A chemically regulated biomimetic nociceptive sensory system and method of making the same

Abstract

The application provides a chemically regulated biomimetic nociceptive system, comprising: a liquid crystal-based chemical substance releasing system, comprising a PDMS mold and a homogeneous solution, wherein the homogeneous solution comprises liquid crystals and microdroplets, and the microdroplets comprise chemical substances and surfactants; an organic transistor-based synapse device, wherein the chemical substance releasing system is arranged on the synapse device, and the release of the chemical substances in the microdroplets causes a change in the current in the synapse device to simulate the enhancement or inhibition of pain; an operational amplifier connected to the synapse device and used for amplifying the output current of the synapse device; and a heating coil used for receiving the output current of the operational amplifier and heating the liquid crystals in the homogeneous solution to a threshold value. The application also provides a preparation method of the chemically regulated biomimetic nociceptive system. The chemically regulated biomimetic nociceptive system has the advantages of chemical perception, regulation function and controllable release of chemical substances, and provides a new technology for the development of a biomimetic sensory system based on chemical signal transmission and regulation and further human-computer interaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of semiconductor devices, specifically relating to a chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The human pain system comprises pain receptors, afferent nerves, the central nervous system, and descending pain modulation systems. It possesses complex functions such as sensation, processing, memory, and pain modulation. Pain modulation within this system is crucial for environmental adaptation, pain management, and the perception and response to potential threats. Afferent nerves transmit pain perceived by nociceptors to the central nervous system. Two types of pain afferent fibers, A-δ fibers (rapid, short-term pain) and C fibers (slow, chronic pain), are further modulated by the descending pain modulation system. This system releases neurotransmitters, modulates the transmission of pain signals, and enhances or inhibits pain through top-down modulation. This adaptive pain perception can enhance the perception of weak stimuli to prevent injury, while also inhibiting pain to aid recovery and reduce drug dependence.

[0003] Neurotransmitter transmission, sensory modulation, and the basic functions of sensation, processing, and memory are essential for the next generation of bionic sensory systems.

[0004] In biological systems, human sensory neurons primarily rely on chemical signal transmission and utilize neurotransmitters for self-regulation, thereby adapting to different environments.

[0005] In the field of biomimetic sensing, although individual neuromorphic devices (such as synaptic transistors and memristors) have achieved the perception of multiple physical signals, realizing neurotransmitter transmission and regulation is a necessary condition for devices to achieve deeper interaction with the human body. This is mainly due to the following limitations: current sensing systems perceive more physical signals, and there are few reports of devices that can perceive and regulate chemical signals; it is difficult to achieve controllable release of chemical substances within the system. Traditional stimulus-response release systems, including polymers and phospholipid bilayers, release chemical droplets or microparticles through melting or degradation induced by external stimuli. Once started, they cannot be shut off to stop the release, which cannot achieve good regulation and deviates greatly from the neurotransmitter release model of the human body.

[0006] Therefore, developing a biomimetic injury sensing system that combines chemical sensing, regulation, and controlled release of chemical substances is fundamentally challenging. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention is made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system and its preparation method.

[0008] This invention provides a chemically modulated biomimetic injury sensing system, characterized by comprising: a liquid crystal-based chemical release system comprising a PDMS mold and a homogeneous solution, wherein the homogeneous solution contains liquid crystal and microdroplets, and the microdroplets contain chemical substances and surfactants; an organic transistor-based synaptic device, on which the chemical release system is disposed, wherein the release of chemical substances from the microdroplets causes a change in current within the synaptic device to simulate the enhancement or inhibition of pain; an operational amplifier connected to the synaptic device for amplifying the output current of the synaptic device; and a heating coil for receiving the output current of the operational amplifier and heating the liquid crystal in the homogeneous solution to a threshold temperature.

[0009] The chemically modulated biomimetic injury sensing system provided by this invention may also have the following features: the synaptic device includes: a substrate, serving as a support layer for the synaptic device; a source-drain-gate electrode, disposed on the substrate, serving as the working electrode of the synaptic device and providing it with a driving voltage, comprising a source, a drain, and a gate, the drain being connected to an operational amplifier; a semiconductor layer, disposed on the substrate, the source, and the drain, used to connect the source and the drain to serve as a channel in the source-drain-gate electrode circuit, the conductivity of which is changed by applying a voltage to the gate to alter the surface and bulk ion doping, thereby changing the current magnitude of the channel between the source and the drain; and an electrolyte layer, disposed on the substrate and the semiconductor layer, driven by the gate voltage to cause internal ions to migrate, distribute, and dopant to the surface of the semiconductor layer to change the channel conductivity.

[0010] The chemically modulated biomimetic injury sensing system provided by this invention may also have the following features: the substrate is a non-conductive transparent material, including any one of inorganic materials, organic materials, or polymeric materials; the semiconductor layer is composed of a conjugated polymer organic semiconductor containing alkyl side chains, including DPPDTT, PDPP4T, P3HT, and / or Pg(2T-T), with a concentration of 1-5 mg / ml and a thickness of 20-500 nm; the channel length is 20 μm-1 mm; the source, drain, and gate electrodes are made of conductive metals, conductive alloys, conductive metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and / or PEDOT:PSS, with a thickness of 20-100 nm; and the electrolyte layer contains an electrolyte, which includes deionized water, NaCl solution, KCl solution, and / or PBS solution.

[0011] The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system provided by this invention may also have the following features: wherein the volume ratio of microdroplets to liquid crystal is (0.1-3):10, the liquid crystal is a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal, including any one of 5CB, E7 or Y6, used to encapsulate microdroplets in the liquid crystal phase to form a homogeneous solution with an "oil-in-water" structure.

[0012] The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system provided by this invention may also have the following features: a PDMS mold is bonded to a substrate, the PDMS mold includes an electrolyte frame and several homogeneous liquid crystal frames, both the electrolyte frame and the homogeneous liquid crystal frames are vertically connected frame structures, tightly bonded to the same side of the substrate, forming an upward-opening electrolyte tank and a homogeneous liquid crystal tank with the substrate respectively, the height of the homogeneous liquid crystal tank is lower than that of the electrolyte tank and both are disposed inside it, the homogeneous solution is placed in several homogeneous liquid crystal tanks, the electrolyte layer is placed on the substrate and the semiconductor layer and is located inside the electrolyte tank and submerges the homogeneous liquid crystal tanks, when the homogeneous solution is heated, the liquid crystal therein changes from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase to release the chemical substances in the encapsulated microdroplets into the electrolyte layer, the heating method includes direct heating, Joule heating and / or photothermal effect.

[0013] The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the gate and the semiconductor layer serving as a channel for connecting the source and the drain are both located on the substrate and inside the electrolyte tank. Applying a gate voltage to stimulate the current change in the channel between the source and the drain causes different current changes and holding times in the channel between the source and the drain caused by different concentrations of chemical substances in the electrolyte layer.

[0014] The chemically regulated bionic injury sensing system provided by this invention may also have the following features: wherein the heating coil is electrically connected to the source drain gate electrode and is located below the homogeneous liquid crystal cell and is used to heat the homogeneous solution; the chemically regulated bionic injury sensing system has a feedback regulation function; the current of the drain electrode is output to the heating coil through an operational amplifier; after reaching a threshold, the heating coil triggers a liquid crystal phase transition to release the chemical substances in the microdroplets encapsulated inside, thereby affecting the current between the source and drain electrodes and enhancing or inhibiting pain sensation.

[0015] The chemically modulated biomimetic injury sensing system provided by this invention may also have the following feature: wherein the chemical substance includes Na. + K + Ca 2+ And / or dopamine, the surfactant being any one of sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, the surfactant concentration being 1–9 mmol / L.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a chemically regulated bionic injury sensing system, characterized in that: the method for preparing the chemically regulated bionic injury sensing system of any of the above includes the following steps: Step 1, on a substrate, source, drain, and gate electrodes are prepared using a high-precision template formed after exposure of positive photoresist, and then the substrate surface is treated with oxygen plasma, and then a semiconductor solution is spin-coated onto the substrate, source, and drain as a channel for the source and drain, and then annealed;

[0017] Step 2: Cut out the required through-hole electrolyte frame and several homogeneous liquid crystal frames from the cured PDMS mold, and then glue them to the same surface of the substrate to form an electrolyte tank with the opening facing upwards and several homogeneous liquid crystal tanks.

[0018] Among them, the height of the homogeneous liquid crystal tank is lower than that of the electrolyte tank and they are all located inside it;

[0019] Step 3: Mix the liquid crystal and microdroplets to form a homogeneous solution and pour it into the homogeneous liquid crystal tank. Pour the electrolyte into the electrolyte tank and submerge the homogeneous solution in the electrolyte.

[0020] Step four: Connect the source electrode to the power supply and the drain electrode to the operational amplifier to amplify the output current and drive the liquid crystal in the feedback loop to release.

[0021] The method for preparing the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system provided by this invention may also have the following features: In step one, the source, drain, and gate electrodes are prepared by spin coating or vapor deposition; the oxygen plasma treatment includes plasma cleaning and ozone cleaning; the spin coating speed of the semiconductor solution on the substrate is 800-3000 r / min; the spin coating time is 10-60 s; and the annealing conditions are annealing at 100-140℃ for 30-60 min in a glove box hot stage.

[0022] The role and effect of invention

[0023] According to the present invention, a chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system comprises: a liquid crystal-based chemical substance release system, including a PDMS mold and a homogeneous solution, wherein the homogeneous solution contains liquid crystal and microdroplets, and the microdroplets contain chemical substances and surfactants; an organic transistor-based synaptic device, on which the chemical substance release system is disposed, wherein the release of chemical substances from the microdroplets causes a change in current within the synaptic device to simulate the enhancement or inhibition of pain; an operational amplifier connected to the synaptic device for amplifying the output current of the synaptic device; and a heating coil for receiving the output current of the operational amplifier and heating the liquid crystal in the homogeneous solution to a threshold temperature. Therefore, the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system of the present invention combines the advantages of chemical sensing, regulation, and controllable release of chemical substances. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the structure of the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the source, drain, and gate electrodes in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a digital photograph of a liquid crystal containing microdroplets in the chemical substance release system of Embodiment 1 or 3 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This refers to the change in excitatory postsynaptic current of the synaptic device in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This refers to the change in excitatory postsynaptic current of volatile and non-volatile gates in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This refers to the change in excitatory postsynaptic current of the synaptic device in a solution with and without dopamine in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the release principle of the liquid crystal containing microdroplets in the chemical substance release system of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This refers to the mass of chemical substances released multiple times in the chemical substance release system of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This refers to the pain sensation changes before and after the release of sodium ions in the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 This refers to the pain sensation changes before and after the release of dopamine in the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensory system in Example 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the following embodiments, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specifically illustrate a chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system and its preparation method.

[0036] <Example 1>

[0037] This embodiment provides a chemically modulated biomimetic injury sensing system and its preparation method.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the structure of the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the source, drain, and gate electrodes in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4This is a digital photograph of a liquid crystal containing microdroplets in the chemical release system of Embodiment 1 or 3 of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system 100 includes a chemical release system A, a synaptic device B, a heating coil C, and an operational amplifier (not shown in the figure).

[0040] Chemical substance release system A is disposed on synaptic device B. Chemical substance release system A includes homogeneous solution 10 and PDMS mold 20.

[0041] The homogeneous solution 10 contains liquid crystal 11 and microdroplets 12.

[0042] Microdroplets 12 contain chemicals and surfactants, including Na. + K + Ca 2+ and / or dopamine (Na2PO4 is used in this example) + (and dopamine), the surfactant includes any one of sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in this example), and the concentration of the surfactant is 1 to 9 mmol / L (9 mmol / L is used in this example).

[0043] The liquid crystal 11 is a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal, which is any one of 5CB, E7 or Y6 (5CB is selected in this embodiment), and is used to encapsulate the microdroplets 12 in the phase of the liquid crystal 11 to form a "water-in-oil" structure. The volume ratio of the liquid crystal 11 to the microdroplets 12 is 10:(0.1~3) (the volume ratio in this embodiment is 10:2).

[0044] The PDMS mold 20 includes an electrolyte frame 21 and two homogeneous liquid crystal frames 22, both of which are vertically continuous frame structures and are mounted on the synaptic device B.

[0045] Synaptic device B includes a substrate 30, source / drain / gate electrodes 40, a semiconductor layer 50, and an electrolyte layer (not shown in the figure). The release of chemicals from microdroplets 12 causes changes in the current within synaptic device B to simulate the enhancement or inhibition of pain.

[0046] The substrate 30 is a non-conductive transparent material, including any one of inorganic, organic or polymeric materials. It can be a glass substrate, quartz substrate, silicon substrate, PET substrate or PI substrate (in this example, a silicon substrate with a silicon dioxide layer) as the support layer for the synaptic device B.

[0047] The electrolyte frame 21 and the two homogeneous liquid crystal frames 22 are tightly bonded to the same surface of the substrate 30, forming an upward-opening electrolyte tank and a homogeneous liquid crystal tank with the substrate 30, respectively. The height of the homogeneous liquid crystal tank is lower than that of the electrolyte tank and they are all disposed inside it. The homogeneous solution 10 is placed in several homogeneous liquid crystal tanks.

[0048] The source-drain-gate electrode 40 is made of conductive metal, conductive alloy, conductive metal oxide, carbon nanotube and / or PEDOT:PSS (chromium gold is selected from conductive metals in this embodiment). The thickness of the source-drain-gate electrode is 20-100nm (100nm in this embodiment). The source-drain-gate electrode 40 is disposed on the substrate 30 and serves as the working electrode of the synaptic device B to provide it with a driving voltage. The source-drain-gate electrode 40 includes a source S, a drain D and a gate G.

[0049] The semiconductor layer 50 is composed of a conjugated polymer organic semiconductor containing alkyl side chains, including DPPDTT, PDPP4T, P3HT and / or Pg(2T-T) (Pg(2T-T) is selected in this embodiment), with a concentration of 1 to 5 mg / ml (3 mg / ml in this embodiment) and a thickness of 20 to 500 nm (50 nm in this embodiment). The semiconductor layer 50 is placed on the substrate 30, the source S and the drain D as a channel in the source-drain-gate electrode 40 circuit to connect the source S and the drain D. The length of the channel is 20 μm to 1 mm (250 μm in this embodiment). The conductivity is changed by applying a voltage to the gate G to change the surface and bulk ion doping, thereby changing the current magnitude of the channel between the source S and the drain D.

[0050] The electrolyte layer (not shown in the figure) contains an electrolyte, which includes deionized water, NaCl solution, KCl solution, and / or PBS solution (PBS solution and deionized water in this embodiment). The electrolyte layer is placed on the substrate 30 and the semiconductor layer 50, located inside the electrolyte tank, and submerges the homogenized liquid crystal tank. Driven by the gate voltage G, the electrolyte layer causes internal ions to migrate, distribute, and dope to the surface of the semiconductor layer 50 to change the channel conductivity.

[0051] When the homogeneous solution 10 is heated, the liquid crystal 11 therein transforms from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase, releasing the chemical substances (dopamine in this embodiment) from the microdroplets 12 it encapsulates into the electrolyte layer. The heating methods include direct heating, Joule heating, and / or photothermal effects (direct heating is used in this embodiment).

[0052] The gate G and the semiconductor layer 50, which serves as a channel for connecting the source S to the drain D, are both located on the substrate 30 and inside the electrolyte tank. Applying a voltage to the gate G stimulates a change in the current of the channel between the source S and the drain D. The current change and holding time of the channel vary depending on the concentration of chemicals in the electrolyte layer.

[0053] The heating coil C is electrically connected to the source / drain gate electrode 40 and is located below the homogeneous liquid crystal cell, and is used to heat the homogeneous solution 10.

[0054] An operational amplifier (not shown in the diagram) is connected to the drain electrode D and is used to amplify the output current of the synaptic device B.

[0055] The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system 100 has a feedback regulation function. The current of the drain D of the source-drain-gate electrode 40 of the synaptic device B is output to the heating coil C through an operational amplifier. After reaching the threshold, the heating coil C triggers the phase transition of the liquid crystal 11 to release the chemical substances (dopamine in this embodiment) in the microdroplets 12 encapsulated inside, thereby affecting the current changes of the source S and drain D of the source-drain-gate electrode 40, enhancing or inhibiting pain sensation.

[0056] A method for preparing a chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system, used to prepare such as Figure 1-4 The chemically modulated biomimetic injury sensing system 100 shown includes the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Spin-coat AZ5214 photoresist at 3000 rpm for 60 seconds onto a clean silicon substrate with a silica coating. Then heat on a 90°C hot stage for 1 minute. After cooling, place the substrate under the photomask of the lithography machine and irradiate with 365nm ultraviolet light for 10 seconds. Develop with developer and deionized water for 60 seconds and 30 seconds respectively, then dry with an air gun. Finally, deposit chromium gold using a vapor deposition method under high vacuum (<1×10⁻⁶). 3 Pa) chromium 8nm and gold 35nm were deposited by vapor deposition. Then, the silicon substrate containing the electrodes was placed in acetone, sonicated for 2 minutes, and rinsed with ethanol. After that, it was dried with a nitrogen gun to obtain patterned source-drain-gate electrodes 40. Then, the surface of the substrate 30 with electrodes was subjected to plasma cleaning and ozone cleaning.

[0058] A 3 mg / ml Pg(2T-T) solution was mixed with dopant TrTPFB at a mass ratio of 100:30 to form a mixed solution. 100 μL of the homogeneous solution was spin-coated onto substrate 30, source S, and drain D. The spin-coating speed was 800 rpm and the spin-coating time was 1 min. Then, it was placed in a glove box and heated to 100 degrees Celsius for annealing for 30 min to form a semiconductor layer, which serves as a channel connecting source S and drain D. The aspect ratio of the channel is 10:1.

[0059] Step 2: Cut out the required through-hole electrolyte frame 21 and several homogeneous liquid crystal frames 22 from the cured PDMS mold 20, and then bond them to the same surface of the substrate 30 to form an electrolyte tank with the opening facing upward and several homogeneous liquid crystal tanks. The height of the homogeneous liquid crystal tanks is lower than that of the electrolyte tank and they are all set inside it.

[0060] Step 3: Mix liquid crystal 11 and microdroplets 12 in a ratio of 10:2 to form a homogeneous solution 10 and pour it into a homogeneous liquid crystal tank. Pour PBS solution and deionized water as electrolyte layer into the electrolyte tank and submerge the homogeneous solution.

[0061] Step four: Connect the source S to the power supply and the drain D to the operational amplifier to amplify the output current and drive the liquid crystal 11 in the feedback loop to release.

[0062] <Example 2>

[0063] This embodiment is based on <Example 1> to perform performance testing on synaptic device B.

[0064] The performance of the synaptic device B provided in Example 1 was tested. Different concentrations of sodium ions and dopamine were added to the electrolyte layer to study the effect of chemical substances on the plasticity of the synaptic device B and to demonstrate the device's ability to sense different chemical substances.

[0065] The performance testing method is as follows: under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions, the corresponding tests are performed using the (PDAFs-Pro) semiconductor tester and probe station.

[0066] Figure 5 This refers to the change in excitatory postsynaptic current of the synaptic device in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 6 This refers to the change in excitatory postsynaptic current of volatile and non-volatile gates in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0067] like Figure 5-6 As shown, in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations (including 1mM, 10mM, 50mM, and 100mM), using a -1V, 100ms voltage pulse as the stimulation signal, the postsynaptic current showed significant differences for sodium ions of different concentrations.

[0068] Figure 7 This refers to the change in excitatory postsynaptic current of the synaptic device in a solution with and without dopamine in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0069] like Figure 7 As shown, for volatile gates, dopamine significantly reduces excitatory postsynaptic currents; for non-volatile gates, dopamine significantly reduces the retention time of excitatory postsynaptic currents, reflecting the transition of the device from long-term to short-term plasticity. Figure 7 As can be seen from the above, the synaptic device B prepared by the present invention can regulate synaptic properties through dopamine.

[0070] <Example 3>

[0071] This embodiment is based on <Example 1> and performs a chemical release test on chemical release system A.

[0072] Figure 4 This is a digital photograph of a liquid crystal containing microdroplets in the chemical substance release system of Embodiment 1 or 3 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the release principle of the liquid crystal containing microdroplets in the chemical substance release system of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0073] like Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, after heating above the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal 11, the liquid crystal 11 gradually transitions from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase. The interface between the nematic and isotropic phases pushes the microdroplets 12 to overcome the elastic force of the liquid crystal 11 and escape from the bulk phase of the liquid crystal 11. With the occurrence of multiple phase transitions, the microdroplets 12 in the liquid crystal 11 are gradually released into the electrolyte layer. Figure 8 The process of liquid crystal continuously releasing liquid crystal was visualized using a tracer. The release process of microdroplets 12 containing tracer embedded in liquid crystal 11 was shown. When heated to 90 degrees on a hot stage, microdroplets 12 were continuously released into the electrolyte layer, and the transparent water was slowly stained with the color of the tracer.

[0074] Figure 9 It refers to the mass of chemical substances released multiple times in the chemical substance release system of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0075] like Figure 9 As shown, the chemical release system A was heated to 90 degrees on a hot stage for 5 minutes and then removed and left to stand for 3 minutes. The solution in the aqueous phase was taken, and the mass of release was obtained by measuring the absorbance using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. This demonstrated the linear release of microdroplets 12 in the liquid crystal-based chemical release system A.

[0076] <Example 4>

[0077] This embodiment modulates the synaptic properties of the chemically regulated biomimetic nociceptive system 100 to simulate pain, based on <Example 1>. The testing process is as follows:

[0078] A continuous voltage pulse of -1V is applied to both volatile and non-volatile gates as a stimulation signal. The liquid crystal is heated by direct heating or Joule heating to drive the release of microdroplets containing chemical substances.

[0079] Figure 10 This refers to the pain sensation changes before and after the release of sodium ions in the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system in Example 4 of the present invention; Figure 11 This refers to the pain sensation changes before and after the release of dopamine in the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensory system in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 10After sodium ions are released twice, the pain sensation continues to intensify. Figure 11 In the liquid crystal, the release of sodium ions inhibits pain sensation, and the pain subsides rapidly, demonstrating that the chemical substances released in the liquid crystal modulate pain sensation in synaptic devices.

[0081] The role and effect of the embodiments

[0082] Example 1 of this invention details a method for preparing a chemically regulated biomimetic nociceptive system; Example 2, based on Example 1, performs performance testing on a synaptic device, demonstrating that the prepared synaptic device can sense different concentrations of ions and dopamine, and adjust its synaptic characteristics to simulate pain; Example 3, based on Example 1, performs chemical release testing on a chemical release system, showing that compared to traditional response release systems such as polymers and phospholipid bilayers, this system exhibits good linearity and excellent controllability in its release, similar to the process of neurotransmitter release at biological synapses; Example 4, based on Example 1, adjusts the synaptic characteristics of the chemically regulated biomimetic nociceptive system to simulate pain. This system can release chemical substances through liquid crystals to regulate pain perception, achieving both pain enhancement and inhibition.

[0083] Since the entire system operates entirely in the aqueous phase, it is easier to integrate with the biological environment and has enormous development potential in future deeper human-computer interaction and human-computer interfaces.

[0084] Those skilled in the art should understand that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system, characterized in that, include: A liquid crystal-based chemical release system includes a PDMS mold and a homogeneous solution, wherein the homogeneous solution contains liquid crystal and microdroplets, and the microdroplets contain chemical substances and surfactants; A synaptic device based on organic transistors, wherein a chemical release system is disposed on the synaptic device, and the release of a chemical substance from the microdroplet causes a change in the current within the synaptic device to simulate the enhancement or inhibition of pain. An operational amplifier, connected to the synaptic device, is used to amplify the output current of the synaptic device; and A heating coil is used to receive the output current of the operational amplifier and heat the liquid crystal in the homogeneous solution to a threshold.

2. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 1, Its features are: in, The synaptic device includes: The substrate serves as a support layer for the synaptic device; A source-drain-gate electrode is disposed on the substrate and serves as the working electrode of the synaptic device to provide a driving voltage. It includes a source, a drain, and a gate, and the drain is connected to the operational amplifier. A semiconductor layer, disposed above the substrate, the source, and the drain, serves to connect the source and drain as a channel in the source-drain-gate electrode circuit. Its conductivity is altered by applying a voltage to the gate, changing the surface and bulk ion doping, thereby changing the current magnitude in the channel between the source and drain. An electrolyte layer, placed above the substrate and the semiconductor layer, is driven by the voltage of the gate to cause internal ions to migrate, distribute, and dope to the surface of the semiconductor layer, thereby changing the channel conductivity.

3. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The substrate is a non-conductive transparent material, including any one of inorganic materials, organic materials, or polymer materials. The semiconductor layer is composed of a conjugated polymer organic semiconductor containing alkyl side chains, including DPPDTT, PDPP4T, P3HT and / or Pg(2T-T), at a concentration of 1–5 mg / ml, with a thickness of 20–500 nm, and the channel length is 20 μm–1 mm. The source, drain, and gate electrodes are made of conductive metals, conductive alloys, conductive metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and / or PEDOT:PSS, and the thickness of the source, drain, and gate electrodes is 20–100 nm. The electrolyte layer contains an electrolyte comprising deionized water, NaCl solution, KCl solution and / or PBS solution.

4. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The volume ratio of the microdroplets to the liquid crystal is (0.1–3):

10. The liquid crystal is a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal, including any one of 5CB, E7 or Y6, used to encapsulate the microdroplets in the phase of the liquid crystal to form a homogeneous solution with an "oil-in-water" structure.

5. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: in, The PDMS mold is bonded to the substrate. The PDMS mold includes an electrolyte frame and several homogenized liquid crystal frames. Both the electrolyte frame and the homogenized liquid crystal frames are vertically continuous frame structures, tightly bonded to the same side of the substrate, and respectively forming an upward-opening electrolyte tank and a homogenized liquid crystal tank with the substrate. The height of the homogenized liquid crystal tank is lower than that of the electrolyte tank, and both are disposed inside the electrolyte tank. The homogeneous solution is placed in the plurality of homogeneous liquid crystal cells, and the electrolyte layer is placed on the substrate and the semiconductor layer, located inside the electrolyte cells, and submerging the homogeneous liquid crystal cells. When the homogeneous solution is heated, the liquid crystal therein transforms from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase, releasing the chemical substances encapsulated in the microdroplets into the electrolyte layer. The heating methods include direct heating, Joule heating, and / or photothermal effects.

6. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, The gate and the semiconductor layer that serves as a channel for connecting the source to the drain are both located on the substrate and inside the electrolyte tank. Applying the gate voltage stimulates a change in the current of the channel between the source and the drain. Different concentrations of the chemical substances in the electrolyte layer cause different changes in the current of the channel between the source and the drain and different durations of the current change.

7. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, The heating coil is electrically connected to the source / drain gate electrode and is located below the homogeneous liquid crystal cell, and is used to heat the homogeneous solution. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system has a feedback regulation function. The current of the drain electrode is output to the heating coil through the operational amplifier. After reaching a threshold, the heating coil triggers the liquid crystal phase transition to release the chemical substances in the microdroplets encapsulated inside, thereby affecting the current between the source electrode and the drain electrode, enhancing or inhibiting pain sensation.

8. The chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The chemical substance includes Na. + K + Ca 2+ and / or dopamine, The surfactant is any one of sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and the concentration of the surfactant is 1 to 9 mmol / L.

9. A method for preparing a chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system, characterized in that, The preparation of the chemically modulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to any one of claims 1-8 comprises the following steps: Step 1: On the substrate, source, drain, and gate electrodes are prepared using a high-precision template formed after positive photoresist exposure. Then, the surface of the substrate is treated with oxygen plasma. Next, a semiconductor solution is spin-coated onto the substrate, the source electrode, and the drain electrode to form the channel for the source electrode and the drain electrode. Finally, the substrate is annealed. Step 2: Cut out the required through-hole electrolyte frame and several homogeneous liquid crystal frames from the cured PDMS mold, and then glue them to the same surface of the substrate to form an electrolyte tank with the opening facing upwards and several homogeneous liquid crystal tanks. The height of the homogenized liquid crystal tank is lower than that of the electrolyte tank, and both are disposed inside the tank. Step 3: Mix the liquid crystal and microdroplets to form a homogeneous solution and pour it into the homogeneous liquid crystal tank. Pour the electrolyte into the electrolyte tank and submerge the homogeneous solution in the electrolyte. Step four: Connect the source electrode to the power supply and the drain electrode to the operational amplifier to amplify the output current and drive the liquid crystal in the feedback loop to release.

10. The method for preparing the chemically regulated biomimetic injury sensing system according to claim 9, characterized in that: in, In step one, the source / drain / gate electrodes are prepared by spin coating or vapor deposition. The oxygen plasma treatment includes plasma cleaning and ozone cleaning. The semiconductor solution is spin-coated onto the substrate at a rotation speed of 800-3000 r / min, and the spin-coating time is 10-60 s. The annealing conditions are as follows: annealing at 100-140°C for 30-60 minutes on a glove box heating table.

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