, and the material cannot be crushed by the crushing device body alone, the PLC will stop the machine and sound an alarm after reaching the set number of reverse rotations. Afterwards, the hard objects can be manually removed to clear the alarm.

[0035] This invention reduces the overload and reverse rotation of the shredder by controlling the opening and closing degree of the inclined guide plate 1 and the operation and stopping of the push box 2 by PLC according to the current of the shredder cutter shaft (cutter shaft), thereby greatly improving the shredding efficiency of materials.

[0036] In this embodiment, the inclined slide includes a fixed box 8 with an opening. The opening of the fixed box 8 is the slide outlet of the inclined slide. The fixed box 8 is directly installed on the side wall of the feeding chamber. A first telescopic body and a second telescopic body are fixedly installed inside the fixed box 8. The first telescopic body is located below the second telescopic body. The movable end of the first telescopic body is connected to the inclined guide plate 1, and the movable end of the second telescopic body is connected to the push box 2. The extension path of the first telescopic body is parallel to the extension path of the second telescopic body.

[0037] The first and second telescopic bodies can be hydraulic cylinders or telescopic rods. When the first and second telescopic bodies are hydraulic cylinder A11 and hydraulic cylinder B21 respectively, both hydraulic cylinder A11 and hydraulic cylinder B21 are driven by a hydraulic station. The hydraulic station is connected to a PLC control system, which can control the solenoid valve of the hydraulic station to switch directions, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinders A11 and B21.

[0038] An opening is provided on the pusher box 2. When the pusher box 2 retracts, it can be fitted onto the outside of the second telescopic body (e.g., hydraulic cylinder B21). Specifically, when the pusher box 2 is at its minimum extension, it can be fitted onto 2 / 3 of the length of the second telescopic body. Similarly, the inclined guide plate 1 can have a receiving groove. When the inclined guide plate 1 retracts, it can be fitted onto the outside of the first telescopic body (e.g., hydraulic cylinder A11), thus minimizing the space occupied by the overall device.

[0039] In this embodiment, a lower limit limit switch 4 is installed on the inclined guide plate 1. The lower limit limit switch 4 corresponds to the farthest extension position of the push box 2. A sensor is installed on the push box 2, and the sensor cooperates with the lower limit limit switch 4. The lower limit limit switch 4 is connected to the PLC control system. When the push box 2 slides out, it pushes out the material on the inclined guide plate 1. When the lower limit limit switch 4 detects the sensor on the push box 2, the lower limit limit switch 4 sends a signal to the PLC control system, controlling the push box 2 to stop extending, causing the hydraulic station solenoid valve to switch direction, the oil cylinder B21 to retract, and the push box 2 to retract.

[0040] In this embodiment, an upper limit proximity switch 5 is set in the inclined slide. The upper limit proximity switch 5 is preferably set in the fixed box 8 in the inclined slide. The upper limit proximity switch 5 corresponds to the minimum extension of the push box 2 and cooperates with the sensor on the push box 2. The upper limit proximity switch 5 is also connected to the PLC control system. When the push box 2 moves upward, it triggers the upper limit proximity switch 5 installed on the bucket body. The upper limit proximity switch 5 sends a signal to the PLC control system. The PLC control system controls the solenoid valve of the hydraulic station to switch direction, and the oil cylinder B21 extends to realize the reciprocating motion function of the push box 2, which can repeatedly push material above the inclined guide plate 1.

[0041] When the inclined guide plate 1 moves backward, the lower limit of the push box 2 also moves backward, and the stroke of the push box 2 will change synchronously according to the position of the inclined guide plate 1.

[0042] In one embodiment, the crushing device includes multiple cooperating cutter shafts (e.g., four cutter shafts). The sliding path of the inclined guide plate 1 can coincide with the cutter shafts away from the inclined slide. In this way, when the inclined guide plate 1 slides to the farthest position, the minimum feed opening can be reached, and the feed opening is aligned with the cutter shaft, ensuring that the material discharged from the feed opening can effectively enter the cutter shaft and be crushed by the cutter shaft.

[0043] When four cutter shafts are set, the four cutter shafts are arranged in order of distance from the inclined slide: cutter shaft I61, cutter shaft II62, cutter shaft II63, and cutter shaft IV64. All cutter shafts are fixed inside the cutter shaft housing. A feed hopper 7 is installed above the cutter shaft housing. The sliding path of the inclined guide plate 1 coincides with that of cutter shaft I61. Material enters the feed hopper 7, and the pusher box 2 reciprocates, pushing the material towards cutter shaft I61. Cutter shaft I61 then carries the material towards cutter shaft II62. Cutter shafts I62 and II63 perform the shredding operation, while cutter shaft IV64 provides auxiliary material feeding. Hydraulic cylinders A11 and B are both driven by a hydraulic station, and the retraction and forward movement times of cylinders A11 and B are controlled by a PLC control system, making the number of feeds controllable. During operation, the PLC monitors the cutter shaft current. If the cutter shaft current is less than the set value and the set time has been reached, it indicates that the load is small and the amount of material being shredded is small. The PLC controls the hydraulic cylinder A11 to retract, causing the inclined guide plate 1 to retract and increase the feed opening.

[0044] The size of the feed inlet can be adjusted according to the material characteristics and load conditions. The feeding speed can be controlled by the frequency conversion of the cutter shaft I 61, or by adjusting the pushing speed of the pusher box 2. Whether it is continuous feeding or staged large-scale feeding, uniform feeding can be achieved through the uniform feeding device, which greatly improves the crushing efficiency of the shredder and is applicable to a wide range of materials.

[0045] In this invention, the pusher box 2 and the inclined guide plate 1 can both move upwards, and the pusher plate and the inclined guide plate 1 can be completely embedded inside the fixed box 8. At this time, the feed inlet of the crusher is formed by the inner wall of the feed hopper 7, the outer end face of the pusher box 2, and the outer end face of the inclined guide plate. The inclined guide plate 1 will not block the feed inlet, and the crushing device is unobstructed, which can crush large-sized materials.

[0046] In one embodiment, a rolling guide rail 23 is provided inside the fixed box 8, and the pusher box 2 is slidably connected to the rolling guide rail 23. Specifically, a roller 22 is provided on the pusher box 2, and the roller 22 is slidably connected to the rolling guide rail 23.

[0047] In this embodiment, a sliding guide rail 13 is provided inside the fixed box 8. The sliding guide rail 13 is arranged parallel to the rolling guide rail 23. The inclined guide plate 1 is slidably connected to the sliding guide rail 13. Specifically, the inclined guide plate 12 or the roller 22 can be slidably connected to the sliding guide rail 13.

[0048] In one embodiment, a sliding groove is provided at the bottom of the pusher box 2, and a sliding protrusion 14 is provided at the top of the inclined guide plate 1. The sliding protrusion 14 cooperates with the sliding groove and can be embedded in the sliding groove. Through the cooperation of the sliding protrusion 14 and the sliding groove, the relative lateral position of the pusher box 2 and the inclined guide plate 1 is effectively fixed, so that the pusher box 2 and the inclined guide plate 1 can slide stably along the predetermined route.

[0049] In one embodiment, a saw tooth 24 is provided on the pushing part of the push box 2, and the material on the inclined guide plate 1 is pushed by the saw tooth 24.

[0050] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0051] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism, characterized in that, It includes a feeding chamber and a crushing chamber arranged vertically. The crushing chamber is equipped with a crushing device. The feeding chamber includes a feeding port and a feed inlet for feeding material to the crushing device. An inclined slide is provided on the inner wall of the feeding chamber. An inclined guide plate (1) and a driving member for driving the inclined guide plate (1) to slide are slidably connected in the inclined slide. The inclined slide has a slide outlet for the inclined guide plate (1) to extend into the feeding chamber. The inclined guide plate (1) can block the feed inlet on its sliding path. A fixed guide plate (3) is provided in the feeding chamber for guiding the material from the feeding port to the slide outlet. The inclined slide is slidably connected to a pusher box (2) that can extend out of the slide outlet. The pusher box (2) is located above the inclined guide plate (1). The sliding path of the pusher box (2) is parallel to the sliding path of the inclined guide plate (1). The pusher box (2) is provided with a pusher for pushing the material on the inclined guide plate (1). The inclined slide includes a fixed box, in which a first telescopic body and a second telescopic body are fixedly installed. The movable end of the first telescopic body is connected to the inclined guide plate (1), and the movable end of the second telescopic body is connected to the push box (2). A lower limit travel switch (4) corresponding to the farthest extension position of the push box (2) is provided on the inclined guide plate (1); An upper limit proximity switch (5) is installed in the inclined slide; The pusher of the pusher box (2) is provided with serrations (24) for pushing materials. The cutter shafts are set to four, and the four cutter shafts are arranged in order from farthest to near the inclined slide: cutter shaft I (61), cutter shaft II (62), cutter shaft III (63), and cutter shaft IV (64). The cutter shafts are all fixed in the cutter shaft box. A feed hopper (7) is set above the cutter shaft box. The material enters the feed hopper (7), and the pusher box (2) reciprocates to push the material toward cutter shaft I (61). Cutter shaft I (61) carries the material toward cutter shaft II (62). Cutter shaft II (62) and cutter shaft III (63) perform shredding operations, and cutter shaft IV (64) performs auxiliary material feeding function. The cutting shaft I (61) and the cutting shaft II (62) rotate in the same direction, the cutting shaft III (63) and the cutting shaft IV (64) rotate in the same direction, and the cutting shaft III (63) and the cutting shaft IV (64) rotate in the opposite direction to the cutting shaft I (61) and the cutting shaft II (62).

2. The four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pusher box (2) is equipped with a sensor that works in conjunction with the lower limit travel switch (4).

3. The four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper limit proximity switch (5) works in conjunction with the sensor.

4. The four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing device includes multiple cooperating cutter shafts, and the sliding path of the inclined guide plate (1) coincides with the cutter shafts that are away from the inclined slide.

5. The four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed box is provided with a rolling guide rail (23), and the pusher box (2) is slidably connected to the rolling guide rail (23).

6. The four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, A sliding guide rail (13) parallel to the rolling guide rail (23) is provided inside the fixed box, and the inclined guide plate (1) is slidably connected to the sliding guide rail (13).

7. The four-axis machine with a uniform feeding mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the pusher box (2) is provided with a sliding groove, and the top of the inclined guide plate (1) is provided with a sliding protrusion for cooperating with the sliding groove, and the sliding protrusion is embedded in the sliding groove.

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