An ecological ditch and its water treatment method

Abstract

This invention provides an ecological ditch and its water treatment method. From upstream to downstream, the ditch is sequentially configured with an intelligent monitoring zone, an inlet sediment buffer zone, a wetland filtration zone, a hydroelectric power generation zone, a water purification zone, a water aeration zone, and a water quality monitoring zone. The intelligent monitoring zone is equipped with a monitoring mechanism. Buffer plants are planted in the inlet sediment buffer zone, and a first cascade wall is located at the end of the buffer zone, connecting to the ditch bottom. The wetland filtration zone is laid with ecological filter media and planted with aquatic plants. The hydroelectric power generation zone is equipped with a hydroelectric generator, which is connected to the drainage outlet of the wetland filtration zone via a collection pipe. The water purification zone has multiple purification walls. The water aeration zone has an aeration mechanism. The water quality monitoring zone has a water quality detection system. Downstream of the water quality monitoring zone, a sedimentation zone and a water ecological protection zone are sequentially configured. This ditch facilitates the purification and monitoring of ditch water resources, greatly improving the ditch's efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to an ecological ditch and its water treatment method. Background Technology

[0002] While wastewater treatment is developing rapidly, wastewater resource utilization is still in its initial stage, with insufficient development and low utilization levels. Northern my country suffers from severe water shortages and a lack of ecological base flow in water bodies; southern China experiences severe water pollution, with prominent black and odorous water phenomena. Ecological water replenishment is one of the key measures for water environment management. Major water quality indicators such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus need to meet or approach the replenishment requirements of environmental water bodies such as rivers and lakes. Traditional ditches do not filter or purify the water, resulting in low oxygen content and severely excessive levels of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. Furthermore, problems such as clogging by garbage, insufficient water quality monitoring leading to serious pollution of water sources, and unsightly appearance are also prominent issues.

[0003] Those skilled in the art have made some improvements. For example, patent application number PCT / CN3019 / 106536 proposes that "the ecological ditch unit includes an embedded nitrification-denitrification-phosphorus removal integrated treatment device and an aquatic plant community unit: the embedded nitrification-denitrification-phosphorus removal integrated treatment device is embedded in the ditch for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from farmland drainage; the aquatic plant community unit is set in the ditch downstream of the embedded nitrification-denitrification-phosphorus removal integrated treatment device." Although this application can meet the requirements for treating excessive ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, the technical solution in this application still has shortcomings. For example, the oxide film on the bag body of the ditch replacement treatment device is very complex and unstable, and easily damaged. In addition, the oxygen content of the water body has not been significantly improved, the odorous water body cannot be effectively treated, and the problems of sediment accumulation have not been effectively addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological ditch and its water treatment method, which purifies and monitors the water resources of the ditch, and greatly improves the efficiency of the ditch.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an ecological ditch, comprising, from upstream to downstream, a smart monitoring zone, an inlet sediment buffer zone, a wetland filtration zone, a hydroelectric power generation zone, a water purification zone, a water aeration zone, and a water quality monitoring zone. The smart monitoring zone is equipped with a monitoring mechanism. Buffer plants are planted in the inlet sediment buffer zone, and a first cascade wall is installed at the end of the inlet sediment buffer zone. The first cascade wall is inclined and its end connects to the ditch bottom. Ecological filter media is laid in the wetland filtration zone, and aquatic plants are planted on the ecological filter media. The hydroelectric power generation zone... The power generation area is equipped with a second drop wall, and a hydroelectric generator is installed on the upper side of the second drop wall. The hydroelectric generator is connected to the drainage outlet of the wetland filtration area through a water collection pipe. The water purification area is equipped with multiple purification walls, the water aeration area is equipped with an aeration mechanism, and the water quality monitoring area is equipped with a water quality detection system. Downstream of the water quality detection area, an impurity settling area and a water ecological protection area are set in sequence. The impurity settling area is equipped with a settling wall, and a sedimentation tank is located downstream of the settling wall. A gate is located at the end of the water ecological protection area. The water in the water ecological protection area is transported to the intelligent monitoring area through pipelines and water pumps.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the monitoring mechanism of the intelligent monitoring area includes a water quality detector to detect water quality, a soil condition sensor installed inside the intelligent monitoring area, a climate condition detector installed at the top of the channel in the intelligent monitoring area, a triangular weir installed at the end of the intelligent monitoring area, a flow measurement and drainage outlet installed at the triangular weir, a control valve installed at the flow measurement and drainage outlet, a flow rate and velocity detector installed above the triangular weir, and a debris barrier installed upstream of the intelligent monitoring area.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, a buffer wall is provided upstream of the wetland filtration zone, a water passage is provided at the bottom of the wetland filtration zone, and a water inlet connected to the water passage is provided at the bottom of the buffer wall, with a water control valve provided at the water inlet.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the water purification zone is equipped with a support pipe, and a purification wall is rotatably mounted on the support pipe. The purification wall has a semi-circular structure and includes a wall body with core cavities distributed on the wall body. A purification core is installed in each core cavity, and a valve is installed on the support pipe. The water purification zone also includes a core-changing mechanism, which includes a mounting base with a slider at the lower end. The top of the water purification zone has a groove that cooperates with the slider. One side of the mounting base has a slot for the purification wall to pass through. The mounting base is equipped with a core-changing bracket, which has a focusing hole and several telescopic mechanisms. The telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms are aligned with the focusing holes. An arc-shaped guide plate is provided on the side of the mounting base away from the core-changing bracket.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, multiple purification walls are provided, namely a nitrification wall, a denitrification wall, a phosphorus removal wall, and an adsorption wall. The purification core includes a filler and a protective net covering the filler. The filler of the purification core of the nitrification wall is ceramic balls, the filler of the purification core of the denitrification wall is carbonized biomass particles, the filler of the purification core of the phosphorus removal wall is iron and aluminum oxide particles, and the filler of the purification core of the adsorption wall is activated carbon particles.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the aeration mechanism of the water aeration zone includes a rotating cage with several water buckets on the outside of the rotating cage, and the rotating cage is driven by a motor.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the water quality monitoring system in the water quality monitoring area includes a temperature monitor, a pH detector, a TDS detector, and a pressure detector, and a pressure sensor and a photovoltaic solar panel are installed on the top of the ditch.

[0012] The present invention also provides a water treatment method for ecological ditches, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Water enters from the upstream intelligent monitoring area. Large garbage will be isolated outside by the interception net. The water quality and flow rate will be monitored by water quality detectors and flow velocity detectors, respectively. Climate and soil conditions will be measured by climate condition detectors and soil condition sensors, respectively.

[0014] If the water quality meets the pollution standards, the valve of the support pipe in the water purification zone is opened, the purification wall rotates to the upper side of the support pipe, and the aeration mechanism in the water aeration zone stops operating.

[0015] If the real-time capacity Sw <Sw min At the minimum set capacity, the water control valve opens, and the water flows directly from the inlet sediment buffer zone into the water passage, bypassing the wetland filtration zone and the hydroelectric generator. If the real-time capacity meets the set range, the water control valve closes, and the water flows through each zone sequentially. If the real-time capacity Sw > Sw max At maximum set capacity, the water control valve opens, and part of the water flows out through the water passage, while the other part passes through the wetland filtration area and then through the hydroelectric generator. All the purification walls in the water purification area rotate upwards, the valves on the support pipes open, and then the water flows through each area in sequence.

[0016] Step 2: Untreated water enters the inlet sediment buffer zone, where it is filtered by plants to intercept sediment and absorb nitrogen and phosphorus. A first drop wall is then installed for initial aeration.

[0017] Step 3: Subsequently, the water flow is initially blocked by the buffer wall to reduce the flow rate. The treated water enters the wetland filtration area, where it undergoes biological treatment through ecological filter media and then flows into the hydropower generation area.

[0018] Step 4: After the water flows into the water purification zone, it passes through the nitrification wall, denitrification wall, phosphorus removal wall and adsorption wall for adsorption. When the water flow is small, all the purification walls stay at the bottom and the water flows into the aeration zone after being fully cleaned. If the water flow is too large, all the purification walls rotate to the top and the valve on the support pipe opens to drain the water.

[0019] Step 5: The water flows into the aeration zone for final aeration, and then flows into the water quality monitoring zone.

[0020] Step 6: The water flows through the temperature detector, pH detector, TDS detector and pressure detector in the water quality monitoring area to monitor whether the various water quality indicators meet the standards, and then enters the impurity settling area.

[0021] Step 7: The water body finally enters the impurity settling area to settle the silt. The water flow first passes through the settling wall, adsorbing the pollution that the water stayed in the water quality monitoring area, and then enters the sedimentation tank to settle the silt. After that, the water flows out of the impurity settling area and enters the water body ecological protection area.

[0022] Step 8: Measure the actual water vapor pressure e using a pressure sensor. g and the actual water vapor pressure at the Earth's surface e h Based on the water quality assessment results from the water quality monitoring area, if the water quality meets the requirements, it will be stored in the water body ecological protection zone, and the water volume will be adjusted according to demand and released from the gate. If the water quality does not meet the requirements, the water will be pumped back to the intelligent monitoring area for further treatment.

[0023] In the preferred embodiment, the calculation process for the real-time capacity Sw in step one is as follows:

[0024] S1. Plot the pressure-temperature curve and calculate the approximate tangent value Δ of the saturated vapor pressure curve:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, e g e represents the actual water vapor pressure of the atmosphere at a certain altitude. h e represents the actual water vapor pressure at the Earth's surface. g and e h Measurement was taken using a barometric pressure sensor; T g and T h These represent atmospheric temperature and surface temperature at the corresponding altitudes, respectively, and are measured using a climate condition detector.

[0027] Calculate the VPD value using the vapor pressure difference equation:

[0028] VPD = e g -e h ;

[0029] S2, aerodynamic heat transfer resistance r aero This reflects the obstruction of heat transfer by airflow, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where k is the von Kármán constant; V represents the initial wind speed at altitude, determined using a climate condition detector; and the initial altitude Z0 and the altitude to be measured Z are also considered. m The pressure was measured using a barometric pressure sensor.

[0032] S3. Calculate evaporation E using soil sensor data. vap and infiltration rate I n The calculation formula is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] Where Δ represents the approximate tangent of the saturated vapor pressure curve, VPD is the vapor pressure difference, and r aero R is the aerodynamic heat transfer resistance. net Represents net radiation, γ represents the atmospheric humidity constant, and ρ represents the net radiation. air C represents the density of moist air. air The specific heat of air under constant pressure is measured using a climate condition detector.

[0035] Δθ def =θ sat -θ ini

[0036]

[0037] Among them, K i Represents the effective saturated hydraulic conductivity; Ψ n The average suction force representing the wetting front; Δθ def Represents water deficit; θ sat Represents saturated water content, θ ini The initial moisture content is measured using a soil sensor.

[0038] S4, Real-time Water Storage Capacity S w The calculation formula is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Where A is the area of ​​the ditch; Q i The input flow rate is measured by a flow velocity detector located above the triangular weir; E vap P is evaporation; I is precipitation; n This refers to the amount of infiltration.

[0041] In the preferred embodiment, in step five, when a core replacement operation needs to be performed on a certain cleanroom wall, the core replacement mechanism is moved along the slide groove until the groove opening is aligned with the cleanroom wall to be replaced. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated and rotated out of the groove opening so that the focusing hole of the core replacement bracket is aligned with the core cavity of the cleanroom wall to be replaced. The telescopic mechanism is activated to push out the cleanroom core in the core cavity and let it fall into the arc-shaped guide plate for material discharge. Then the telescopic mechanism 13 retracts and resets, and a new cleanroom core is loaded into the core cavity. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated again, and the operation is repeated until the core replacement operation is completed. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is then rotated to the bottom.

[0042] The ecological ditch and its water treatment method provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The system divides ditches into zones and treats and purifies the water in these zones in stages, achieving the goals of water resource management and environmental protection. Through the integrated application of components such as intelligent monitoring, water quality management, sediment control, and ecological protection, the system can efficiently address the needs of different geological environments, achieving effective water resource management and ecological protection, and promoting sustainable development.

[0044] 2. Through the design of the inlet sediment buffer zone, the planted buffer plants can effectively intercept and absorb sediment and some nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the incoming water, thus initially purifying the water quality and reducing the burden on downstream treatment areas. This combined physical and biological preliminary treatment method enhances the overall purification efficiency of the system.

[0045] 3. The wetland filtration area not only achieves biological purification through the use of ecological filter media and aquatic plants, but also enhances the ecological aesthetics. This natural filtration mechanism is not only highly efficient, but also improves the ecological environment and landscape value around the ditch, and promotes biodiversity.

[0046] 4. By setting the water control valve, the water flow path is adjusted according to the actual flow rate. Whether the flow rate is high or low, the system can automatically adjust to ensure efficient processing, showing strong flexibility and adaptability, and ensuring stable operation under different environmental conditions.

[0047] 5. The design of the hydroelectric power generation area makes full use of the kinetic energy of the water flow. By setting up hydroelectric generators to generate electricity, it provides part of the energy needs of the canal system. This energy recycling reduces dependence on external power and lowers operating costs.

[0048] 6. Multiple purification walls are installed, employing a specially designed cylindrical mesh structure and high-efficiency purification materials. These walls provide specialized biological and chemical treatment for pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, significantly improving water purification efficiency. A filter replacement mechanism facilitates the replacement of the purification filters within the walls.

[0049] 7. High-performance and cost-effective materials are used. The purification wall and filter replacement mechanism are made of corrosion-resistant and long-life high-performance materials, which ensures the stable operation of the system in harsh environments and the effective protection of the purification filter.

[0050] 8. The aeration zone, with its rotating cage and water hopper design, increases the contact area between the water and air, raising the dissolved oxygen content and promoting natural water quality recovery and improvement. This design not only enhances the quality indicators of the purified water but also improves the living environment for aquatic organisms.

[0051] 9. Intelligent management and real-time monitoring are implemented. By establishing intelligent monitoring areas and equipping various detectors, real-time monitoring of water quality, climate, and soil conditions can be achieved, providing a scientific basis for water resource management. The intelligent management approach not only improves response speed and processing efficiency but also automatically adjusts processing parameters such as temperature, pH value, and flow rate according to different seasons and weather conditions, ensuring optimal water treatment results and improving the system's adaptability to environmental changes. Through water quality monitoring areas and air pressure sensors, real-time monitoring of treated water quality and measurement of atmospheric pressure are achieved. Feedback adjustments or reprocessing are made based on water quality conditions to ensure that water quality always meets standards, enhancing the system's reliability and safety.

[0052] 10. Calculated dynamic water volume allows the system to adjust its treatment strategy based on real-time flow and water quality changes, adapting to different water resource conditions. This adaptability is something static water volume cannot provide. During droughts or rainy seasons, water volume and quality can change significantly. Dynamic water volume management can adjust the treatment process according to the actual water resource conditions. For example, by changing the flow rate, adjusting the purification process, or optimizing water allocation, it can ensure that water quality meets standards and water resources are used effectively. It enables real-time monitoring and management of the canal system, including water quality, flow rate, and other important parameters, thereby achieving more effective water resource management and protection. Static water volume cannot provide this real-time data, limiting the ability to respond and adjust immediately. It does not consider changes in water bodies over time, which may lead to suboptimal resource utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0053] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological ditch of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a top view of the ecological ditch of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the ecological ditch of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydroelectric generator;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the core-changing mechanism;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the core-changing mechanism installation.

[0060] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the aeration mechanism in the aeration zone of a water body;

[0061] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the water quality monitoring system in the water quality monitoring area;

[0062] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a debris-blocking net;

[0063] Figure 10 This is a water treatment flow chart of the ecological ditch of the present invention;

[0064] In the diagram: 1. Intelligent monitoring zone; 2. Inlet sediment buffer zone; 3. Wetland filtration zone; 4. Hydropower generation zone; 5. Water purification zone; 6. Water aeration zone; 7. Water quality monitoring zone; 8. Impurity settling zone; 9. Aquatic ecological protection zone; 10. Mounting base; 11. Slider; 12. Core replacement bracket; 13. Telescopic mechanism; 14. Arc-shaped guide plate; 15. Air pressure sensor; 16. Photovoltaic solar panel; 101. Water quality detector; 102. Soil condition sensor; 103. Climate condition detector; 104. Triangular weir; 105. Flow measurement and drainage outlet; 106. Trash net; 107. Flow rate and velocity detector; 201. Buffer plants; 202. First drop wall. ; Buffer wall 301, water passage 302, water control valve 303, ecological filter media 304; Second drop wall 401, hydraulic generator 402, water collection pipe 403; Support pipe 51, chute 52, nitrification wall 53, denitrification wall 54, phosphorus removal wall 55, adsorption wall 56, wall body 501, core cavity 502, purification core 503; Rotating cage 601, water hopper 602; Temperature monitor 701, pH detector 702, TDS detector 703, pressure detector 704; Settling wall 801, sedimentation tank 802; Gate 901, water pump 902; Groove opening 1001, focusing hole 1201. Detailed Implementation

[0065] like Figures 1-9 As shown, an ecological ditch has a trapezoidal cross-section and is arranged sequentially from upstream to downstream as follows: intelligent monitoring zone 1, inlet sediment buffer zone 2, wetland filtration zone 3, hydropower generation zone 4, water purification zone 5, water aeration zone 6, and water quality monitoring zone 7.

[0066] The intelligent monitoring zone 1 is equipped with a monitoring mechanism, which includes a water quality detector 101 to detect water quality, a soil condition sensor 102 inside the intelligent monitoring zone 1, a climate condition detector 103 at the top of the channel in the intelligent monitoring zone 1, a triangular weir 104 at the end of the intelligent monitoring zone 1, a flow measuring and drainage outlet 105 at the triangular weir 104, a control valve at the flow measuring and drainage outlet 105, a flow rate and velocity detector 107 directly above the triangular weir 104, and a debris barrier 106 upstream of the intelligent monitoring zone 1.

[0067] The inlet sediment buffer zone 2 is equipped with a buffer strip at the inlet to block the sediment layer. Buffer plants 201, which are submerged plants, are planted on the bottom of the channel. At the end of the inlet sediment buffer zone 2, a first drop wall 202 is provided. The first drop wall 202 is set at an angle and its end is connected to the bottom of the channel.

[0068] The wetland filtration zone 3 is laid with ecological filter media 304, and aquatic plants are planted on the ecological filter media 304. The aquatic plants include emergent plants and submerged plants. A drop dam is installed at the end of the wetland filtration zone 3 to create a height difference.

[0069] A buffer wall 301 is installed upstream of the wetland filtration zone 3, and a water storage wall is installed downstream. The water storage wall has a drain outlet for connecting to the water collection pipe 403. The upper end of the buffer wall 301 has several flow holes to disperse the water flow. The bottom of the wetland filtration zone 3 has a water passage 302. The bottom of the buffer wall 301 has an inlet connected to the water passage 302, and the bottom of the water storage wall has an outlet connected to the water passage 302. The inlet has a water control valve 303 to regulate the water flow.

[0070] The hydropower generation area 4 is equipped with a second drop wall 401, and a hydropower generator 402 is installed on the upper side of the second drop wall 401. The hydropower generator 402 is connected to the drainage outlet of the wetland filtration area 3 through a water collection pipe 403.

[0071] The water purification zone 5 is equipped with multiple purification walls, which are nitrification wall 53, denitrification wall 54, phosphorus removal wall 55 and adsorption wall 56 from upstream to downstream.

[0072] The water purification zone 5 is equipped with a support pipe 51. The purification wall is rotatably mounted on the support pipe 51 via bearings. The support pipe 51 provides rotatable support for the purification wall. The purification wall has a semi-circular structure and can be rotated to the lower or upper side of the support pipe 51, adjusted according to the water volume. The purification wall includes a wall body 501, with core cavities 502 distributed on the wall body 501. A purification core 503 is installed inside the core cavity 502. A valve is installed on the support pipe 51.

[0073] The purification core 503 of the nitrification wall 53, denitrification wall 54, phosphorus removal wall 55 and adsorption wall 56 all adopt a specially designed cylindrical mesh structure to fix and protect the filler. The mesh structure is made of high-density polyethylene material, which is inexpensive, non-toxic and harmless, recyclable, and easy to move and install.

[0074] The purification core 503 of the Nitrification Wall 53 has a mesh structure filled with multiple microporous ceramic balls. These ceramic balls are uniformly coated with nitrite-oxidizing and nitrate-oxidizing bacteria. Under suitable temperature, pH value and sufficient dissolved oxygen supply, the bacteria form a stable biofilm on the surface of the ceramic balls. These ceramic balls have a large specific surface area and microporous structure, which provides an ideal attachment space for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, helps the effective diffusion of oxygen and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, ensures the efficient operation of the purification system, and simplifies the replacement and maintenance process of the purification core, ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the system.

[0075] The purification core 503 of the denitrification wall 54 has a mesh structure filled with carbonized biomass blocks. Denitrifying bacteria are evenly coated on these blocks. Under suitable temperature, pH, and sufficient dissolved oxygen supply, the bacteria form a stable biofilm on the surface of the carbonized biomass blocks. The carbonized biomass blocks are made by processing sawdust into small particles, then carbonizing them under anaerobic conditions, followed by steam activation. This increases the specific surface area of ​​the particles, making them an ideal carbon source and bacterial growth substrate, promoting the activity of denitrifying bacteria. As a carbon source, the carbonized biomass blocks not only support bacterial growth but also provide the necessary electron donors for the denitrification reaction.

[0076] The purification core 503 of the phosphorus removal wall 55 has a mesh structure filled with iron and aluminum oxide particles. The particles are composed of iron oxide and aluminum oxide, which have a high affinity for adsorbing phosphorus in water and can form stable compounds with phosphorus ions, thereby effectively removing phosphorus.

[0077] The purification core 503 of the adsorption wall 56 has a mesh structure filled with activated carbon particles, which have an extremely high specific surface area and porous structure, and can effectively adsorb organic matter and some heavy metals in water.

[0078] Preferred, such as Figure 5 and 6As shown, the water purification zone 5 also includes a filter replacement mechanism. The filter replacement mechanism includes a mounting base 10, a slider 11 at the lower end of the mounting base 10, a groove 52 that cooperates with the slider 11 at the top of the channel of the water purification zone 5, a slot 1001 for the purification wall 51 to pass through on one side of the mounting base 10, a filter replacement bracket 12 on the mounting base 10, a focusing hole 1201 on the filter replacement bracket 12, and several telescopic mechanisms 13 on the filter replacement bracket 12. The telescopic mechanisms 13 are electric push rods, and the telescopic ends of the telescopic mechanisms 13 are aligned with the focusing holes 1201. An arc-shaped guide plate 14 is provided on the side of the mounting base 10 away from the filter replacement bracket 12.

[0079] When a core replacement operation is required for a cleanroom wall 51, the core replacement mechanism is moved along the slide groove 52 until the groove opening 1001 is aligned with the cleanroom wall 51 to be replaced. The cleanroom wall 51 to be replaced is rotated and rotated out of the groove opening 1001 so that the focusing hole 1201 of the core replacement bracket 12 is aligned with the core cavity 502 of the cleanroom wall 51 to be replaced. The telescopic mechanism 13 is activated to push out the cleanroom core 503 in the core cavity 502 and let it fall into the arc-shaped guide plate 14. Then the telescopic mechanism 13 retracts and resets, and the new cleanroom core 503 is installed into the core cavity 502. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated again, and the operation is repeated until the core replacement operation is completed. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is then rotated to the bottom.

[0080] Aeration zone 6 is equipped with an aeration mechanism, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the aeration mechanism of the water aeration zone 6 includes a rotating cage 601, with several water buckets 602 arranged on the outside of the rotating cage 601. The rotating cage 601 is driven by a motor. The motor is powered by photovoltaic power generation, and the water buckets 602 lift the water to aerate it.

[0081] Water quality monitoring area 7 is equipped with a water quality testing system, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the water quality monitoring system in the water quality monitoring area 7 includes a temperature monitor 701, a pH detector 702, a TDS detector 703, and a pressure detector 704 to detect water quality.

[0082] Downstream of the water quality testing area 7, an impurity settling area 8 and a water ecological protection area 9 are set in sequence. The impurity settling area 8 is equipped with a settling wall 801. Downstream of the settling wall 801, a sedimentation tank 802 is set up. The interior of the settling wall 801 is filled with activated carbon, pebbles, and gravel to adsorb pollutants. The sedimentation tank 802 is used to settle silt. Then, the water flows out of the impurity settling area 8 and enters the water ecological protection area 9.

[0083] A gate 901 is installed at the end of the water ecological protection zone 9. Water in the water ecological protection zone 9 is transported to the intelligent monitoring zone 1 through pipelines and water pumps 902.

[0084] A pressure sensor 15 and a photovoltaic solar panel 16 are installed on the top of the ditch. The photovoltaic solar panel 16 is used to generate solar power to supply power to the ditch-related equipment. The pressure sensor 15 measures the actual water vapor pressure e. g and the actual water vapor pressure at the Earth's surface e h .

[0085] A water treatment method for ecological ditches, such as Figure 10 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0086] Step 1: Water enters from the upstream intelligent monitoring area 1. Large garbage will be isolated outside by the intercepting net 106. The water quality and flow rate will be monitored by the water quality detector 101 and the flow velocity detector 107 respectively. If the water flow rate is small, it will only enter the inlet sediment buffer zone 2 from the triangular weir 104. If the flow rate is too large, the water will also be discharged from the flow measurement outlet 105 below the intelligent monitoring area 1 and enter the inlet sediment buffer zone 2. The climate and soil conditions are measured by the climate condition detector 103 and the soil condition sensor 102 respectively.

[0087] Specifically, if the water quality meets the pollution standards, the valve of the support pipe (51) of the water purification zone (5) is opened, the purification wall rotates to the upper side of the support pipe (51), and the aeration mechanism of the water aeration zone (6) stops operating.

[0088] If the real-time capacity Sw <Sw min At minimum set capacity, water control valve 303 opens, and water flows directly from the inlet sediment buffer zone 2 through the water passage 302, then flows into the water purification zone 5 through the second drop wall 401 without passing through the wetland filtration zone 3 and the hydroelectric generator 402. If the real-time capacity meets the set range Sw min Sw max If control valve 303 is closed, the water will flow through each area normally in sequence. If the real-time capacity Sw > Sw max At maximum set capacity, water control valve 303 opens, and part of the water flows out from water passage 302, while part passes through wetland filtration zone 3 and then through water generator 402. All purification walls in water purification zone 5 rotate upwards, valves on support pipe 51 open, and water then flows through each zone in sequence.

[0089] When real-time capacity Sw > Sw max When the maximum set capacity is reached, the capacity control has absolute control. Regardless of the water quality, all purification walls must be rotated to the top, and the water control valve (303) must be opened to ensure the safety of the drainage system and the surrounding environment. In other cases, the water quality system has absolute control. If the water quality is substandard, it must pass through every part of the system, and every part needs to work.

[0090] The calculation process for the real-time capacity Sw is as follows:

[0091] S1. Plot the pressure-temperature curve and calculate the approximate tangent value Δ of the saturated vapor pressure curve:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, e g e represents the actual water vapor pressure of the atmosphere at a certain altitude. h e represents the actual water vapor pressure at the Earth's surface. g and e h Measurement was taken using a barometric pressure sensor; T g and T h These represent atmospheric temperature and surface temperature at the corresponding altitudes, respectively, and are measured using a climate condition detector.

[0094] Calculate the VPD value using the vapor pressure difference equation:

[0095] VPD = e g -e h ;

[0096] S2, aerodynamic heat transfer resistance r aero This reflects the obstruction of heat transfer by airflow, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0097]

[0098] Where k is the von Kármán constant; V represents the initial wind speed at altitude, determined using a climate condition detector; and the initial altitude Z0 and the altitude to be measured Z are also considered. m The pressure was measured using a barometric pressure sensor.

[0099] S3. Calculate evaporation E using soil sensor data. vap and infiltration rate I n The calculation formula is as follows:

[0100]

[0101] Where Δ represents the approximate tangent of the saturated vapor pressure curve, VPD is the vapor pressure difference, and r aero R is the aerodynamic heat transfer resistance. net Represents net radiation, γ represents the atmospheric humidity constant, and ρ represents the net radiation. air C represents the density of moist air. air It represents the specific heat of air under constant pressure and is measured using a climate condition detector.

[0102] Δθ def =θ sat -θ ini

[0103]

[0104] Among them, K i Represents the effective saturated hydraulic conductivity; Ψ n The average suction force representing the wetting front; Δθ def Represents water deficit; θ sat Represents saturated water content, θ ini The initial moisture content is represented by a soil sensor and is measured.

[0105] S4, Real-time Water Storage Capacity S w The calculation formula is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Where A is the area of ​​the ditch; Q i The input flow rate is measured by a flow velocity detector located above the triangular weir; E vap P is evaporation; I is precipitation; n This refers to the amount of infiltration.

[0108] Step 2: Untreated water enters the inlet sediment buffer zone 2, where it is intercepted by buffer plants 201 and initially absorbed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The first drop wall 202 is then set up for initial aeration.

[0109] Step 3: Subsequently, the water flow is initially blocked by the buffer wall 301 to reduce the flow velocity, thereby increasing the hydraulic residence time of the downstream wetland filtration zone 3 and preventing the water flow velocity from impacting the wetland. The treated water enters the wetland filtration zone 3, and the initial water flow passes through the ecological filter media 304 for biological treatment before flowing into the hydropower generation zone 4.

[0110] Step 4: If the water flow is small, the water will flow out of the water collection pipe 403 and into the hydroelectric generator 402 to generate electricity, and then into the water purification zone 5; if the water flow is too large, the water will not only flow out of the water collection pipe 403, but the water control valve 303 will also be opened, and the water will flow from the water passage 302 into the second drop wall 401 and into the water purification zone 5.

[0111] Step 5: After the water flows into the water purification zone 5, it passes through the nitrification wall 53, denitrification wall 54, phosphorus removal wall 55 and adsorption wall 56 for adsorption. When the water flow is small, all the purification walls stay at the bottom and after thorough decontamination, the water flows into the water aeration zone 6. If the water flow is too large, all the purification walls rotate to the top, and at the same time, the valve on the support pipe 51 opens to drain water and increase the flow rate.

[0112] When a core replacement operation is required for a cleanroom wall, the core replacement mechanism is moved along the slide 52 until the slot 1001 is aligned with the cleanroom wall to be replaced. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated to rotate out of the slot 1001, so that the focusing hole 1201 of the core replacement bracket 12 is aligned with the core cavity 502 of the cleanroom wall to be replaced. The telescopic mechanism 13 is activated to push out the cleanroom core 503 in the core cavity 502, so that it falls into the arc-shaped guide plate 14 for material discharge. Then the telescopic mechanism 13 retracts and resets, and a new cleanroom core 503 is installed into the core cavity 502. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated again, and the operation is repeated until the core replacement operation is completed. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is then rotated to the bottom.

[0113] Step 6: The water flows into the aeration zone 6 for final aeration, and then flows into the water quality monitoring zone 7.

[0114] Step 7: The water flows through the temperature detector 701, pH detector 702, TDS detector 703 and pressure detector 704 in the water quality monitoring zone 7 to monitor whether the various water quality indicators meet the standards, and then enters the impurity settling zone 8.

[0115] Step 8: The water body finally enters the impurity settling zone 8 to settle the silt. The water flow first passes through the settling wall 801, adsorbing the pollution that the water was polluting when it stayed in the water quality monitoring zone 7, and then enters the sedimentation tank 802 to settle the silt. After that, the water flows out of the impurity settling zone 8 and enters the water body ecological protection zone 9.

[0116] Step 9: Based on the determined water quality, if the water quality index requirements are met, the water is stored in the water ecological protection zone 9, and the water volume is adjusted according to the needs and released from the gate 901. If the water quality index requirements are not met, the water is pumped back to the intelligent monitoring zone 1 by the water pump 902 for further treatment.

Claims

1. An ecological ditch, characterized in that, From upstream to downstream, the following zones are set up in sequence: intelligent monitoring zone (1), inlet sediment buffer zone (2), wetland filtration zone (3), hydropower generation zone (4), water purification zone (5), water aeration zone (6), and water quality monitoring zone (7). The intelligent monitoring zone (1) is equipped with a monitoring mechanism. Buffer plants (201) are planted in the inlet sediment buffer zone (2). A first drop wall (202) is set at the end of the inlet sediment buffer zone (2). The first drop wall (202) is set at an angle and its end is connected to the bottom of the channel. Ecological filter material (304) is laid in the wetland filtration zone (3). Aquatic plants are planted on the ecological filter material (304). A second drop wall (401) is set in the hydropower generation zone (4). 01) A hydroelectric generator (402) is provided on the upper side. The hydroelectric generator (402) is connected to the drain outlet of the wetland filtration area (3) through the water collection pipe (403). The water purification area (5) is provided with multiple purification walls. The water aeration area (6) is provided with an aeration mechanism. The water quality monitoring area (7) is provided with a water quality detection system. Downstream of the water quality detection area (7), an impurity settling area (8) and a water ecological protection area (9) are set in sequence. The impurity settling area (8) is provided with a settling wall (801). Downstream of the settling wall (801), a sedimentation tank (802) is provided. At the end of the water ecological protection area (9), a gate (901) is provided. The water in the water ecological protection area (9) is transported to the intelligent monitoring area (1) through pipes and water pumps (902). The water purification zone (5) is equipped with a support pipe (51), and a purification wall is rotatably installed on the support pipe (51). The purification wall has a semi-circular structure and includes a wall body (501). Core cavities (502) are distributed on the wall body (501), and purification cores (503) are provided in the core cavities (502). Valves are provided on the support pipe (51). The water purification zone (5) also includes a core replacement mechanism, which includes a mounting base (10). A slider (11) is provided at the lower end of the mounting base (10). The top of the channel is provided with a sliding groove (52) that cooperates with the slider (11). The mounting base (10) is provided with a slot (1001) for the purification wall to pass through. The mounting base (10) is provided with a core changing bracket (12). The core changing bracket (12) is provided with a focusing hole (1201). The core changing bracket (12) is provided with several telescopic mechanisms (13). The telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism (13) is aligned with the focusing hole (1201). The mounting base (10) is provided with an arc-shaped guide plate (14) on the side away from the core changing bracket (12).

2. An ecological ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring mechanism of the intelligent monitoring area (1) includes a water quality detector (101) to detect water quality, a soil condition sensor (102) is provided inside the intelligent monitoring area (1), a climate condition detector (103) is provided at the top of the channel of the intelligent monitoring area (1), a triangular weir (104) is provided at the end of the intelligent monitoring area (1), a flow measuring and drainage outlet (105) is provided at the triangular weir (104), a control valve is provided at the flow measuring and drainage outlet (105), a flow rate and velocity detector (107) is provided above the triangular weir (104), and a debris barrier net (106) is provided upstream of the intelligent monitoring area (1).

3. An ecological ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that, A buffer wall (301) is provided upstream of the wetland filtration zone (3), a water passage (302) is provided at the bottom of the wetland filtration zone (3), and an inlet connected to the water passage (302) is provided at the bottom of the buffer wall (301), and a water control valve (303) is provided at the inlet.

4. An ecological ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purification walls are provided in multiple ways, namely, a nitrification wall (53), a denitrification wall (54), a phosphorus removal wall (55), and an adsorption wall (56). The purification core (503) includes a filler and a protective net covering the filler. The filler of the purification core (503) of the nitrification wall (53) is ceramic balls, the filler of the purification core (503) of the denitrification wall (54) is carbonized biomass particles, the filler of the purification core (503) of the phosphorus removal wall (55) is iron and aluminum oxide particles, and the filler of the purification core (503) of the adsorption wall (56) is activated carbon particles.

5. An ecological ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration mechanism of the water aeration zone (6) includes a rotating cage (601), and several water buckets (602) are provided on the outside of the rotating cage (601). The rotating cage (601) is driven by a motor.

6. An ecological ditch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water quality monitoring system of the water quality monitoring area (7) includes a temperature monitor (701), a pH detector (702), a TDS detector (703) and a pressure detector (704), and a pressure sensor (15) and a photovoltaic solar panel (16) are installed on the top of the ditch.

7. A water treatment method for ecological ditches, characterized in that, Water treatment using the ecological ditch according to any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: Step 1: Water enters from the upstream intelligent monitoring area (1). Large garbage will be isolated by the interception net (106). The water quality and flow rate will be monitored by the water quality detector (101) and the flow rate detector (107) respectively. The climate and soil conditions will be measured by the climate condition detector (103) and the soil condition sensor (102) respectively. If the water quality meets the pollution standards, the valve of the support pipe (51) of the water purification zone (5) is opened, the purification wall rotates to the upper side of the support pipe (51), and the aeration mechanism of the water aeration zone (6) stops operating. If the real-time capacity Sw <Sw min At the minimum set capacity, the water control valve (303) opens, and the water flows directly out of the water passage (302) after passing through the inlet sediment buffer zone (2), and flows into the water purification zone (5) through the second drop wall (401) without passing through the wetland filtration zone (3) and the hydroelectric generator (402). If the real-time capacity meets the set range (Sw min Sw max When the control valve (303) is closed, the water flows through each area in sequence normally. If the real-time capacity Sw > Sw max At maximum set capacity, the water control valve (303) is opened, part of the water flows out from the water passage (302), and part of the water passes through the wetland filtration area (3) and then through the hydroelectric generator (402). All the purification walls of the water purification area (5) are rotated to the top, the valve on the support pipe (51) is opened, and then the water flows through each area in sequence. Step 2: Untreated water enters the inlet sediment buffer zone (2), where it is intercepted by buffer plants (201) and nitrogen and phosphorus are initially absorbed. A first drop wall (202) is set up for initial aeration. Step 3: The water flow is initially blocked by the buffer wall (301) to reduce the flow rate. The treated water enters the wetland filtration area (3). The initial water flow passes through the ecological filter media (304) for biological treatment and flows into the hydropower generation area (4). Step 4: After the water flows into the water purification zone (5), it passes through the nitrification wall (53), denitrification wall (54), phosphorus removal wall (55) and adsorption wall (56) for adsorption. When the water flow is small, all the purification walls stay at the bottom and flow into the water aeration zone (6) after being fully decontaminated. If the water flow is too large, all the purification walls rotate to the top, and at the same time the valve on the support pipe (51) is opened to drain the water. Step 5: The water flows into the aeration zone (6) for final aeration, and then flows into the water quality monitoring zone (7). Step 6: The water flows through the temperature detector (701), pH detector (702), TDS detector (703) and pressure detector (704) in the water quality monitoring area (7) to monitor whether the various water quality indicators meet the standards, and then enters the impurity settling area (8). Step 7: The water body finally enters the impurity settling area (8) to settle the silt. The water flow first passes through the settling wall (801) to absorb the pollution when the water stays in the water quality monitoring area (7), and then enters the sedimentation tank (802) to settle the silt. Then the water flows out of the impurity settling area (8) and enters the water body ecological protection area (9). Step 8: The pressure sensor (15) measures the actual water vapor pressure. and the actual water vapor pressure at the Earth's surface According to the water quality situation determined by the water quality monitoring area (7), if the water quality index requirements are met, the water is stored in the water ecological protection area (9), and the water volume is adjusted according to the needs and released from the gate (901). If the water quality index requirements are not met, the water is pumped back to the intelligent monitoring area (1) by the water pump (902) and processed again.

8. The water treatment method for an ecological ditch according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step one, the calculation process for the real-time capacity Sw is as follows: S1. Plot the pressure-temperature curve and calculate the approximate tangent of the saturated vapor pressure curve. : ； in, This represents the actual water vapor pressure at a certain altitude. Represents the actual water vapor pressure at the Earth's surface. and The pressure was measured using a barometric pressure sensor. T g and T h These represent atmospheric temperature and surface temperature at the corresponding altitudes, respectively, and are measured using a climate condition detector. Calculate the VPD value using the vapor pressure difference equation: ； S2, aerodynamic heat transfer resistance This reflects the obstruction of heat transfer by airflow, and its calculation formula is as follows: ； Where k is the von Kármán constant; V represents the initial wind speed at altitude, determined using a climate condition detector; and the initial altitude Z0 and the altitude to be measured Z are also considered. m The pressure was measured using a barometric pressure sensor. S3. Calculate evaporation using soil sensor data. E vap and infiltration I n The calculation formula is as follows: ； Where Δ represents the approximate tangent of the saturated vapor pressure curve, and VPD is the vapor pressure difference. For aerodynamic heat transfer resistance, Represents net radiation. Represents the atmospheric humidity constant. Represents the density of moist air. The specific heat of air under constant pressure is measured using a climate condition detector. ； ； in, K i Represents the effective saturated hydraulic conductivity; Ψ n The average suction power represents the wetting front; This indicates a water deficit; Represents saturated water content. The initial moisture content is measured using a soil sensor. S4, Real-time Water Storage Capacity S w The calculation formula is as follows: ； Where A is the area of ​​the ditch; Q i The input flow rate is measured by a flow rate and velocity detector located above the triangular weir; E vap Evaporation amount; P This refers to precipitation. I n This refers to the amount of infiltration.

9. A water treatment method for an ecological ditch according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step five, when a core replacement operation is required for a certain cleanroom wall, the core replacement mechanism is moved along the slide groove (52), the groove opening (1001) is aligned with the cleanroom wall to be replaced, the cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated, and it is rotated out of the groove opening (1001) so that the focusing hole (1201) of the core replacement bracket (12) is aligned with the core cavity (502) of the cleanroom wall to be replaced. The telescopic mechanism (13) is activated to push out the cleanroom core (503) in the core cavity (502) so that it falls into the arc-shaped guide plate (14) for material discharge. Then the telescopic mechanism 13 retracts and resets, and the new cleanroom core (503) is installed into the core cavity (502). The cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated again, and the operation is repeated until the core replacement operation is completed. The cleanroom wall to be replaced is rotated to the bottom.

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