Hydrogen refueling station hydrogen charging and discharging optimization method and system based on optimization algorithm

Abstract

The application provides a hydrogen refueling station hydrogen charging and discharging optimization method and system based on an optimization algorithm, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen refueling station optimization processing. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining hydrogen refueling station basic parameters; calculating the hydrogen charging mass and charging utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual according to the hydrogen storage tank basic parameters; calculating the compression power consumption of the compressor according to the compressor basic parameters; calculating the cooling power consumption of the cooling system according to the cooling system basic parameters; inputting the cooling power consumption of the cooling system, the compression power consumption of the compressor and the hydrogen charging mass and charging utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank into a hydrogen refueling station profit objective function to obtain the hydrogen refueling station profit corresponding to each individual; based on the hydrogen refueling station profit corresponding to each individual, iteratively optimizing the residual pressure and volume of the hydrogen storage tank, and obtaining the hydrogen storage tank optimization result when the iteration number is reached, wherein the hydrogen storage tank optimization result is used to determine the optimal pressure level value and optimal volume value of the hydrogen storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen refueling station equipment optimization technology, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing hydrogen filling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on optimization algorithms. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is considered an ideal alternative fuel for the future due to its high efficiency and lack of pollution. With the development of fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are considered one of the most promising alternative energy vehicles for the future. Hydrogen refueling stations are gas stations that supply hydrogen to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; therefore, they are an essential infrastructure for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and their development has received increasing attention worldwide.

[0003] Currently, hydrogen refueling stations primarily employ high-pressure compression hydrogen storage, which improves refueling utilization and reduces operating power consumption. Refueling utilization reflects the station's continuous refueling capability; improving it reduces the frequency of refueling from storage tanks, lowering maintenance and operating costs. The total operating power consumption of a hydrogen refueling station mainly consists of the compressor's compression power consumption and the cooling system's cooling power consumption. Reducing total operating power consumption helps lower electricity costs and saves energy. Therefore, refueling utilization and operating power consumption are crucial components of comprehensive optimization for hydrogen refueling stations.

[0004] However, most studies on refueling utilization and operating power consumption optimize these two aspects separately. Current technologies lack a scheme that simultaneously considers both refueling utilization and operating power consumption for hydrogen refueling station optimization. Furthermore, optimizing either refueling utilization or operating power consumption individually suffers from incomplete consideration and poor optimization results. Therefore, providing a method for optimizing hydrogen refueling station charging and discharging that balances refueling utilization and operating power consumption to improve optimization effectiveness has become a pressing technical problem in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for optimizing hydrogen filling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on optimization algorithms. This method considers both refueling utilization and operating power consumption, studying the correlation between the pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank and both refueling utilization and operating power consumption. By optimizing the hydrogen storage tank equipment at hydrogen refueling stations while taking both refueling utilization and operating power consumption into account, the optimization effect of hydrogen filling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations is effectively improved, filling the gap in existing technologies that lack the ability to simultaneously consider refueling utilization and operating power consumption for hydrogen refueling station optimization.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this invention proposes an optimization method for hydrogen refueling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm. The hydrogen refueling station includes a tubular trailer, a compressor, a cascaded hydrogen storage system, and a cooling system. The cascaded hydrogen storage system includes several hydrogen storage tanks, including a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. When hydrogen is refueled at the hydrogen refueling station, hydrogen is drawn from the tubular trailer into the compressor, pressurized by the compressor, and then stored in the hydrogen storage tanks. When hydrogen is injected into a target vehicle requiring refueling, the hydrogen is transported from the hydrogen storage tanks to the cooling system, cooled by the cooling system, and then injected into the onboard hydrogen storage cylinder of the target vehicle. The optimization method for hydrogen refueling and discharging at the hydrogen refueling station includes:

[0008] Obtain the basic parameters of the hydrogen refueling station; the basic parameters of the hydrogen refueling station include the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, the basic parameters of the compressor and the basic parameters of the cooling system; the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank include multiple individuals; each individual includes at least the remaining pressure range and the volume range of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0009] Based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, calculate the hydrogen filling mass and filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual.

[0010] Calculate the compression power consumption of the compressor based on the compressor's basic parameters.

[0011] Calculate the cooling power consumption of the cooling system based on the basic parameters of the cooling system.

[0012] The cooling power consumption of the cooling system, the compression power consumption of the compressor, and the hydrogen quality and utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank are input into the hydrogen refueling station profit objective function to obtain the profit of each individual hydrogen refueling station.

[0013] Based on the profit of each individual hydrogen refueling station, the remaining pressure and volume of the hydrogen storage tank are iteratively optimized. After reaching the required number of iterations, the optimization result of the hydrogen storage tank is obtained. The optimization result of the hydrogen storage tank is used to determine the optimal pressure level and optimal volume value of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0014] Optionally, based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen filling mass and filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual are calculated, specifically including:

[0015] Based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, calculate the amount of hydrogen to be added to the hydrogen storage tank for each individual.

[0016] Based on the hydrogen mass added to the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual and the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, the filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual is calculated.

[0017] Optionally, the formula for calculating the mass of hydrogen gas added to the hydrogen storage tank is:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] Where a = P f αR g b = R g T M m C +P f V M +m x P f αR g -m L P f αR g ;

[0022] c = m x P f V M -P f αR g m x m M -m C m M R g T M A = P f αR g ;

[0023] B = R g T H m C +P f V H +P f αR(m x +m y -m H ), C = (m x +m y (P) f V H -P f αR g m H )-m C m H R g T H ;

[0024] The formula for calculating the filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] Where, m x my m z These represent the hydrogen refueling mass of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; P L P M P H These represent the remaining pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the remaining pressure in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; m L m M m H These represent the remaining mass in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the remaining mass in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining mass in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; T L T M T H These represent the temperatures of hydrogen gas in the low-pressure storage tank, the medium-pressure storage tank, and the high-pressure storage tank after cooling, respectively; V L V M V H These represent the volumes of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; R g α is the hydrogen gas constant; m is a coefficient; C Target fill quality; η represents fill utilization rate; P f The pressure after the on-board hydrogen storage tank is filled.

[0027] Optionally, the compression power consumption of the compressor is calculated based on the compressor's basic parameters, specifically including:

[0028] Based on the compressor's basic parameters, calculate the compressor outlet mass flow rate and compressor volumetric efficiency.

[0029] Calculate the isentropic efficiency of the compressor based on the compressor volumetric efficiency.

[0030] Calculate the compressor exhaust enthalpy based on the compressor's isentropic efficiency.

[0031] The compression power consumption of the compressor is calculated based on the compressor discharge specific enthalpy and the compressor outlet mass flow rate.

[0032] Optionally, the formula for calculating the compressor outlet mass flow rate is:

[0033]

[0034] The formula for calculating the volumetric efficiency of the compressor is:

[0035]

[0036] The formula for calculating the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is:

[0037]

[0038] The formula for calculating the specific enthalpy of the compressor discharge is:

[0039]

[0040] The formula for calculating the compression power consumption of the compressor is:

[0041]

[0042] in, ρ is the mass flow rate at the compressor outlet. in V is the density of the gas at the compressor inlet. cyl n is the volume of the compression cylinder; n is the motor speed; η V For volumetric efficiency; P out P is the exhaust pressure; in This refers to the intake pressure. h represents the compression power consumption of the compressor. in For intake specific enthalpy; h out Enthalpy of exhaust gas; h out,is η is the enthalpy during isentropic compression. is This refers to the isentropic efficiency of the compressor.

[0043] Optionally, the cooling power consumption of the cooling system is calculated based on the basic parameters of the cooling system, specifically including:

[0044] Based on the basic parameters of the cooling system, calculate the hydrogen cooling requirements of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0045] Calculate the coefficient of performance of the cooling system based on the ambient temperature.

[0046] The cooling power consumption of the cooling system is calculated based on the performance coefficient of the cooling system and the hydrogen cooling requirements of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0047] Optionally, the formula for calculating the hydrogen cooling requirement of the hydrogen refueling station is:

[0048]

[0049] The formula for calculating the performance coefficient of the cooling system is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] The formula for calculating the cooling power consumption of the cooling system is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] in, For hydrogen cooling requirements; h Co1The specific enthalpy of hydrogen gas discharged from the cooling system; h Co2 The specific enthalpy of hydrogen entering the cooling system; The mass flow rate at the inlet of the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder; For cooling power consumption; T a The ambient temperature is represented by COP, which is the coefficient of performance of the cooling system.

[0054] Optionally, the profit objective function of the hydrogen refueling station is expressed as follows:

[0055] d = d1 - d2 - d3 - d4 - d5;

[0056] d1=m a c1;

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] d4 = n2c4;

[0060] Where d represents the average annual profit of the hydrogen refueling station; d1 represents the average annual revenue of the hydrogen refueling station; d2 represents the average annual cost of hydrogen; d3 represents the average annual operating power consumption cost of the hydrogen refueling station; d4 represents the average annual operating and maintenance cost of the hydrogen refueling station; d5 represents the average annual fixed capital cost of the hydrogen refueling station; n1 is the average annual number of vehicles refueling at the hydrogen refueling station; m a c1 represents the average annual demand for hydrogen at hydrogen refueling stations; c2 represents the price of hydrogen refueling in yuan / kg; c3 represents the cost of hydrogen production in yuan / kg. The total power consumption of the hydrogen refueling station; t a c3 is the average annual operating time of the hydrogen refueling station; c3 is the electricity price of the hydrogen refueling station, in yuan / kW; m is the total mass of hydrogen inside all the hydrogen storage tanks of the cascaded hydrogen storage system when they are full; n2 is the average number of working cycles of the hydrogen refueling station per year; c4 is the operation and maintenance cost of one working cycle of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0061] Optionally, the decision variables of the genetic algorithm include P1, P2, P3, and V. L V M V H The constraints include the range of values ​​for P1, P2, and P3, and V. L V M V H The range of values ​​for P1, P2, and P3 is 35MPa to 95MPa, and P1 <P2<P3,V L V M V H The value range is 200L to 1100L.

[0062] Wherein, P1 represents the pressure level of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank; P2 represents the pressure level of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank; P3 represents the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; V L V represents the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank. M V represents the volume of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank. H This indicates the volume of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0063] Secondly, this invention proposes a hydrogen refueling station hydrogen filling and discharging optimization system based on an optimization algorithm. When the system is run by a computer, it executes the hydrogen filling and discharging optimization method based on the optimization algorithm described above.

[0064] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0065] This invention provides a method and system for optimizing hydrogen refueling station charging and discharging based on an optimization algorithm. Compared to traditional methods that only consider single refueling utilization or operating power consumption, this invention studies the relationship between the pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank and the refueling utilization and operating power consumption (including compression and cooling power consumption). It simultaneously considers the optimization of both refueling utilization and operating power consumption, employing a genetic algorithm to optimize the pressure level and volume parameters of the hydrogen storage tank. This results in the optimal pressure level and volume of the optimized hydrogen storage tank, enabling the hydrogen refueling station to achieve maximum annual profit, maximize refueling utilization, and minimize operating power consumption under these optimal pressure level and volume values. This provides a more comprehensive and better guide for hydrogen refueling station charging and discharging decisions. Furthermore, this invention is simple to use, simplifies the multi-objective optimization process, and is accurate and efficient, providing guidance for the optimization of charging and discharging decisions in actual operating hydrogen refueling stations. Attached Figure Description

[0066] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0067] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an optimization method for hydrogen refueling and discharging at a hydrogen refueling station based on an optimization algorithm, provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the optimization of hydrogen storage tanks in hydrogen refueling stations using the genetic optimization algorithm provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the changing trend of the ratio of the volume of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to the volume of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the refueling utilization rate provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 4 The P1 = 45 MPa and V provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention L =5m 3 P2 = 75 MPa, V M =5m 3 A graph showing the changing trend of high-pressure hydrogen storage tank volume and filling utilization rate under the premise of P3=75MPa;

[0071] Figure 5 This is a trend chart showing the variation of a single pressure level and refueling utilization rate of a hydrogen storage tank provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 6 The graph shows the trend of total power consumption under the premise that one pressure level is variable and the other two pressure levels are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 7 The graph shows the trend of total power consumption under the premise that the pressure levels of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank are variable and the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 8 The graph shows the trend of power consumption under the premise that the pressure level of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is variable and the pressure level of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the trend of power consumption under the premise that the pressure level of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank is variable and the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the trend of power consumption under the premise that the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is variable and the pressure levels of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0077] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0078] Current research indicates that the pressure level and volume of hydrogen storage tanks are crucial factors affecting refueling utilization and operating power consumption. Increasing the tank volume and pressure level improves refueling utilization but also leads to increased operating power consumption. Refueling utilization and operating power consumption are important components of the comprehensive optimization of hydrogen refueling stations, with the goal of maximizing refueling utilization and minimizing operating power consumption. However, a positive correlation exists between the two. Therefore, this invention studies the relationship between the pressure level and volume of hydrogen storage tanks and refueling utilization and operating power consumption. Considering the actual economic benefits of hydrogen refueling stations, such as refueling demand, maintenance and operation costs, and station revenue, a genetic optimization algorithm is used to determine the optimal pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank, achieving the highest annual profit for the hydrogen refueling station while maximizing refueling utilization and minimizing operating power consumption.

[0079] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for optimizing hydrogen refueling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on optimization algorithms. This involves constructing a model of the hydrogen refueling station to calculate the operating power consumption and refueling utilization rate of cascaded hydrogen storage tanks under different pressure levels and volumes. Furthermore, a profit function for the hydrogen refueling station is constructed, generating the relationship between the pressure level and volume of the cascaded hydrogen storage tanks and the profit objective function. A genetic algorithm is then used to optimize the decision variables, achieving the highest annual profit for the hydrogen refueling station while maximizing refueling utilization and minimizing operating power consumption, thereby determining the optimal pressure level and optimal volume of the cascaded hydrogen storage tanks.

[0080] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0081] Example 1:

[0082] This embodiment provides an optimization method for hydrogen refueling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm. The hydrogen refueling station includes a tubular trailer, a compressor, a cascaded hydrogen storage system, and a cooling system. The cascaded hydrogen storage system includes several hydrogen storage tanks, including a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. Each hydrogen refueling station typically includes at least one cascaded hydrogen storage system, i.e., three hydrogen storage tanks of different pressure levels: a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. The cascaded hydrogen storage system is used to store compressed hydrogen to supply hydrogen to the cylinders of fuel cell vehicles, avoiding frequent compressor start-stop cycles. When the hydrogen refueling station refuels, hydrogen is drawn from the tubular trailer into the compressor, pressurized by the compressor, and then stored in the hydrogen storage tanks. When the hydrogen refueling station injects hydrogen into a target vehicle, the hydrogen is transported from the hydrogen storage tanks to the cooling system, cooled by the cooling system, and then injected into the onboard hydrogen storage cylinder of the target vehicle according to a given hydrogen refueling strategy.

[0083] The optimized method for hydrogen refueling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0084] Step A1: Obtain the basic parameters of the hydrogen refueling station; the basic parameters of the hydrogen refueling station include the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, the basic parameters of the compressor, and the basic parameters of the cooling system.

[0085] The basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank include multiple individuals (individuals refer to random chromosome individuals in the genetic optimization algorithm, hereinafter referred to as individuals). Each individual includes at least the remaining pressure range and the volume range within the hydrogen storage tank. That is, each individual includes at least the pressure level of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the pressure level of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, as well as the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. The target of this invention for optimizing hydrogen refueling stations is the hydrogen storage tank equipment, specifically the pressure level and volume of the low-pressure, medium-pressure, and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The remaining pressure of a full hydrogen storage tank is the pressure level of the hydrogen storage tank, i.e., the initial pressure value. As the hydrogen is released from the storage tank, the remaining pressure decreases accordingly.

[0086] Step A2: Based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, calculate the hydrogen filling mass and filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual.

[0087] Step A3: Calculate the compression power consumption of the compressor based on the compressor's basic parameters.

[0088] Step A4: Calculate the cooling power consumption of the cooling system based on the basic parameters of the cooling system.

[0089] Step A5: Input the cooling power consumption of the cooling system, the compression power consumption of the compressor, and the hydrogen quality and utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank into the hydrogen refueling station profit objective function to obtain the profit of each individual hydrogen refueling station.

[0090] Step A6: Based on the profit of each individual hydrogen refueling station, iteratively optimize the remaining pressure and volume of the hydrogen storage tank. After reaching the required number of iterations, obtain the optimization result of the hydrogen storage tank. The optimization result of the hydrogen storage tank is used to determine the optimal pressure level and optimal volume value of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0091] In this embodiment, step A2 calculates the hydrogen refueling mass and refueling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank for each individual based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, specifically including:

[0092] Step A21: Calculate the amount of hydrogen to be added to the hydrogen storage tank for each individual based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0093] Step A22: Calculate the filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank for each individual based on the hydrogen mass and basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0094] In this embodiment, step A3 calculates the compression power consumption of the compressor based on the compressor's basic parameters, specifically including:

[0095] Step A31: Calculate the compressor outlet mass flow rate and compressor volumetric efficiency based on the compressor's basic parameters.

[0096] Step A32: Calculate the isentropic efficiency of the compressor based on the compressor volumetric efficiency.

[0097] Step A33: Calculate the compressor exhaust enthalpy based on the compressor's isentropic efficiency.

[0098] Step A34: Calculate the compression power consumption of the compressor based on the compressor discharge enthalpy and the compressor outlet mass flow rate.

[0099] In this embodiment, step A4 calculates the cooling power consumption of the cooling system based on the basic parameters of the cooling system, specifically including:

[0100] Step A41: Calculate the hydrogen cooling requirement of the hydrogen refueling station based on the basic parameters of the cooling system.

[0101] Step A42: Calculate the coefficient of performance of the cooling system based on the ambient temperature.

[0102] Step A43: Calculate the cooling power consumption of the cooling system based on the performance coefficient of the cooling system and the hydrogen cooling requirements of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0103] The implementation process of the present invention will be described in detail below:

[0104] This invention specifies that both the hydrogen storage tanks at hydrogen refueling stations and the onboard hydrogen storage cylinders in fuel cell vehicles use Type IV cylinders. The entire hydrogen refueling process is designed to be adiabatic. The hydrogen refueling station employs a cascaded hydrogen storage system, consisting of three hydrogen storage tanks with different pressure levels. The volumes of the low-pressure (LK), medium-pressure (MK), and high-pressure (HK) tanks are set to V, respectively. L V M V H The pressure levels of the low, medium, and high pressure hydrogen storage tanks are P1, P2, and P3, respectively, and the initial pressures of the low, medium, and high pressure hydrogen storage tanks are P... x P y P z Ambient temperature T a A cascaded hydrogen storage system is installed, and the hydrogen gas is cooled by a cooling system. L =T M =T H = -40℃, set the volume of the onboard hydrogen storage tank of the target vehicle (fuel cell vehicle) to be refueled to V. C Pressure rating: P C1The initial pressure is P C0 The target SOC is 95%.

[0105] 1) Set rules for refueling vehicle hydrogen storage cylinders.

[0106] During the hydrogen refueling process at a refueling station, the hydrogen pressure should be maintained higher than the pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage tank to ensure a continuous flow of gas. According to the SAE J2601 protocol, the average pressure ramp rate (APRR) is preset before hydrogen refueling begins and remains constant throughout the refueling process. The APRR is read from a table in the SAE J2601 protocol based on the ambient temperature and the initial pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage tank. For example, when the ambient temperature is 20°C and the initial pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage tank is 10 MPa, the APRR is 21.8 MPa / min.

[0107] Refueling Rules: After ensuring the vehicle is connected to the hydrogen refueling station, the hydrogen fuel delivery pipeline is first connected to the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank. When the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the vehicle's hydrogen storage cylinder is balanced, the system switches to the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank. When the pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the vehicle's hydrogen storage cylinder is balanced, the system switches to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. If the SOC of the hydrogen storage cylinder reaches 95%, refueling ends. If the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the vehicle's hydrogen storage cylinder is balanced and the SOC is <95%, the hydrogen refueling station has no more hydrogen to release. At this time, the hydrogen refueling station stops refueling and waits for the long-tube trailer to replenish the hydrogen.

[0108] For Type IV hydrogen storage tanks, State of Charge (SOC) is defined as the ratio of the hydrogen density at the point of hydrogen refueling to the density under reference conditions. For Type IV tanks, the reference conditions are 15°C and 70 MPa, and the SOC is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] In equation (1) ρ (70Mpa，15℃) The density of hydrogen gas at 15℃ and 70MPa; ρ C To determine the hydrogen density during hydrogenation, ρ is obtained by solving equation (1). C Substituting into equation (2), we obtain the target filling mass m. C Target filling quality m C This refers to the mass of hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen storage tank at the hydrogen refueling station to the target vehicle. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0111] m C =Vc×ρ C (2).

[0112] 2) Construct a vehicle hydrogen refueling model to calculate the hydrogen refueling quality and refueling utilization rate at hydrogen refueling stations.

[0113] Given a certain amount of hydrogen reserves, improving the refueling utilization rate can enhance the continuous refueling capacity of hydrogen refueling stations, meaning that the same amount of hydrogen can be used to refuel more vehicles at once, thereby reducing costs for consumers.

[0114] Hydrogen at low pressure is generally considered an ideal gas and can be described by the ideal gas equation of state. However, hydrogen at high pressure cannot be considered an ideal gas, therefore the ideal gas equation of state needs to be modified. According to the correction parameters for hydrogen provided by the NIST database, the real gas equation of state for hydrogen is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] Where α is a coefficient, α = 1.9155 × 10 -6 K / Pa; R g R is the gas constant of hydrogen. g = 4124.3 J / (kg·K); P is the gas pressure; V is the gas volume; T is the gas temperature.

[0117] When calculating the equilibrium pressure, it is assumed that the pressure inside the onboard hydrogen storage tank has a linear relationship with the amount of hydrogen added. During the refueling process, the mass of hydrogen added to the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is taken as m. x The residual pressure inside the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is P. L The remaining mass is m L Let m be the mass of hydrogen added to the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank. y The remaining pressure inside the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank is P. M The remaining mass is m M Let m be the mass of hydrogen added to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. z The remaining pressure inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is P. H The remaining mass is m H .

[0118] The refueling mass m of the cascaded hydrogen storage system under pressure balance is obtained from equations (4), (5), and (6). x m y m z .

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] In the formula P f The pressure after the on-board hydrogen storage tank is filled.

[0123] Further simplification of equations (4), (5), and (6) yields the following equation:

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Where a = P f αR g b = R g T M m C +P f V M +m x P f αR g -m L P f αR g .

[0128] c = m x P f V M -P f αR g m x m M -m C m M R g T M A = P f αR g .

[0129] B = R g T H m C +P f V H +P f αR(m x +m y -m H ), C = (m x +m y (P) f V H -P f αR g m H )-m C m H R g T H .

[0130] From equations (3), (7), (8), and (9), the calculation formula for the hydrogen refueling station utilization rate η can be obtained as follows:

[0131]

[0132] Where, mx m y m z These represent the hydrogen refueling mass of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; P L P M P H These represent the remaining pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the remaining pressure in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; m L m M m H These represent the remaining mass in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the remaining mass in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining mass in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; T L T M T H These represent the temperatures of hydrogen gas in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank after cooling by the cooling system, respectively; V L V M V H These represent the volumes of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; R g α is the hydrogen gas constant; m is a coefficient; C Target fill quality; η represents fill utilization rate; P f The pressure after the on-board hydrogen storage tank is filled.

[0133] 3) Construct a compressor power consumption model to calculate the power consumption required for the long-tube trailer to compress hydrogen into the hydrogen storage cylinder at the hydrogen refueling station.

[0134] After the refueling process is completed, the hydrogen refueling station awaits replenishment of hydrogen from the long-tube trailer. The hydrogen supplied from the long-tube trailer is pressurized by a gas compressor and then transported to the cascaded hydrogen storage tanks. The compressor first fills the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and then switches between storage tanks in descending pressure order. The main type of compressor used in hydrogen refueling stations is the reciprocating compressor; therefore, this invention considers the analysis of reciprocating compressors. The most important parameters in compressor modeling are the outlet mass flow rate and the actual operation of the compressor. The heat loss of a reciprocating compressor is typically 5% or less, and the compression process is assumed to be an isentropic adiabatic process.

[0135] Considering isentropic adiabatic conditions and mass conservation, the compressor outlet mass flow rate is given by the following formula:

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] In the formula ρ is the mass flow rate at the compressor outlet. in V is the density of the gas at the compressor inlet. cyln is the volume of the compression cylinder; n is the motor speed; η V For volumetric efficiency; P out P is the exhaust pressure; in This refers to the intake pressure.

[0139] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the compressor power consumption is as follows:

[0140]

[0141] In the formula For compressor power consumption; h in For intake specific enthalpy; h out This is the exhaust enthalpy.

[0142] Considering the isentropic adiabatic conditions of the compression process and the energy balance of the compressor, h out The results are obtained from equations (14) and (15):

[0143]

[0144]

[0145] In the formula h out,is η is the enthalpy during isentropic compression. is For isentropic efficiency; Equation (15) is in 1.1 <P out / P in Valid within the range of <5.

[0146] 4) Construct a model of temperature and pressure changes in the hydrogen storage tank and a power consumption model of the cooling system at the hydrogen refueling station, and calculate the cooling power consumption.

[0147] Considering that hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is a high-pressure gas, the real gas state equation of hydrogen (3) is used as the temperature and pressure change model of the hydrogen storage tank in the hydrogen refueling station.

[0148] From equation (3), it can be seen that during the hydrogen refueling process at the hydrogen refueling station, the temperature T inside the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder is... C With the pressure P inside the bottle C The temperature gradually increases. According to the SAE J2601 protocol, the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank should be less than 85°C. To achieve this safety limit, hydrogen is cooled to -40°C by a cooling system before being transported to the on-board storage tank. L =T M =T H = -40℃.

[0149] According to the energy conservation principle of the cooling system, the cooling requirement of a hydrogen refueling station is as follows:

[0150]

[0151] In the formula For hydrogen cooling requirements; h Co1 The specific enthalpy of hydrogen gas discharged from the cooling system; h Co2 The specific enthalpy of hydrogen entering the cooling system; The mass flow rate at the inlet of the onboard hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0152] The cooling power consumption of the cooling system is obtained from equation (16) as follows:

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] In the formula For cooling power consumption, T a The ambient temperature is denoted as COP, which is the coefficient of performance of the cooling system.

[0156] 5) Construct the profit objective function for hydrogen refueling stations.

[0157] The average annual revenue d1 of a hydrogen refueling station is:

[0158] m a =n1m C (19).

[0159] d1=m a c1 (20).

[0160] n1 represents the average number of vehicles refueling at hydrogen refueling stations annually; m a c1 represents the average annual demand for hydrogen at hydrogen refueling stations; c1 represents the price of hydrogen refueling, in yuan / kg.

[0161] The average annual cost of hydrogen, d2, is:

[0162]

[0163] c2 represents the cost of hydrogen production, expressed in yuan / kg.

[0164] The average annual operating power consumption cost d3 of a hydrogen refueling station is:

[0165]

[0166]

[0167] in, The total power consumption of the hydrogen refueling station; t a C3 represents the average annual operating hours of the hydrogen refueling station; C3 is the electricity price, in yuan / kW.

[0168] The average annual operating and maintenance cost d4 of a hydrogen refueling station is:

[0169]

[0170] d4 = n2c4 (25).

[0171] Where, m is the total mass of hydrogen inside the cascaded hydrogen storage tank when it is full; n2 is the number of annual operating cycles of the hydrogen refueling station, i.e., the number of times the compressor replenishes; c4 is the operation and maintenance cost of the hydrogen refueling station for one operating cycle.

[0172] The annual profit d of the hydrogen refueling station is:

[0173] d = d1 - d2 - d3 - d4 - d5 (26).

[0174] d5 is the annual fixed capital cost.

[0175] 6) Use the genetic optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0176] In the genetic optimization algorithm, the decision variables are the pressure levels P1, P2, P3 and volumes V L , V M , V H of the low, medium, and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The objective function is the annual profit d of the hydrogen refueling station in formula (26). The value ranges of the pressure levels P1, P2, P3 of the low, medium, and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks are 35 MPa to 95 MPa, and P1 < P2 < P3. The volume V L , V M , V H has a value range of 200 L to 1100 L.

[0177] The present invention optimizes the decision variables through the genetic algorithm to maximize the objective function of the annual profit of the hydrogen refueling station, determines the optimal pressure level and optimal volume of the cascaded hydrogen storage tank, so as to maximize the filling utilization rate and minimize the operating power consumption considering the profit of the hydrogen refueling station, and realizes the optimization of the pressure level and volume dimensions of the hydrogen storage tank equipment of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0178] Combined with the above calculation formulas, the operation process in the hydrogen refueling station optimization method of the present invention mainly includes:

[0179] Step 1) Calculate the target filling mass m according to formula (2) C .

[0180] Step 2) Establish the real gas state equation of hydrogen (3).

[0181] Step 3) According to the data and equations in Step 1) and Step 2), construct a vehicle hydrogen filling model, and calculate the filling mass m x , m y , m z of the cascaded hydrogen storage system.

[0182] Step 4) According to m obtained in Step 3 xm y m z The data is substituted into equation (10) to calculate the hydrogen refueling station utilization rate η.

[0183] Step 5) Calculate the compressor outlet mass flow rate according to equation (11).

[0184] Step 6) Calculate the compressor discharge ratio enthalpy h according to equations (14) and (15). out .

[0185] Step 7) Based on the results obtained in Step 5) and h obtained in step 6) out Data is used to construct a compressor power consumption model and calculate the compressor's power consumption.

[0186] Step 8) Based on the real gas state equation (3) for hydrogen established in Step 2), construct a temperature and pressure change model for the cascaded hydrogen storage tanks at the hydrogen refueling station, and obtain the hydrogen state parameters h inside the storage tanks. Co2 .

[0187] Step 9) Refer to the SAE J2601 protocol based on the initial pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank and the ambient temperature to obtain the average pressure ramp rate (APRR).

[0188] Step 10) Based on h obtained in step 8) Co2 Using the APRR obtained in step 9), construct a power consumption model for the cooling system and calculate the cooling power consumption of the cooling system.

[0189] Step 11) Based on the m obtained in Step 1), C η obtained in step 4), η obtained in step 7) And obtained in step 10) Construct the profit objective function d for hydrogen refueling stations.

[0190] Step 12) Based on the profit objective function d of the hydrogen refueling station constructed in Step 11), the pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank are optimized using a genetic optimization algorithm.

[0191] In this embodiment, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank equipment. The decision variables of the genetic algorithm include P1, P2, P3, and V. L V M V H The constraints include the range of values ​​for P1, P2, and P3, and V. L V M V H The range of values ​​for P1, P2, and P3 is 35MPa to 95MPa, and P1 <P2<P3,VL V M V H The value range is 200L to 1100L. Wherein, V L V represents the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank. M V represents the volume of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank. H P1 represents the volume of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; P2 represents the pressure level of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank; P3 represents the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. The optimization of the pressure levels of the low-pressure, medium-pressure, and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks refers to finding a set of optimal pressure values ​​for P1, P2, and P3 within the range of 35MPa to 95MPa, that is, what are the specific pressure values ​​of the low-pressure, medium-pressure, and high-pressure levels?

[0192] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps of the genetic optimization algorithm of this invention are as follows:

[0193] Step S1: Based on the pressure levels P1, P2, P3 and volume V of the low-pressure, medium-pressure, and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks... L V M V H Construct 25 random chromosomes, each chromosome being a sequence of real numbers of length 6, representing P1, P2, P3, V, etc. L V M V H Where P1, P2, and P3 range from 35 MPa to 95 MPa, and P1 <P2<P3;V L V M V H The value range is 200L to 1100L.

[0194] Step S2: Construct an initial population from the 25 random chromosomes obtained in step S1, and set the number of iterations.

[0195] Step S3: Substitute the 25 random chromosomes from step S1 into the objective function d for the profit of the hydrogen refueling station to obtain the fitness of each random chromosome. Here, the fitness of each random chromosome represents the profit value of the hydrogen refueling station corresponding to each individual chromosome.

[0196] Step S4: Use roulette wheel selection to select the 5 random chromosomes with the highest fitness values ​​from step S3.

[0197] Step S5: Take the 5 random chromosomes with the highest fitness values ​​from step S4, the 5 random chromosomes newly generated in step S1, the 10 crossover chromosomes obtained by crossing the 5 random chromosomes with the highest fitness values ​​from step S4 and the 5 random chromosomes newly generated in step S1, and the 5 mutated chromosomes obtained by mutating the 5 random chromosomes with the highest fitness values ​​from step S4 to construct the next population, until the number of iterations is completed.

[0198] Step S6: After completing the number of iterations in step S5, select the random chromosome with the highest fitness value in the last population, and output the decision variables P1, P2, P3, and V represented by this random chromosome. L V M V H By combining the objective function value of hydrogen refueling station profits, we can obtain the optimal pressure level and volume of the cascaded hydrogen storage tanks and maximize the profits of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0199] like Figure 3 As shown, the pressure stages P1, P2, P3 and the volume V of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank are obtained according to equation (10). L The graph showing the trend of the ratio of the volume of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to the volume of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the refueling utilization rate, assuming a constant value. Figure 4 The P1 = 45 MPa and V provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention L =5m 3 P2 = 75 MPa, V M =5m 3 A graph showing the changing trend of high-pressure hydrogen storage tank volume and filling utilization rate under the premise of P3=75MPa; Figure 5 This is a trend chart showing the variation of a single pressure level and refueling utilization rate of a hydrogen storage tank provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0200] Figure 6 The graph shows the trend of total power consumption under the premise that one pressure level is variable and the other two pressure levels are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 7 The graph shows the trend of total power consumption under the premise that the pressure levels of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank are variable and the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 8 The graph shows the trend of power consumption under the premise that the pressure level of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is variable and the pressure level of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a graph showing the trend of power consumption under the premise that the pressure level of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank is variable and the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a graph showing the trend of power consumption under the premise that the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is variable and the pressure levels of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank are fixed, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0201] As can be clearly seen from the above figure, there is a positive correlation between refueling utilization rate and operating power consumption during the hydrogen refueling station's charging and discharging process. It is necessary to consider the impact of their shared driving factors on refueling utilization rate and operating power consumption to guide the optimization of hydrogen refueling station charging and discharging decisions. This invention studies the relationship between the pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank and refueling utilization rate and operating power consumption, simultaneously considering the optimization of both. Compared to considering only a single refueling utilization rate or operating power consumption, this invention has the advantage of being more comprehensive and better guiding hydrogen refueling station charging and discharging decisions. Furthermore, this invention considers the actual economic benefits of hydrogen refueling station operations, such as refueling demand, maintenance and operation costs, and station revenue. It transforms the multi-objective optimization of refueling utilization rate and operating power consumption into a single objective of optimizing the annual average profit of the hydrogen refueling station. A genetic optimization algorithm is used to determine the optimal pressure level and volume of the hydrogen storage tank, maximizing refueling utilization rate and minimizing operating power consumption while maximizing the annual profit of the hydrogen refueling station. This invention is simple and easy to use, simplifies the multi-objective optimization process, is accurate and efficient, and has guiding significance for optimizing the charging and discharging decisions of actual operating hydrogen refueling stations.

[0202] Example 2:

[0203] This embodiment provides a hydrogen refueling station hydrogen filling and discharging optimization system based on an optimization algorithm. When the system is run by a computer, it executes a hydrogen refueling station hydrogen filling and discharging optimization method based on an optimization algorithm as described in Embodiment 1.

[0204] Specific examples are used in this article, but the above description is only to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the various modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented using general-purpose computer devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, and thus, they can be stored in a storage device for execution by a computer device, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0205] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the principles of this invention, there will be variations in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing hydrogen refueling and discharging at a hydrogen refueling station based on an optimization algorithm, wherein the hydrogen refueling station includes a tubular trailer, a compressor, a cascaded hydrogen storage system, and a cooling system; the cascaded hydrogen storage system includes several hydrogen storage tanks, including a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; when the hydrogen refueling station refuels with hydrogen, hydrogen is drawn from the tubular trailer into the compressor, pressurized by the compressor, and stored in the hydrogen storage tanks; when the hydrogen refueling station injects hydrogen into a target vehicle to be refueled, the hydrogen is transported from the hydrogen storage tanks to the cooling system, cooled by the cooling system, and then injected into the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder of the target vehicle; characterized in that, The optimized method for hydrogen refueling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations includes: Obtain the basic parameters of the hydrogen refueling station; the basic parameters of the hydrogen refueling station include the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, the basic parameters of the compressor, and the basic parameters of the cooling system; the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank include multiple individual parameters; each individual parameter includes at least the remaining pressure range and the volume range of the hydrogen storage tank. Based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, calculate the hydrogen filling mass and filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual. Calculate the compression power consumption of the compressor based on the compressor's basic parameters; Calculate the cooling power consumption of the cooling system based on the basic parameters of the cooling system; The cooling power consumption of the cooling system, the compression power consumption of the compressor, and the hydrogen quality and utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank are input into the hydrogen refueling station profit objective function to obtain the profit of each individual hydrogen refueling station. The expression for the profit objective function of the hydrogen refueling station is: ； ； ； ； ； ； ； in, d This indicates the average annual profit of a hydrogen refueling station; d 1 represents the average annual revenue of a hydrogen refueling station; d 2 represents the average annual cost of hydrogen; d 3 represents the average annual operating power consumption cost of a hydrogen refueling station; d 4 represents the average annual cost of operating and maintaining a hydrogen refueling station; d 5 represents the average annual fixed capital cost of a hydrogen refueling station; The average number of vehicles refueling at hydrogen refueling stations per year; The average annual hydrogen refueling demand at hydrogen refueling stations; The price is for hydrogenation, expressed in yuan / kg. The cost of hydrogen production is expressed in yuan / kg. Fill the target mass; η Indicates the refueling utilization rate; This represents the total power consumption of the hydrogen refueling station. This refers to the average annual operating hours of a hydrogen refueling station. The electricity price for hydrogen refueling stations is expressed in yuan / kW. The total mass of hydrogen gas inside all hydrogen storage tanks of the cascaded hydrogen storage system when they are full. This refers to the average number of working cycles per year for a hydrogen refueling station; The operating and maintenance costs for one working cycle of a hydrogen refueling station; Based on the profit of each individual hydrogen refueling station, a genetic algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the remaining pressure and volume of the hydrogen storage tank. After reaching the required number of iterations, the optimization result of the hydrogen storage tank is obtained. The optimization result of the hydrogen storage tank is used to determine the optimal pressure level and optimal volume value of the hydrogen storage tank.

2. The method for optimizing hydrogen filling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen refueling mass and refueling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual are calculated, specifically including: Based on the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, calculate the amount of hydrogen to be added to the hydrogen storage tank for each individual. Based on the hydrogen mass added to the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual and the basic parameters of the hydrogen storage tank, the filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to each individual is calculated.

3. The method for optimizing hydrogen charging and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the mass of hydrogen gas added to the hydrogen storage tank is as follows: ； ； ； in, , ; ， ； ， ； The formula for calculating the filling utilization rate of the hydrogen storage tank is as follows: ； Where, m x m y m z These represent the hydrogen refueling mass of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; P L P M P H These represent the remaining pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the remaining pressure in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; m L m M m H These represent the remaining mass in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the remaining mass in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining mass in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; T L T M T H These represent the temperatures of hydrogen gas in the low-pressure storage tank, the medium-pressure storage tank, and the high-pressure storage tank after cooling, respectively; V L V M V H These represent the volumes of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, respectively; R g The gas constant for hydrogen; For coefficients; The pressure after the on-board hydrogen storage tank is filled.

4. The method for optimizing hydrogen filling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the compressor's basic parameters, the compressor's compression power consumption is calculated, specifically including: Based on the compressor's basic parameters, calculate the compressor outlet mass flow rate and compressor volumetric efficiency; Calculate the isentropic efficiency of the compressor based on the compressor volumetric efficiency. Calculate the compressor discharge enthalpy based on the compressor's isentropic efficiency; The compression power consumption of the compressor is calculated based on the compressor discharge specific enthalpy and the compressor outlet mass flow rate.

5. The method for optimizing hydrogen charging and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the compressor outlet mass flow rate is: ； The formula for calculating the volumetric efficiency of the compressor is: ； The formula for calculating the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is: ； The formula for calculating the specific enthalpy of the compressor discharge is: ； The formula for calculating the compression power consumption of the compressor is: ； in, This refers to the compressor outlet mass flow rate. The density of the gas at the compressor inlet; This refers to the volume of the compression cylinder; This refers to the motor speed; For volumetric efficiency; This refers to the exhaust pressure; This refers to the intake pressure. This refers to the compression power consumption of the compressor. For intake specific enthalpy; The specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas; The enthalpy during isentropic compression; This refers to the isentropic efficiency of the compressor.

6. The method for optimizing hydrogen charging and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the basic parameters of the cooling system, the cooling power consumption of the cooling system is calculated, specifically including: Based on the basic parameters of the cooling system, calculate the hydrogen cooling requirements of the hydrogen refueling station; Calculate the coefficient of performance of the cooling system based on the ambient temperature; The cooling power consumption of the cooling system is calculated based on the performance coefficient of the cooling system and the hydrogen cooling requirements of the hydrogen refueling station.

7. The method for optimizing hydrogen filling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm according to claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the hydrogen cooling requirement of the hydrogen refueling station is as follows: ； The formula for calculating the performance coefficient of the cooling system is as follows: ； The formula for calculating the cooling power consumption of the cooling system is as follows: ； in, For hydrogen cooling requirements; To reduce the specific enthalpy of hydrogen gas discharged from the cooling system; The specific enthalpy of hydrogen entering the cooling system; The mass flow rate at the inlet of the on-board hydrogen storage cylinder; For cooling power consumption; Ambient temperature; This represents the coefficient of performance (COP) of the cooling system.

8. The method for optimizing hydrogen filling and discharging at hydrogen refueling stations based on an optimization algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decision variables of the genetic algorithm include P1, P2, P3, and V. L V M V H The constraints include the range of values ​​for P1, P2, and P3, and V. L V M V H The range of values ​​for P1, P2, and P3 is 35MPa to 95MPa, and P1 <P2<P3,V L V M V H The value range is 200L~1100L; Wherein, P1 represents the pressure level of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank; P2 represents the pressure level of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank; P3 represents the pressure level of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; V L V represents the volume of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank. M V represents the volume of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage tank. H This indicates the volume of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

9. A hydrogen refueling station hydrogen charging and discharging optimization system based on an optimization algorithm, characterized in that, When the system is run by a computer, it executes a hydrogen refueling station hydrogen filling and discharging optimization method based on an optimization algorithm as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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