Data acquisition and processing method, device, electronic device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present invention provides a data acquisition and processing method, device, electronic device, and storage medium, relating to the field of geophysical exploration. When conducting three-dimensional seismic exploration in the loess mountains of the Ordos Basin, the system fully utilizes the characteristics of the loess mountains, which are crisscrossed with gullies, and the broadband, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high resolution of seismic records received in the gullies. A three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and observation system is designed that uses broadband, high-signal-to-noise ratio seismic data to extract target seismic wavelets. The system performs deterministic deconvolution on seismic records received by second-type geophones located outside the target gully and belonging to the same first-type shot point as the target excitation wavelet, as well as seismic records corresponding to second-type shot points where no first-type geophones exist within the maximum offset. This system improves the resolution of the seismic data while achieving high-fidelity processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration, and more particularly to a data acquisition and processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the vast and thick loess covering the surface of the Loess Mountain area, the acquisition of 3D seismic data in the Loess Mountain area of ​​the Ordos Basin is currently difficult to avoid the absorption and attenuation of seismic signals caused by loess in terms of excitation and reception conditions in order to ensure the uniformity of the observation system attributes. The loose and dry thick loess has a very serious absorption and attenuation effect on seismic waves, resulting in the current situation of narrow frequency band and low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic exploration data in the Loess Mountain area. Therefore, improving the resolution of the Loess Mountain area in the Ordos Basin mainly relies on the deconvolution processing technology in seismic data.

[0003] Existing deconvolution processing techniques for seismic data in the Loess Mountain region cannot produce seismic data that meets the fidelity and resolution requirements of seismic acquisition tasks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a data acquisition and processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium, aiming to solve or partially solve the problem of improving the fidelity and resolution of seismic data.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a data acquisition and processing method, the method comprising:

[0007] Amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising are performed on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area;

[0008] Based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, the seismic records received by the first type of geophone are evaluated to determine the optimal data location segment of the seismic records. The first type of geophone is a geophone deployed in the target valley area, which is a valley area with well-developed water system and excellent lithology.

[0009] Autocorrelation processing is performed on the optimal data location segment of the earthquake record to obtain the target seismic wavelet of the earthquake record;

[0010] The seismic record received by the second type geophone at the same first type shot point as the target seismic wavelet is determined. The second type geophone is a geophone not deployed in the target valley area. The first type geophone exists within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the first type shot point.

[0011] Based on the target seismic wavelet, a deterministic deconvolution is performed on the seismic records received by the second type of geophone to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophone.

[0012] Optionally, before performing amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area, the method further includes:

[0013] Based on the requirements for the placement of shot points and geophones, as well as the surface topography of the work area, a target layout scheme for the 3D seismic data acquisition and observation system of the work area is generated.

[0014] According to the target deployment plan of the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and observation system, shot points and detectors are deployed, and seismic data is acquired to obtain seismic records.

[0015] Optionally, the location requirements for the shot points and detectors include:

[0016] Requirements for the placement of Type I shot points and Type I detectors, as well as the placement requirements for Type II shot points and Type I shot points.

[0017] Optionally, the step of evaluating the seismic records received by the first type of detector based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, and determining the optimal data location segment of the seismic records, includes:

[0018] Based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, the seismic records received by the corresponding Type I geophones for each Type I shot point are evaluated to determine the evaluation score of each candidate data location segment, wherein the candidate data location segment consists of multiple consecutive Type I geophones.

[0019] The candidate data segment with the highest evaluation score is determined as the optimal data segment.

[0020] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0021] Seismic records of the second type of shot point excitation and reception are obtained, wherein there is no first type geophone within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the second type of shot point;

[0022] Determine whether the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as that of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet;

[0023] When the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as that of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet, deterministic deconvolution is performed on the seismic records excited and received by the second type of shot point according to the target seismic wavelet to generate the deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of shot point.

[0024] Optionally, the step of determining whether the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet includes:

[0025] Obtain the triggering factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point is located from the drilling operation report;

[0026] Under the condition that the excitation factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point is located are exactly the same as the excitation factors and the medium in which the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet is located, the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is determined to be the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet.

[0027] Optionally, after the step of generating a deterministic deconvolutional seismic record for the second type of shot points, the method further includes:

[0028] Statistical deconvolution is performed on the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of shot points and the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophones to obtain statistical deconvolution seismic records of the second type of shot points and the statistical deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophones.

[0029] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a data acquisition and processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

[0030] The data preprocessing module is used to perform amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area.

[0031] The evaluation module is used to evaluate the seismic records received by the first type of geophones based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, and to determine the optimal data location segment of the seismic records. The first type of geophone is a geophone deployed in the target valley area, which is a valley area with a well-developed water system and excellent surface lithology.

[0032] The seismic wavelet calculation module is used to perform autocorrelation processing on the optimal data location segment of the seismic record to obtain the target seismic wavelet of the seismic record;

[0033] The determination module is used to determine the seismic records received by the second type geophones belonging to the same first type of shot point as the target seismic wavelet. The second type of geophones are geophones not deployed in the target valley area. The first type of geophones exist within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the first type of shot point.

[0034] The deconvolution calculation module is used to perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic records received by the second type of geophone based on the target seismic wavelet, so as to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophone.

[0035] Optionally, the data acquisition and processing device further includes a deployment planning module, which includes:

[0036] The target deployment scheme generation submodule is used to generate the target deployment scheme of the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and observation system of the work area based on the deployment location requirements of shot points and geophones, as well as the surface topography of the work area.

[0037] The deployment submodule is used to deploy shot points and geophones according to the target deployment scheme of the 3D seismic data acquisition and observation system, and to acquire seismic data to obtain seismic records.

[0038] Optionally, the evaluation module includes:

[0039] The evaluation score determination submodule is used to evaluate the seismic records received by the corresponding Type I geophones for each Type I shot point based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, and to determine the evaluation score of each candidate data location segment, wherein the candidate data location segment consists of multiple consecutive Type I geophones.

[0040] The filtering submodule is used to determine the optimal data location segment as the candidate data location segment with the highest evaluation score.

[0041] Optionally, the data acquisition and processing device further includes an optimization module, which includes:

[0042] The acquisition submodule is used to acquire seismic records generated and received by the second type of shot points, wherein there are no first type geophones within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the second type of shot points;

[0043] The judgment submodule is used to determine whether the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet.

[0044] The seismic record optimization module is used to perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic records excited and received by the second type of shot point, based on the target seismic wavelet, when the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as that of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet, to generate a deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of shot point.

[0045] Optionally, the judgment submodule includes

[0046] The acquisition unit is used to obtain the triggering factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point is located from the drilling operation report.

[0047] The execution unit is used to determine the excitation environment of the second type of shot point, which is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet, under the condition that the excitation factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point are exactly the same as the excitation factors and the medium in which the first type of shot point is located.

[0048] A third aspect of this invention provides an electronic device, which includes:

[0049] At least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method steps proposed in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0050] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method steps proposed in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0052] When conducting 3D seismic exploration in the loess hills of the Ordos Basin, the advantages of the loess hills' crisscrossing gullies and the wide bandwidth, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high resolution of seismic records received in the gullies are fully utilized. A 3D seismic data acquisition and observation system is designed to extract the target seismic wavelet from the wide bandwidth, high signal-to-noise ratio seismic data. This system is used to perform deterministic deconvolution on seismic records received by second-type geophones that belong to the same first-type shot point as the target excitation wavelet but are not deployed in the target gully, as well as on seismic records corresponding to second-type shot points for which there are no first-type geophones within the maximum shot-receiver distance. This effectively improves the resolution of the seismic data while achieving high-fidelity processing. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of a data acquisition and processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the deterministic deconvolution steps for the seismic records corresponding to the second type of shot points in this embodiment of the invention;

[0056] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition and processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] In related technologies, seismic records are the convolution of a seismic wavelet and a seismic reflection sequence (sharp pulse), i.e., seismic record x(t) = ω(t) * r(t); where ω(t) is the seismic wavelet and r(t) is the reflection coefficient sequence. To obtain the reflection coefficient sequence and improve the longitudinal resolution, the influence of the seismic wavelet on the seismic record must be eliminated. This process is called deconvolution, which is the main processing technique for improving the resolution of seismic data.

[0059] Deconvolution is classified into two categories based on the method of obtaining the seismic wavelet: statistical deconvolution and deterministic deconvolution. If the seismic wavelet is known, a filter can be designed to back-filter the seismic record x(t) to obtain the reflection coefficient sequence; this process is called deterministic deconvolution. When the seismic wavelet is unknown, a series of assumptions are required to extract the wavelet from the seismic record and then use it for deconvolution; this process is called statistical deconvolution. However, since the only known method for extracting the seismic wavelet in onshore exploration is through VSP logging, and the high cost of VSP logging makes it difficult to implement on a large scale in 3D seismic exploration, current technologies typically use statistical deconvolution to improve the resolution of seismic data. However, the loose, dry, and thick loess soil severely absorbs and attenuates seismic waves, and seismic data generally has the characteristics of low frequency, low signal-to-noise ratio, and low resolution. Furthermore, statistical deconvolution requires a series of assumptions, which are difficult to satisfy in actual seismic data. Therefore, statistical deconvolution is not ideal in practice.

[0060] Based on this, the inventors proposed the inventive concept of this application, which utilizes the advantages of deterministic deconvolution, such as high fidelity and good frequency enhancement, to design an observation system that can extract deterministic wavelets in the Loess Mountain area, and to design a method suitable for the Loess Mountain area that can realize deterministic deconvolution through seismic data processing.

[0061] This invention provides a data acquisition and processing method, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This application illustrates a flowchart of a data acquisition and processing method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method includes:

[0062] The specific steps for designing a three-dimensional observation system for the Loess Mountain region that can achieve deterministic deconvolution are as follows:

[0063] S100-1: Based on the requirements for the placement of shot points and geophones, as well as the surface topography of the work area, generate the target layout scheme for the 3D seismic data acquisition and observation system of the work area.

[0064] In this embodiment, due to the thin loess layer in the gullies of the Ordos Basin loess hills and the presence of sandstone or clay outcrops in some gullies, the signal-to-noise ratio and dominant frequency of the seismic records received in the gullies are relatively high. Furthermore, the gully system is well-developed in the Ordos loess hills region, making this observation system universally applicable in the loess hill area. Therefore, when designing the three-dimensional observation system, it is required that each shot point be equipped with a geophone within the gully region for receiving data. However, due to the typically used regular layout scheme, some shot points may lack geophones in gully regions, or the quality of seismic data received by geophones in gully regions may be poor. Therefore, for these shot points, it is necessary to ensure that their number of firing wells, firing charge, firing combination method, and firing lithology are the same as those of other shot points where geophones can be installed within the gully region.

[0065] It should be noted that when making the layout, the length of the arrangement in the valley area should not be too short, and the arrangement of the gullies with poor surface lithology should not be less than 50 (greater than 500 meters). In the main gully area with better lithology, the arrangement should be made as long as possible. The principle of maximizing the arrangement in the gully when construction conditions are available should be followed. After designing according to the above rules, the target layout scheme of the three-dimensional observation system is obtained.

[0066] S100-2: According to the target layout scheme of the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and observation system, the shot points and detectors are deployed, and seismic data is acquired to obtain seismic records.

[0067] In this embodiment, after determining the target deployment scheme of the three-dimensional observation system, the geophones and shot points are deployed according to the deployment coordinates of each geophone and shot point determined in the target deployment scheme. After the shot point starts excitation, the excitation signal propagates downward, is reflected through the strata, and is received by the geophone to generate a seismic record.

[0068] In one feasible implementation, the location requirements for the shot point and detector include:

[0069] Requirements for the placement of Type I shot points and Type I detectors, as well as the placement requirements for Type II shot points and Type I shot points.

[0070] In this embodiment, meeting the requirements for the placement of shot points and geophones is necessary to obtain high-resolution seismic data in the valley for extracting target seismic wavelets, and to perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic records received by the second type of geophones and the seismic records corresponding to the second type of excitation source.

[0071] S101: Perform amplitude compensation on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area.

[0072] In this embodiment, for any geophone within the work area, since the received seismic records are inevitably attenuated by the absorption of the surface loess, data preprocessing is required. The specific steps of data preprocessing include: firstly, amplitude compensation and restoration are performed to ensure that the wavelet time remains unchanged after extraction. Then, noise reduction is performed to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio, making the extracted seismic wavelet more accurate.

[0073] S102: Based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, evaluate the seismic records received by the first type of detector and determine the optimal data location segment of the seismic records.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first type of geophone is a geophone deployed in the target valley area. The target valley area refers to a valley area with a well-developed water system and good surface lithology. Well-developed water system means that the water system in the valley area is relatively long. Good surface lithology means that the surface of the valley area is mostly sandstone or clay. The relevant parameters of the seismic records received by the first type of geophone are evaluated to screen out seismic data segments with the desired seismic reflection sequence model.

[0075] In this embodiment, a seismic data segment is formed by multiple first-type geophones arranged in an array to receive seismic signals. Each valley area at each shot point receives one seismic data segment. These preprocessed seismic records from the valleys are evaluated based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bandwidth, and resolution. The higher the SNR, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic record, the greater the probability of it being selected as the optimal data segment for extracting the target wavelet. The steps for evaluating the seismic records received by the first-type geophones and determining the optimal data segment can be as follows:

[0076] S102-1: Based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, evaluate the seismic records received by the corresponding Type I geophones for each Type I shot point, and determine the evaluation score for each candidate data location segment; the candidate data location segment consists of multiple consecutive Type I geophones.

[0077] As an example, there are valley areas numbered A and B within the work area. The candidate data location segment corresponding to valley area numbered A consists of first-type detectors numbered 1, 2, and 3. The candidate data location segment corresponding to valley area numbered B consists of first-type detectors numbered 4, 5, and 6. Based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records received by the first-type geophones numbered 1, 2, and 3, the first-type geophones are evaluated. The final evaluation score for the candidate data location segment corresponding to valley region A is obtained based on the evaluation scores of the first-type geophones numbered 1, 2, and 3 and the preset weights for each first-type geophone. Similarly, based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records received by the first-type geophones numbered 4, 5, and 6, the first-type geophones are evaluated. The final evaluation score for the candidate data location segment corresponding to valley region B is obtained based on the evaluation scores of the first-type geophones numbered 4, 5, and 6 and the preset weights for each first-type geophone.

[0078] S102-2: The candidate data location segment with the highest evaluation score is determined as the optimal data location segment.

[0079] In this embodiment, after obtaining the final evaluation scores of each candidate data location segment, the candidate data location segment with the highest evaluation score is determined as the optimal data location segment. Continuing with the above embodiment, after obtaining the final evaluation scores of the candidate data location segments corresponding to valley area A and valley area B within the work area, the candidate data location segment corresponding to valley area A with the highest final evaluation score is determined as the optimal data location segment of that seismic record. Based on this, the optimal data location segment for each seismic record can be obtained.

[0080] S103: Perform autocorrelation processing on the optimal data location segment of the seismic record to obtain the target seismic wavelet of the seismic record.

[0081] In this embodiment, after determining the optimal data location segment for each seismic record, autocorrelation processing is performed on the optimal data location segment to obtain the target seismic wavelet for each seismic record, i.e., one target seismic wavelet corresponding to one shot point of the first type.

[0082] S104: Identify the seismic record received by a second-type geophone at the same first-type shot point as the target seismic wavelet.

[0083] In this embodiment, the second type of detector refers to a detector that is not deployed in the target valley area, and the first type of shot point refers to a shot point where a first type of detector exists within the maximum shot-detector distance of the shot point.

[0084] S105: Based on the target seismic wavelet, perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic record received by the second type of geophone to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of geophone.

[0085] In this embodiment, the seismic record is a convolution of the seismic wavelet and the seismic reflection sequence. To obtain the reflection coefficient sequence and improve the longitudinal resolution, the influence of the seismic wavelet on the seismic record must be eliminated; this process is called deconvolution. For the second type of geophone, due to the absorption of seismic waves by the loess, the resolution of the seismic record received by the second type of geophone is much lower than that of the seismic record received by the first type of geophone deployed in the valley area. In order to enable the seismic record received by the second type of geophone to achieve a resolution similar to that received by the first type of geophone, deterministic deconvolution is performed on the seismic record received by the second type of geophone and the corresponding target seismic wavelet to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of geophone, thereby improving the resolution of the seismic record received by the second type of geophone.

[0086] After obtaining the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second-type geophones, seismic records corresponding to second-type shot points still exist within the work area. These second-type shot point records are those generated by shot points where no first-type geophones exist within the maximum shot-receiver distance, or they exist in valley areas where corresponding first-type geophones exist, but the seismic records from these first-type geophones are of poor quality. Therefore, the method for deterministic deconvolution of the seismic records corresponding to second-type shot points cannot be implemented using the same method as for the seismic records from second-type geophones. However, it can be achieved through methods such as... Figure 2 The steps shown achieve deterministic deconvolution of the seismic records corresponding to the second type of shot points:

[0087] S201: Acquire seismic records of type II shot point excitation and reception.

[0088] Search for seismic records corresponding to second-type shot points where no first-type geophone is present within the maximum shot-receiver distance.

[0089] S202: Determine whether the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as that of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet.

[0090] In this embodiment, under the condition that the excitation factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point are located are exactly the same as the excitation factors and the medium in which the target seismic wavelet is located, it is determined that the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as the excitation environment of the shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet. The specific determination steps may include:

[0091] S202-1: Obtain the excitation factors and the medium in which all shot points are located from the drilling operation report, and match the target seismic wavelet for the second type of shot points according to the principle of proximity;

[0092] S202-2: Under the condition that the excitation factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point is located are exactly the same as the excitation factors and the medium in which the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet is located, determine that the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet.

[0093] In the implementation schemes S202-1 and S202-2, the excitation factors refer to the number of excitation wells, the amount of excitation charge, the excitation combination method, and the excitation lithology at each shot point. By using the direct observation method for obtaining wavelets in marine exploration, it can be determined that the seismic wavelet is only related to the excitation factors and the surrounding rock medium at the shot point. Therefore, if the excitation factors, surrounding rock, and surrounding medium are set to be the same for two shot points, then these two shot points are in the same excitation environment, and the target seismic wavelets of these two shot points are consistent.

[0094] S203: When the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as that of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet, a deterministic deconvolution is performed on the seismic records excited and received by the second type of shot point according to the target seismic wavelet to generate a deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of shot point.

[0095] In this embodiment, for the seismic record corresponding to the second type of shot point, if the excitation factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point are located are exactly the same as the excitation factors and the medium in which the target seismic wavelet is located, then the target seismic wavelet can be used to perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic record corresponding to the second type of shot point.

[0096] A three-dimensional wavelet field corresponding to all shot points in the entire work area can be constructed by autocorrelation of the optimal data in the trench for each shot or by borrowing the target seismic wavelet from surrounding shots. Then, deterministic deconvolution is performed shot by shot using the deterministic deconvolution module of the seismic data processing software. The resolution of the seismic record after deterministic deconvolution is similar to that of the seismic record received by the first type of geophones deployed in the valley area. Both are seismic records with high signal-to-noise ratio, wide bandwidth, and high resolution.

[0097] In one feasible implementation, after completing the deterministic deconvolution of all single-shot records in the work area, since the target seismic wavelet is actually extracted from seismic records excited by various terrain features and received in trenches, and has a certain surface absorption attenuation effect, statistical deconvolution can be performed to obtain higher resolution seismic data. The steps for performing statistical deconvolution can be as follows:

[0098] Determine the assumptions required for statistical reflexivity;

[0099] Based on the assumptions, statistical deconvolution is performed on the deterministic deconvolution seismic records from the second type of detector to obtain an optimized reflection model sequence.

[0100] In this embodiment, after obtaining the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophone and the second type of shot point through the above method, in order to further improve the resolution and quality of the seismic data, statistical deconvolution can be performed on the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophone and the second type of shot point. The assumptions required for statistical deconvolution are: assuming the wavelet is invariant, assuming the seismic reflection series is white, and assuming the wavelet with minimum phase. When the seismic wavelet is unknown, a series of assumptions are required. The wavelet is extracted from the seismic record and used for deconvolution; this process is called statistical deconvolution.

[0101] Based on the methods described above, the solution of this application will be explained in conjunction with the following embodiments:

[0102] Taking a three-dimensional test in the Q area of ​​the southwestern Ordos Basin as an example, this area spans two first-order tectonic units, a slope and a depression, and is a typical loess mountain landform. The test area has a well-developed gully system with good ignition lithology in the gullies, and a full overburden of 50 km². 2 The observation system design is 76L-5S-460R, with a subdivision area of ​​10m*10m, a receiver point spacing of 40m, an excitation point spacing of 40m, a receiver line spacing of 100m, an excitation line spacing of 200m, and a shot density of 218.5 (10). 4 / km 2 ).

[0103] S1: First, based on the requirements for the placement of shot points and geophones, as well as the surface topography of the work area, the target layout scheme of the 3D seismic data acquisition and observation system for the work area was designed. The design of the observation system in the test area followed the design principle of a 3D observation system calibrated with sparse broadband data, and followed the principle of placing geophones in all valleys. Type I geophones were placed in 33 gully systems within the work area, including 3 main gullies, each about 12km long, 6 gullies longer than 2km, and 27 gullies between 200m and 2km, for a total of 1960 Type I geophones; among them, there were 93831 Type II geophones, 21168 shots of Type I shot points, and 4747 shots of Type II shot points.

[0104] The geophones deployed in the main trench of the S2:Q work area acquired seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.

[0105] The signal-to-noise ratio distribution of all single shots in the work area also reveals that the signal-to-noise ratio of the data in the trench area is relatively high.

[0106] S3: Perform preprocessing of seismic data, including static correction, noise reduction, and amplitude compensation.

[0107] S4: Select a region with good records in the trench, obtain a seismic wavelet in the trench for each shot, and perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic records received by the second type of geophone based on the seismic wavelet to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophone.

[0108] S5: For single-shot waves without groove arrangement or with poor groove data, according to the shift report, combined with the actual excitation parameter attributes and surface structure characteristics, borrow single-shot wavelets from nearby excitation factors and excitation media.

[0109] S6: Select the air gun wavelet deconvolution module in the component and perform deterministic deconvolution on a shot-by-shot basis.

[0110] S7: According to the expected goals of the test area: deterministic deconvolution can improve all seismic records to the level of broadband seismic records received in the trench. To further improve the resolution, statistical deconvolution can be performed again.

[0111] This invention also provides a data acquisition and processing device, as described in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 The present invention illustrates a data acquisition and processing device, which may include the following modules:

[0112] Data preprocessing module 301 is used to perform amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area;

[0113] Evaluation module 302 is used to evaluate the seismic record received by the first type of geophone based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth and resolution of the seismic record after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, and to determine the optimal data location segment of the seismic record. The first type of geophone is a geophone deployed in the target valley area, which is a valley area with a well-developed water system and excellent surface lithology.

[0114] The seismic wavelet calculation module 303 is used to perform autocorrelation processing on the optimal data location segment of the seismic record to obtain the target seismic wavelet of the seismic record;

[0115] The determination module 304 is used to determine the seismic record received by the second type geophone at the same first type shot point as the target seismic wavelet. The second type geophone is a geophone not deployed in the target valley area. The first type geophone exists within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the first type shot point.

[0116] The deconvolution calculation module 305 is used to perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic records received by the second type of geophone based on the target seismic wavelet, so as to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophone.

[0117] In one feasible implementation, the data acquisition and processing device further includes a deployment planning module, which includes:

[0118] The target deployment scheme generation submodule is used to generate the target deployment scheme of the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and observation system of the work area based on the deployment location requirements of shot points and geophones, as well as the surface topography of the work area.

[0119] The deployment submodule is used to deploy shot points and geophones according to the target deployment scheme of the 3D seismic data acquisition and observation system, and to acquire seismic data to obtain seismic records.

[0120] In one feasible implementation, the evaluation module includes:

[0121] The evaluation score determination submodule is used to evaluate the seismic records received by the corresponding Type I geophones for each Type I shot point based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, and to determine the evaluation score of each candidate data location segment, wherein the candidate data location segment consists of multiple consecutive Type I geophones.

[0122] The filtering submodule is used to determine the optimal data location segment as the candidate data location segment with the highest evaluation score.

[0123] In one feasible implementation, the data acquisition and processing device further includes an optimization module, which includes:

[0124] The acquisition submodule is used to acquire seismic records generated and received by the second type of shot points, wherein there are no first type geophones within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the second type of shot points;

[0125] The judgment submodule is used to determine whether the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet.

[0126] The seismic record optimization module is used to perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic records excited and received by the second type of shot point, based on the target seismic wavelet, when the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as that of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet, to generate a deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of shot point.

[0127] In one feasible implementation, the determination submodule includes

[0128] The acquisition unit is used to obtain the triggering factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point is located from the drilling operation report.

[0129] The execution unit is used to determine the excitation environment of the second type of shot point, which is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet, under the condition that the excitation factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point are exactly the same as the excitation factors and the medium in which the first type of shot point is located.

[0130] Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus.

[0131] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0132] The processor, when executing a program stored in the memory, implements the data acquisition and processing method of the present invention.

[0133] The communication bus mentioned above can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not indicate that there is only one bus or one type of bus. The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned terminal and other devices. The memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory can also be at least one storage system located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0134] The above-mentioned processor can be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, and discrete hardware components.

[0135] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, embodiments of this application also propose a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the data acquisition and processing method of embodiments of this application.

[0136] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer-usable vehicles (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0137] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A system that specifies functions in one or more boxes.

[0138] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including an instruction set implemented in a process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0139] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0140] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. "And / or" indicates that either one or both can be chosen. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0141] The above provides a detailed description of the data acquisition and processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A data acquisition and processing method, characterized in that, The method includes: Amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising are performed on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area; Based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, the seismic records received by the first type of geophone are evaluated to determine the optimal data location segment of the seismic records. The first type of geophone is a geophone deployed in the target valley area, which is a valley area with a well-developed water system and excellent surface lithology. Autocorrelation processing is performed on the optimal data location segment of the earthquake record to obtain the target seismic wavelet of the earthquake record; The seismic record received by a second type of geophone belonging to the same first type of shot point as the target seismic wavelet is determined. The second type of geophone is a geophone not deployed in the target valley area. The first type of geophone exists within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the first type of shot point. Based on the target seismic wavelet, a deterministic deconvolution is performed on the seismic record received by the second type of geophone to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of geophone.

2. The data acquisition and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before performing amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area, the method further includes: Based on the requirements for the placement of shot points and geophones, as well as the surface topography of the work area, a target deployment scheme for the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and observation system of the work area is generated. According to the target deployment scheme of the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and observation system, the shot points and detectors are deployed, and seismic data is acquired to obtain seismic records.

3. The data acquisition and processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The requirements for the placement of the shot points and detectors include: The requirements for the placement of the first type of shot point, the first type of detector, and the second type of detector, and the requirements for the placement of the second type of shot point and the first type of shot point.

4. The data acquisition and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for evaluating the seismic records received by the first type of detector and determining the optimal data location segment of the seismic records based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising include: Based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, the seismic records received by the corresponding first-type geophones for each first-type shot point are evaluated to determine the evaluation score of each candidate data location segment, wherein the candidate data location segment is composed of multiple consecutive first-type geophones. The candidate data segment with the highest evaluation score is determined as the optimal data segment.

5. The data acquisition and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Seismic records of the second type of shot point excitation and reception are acquired, wherein no first type geophone is present within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the second type of shot point; Determine whether the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet; When the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as that of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet, deterministic deconvolution is performed on the seismic records excited and received by the second type of shot point according to the target seismic wavelet to generate a deterministic deconvolution seismic record of the second type of shot point.

6. The data acquisition and processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet includes: Obtain the triggering factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point is located from the drilling operation report; Under the condition that the excitation factors and the medium in which the second type of shot point is located are exactly the same as the excitation factors and the medium in which the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet is located, the excitation environment of the second type of shot point is determined to be the same as the excitation environment of the first type of shot point corresponding to the target seismic wavelet.

7. The data acquisition and processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the step of generating a deterministic deconvolution seismic record for the second type of shot point, the method further includes: Statistical deconvolution is performed on the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of shot points and the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophones to obtain statistical deconvolution seismic records of the second type of shot points and statistical deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophones.

8. A data acquisition and processing device, characterized in that, The device includes: The data preprocessing module is used to perform pre-stack denoising and amplitude compensation on the seismic records received by the geophones within the work area. The evaluation module is used to evaluate the seismic records received by the first type of geophone based on the signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and resolution of the seismic records after amplitude compensation and pre-stack denoising, and to determine the optimal data location segment of the seismic records. The first type of geophone is a geophone deployed in the target valley area, which is a valley area with a well-developed water system and excellent surface lithology. The seismic wavelet calculation module is used to perform autocorrelation processing on the optimal data location segment of the seismic record to obtain the target seismic wavelet of the seismic record; The determination module is used to determine the seismic records received by the second type of geophones belonging to the same first type of shot point as the target seismic wavelet, wherein the second type of geophone is a geophone not deployed in the target valley area, and wherein the first type of geophone exists within the maximum shot-receiver distance of the first type of shot point; The deconvolution calculation module is used to perform deterministic deconvolution on the seismic records received by the second type of geophone based on the target seismic wavelet, so as to obtain the deterministic deconvolution seismic records of the second type of geophone.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the data acquisition and processing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the data acquisition and processing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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