A method for preparing a frost-resistant concrete

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method of anti-freezing concrete and relates to the technical field of high polymer materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step one: after bentonite and diatomite are crushed, the bentonite and the diatomite are calcined under high temperature and in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles; then, the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride and water are uniformly stirred in a stirrer; after reaction at 60 DEG C-80 DEG C for 4h-8h, a viscous mixture is obtained; step two: triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate and water are mixed and subjected to oil bath reaction to obtain an anti-freezing modifier; step three: the viscous mixture, the anti-freezing modifier, Portland cement, machine-made sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate and water are stirred and mixed, and then poured into a mold; after curing and demolding, the anti-freezing concrete is obtained. The synergistic effect of various raw materials is achieved through mutual cooperation of their respective characteristics and functions, so that the compressive and anti-freezing properties of the concrete are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of anti-freezing concrete. BACKGROUND

[0002] Concrete is a widely used building material in modern construction engineering, and its performance directly affects the quality and service life of buildings. However, in cold regions, due to the decrease of temperature, the concrete will be frozen and hardened during the process, which will lead to the decrease of its strength, even the cracks, and seriously affect its performance and durability.

[0003] In order to solve this problem, people have developed anti-freezing concrete. Anti-freezing concrete is a kind of concrete that can maintain good performance in low temperature environment, which mainly improves its anti-freezing performance by adding anti-freezing agent or changing the mix proportion of concrete. However, the existing anti-freezing concrete preparation method has some problems, such as the control of the amount of anti-freezing agent is not easy, too much anti-freezing agent will have a negative impact on the other performance of concrete; and changing the mix proportion of concrete will increase the complexity of the preparation process, affecting the production efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, developing a new anti-freezing concrete preparation method, which can effectively improve the anti-freezing performance of concrete, maintain the other performance of concrete, and the preparation process is simple and easy to operate, is the current problem to be solved in the field of concrete technology, and the following methods are usually used.

[0005] Microstructure optimization: By adjusting the microstructure of concrete, its anti-freezing performance is improved. For example, introducing nanomaterials or adding fiber reinforcing agents can enhance the internal structure of concrete and improve its anti-freezing performance. These additives can improve the strength, toughness and crack resistance of concrete, thereby reducing the risk of freeze damage.

[0006] Application of phase change materials: Phase change materials are materials that can absorb and release a large amount of heat within a certain temperature range. By introducing phase change materials into concrete, the heat released during the phase change process can be used to offset the cooling effect, thereby slowing down the temperature drop of concrete and reducing the risk of freeze damage. This method can be realized by adding microcapsules or microencapsulated phase change materials to concrete.

[0007] Use of chemical admixtures: Some chemical admixtures have the characteristics of improving the anti-freezing performance of concrete. For example, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and other salt admixtures can lower the freezing point of concrete and delay the occurrence of freezing. At the same time, they can also improve the strength and durability of concrete. However, attention should be paid to the control of the amount of salt admixture to avoid negative effects on other properties of concrete.

[0008] Sealing treatment: Sealing treatment on the surface of concrete can reduce the moisture into the concrete, thereby reducing the risk of freeze damage. By using waterproofing agents or coating materials, the frost resistance of concrete can be effectively improved.

[0009] Temperature control and curing: During the hardening process of concrete, appropriate temperature control and curing measures can effectively reduce the occurrence of freeze damage. By using heating equipment or insulation materials, the temperature of concrete during curing can be maintained at a higher level to prevent freeze damage caused by cooling.

[0010] It should be noted that the above methods are only one of the solutions, and the actual preparation method of frost-resistant concrete is the comprehensive application of multiple technologies. Future research will continue to explore new materials and technologies to improve the performance of frost-resistant concrete and meet the needs of different regions and engineering projects. SUMMARY

[0011] The purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of frost-resistant concrete, which takes advantage of the synergistic effect of various raw materials to improve the compressive and frost resistance of concrete.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0013] A preparation method of frost-resistant concrete, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step one: After the bentonite and diatomite are crushed, they are calcined under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water are stirred uniformly in a blender. After 4-8 hours of reaction at 60-80℃, a viscous mixture is obtained.

[0015] Step two: Mix triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water, and perform oil bath reaction to obtain a frost-resistant modifier.

[0016] Step three: Mix the viscous mixture, frost-resistant modifier, Portland cement, machine-made sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, and stir and mix them. After pouring into a mold and curing and demolding, the frost-resistant concrete is obtained.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of frost-resistant concrete,

[0018] The amounts of bentonite and diatomite in step one are (20-40 kg) and (40-80 kg), respectively.

[0019] The calcination temperature in step one is 320-500℃.

[0020] The calcination time in step one is 4-6 hours.

[0021] Preferably, the method for preparing the frost-resistant concrete,

[0022] In step one, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used are (50kg-100kg), (25kg-40kg), (5kg-10kg), and (180kg-220kg), respectively.

[0023] Preferably, the method for preparing the frost-resistant concrete,

[0024] In step two, the amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water used are (20kg-30kg), (10kg-15kg), (10kg-18kg), (40kg-70kg), (5kg-15kg), (5kg-10kg), and (150kg-200kg), respectively.

[0025] Preferably, the method for preparing the frost-resistant concrete,

[0026] The oil bath reaction temperature in step two is 150℃-180℃;

[0027] The oil bath reaction time in step two is 6-12 hours.

[0028] Preferably, the method for preparing the frost-resistant concrete,

[0029] In step three, the amounts of viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate and water are (15kg-30kg), (10kg-20kg), (300kg-400kg), (20kg-35kg), (2kg-5kg), (20kg-40kg), and (200kg-300kg) respectively.

[0030] Preferably, the method for preparing the frost-resistant concrete,

[0031] The mixing temperature in step three is 40℃-50℃.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] The synergistic effect of the various raw materials in this invention is achieved through the combined effect of their individual properties and functions, which jointly improve the compressive and frost resistance of concrete. Specifically, these substances exert a synergistic effect in the following aspects:

[0034] Enhanced Mechanical Properties: Wood ash, triethanolamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, and polycarboxylate each contribute to enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. When used together, these substances complement each other, further strengthening the compressive strength of concrete. For example, wood ash and polyacrylamide enhance the strength of concrete through different mechanisms, thus providing better compressive performance through a synergistic effect.

[0035] Enhanced freeze-thaw resistance: Wood ash, triethanolamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, and polycarboxylate all have a positive impact on the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. They synergistically improve the concrete's freeze-thaw resistance by enhancing its microstructure, water retention, and durability after freeze-thaw cycles. When these substances coexist, they exert a more synergistic effect, enabling the concrete to better resist damage caused by freeze-thaw cycles.

[0036] Improved fluidity and workability: Substances such as methyl cellulose ethers, polyacrylamide, and polycarboxylate have thickening, viscous, or water-reducing effects in concrete, improving its fluidity and workability. When used together, these substances work synergistically to further enhance the fluidity and workability of concrete, making it easier to construct and shape. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following are references for the process management of curing and demolding:

[0038] Water the plants for maintenance, at least twice a day.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 60℃ for 8 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 20 kg and 80 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 320℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is -6 hours.

[0042] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 50 kg, 40 kg, 5 kg, and 220 kg, respectively.

[0043] Step 2: Triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 20 kg, 15 kg, 10 kg, 70 kg, 5 kg, 10 kg, and 150 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 150℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 12 hours.

[0044] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0045] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 15 kg, 20 kg, 300 kg, 35 kg, 2 kg, 40 kg, and 200 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 40℃.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 80℃ for 4 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 40 kg and 40 kg respectively. The high temperature calcination in Step 1 is 500℃. The high temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 4 hours.

[0049] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 100kg, 25kg, 10kg, and 180kg, respectively.

[0050] Step 2: Triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 30 kg, 10 kg, 18 kg, 40 kg, 15 kg, 5 kg, and 200 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 180℃, and the reaction time is 6 hours.

[0051] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0052] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 30 kg, 10 kg, 400 kg, 20 kg, 5 kg, 20 kg, and 200 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 50℃.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 65℃ for 5 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 25 kg and 70 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 380℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 4 hours.

[0056] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 60 kg, 30 kg, 6 kg, and 190 kg, respectively.

[0057] Step 2: Triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 22 kg, 14 kg, 12 kg, 50 kg, 6 kg, 9 kg, and 160 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 160℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 7 hours.

[0058] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0059] In step three, the amounts of viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 17 kg, 18 kg, 320 kg, 33 kg, 3 kg, 38 kg, and 220 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 42℃.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 78℃ for 7 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amounts of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 are 35 kg and 50 kg, respectively. The calcination temperature in Step 1 is 450℃. The calcination time in Step 1 is 4 hours.

[0063] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 90 kg, 28 kg, 9 kg, and 190 kg, respectively.

[0064] Step 2: Triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 280 kg, 11 kg, 16 kg, 45 kg, 14 kg, 6 kg, and 160 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 175℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 7 hours.

[0065] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0066] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 28 kg, 12 kg, 320 kg, 22 kg, 3 kg, 22 kg, and 280 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 48℃.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 70℃ for 6 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 30 kg and 60 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 420℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 5 hours.

[0070] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 80 kg, 30 kg, 8 kg, and 200 kg, respectively.

[0071] Step 2: Triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 25 kg, 13 kg, 14 kg, 60 kg, 10 kg, 8 kg, and 180 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 170℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 9 hours.

[0072] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0073] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 22 kg, 15 kg, 350 kg, 27 kg, 4 kg, 30 kg, and 250 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 45℃.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, stir the calcined particles, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 70℃ for 6 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 30 kg and 60 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 420℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 5 hours.

[0077] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 80 kg, 8 kg, and 200 kg, respectively.

[0078] Step 2: Triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 25 kg, 13 kg, 14 kg, 60 kg, 10 kg, 8 kg, and 180 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 170℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 9 hours.

[0079] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0080] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 22 kg, 15 kg, 350 kg, 27 kg, 4 kg, 30 kg, and 250 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 45℃.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 70℃ for 6 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 30 kg and 60 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 420℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 5 hours.

[0084] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 80 kg, 30 kg, 8 kg, and 200 kg, respectively.

[0085] Step 2: Sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water used in Step 2 are 13 kg, 14 kg, 60 kg, 10 kg, 8 kg, and 180 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 170℃, and the reaction time is 9 hours.

[0086] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0087] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 22 kg, 15 kg, 350 kg, 27 kg, 4 kg, 30 kg, and 250 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 45℃.

[0088] Comparative Example 3

[0089] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0090] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 70℃ for 6 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 30 kg and 60 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 420℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 5 hours.

[0091] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 80 kg, 30 kg, 8 kg, and 200 kg, respectively.

[0092] Step 2: Mix triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water, and react in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 25 kg, 13 kg, 14 kg, 10 kg, 8 kg, and 180 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 170℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 9 hours.

[0093] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0094] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 22 kg, 15 kg, 350 kg, 27 kg, 4 kg, 30 kg, and 250 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 45℃.

[0095] Comparative Example 4

[0096] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0097] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 70℃ for 6 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 30 kg and 60 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 420℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 5 hours.

[0098] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 80 kg, 30 kg, 8 kg, and 200 kg, respectively.

[0099] Step 2: Mix triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, calcium carbonate, and water, and react in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 25 kg, 13 kg, 14 kg, 60 kg, 8 kg, and 180 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 170℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 9 hours.

[0100] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0101] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 22 kg, 15 kg, 350 kg, 27 kg, 4 kg, 30 kg, and 250 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 45℃.

[0102] Comparative Example 5

[0103] The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete includes the following steps:

[0104] Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water evenly in a mixer and react at 70℃ for 6 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. The amount of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used in Step 1 is 30 kg and 60 kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in Step 1 is 420℃. The high-temperature calcination time in Step 1 is 5 hours.

[0105] In addition, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used in step one are 80 kg, 30 kg, 8 kg, and 200 kg, respectively.

[0106] Step 2: Triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water are mixed and reacted in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier. The amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water in Step 2 are 25 kg, 13 kg, 14 kg, 60 kg, 10 kg, 8 kg, and 180 kg, respectively. The temperature of the oil bath reaction in Step 2 is 170℃. The reaction time in Step 2 is 9 hours.

[0107] Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product.

[0108] In step three, the amounts of the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, and water are 22 kg, 15 kg, 350 kg, 27 kg, 4 kg, and 250 kg, respectively; the mixing temperature in step three is 45℃.

[0109] Test case

[0110] Refer to the following known technical methods for testing:

[0111] Reference scheme: CN201911406542.8, the concrete prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were subjected to 28-day compressive strength and frost resistance tests.

[0112] The frost resistance of concrete is generally expressed as a frost resistance grade. The frost resistance grade is determined by the maximum number of freeze-thaw cycles that a 28-day-old test block can withstand after being saturated with water, with the compressive strength decreasing by no more than 25% and the mass loss not exceeding 5%. It is classified into frost resistance grades F50, F100, F150, F200, F250, F300, F350, F400 and >F400.

[0113] Table 1 Test Results

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] As shown in Table 1, wood ash, triethanolamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, and polycarboxylate have a good effect on improving the compressive and frost resistance of the prepared concrete. They enhance the mechanical properties, increase compressive strength, and have a positive impact on frost resistance. The addition of wood ash can improve the microstructure of concrete and increase its durability after frost cycles.

[0117] Triethanolamine: Triethanolamine is a chemical additive with good water retention and antifreeze properties. It can form a stable hydrogen bond structure in concrete, reducing water loss and improving the frost resistance of concrete. Simultaneously, triethanolamine can also improve the fluidity and workability of concrete. Methylcellulose ether: Methylcellulose ether is a water-soluble polymer that acts as a thickener in concrete. It can increase the viscosity and viscosity of concrete, improving fluidity and workability. Its application in frost-resistant concrete can improve its frost resistance and durability. Polyacrylamide: Polyacrylamide is a high-molecular polymer with good water retention and thickening properties. It can form a stable colloidal system in concrete, improving the dispersibility and cohesiveness of cement particles. The addition of polyacrylamide can improve the compressive strength and frost resistance of frost-resistant concrete. Polycarboxylate: Polycarboxylate is a high-performance water-reducing agent commonly used in concrete preparation. It can significantly reduce the water-cement ratio of concrete, improving its fluidity and water-reducing effect. The addition of polycarboxylate can improve the frost resistance of concrete and reduce damage caused by freeze-thaw cycles.

[0118] In summary, based on the data in Table 1 and the explanations of various additives, we can conclude that the addition of wood ash, triethanolamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, and polycarboxylate has a significant reinforcing effect on frost-resistant concrete, improving its compressive strength and frost resistance. The use of these additives can improve the performance of frost-resistant concrete, making it more suitable for engineering applications in cold regions.

[0119] The preferred embodiments of this patent have been described in detail above. However, this patent is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this patent.

Claims

1. A method for preparing frost-resistant concrete, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: After crushing bentonite and diatomaceous earth, calcine them under high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined particles. Then, mix the calcined particles, wood ash, calcium chloride and water in a mixer and react at 60℃-80℃ for 4-8 hours to obtain a viscous mixture. Step 2: Mix triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate and water, and react in an oil bath to obtain an antifreeze modifier; Step 3: Mix the viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water, pour the mixture into a mold, cure and demold to obtain the final product. In step one, the amounts of bentonite and diatomaceous earth used are 20kg-40kg and 40kg-80kg, respectively. The high-temperature calcination temperature in step one is 320℃-500℃; The high-temperature calcination time in step one is 4-6 hours; In step one, the amounts of calcined granules, wood ash, calcium chloride, and water used are 50kg-100kg, 25kg-40kg, 5kg-10kg, and 180kg-220kg, respectively. In step two, the amounts of triethanolamine, sodium phosphate, melamine, methyl cellulose ether, polyacrylamide, calcium carbonate, and water used are 20kg-30kg, 10kg-15kg, 10kg-18kg, 40kg-70kg, 5kg-15kg, 5kg-10kg, and 150kg-200kg, respectively. The oil bath reaction temperature in step two is 150℃-180℃; The oil bath reaction time in step two is 6-12 hours.

2. The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the amounts of viscous mixture, antifreeze modifier, silicate cement, manufactured sand, sodium lignosulfonate, polycarboxylate, and water are 15kg-30kg, 10kg-20kg, 300kg-400kg, 20kg-35kg, 2kg-5kg, 20kg-40kg, and 200kg-300kg, respectively.

3. The method for preparing frost-resistant concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mixing temperature in step three is 40℃-50℃.

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