Cogeneration of waste heat and compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak shaving power generation system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a waste heat power generation coupling compression carbon dioxide energy storage peak regulation power generation system and relates to the technical field of new energy power generation.The system comprises a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem and a waste heat power generation subsystem.The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem comprises a first generator and a gas storage, an energy storage assembly, an energy storage container and an energy release assembly connected in sequence.The waste heat power generation subsystem comprises a second generator and a waste heat boiler and a second expander connected in sequence.The waste heat power generation coupling compression carbon dioxide energy storage peak regulation power generation system has an energy storage operation mode and an energy release operation mode.The system can be coupled with the waste heat power generation subsystem and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, and the first clutch and the second clutch can be used to switch the energy storage operation mode and the energy release operation mode, so that the system can supply power during the production peak period and effectively reduce the operation cost increase caused by the time-of-use electricity price mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy power generation technology, and in particular to a waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage and peak-shaving power generation system and method. Background Art

[0002] The cement industry is a key foundational sector in my country's national economy, and it is also energy- and resource-intensive, with high energy consumption and carbon emissions. To address electricity costs and meet the dual carbon goals, and to promote the cement industry's clean energy transition and the development of low- and zero-carbon cement, cement manufacturers are using renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, combined with waste heat power generation to power their production processes. However, waste heat power generation has a low utilization rate, and renewable energy generation is intermittent, volatile, and random, making it unable to meet the cement industry's 24 / 7 production needs.

[0003] Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage is a new, highly efficient, low-cost, and pollution-free physical energy storage technology. It can leverage time-of-use electricity pricing to reduce electricity costs for the cement industry. This involves using off-peak electricity to power the energy storage system, which is then discharged during peak hours. However, as the scale of compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems expands, the amount of electricity consumed during storage increases significantly, leading to a rapid increase in operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage and peak-shaving power generation system and method to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

[0005] Waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system, including a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem and a waste heat power generation subsystem;

[0006] The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem includes a first generator and a gas storage reservoir, an energy storage component, an energy storage container, and an energy release component connected in sequence;

[0007] The gas storage reservoir stores atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide. The energy storage assembly is used to compress the atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide delivered from the gas storage reservoir into high-pressure carbon dioxide and liquefy it into liquid carbon dioxide for storage in the energy storage container. The energy release assembly is used to release the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container and heat it into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, thereby driving the input shaft of the first generator to generate electricity.

[0008] The waste heat power generation subsystem includes a second generator and a waste heat boiler and a second expander connected in sequence. The steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the second expander. The waste heat boiler is used to use waste heat medium to heat water to heat it into high-temperature and high-pressure steam. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters the second expander to expand and perform work, thereby driving the rotating shaft of the second generator to generate electricity. The second expander can also provide driving force for the energy storage component.

[0009] The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system has an energy storage operation mode and an energy release operation mode;

[0010] In the energy storage operation mode, the second expander provides driving force to the energy storage assembly but does not provide driving force to the second generator;

[0011] In the energy release operation mode, the second expander provides driving force to the second generator, does not provide driving force to the energy storage component, and the energy release component drives the first generator, so that the first generator and the second generator simultaneously supply power to the plant;

[0012] Preferably, the energy storage component includes a compressor and an energy storage heat exchanger, the compressor is used to compress atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, and the energy storage heat exchanger is used to cool and liquefy the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

[0013] Preferably, the energy release component includes an energy release heat exchanger assembly and a first expander. The outlet of the energy storage container is connected to the working fluid inlet of the energy release heat exchanger assembly, and the working fluid outlet of the energy release heat exchanger assembly is connected to the first expander. The energy release heat exchanger assembly is used to heat the high-pressure carbon dioxide output from the energy storage container using waste heat medium to heat up the temperature and then input it into the first expander to expand and perform work to drive the first generator to generate electricity.

[0014] Preferably, a second clutch is provided between one end of the output shaft of the second expander and the input shaft of the second generator, and the other end of the output shaft is connected to the main shaft of the compressor through the first clutch for driving the compressor.

[0015] Preferably, it further comprises a waste heat medium supply component, wherein the waste heat medium supply component is connected to the heat exchange medium channel of the waste heat boiler and the energy release component to provide waste heat medium to the energy release component and the waste heat boiler;

[0016] The energy-releasing heat exchanger assembly includes energy-releasing heat exchanger 1 and energy-releasing heat exchanger 2, which are sequentially connected between the energy storage container and the first expander. The heat exchange medium inlet of the energy-releasing heat exchanger 1 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the waste heat boiler; the medium inlet of the energy-releasing heat exchanger 2 is directly connected to the waste heat medium providing component. The energy-releasing heat exchanger 1 is used to use the medium-temperature waste heat medium output by the waste heat boiler to heat the high-pressure carbon dioxide to a first high temperature, and the energy-releasing heat exchanger 2 is used to use the high-temperature waste heat medium output by the waste heat medium providing component to heat the first high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide to a second high temperature.

[0017] Preferably, the waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system also has a combined power generation operation mode;

[0018] In the combined power generation operation mode, the second clutch enables the second expander to engage with the second generator, and the first clutch enables the second expander to engage with the compressor. The combined power generation operation mode includes a first stage and a second stage.

[0019] In the first stage, the second expander drives the compressor and the second generator simultaneously, so that the compressor compresses atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high-pressure carbon dioxide, which is then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide through the energy storage heat exchanger and stored in the energy storage container; the second generator supplies power to the plant;

[0020] In the second stage, a connecting pipeline is set between the working fluid outlet of the compressor and the working fluid inlet of the first expander. The compressor compresses the atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high-pressure carbon dioxide and then directly transmits it to the first expander through the connecting pipeline. The first expander uses the high-pressure carbon dioxide transmitted by the compressor and the energy storage container to expand and perform work to drive the first generator to generate electricity and supply power to the factory. The second generator also supplies power to the factory synchronously.

[0021] A method for peak-shaving power generation based on waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system, comprising:

[0022] During periods of low electricity consumption or new energy boom, the second expander engages with the compressor to provide driving force, driving the compressor to compress atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide output from the gas storage reservoir to obtain high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, and then store the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container;

[0023] During peak electricity consumption, the second expander drives the second generator to generate electricity. The energy release component uses the high-pressure carbon dioxide delivered from the energy storage container to expand and perform work, driving the first generator to generate electricity. The first generator generates electricity and the second generator supplies power to the factory at the same time.

[0024] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0025] The present invention can be coupled by a waste heat power generation subsystem and a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, and the switching between the energy storage operation mode and the energy release operation mode can be achieved through the first clutch and the second clutch. In the energy storage operation mode, the second expander can be used to provide power for the compressor, so that the carbon dioxide is compressed during the energy storage stage. The energy storage subsystem does not need to use the electricity provided by the power grid, which can reduce the power consumption of the power grid when the energy storage component is working, that is, reduce the operating cost of the energy storage stage. In the energy release mode, the first generator can generate electricity through the energy release component, and the second generator can generate electricity through the waste heat power generation subsystem. The electricity generated by the first generator, the second generator, and the second generator can be used for production operations in the factory area, and can provide power for peak production periods, which can effectively reduce the increase in operating costs caused by the time-of-use electricity price mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 1;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 2;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 3;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 4.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 10. Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem; 11. Gas storage reservoir; 12. Energy storage component; 121. Compressor; 122. Energy storage heat exchanger; 13. Energy storage container;

[0032] 14. Energy release assembly; 141. Energy release heat exchanger assembly; 1411. Energy release heat exchanger 1; 1412. Energy release heat exchanger 2; 142. First expander;

[0033] 15. First generator; 16. First clutch; 17. Connecting pipes;

[0034] 20. Waste heat generation subsystem; 21. Waste heat boiler; 22. Second expander; 23. Second generator; 24. Second clutch; 25. Condenser; 26. Condensate pump; 27. Water tank; 28. Feed water pump; 30. Waste heat medium supply component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the solid arrows represent the flow direction of the feed water in the waste heat power generation subsystem, the dotted arrows represent the flow direction of the carbon dioxide in the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, and the dotted arrows represent the flow direction of the waste heat medium.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system includes a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 10 and a waste heat power generation subsystem 20;

[0039] The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 10 includes a first generator 15 and a gas storage reservoir 11, an energy storage component 12, an energy storage container 13, and an energy release component 14 connected in sequence;

[0040] The gas storage reservoir 11 stores atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide, where "atmospheric pressure" specifically means that the pressure difference between the gas storage reservoir 11 and the outside atmosphere is less than 1000 Pa. The energy storage assembly 12 is used to compress the atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide delivered from the gas storage reservoir 11 into high-pressure carbon dioxide and liquefy it into liquid carbon dioxide for storage in the energy storage container 13. The energy release assembly 14 is used to release the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 13 and heat it to high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, thereby driving the input shaft of the first generator 15 to generate electricity.

[0041] The waste heat power generation subsystem 20 includes a second generator 23 and a waste heat boiler 21 and a second expander 22 connected in sequence. The steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 21 is connected to the steam inlet of the second expander 22. The waste heat boiler 21 is used to use waste heat medium to heat water to heat it into high-temperature and high-pressure steam. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters the second expander 22 to expand and perform work, thereby driving the rotating shaft of the second generator 23 to generate electricity. The second expander 22 can also provide driving force for the energy storage component 12.

[0042] The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system has an energy storage operation mode and an energy release operation mode;

[0043] In the energy storage operation mode, the second expander 22 provides driving force to the energy storage component 12, but does not provide driving force to the second generator 23; because the energy storage stage does not require the use of electricity provided by the power grid, the power consumption of the energy storage component 12 when working can be reduced, that is, the operating cost of the energy storage stage is reduced.

[0044] In the energy release operation mode, the second expander 22 provides driving force to the second generator 23, does not provide driving force to the energy storage component 12, and the energy release component 14 drives the first generator 15, so that the first generator 15 and the second generator 23 supply power to the factory at the same time; power supply can be provided during peak production periods, which can effectively reduce the increase in operating costs caused by the time-of-use electricity price mechanism.

[0045] In this embodiment, the energy storage component 12 includes a compressor 121 and an energy storage heat exchanger 122. The compressor 121 is used to compress atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, and the energy storage heat exchanger 122 is used to cool and liquefy the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

[0046] In this embodiment, the energy release component 14 includes an energy release heat exchanger assembly 141 and a first expander 142. The outlet of the energy storage container 13 is connected to the working fluid inlet of the energy release heat exchanger assembly 141, and the working fluid outlet of the energy release heat exchanger assembly 141 is connected to the first expander 142. The energy release heat exchanger assembly 141 is used to heat the high-pressure carbon dioxide output by the energy storage container 13 using waste heat medium to heat up the temperature and then input it into the first expander 142 to expand and perform work to drive the first generator 15 to generate electricity.

[0047] In this embodiment, the waste heat power generation subsystem 20 also includes a condenser 25 and a condensate pump 26, a water tank 27 and a feed water pump 28 which are connected in sequence to the steam outlet of the second expander 22. The condenser 25 is used to condense and liquefy the normal temperature steam discharged from the second expander 22 after work is completed into liquid, and transport it to the water tank 27 for storage via the condensate pump 26. The outlet of the feed water pump 28 is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat boiler 21, and is used to re-send the water in the water tank 27 into the waste heat boiler 21, so as to realize the circulation conversion of the feed water in the waste heat power generation subsystem 20, thereby providing power for the compressor 121.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment, based on Example 1, further includes a second clutch 24 provided between one end of the output shaft of the second expander 22 and the input shaft of the second generator 23, and the other end of the output shaft is connected to the main shaft of the compressor 121 via the first clutch 16, for driving the compressor 121. The first clutch 16 and the second clutch 24 can selectively drive the second generator 23 or the compressor 121 to operate.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, this embodiment, based on the embodiment 2, further includes providing a connecting pipeline 17 between the working medium outlet of the compressor 121 and the working medium inlet of the first expander 142;

[0052] The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system also has a combined power generation operation mode;

[0053] In the combined power generation operation mode, the second clutch 24 enables the second expander 22 to engage with the second generator 23, and the first clutch 16 enables the second expander 22 to engage with the compressor 121. The combined power generation operation mode includes a first stage and a second stage.

[0054] In the first stage, the second expander 22 drives the compressor 121 and the second generator 23 simultaneously, so that the compressor 121 compresses atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high-pressure carbon dioxide, which is then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide through the energy storage heat exchanger 122 and stored in the energy storage container 13; the second generator 23 supplies power to the plant.

[0055] In the second stage, the compressor 121 compresses atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high-pressure carbon dioxide and then directly transmits it to the first expander 142 through the connecting pipeline 17. The first expander 142 uses the high-pressure carbon dioxide transmitted by the compressor 121 and the energy storage container 13 to expand and perform work to drive the first generator 15 to generate electricity and supply power to the factory. The second generator 23 also supplies power to the factory synchronously.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment, based on embodiment 3, further includes a waste heat medium providing component 30, which is connected to the heat exchange medium channel of the waste heat boiler 21 and the energy release component 14 to provide waste heat medium to the energy release component 14 and the waste heat boiler 21; the waste heat medium can be industrial waste heat flue gas from a cement plant, etc.

[0058] The energy-releasing heat exchanger assembly 141 includes an energy-releasing heat exchanger 1411 and an energy-releasing heat exchanger 1412, which are sequentially connected between the energy storage container 13 and the first expander 142. The heat exchange medium inlet of the energy-releasing heat exchanger 1411 is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the waste heat boiler 21; the medium inlet of the energy-releasing heat exchanger 1412 is directly connected to the waste heat medium supply component 30.

[0059] Since the waste heat medium output by the waste heat medium supply component 30 is cooled after heat exchange in the waste heat boiler 21, but the temperature is still relatively high at this time, the high-pressure carbon dioxide is heated to a first high temperature by using this portion of the medium-temperature waste heat medium through the energy-releasing heat exchanger 1411;

[0060] Since the waste heat medium output by the waste heat medium providing component 30 has a higher temperature, the high-temperature waste heat medium is used by the second energy-releasing heat exchanger 1412 to heat the first high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide to a second high temperature.

[0061] In this embodiment, by dividing the waste heat medium provided by the waste heat medium providing component 30 into two sections according to different temperatures to provide heat for the two-stage energy release heat exchanger assembly 141, full utilization of the waste heat medium energy and higher heat exchange efficiency can be achieved, thereby improving energy storage efficiency.

[0062] Working process and principle:

[0063] Both the first expander 142 and the second expander 22 expand through the nozzle of the steam turbine inside them. During expansion, the pressure of the steam decreases, the flow rate increases, and the thermal energy of the steam is converted into kinetic energy. At the same time, the steam is ejected onto the blades at a very high flow rate to drive the impeller to rotate, so that the kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy.

[0064] The waste heat boiler 21 utilizes high-temperature industrial waste heat flue gas (e.g., 350-1000°C) to generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam through contactless heat exchange with feed water. The temperature and pressure of the high-temperature, high-pressure steam are specifically 280-340°C and 0.69-1.27 MPa. This high-temperature, high-pressure steam enters the second expander 22, which uses it to generate mechanical energy. This energy is then used to selectively drive the second generator 23 or the compressor 121 through the first clutch 16 and the second clutch 24. The compressor 121 compresses atmospheric-pressure carbon dioxide into high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide. The energy storage heat exchanger 122 then cools the high-pressure, high-pressure carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, which is then stored in the energy storage vessel 13.

[0065] When the first generator 15 is required to generate electricity, the energy-releasing heat exchanger assembly 141 is used to release the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 13 and heat it to high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, so that the first expander 142 drives the first generator 15 to generate electricity.

[0066] The method of utilizing waste heat power generation coupled with a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system for peak-shaving power generation is as follows:

[0067] During the low power consumption period of the power grid or the new energy boom period:

[0068] If the energy of the high-temperature, high-pressure steam output by the waste heat boiler 21 is small, electricity from the grid or renewable energy sources (such as solar energy) is used to power the plant. The excess electricity generated by renewable energy sources can also drive the compressor 121 to compress the atmospheric-pressure carbon dioxide output from the gas storage reservoir 11 into high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, which is then stored in the energy storage container 13 to achieve energy storage. The second expander 22 is used to generate electricity for the second generator 23.

[0069] If the high-temperature, high-pressure steam output by waste heat boiler 21 is sufficient, second expander 22 engages compressor 121, providing driving force for compressor 121 to store high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in energy storage vessel 13, achieving energy storage. Second expander 22 can also simultaneously drive second generator 23 to provide power to the plant.

[0070] During peak power consumption periods:

[0071] If the energy of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam output by the waste heat boiler 21 is small, the second expander 22 is used to drive only the second generator 23 to increase the output power of the second generator 23;

[0072] The energy-releasing heat exchanger assembly 141 converts the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 13 into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, and transports it to the first expander 142, so that the first expander 142 drives the first generator 15 to generate electricity. At this point, the first generator 15 and the second generator 23 are used to supply power to the factory. During the peak period of power consumption in the power grid, the electricity price is high and the power consumption is large. At this time, the waste heat power generation subsystem 20 and the compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 10 are used to centrally supply power to production, which can greatly reduce electricity costs and thus reduce production costs.

[0073] When the energy of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam output by the waste heat boiler 21 is sufficient, the second expander 22 is used to drive the second generator 23 to generate electricity. If the power generated by the second generator 23 exceeds the electricity consumption of the plant, the second expander 22 is used at the same time to drive the compressor 121 to store the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container 13 to achieve energy storage.

[0074] Since the power generation of the second generator 23 is limited, when the power generation of the second generator 23 is insufficient to supply power to the plant, but the high-temperature and high-pressure steam output by the waste heat boiler 21 is excessive, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas output by the compressor 121 may not be stored, but may be directly transported to the second expander 22. The second expander 22 will also synchronously receive the high-temperature and high-pressure gas from the energy storage container 13 after pressure release and temperature increase, and use it to drive the first generator 15 to generate power synchronously. The first generator 15 and the second generator 23 are used to supply power to the plant at the same time to make up for the problem of insufficient power generation by the second generator 23.

[0075] To sum up, the first clutch 16 and the second clutch 24 can be used to switch between different working modes. During the off-peak period, the factory area can be powered by the power grid, and the electricity bill is lower; or during the period of large-scale new energy power generation, the factory area can be powered by the new energy system, which can save electricity bills. At this time, the first stage of the energy storage operation mode or the combined power generation mode is carried out. The energy storage component 12 does not need to be powered by the power grid, which can reduce the power consumption of the energy storage component 12. The stored energy can be used in the second stage of the energy release operation mode or the combined power generation operation mode during the peak period. The energy release component 14 is used to realize the first generator 15 to generate electricity for the factory area. At this time, there is no need to use the power of the power grid, which can cooperate with the 24-hour production mechanism of the cement plant to greatly reduce the electricity cost.

[0076] It is understood from common technical knowledge that the present invention may be implemented by other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential features. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed above are, in all respects, merely illustrative and not exclusive. All modifications within the scope of the present invention or equivalent to the scope of the present invention are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.

Claims

1. Waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system, characterized by: It includes a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem (10) and a waste heat power generation subsystem (20); The compressed carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem (10) comprises a first generator (15) and a gas storage reservoir (11), an energy storage component (12), an energy storage container (13), and an energy release component (14) connected in sequence, wherein the energy storage component (12) comprises a compressor (121) and an energy storage heat exchanger (122); Normal-pressure carbon dioxide is stored in the gas storage reservoir (11), the energy storage component (12) is used to compress the normal-pressure carbon dioxide sent from the gas storage reservoir (11) into high-pressure carbon dioxide and liquefy the carbon dioxide into liquid form and store it in the energy storage container (13), and the energy release component (14) is used to release the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container (13) and heat it into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, thereby driving the input shaft of the first generator (15) to generate electricity; The waste heat power generation subsystem (20) includes a second generator (23) and a waste heat boiler (21) and a second expander (22) connected in sequence. The steam outlet of the waste heat boiler (21) is connected to the steam inlet of the second expander (22). The waste heat boiler (21) is used to heat water with waste heat medium to heat it into high-temperature and high-pressure steam. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters the second expander (22) to expand and perform work, thereby driving the rotating shaft of the second generator (23) to generate electricity. The second expander (22) can also provide driving force for the energy storage component (12). The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system has an energy storage operation mode and an energy release operation mode; In the energy storage operation mode, the second expander (22) provides driving force to the energy storage component (12); In the energy release operation mode, the second expander (22) provides driving force to the second generator (23) and does not provide driving force to the energy storage component (12), and the energy release component (14) drives the first generator (15), so that the first generator (15) and the second generator (23) simultaneously supply power to the plant area; A second clutch (24) is provided between one end of the output shaft of the second expander (22) and the input shaft of the second generator (23), and the other end of the output shaft is connected to the main shaft of the compressor (121) through the first clutch (16) for driving the compressor (121) to operate.

2. The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage and peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The compressor (121) is used to compress atmospheric-pressure carbon dioxide into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, and the energy storage heat exchanger (122) is used to cool the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide and liquefy it into liquid carbon dioxide.

3. The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage and peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The energy release component (14) includes an energy release heat exchanger assembly (141) and a first expander (142). The outlet of the energy storage container (13) is connected to the working fluid inlet of the energy release heat exchanger assembly (141), and the working fluid outlet of the energy release heat exchanger assembly (141) is connected to the first expander (142). The energy release heat exchanger assembly (141) is used to heat the high-pressure carbon dioxide output from the energy storage container (13) using waste heat medium to heat up the high-pressure carbon dioxide and then input it into the first expander (142) for expansion and work to drive the first generator (15) to generate electricity.

4. The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage and peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system also has a combined power generation operation mode; In the combined power generation operation mode, the second clutch (24) enables the second expander (22) to engage with the second generator (23), and the first clutch (16) enables the second expander (22) to engage with the compressor (121), and the combined power generation operation mode includes a first stage and a second stage; In the first stage, the second expander (22) drives the compressor (121) and the second generator (23) to work simultaneously, so that the compressor (121) compresses atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high pressure carbon dioxide, which is then liquefied into liquid carbon dioxide through the energy storage heat exchanger (122) and stored in the energy storage container (13); the second generator (23) supplies power to the plant area; In the second stage, a connecting pipe (17) is further provided between the working fluid outlet of the compressor (121) and the working fluid inlet of the first expander (142). The compressor (121) compresses atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide into high-pressure carbon dioxide and directly delivers the compressed carbon dioxide to the first expander (142) through the connecting pipe (17). The first expander (142) utilizes the high-pressure carbon dioxide delivered by the compressor (121) and the energy storage container (13) to expand and perform work to drive the first generator (15) to generate electricity and supply power to the plant. The second generator (23) also supplies power to the plant simultaneously.

5. The waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage and peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: It also includes a waste heat medium supply component (30), which is connected to the waste heat boiler (21) and the heat exchange medium channel of the energy release component (14) to provide waste heat medium to the energy release component (14) and the waste heat boiler (21); The energy-releasing heat exchanger assembly (141) includes an energy-releasing heat exchanger 1 (1411) and an energy-releasing heat exchanger 2 (1412) which are sequentially connected between the energy storage container (13) and the first expander (142). The heat exchange medium inlet of the energy-releasing heat exchanger 1 (1411) is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet of the waste heat boiler (21); the medium inlet of the energy-releasing heat exchanger 2 (1412) is directly connected to the waste heat medium providing component (30). The energy-releasing heat exchanger 1 (1411) is used to use the medium-temperature waste heat medium output by the waste heat boiler (21) to heat the high-pressure carbon dioxide to a first high temperature, and the energy-releasing heat exchanger 2 (1412) is used to use the high-temperature waste heat medium output by the waste heat medium providing component (30) to heat the first high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide to a second high temperature.

6. A method for peak-shaving power generation, characterized in that: Based on the waste heat power generation coupled with compressed carbon dioxide energy storage peak-shaving power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the peak-shaving power generation method includes: During a low electricity consumption period or a new energy boom period, the second expander (22) engages with the compressor (121) to provide driving force thereto, driving the compressor (121) to compress the atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide output from the gas storage reservoir (11) to obtain high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide, and stores the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide in the energy storage container (13); During peak electricity consumption, the second expander (22) drives the second generator (23) to generate electricity, and the energy release component (14) uses the high-pressure carbon dioxide delivered from the energy storage container (13) to expand and perform work, thereby driving the first generator (15) to generate electricity. The first generator (15) generates electricity and the second generator (23) supplies electricity to the factory area at the same time.

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