A fuel cell dynamic control system and control method based on renewable energy

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell dynamic control system based on renewable energy, which comprises: a power distribution network; a renewable energy power generation system for providing power to a water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit; a water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit for producing hydrogen and oxygen using the power of the renewable energy power generation system; a gas storage unit for storing hydrogen and oxygen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit; a gas distribution unit for respectively distributing hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell power generation system; a fuel cell power generation system for quantitatively mixing and reacting the hydrogen and oxygen stored in the gas storage unit to generate electrical energy; and a central control system for controlling and distributing gas flow between the gas storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system, wherein the control system realizes real-time synchronous dynamic control of the renewable energy power generation system, hydrogen production by electrolysis and fuel cell power generation, and ensures stable power generation of the fuel cell power generation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy power generation, and in particular to a fuel cell dynamic control system and control method based on renewable energy. Background Art

[0002] Renewable energy refers to energy that can be repeatedly regenerated in nature, such as light energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, etc. Compared with traditional fossil energy power generation, the use of renewable energy for power generation has the advantages of environmental protection, sustainability, and safety. However, renewable energy power generation also has certain defects. Due to the intermittent, volatile, and unpredictable nature of renewable energy, the proportion of power generation connected to the grid has increased, the volatility of the power grid has increased significantly, the stability has decreased, and the cost has increased significantly. Therefore, in order to achieve large-scale application of new energy, renewable energy power generation is combined with electrolysis hydrogen production technology to convert electrical energy into hydrogen energy storage, and fuel cell power generation technology is used to achieve stable power supply, reducing the impact of renewable energy power generation on the distribution network.

[0003] However, in the process of power generation using fuel cells, due to the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy power generation systems, the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced by the hydrogen electrolysis system is not fixed. Therefore, the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the hydrogen electrolysis system are used to provide raw gas for fuel cell power generation. Since the output of raw gas is unstable, the raw material supply for fuel cell power generation needs to be regulated in real time to meet the stable power generation of the fuel cell. However, existing fuel cell power generation systems mostly generate electricity through pre-stored raw gas, that is, the raw gas generation and supply are carried out in stages, and the power generation cycle is relatively long.

[0004] How to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technical solutions and how to perform real-time synchronous dynamic regulation of renewable energy power generation systems, electrolysis hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation have become issues that need to be urgently addressed in this technical field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a fuel cell dynamic control system and control method based on renewable energy, which specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fuel cell dynamic control system based on renewable energy, comprising:

[0007] Distribution network;

[0008] A renewable energy power generation system for providing electricity to the hydrogen and oxygen production units by water electrolysis;

[0009] Water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit, used to produce hydrogen and oxygen using electricity from renewable energy power generation systems;

[0010] A gas storage unit, used to store hydrogen and oxygen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit;

[0011] A gas distribution unit for distributing hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell power generation system respectively;

[0012] A fuel cell power generation system for quantitatively mixing and reacting hydrogen and oxygen stored in a gas storage unit to generate electrical energy;

[0013] The central control system is used to control and distribute the gas flow between the gas storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system.

[0014] Preferably, the renewable energy power generation system comprises a plurality of power generation subsystem units connected in parallel, and each power generation subsystem unit is correspondingly connected to at least one water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit.

[0015] Preferably, the power generation subsystem unit adopts one of photovoltaic power generation, hydroelectric power generation, wind power generation, biomass power generation or geothermal power generation.

[0016] Preferably, the gas storage unit includes a plurality of hydrogen storage units and a plurality of oxygen storage units, and each of the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production units is respectively connected to at least one hydrogen storage unit and at least one oxygen storage unit, and the hydrogen storage units of each water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit are connected in parallel through pipelines, and the oxygen storage units of each water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit are connected in parallel through pipelines.

[0017] Preferably, the gas distribution unit comprises a hydrogen distribution unit and an oxygen distribution unit, the hydrogen distribution unit is respectively connected to the hydrogen storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system, and the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage unit is distributed to each fuel cell power generation system through the hydrogen distribution unit; the oxygen distribution unit is respectively connected to the oxygen storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system, and the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage unit is distributed to each fuel cell power generation system through the oxygen distribution unit.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also discloses a fuel cell dynamic control method based on renewable energy, which comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. The renewable energy power generation system supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit, and the water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit dissociates and generates oxygen and hydrogen, and respectively passes the generated oxygen and hydrogen into the hydrogen storage unit and the oxygen storage unit of the gas storage unit;

[0020] S2. According to the power demand of the distribution network, the central control system starts the fuel cell power generation system to provide power to the distribution network:

[0021] S3. The central control system controls the hydrogen storage unit and the oxygen storage unit of the gas storage unit to supply gas to the fuel cell power generation system. At the same time, the central control system will monitor the gas consumption of each fuel cell power generation system and the gas generation of the corresponding water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit;

[0022] S4. The central control system analyzes the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system based on the actual gas consumption and time series data in the current fuel cell power generation system, and determines whether the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to each fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption. If so, the current gas storage unit is kept connected to the fuel cell power generation system; if not, the number of water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production units connected to the current fuel cell power generation system is increased until the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit meets the current consumption.

[0023] Preferably, the specific method for analyzing the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system in step S4 is: using a curve fitting method to fit the actual gas consumption corresponding to each time series of the current fuel cell power generation system, and using the slope of the fitting curve to obtain the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system.

[0024] Preferably, the specific method for determining whether the gas storage unit corresponding to each fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption in step S4 is:

[0025] First, the central control system monitors the gas consumption of the gas storage unit connected to the current fuel cell power generation system in real time, and uses the linear regression method to calculate and analyze the gas consumption rate of the corresponding gas storage unit;

[0026] Then, the central control system is used to monitor in real time the gas output of the electrolytic water hydrogen production and oxygen production unit connected to the corresponding gas storage unit, and calculate and analyze the gas output rate of the electrolytic water hydrogen production and oxygen production unit;

[0027] The central control system compares the gas production rate of the hydrogen and oxygen production units by water electrolysis with the gas consumption rate of the gas storage unit. When the gas production rate is higher than or equal to the gas consumption rate, the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption; when the gas production rate is lower than the gas consumption rate, the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system does not meet the current consumption.

[0028] Preferably, in step S4, when the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system does not meet the current consumption, the central control system will first calculate the difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate, and determine whether the gas output rate of the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit meets the difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate. If so, the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit is connected to the current fuel cell power generation system; if not, the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit is first connected to the current fuel cell power generation system, and the current gas output rate and the difference are updated, and then it is determined whether the gas output rate of the next alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit meets the updated difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate. Beneficial Effects

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The fuel cell dynamic control system can dynamically control the gas flow between the gas storage unit, the gas distribution unit and the fuel cell power generation system through the central control system. By comparing the gas consumption rate of the fuel cell power generation system and the gas growth rate of the corresponding gas storage unit, it can be determined whether the current gas storage unit can supply the raw gas of the fuel cell power generation system. By dynamically controlling the number of water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production units to meet the raw gas consumption of the fuel cell power generation system, the renewable energy power generation system, electrolysis hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation can be dynamically controlled in real time, ensuring stable power generation of the fuel cell power generation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fuel cell dynamic control system of the present invention. Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be pointed out that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0034] See attached Figure 1 As shown, a fuel cell dynamic control system based on renewable energy of the present embodiment includes a power distribution network; a renewable energy power generation system for providing power to a water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit; a water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit for producing hydrogen and oxygen using power from the renewable energy power generation system; a gas storage unit for storing hydrogen and oxygen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit; a gas distribution unit for respectively distributing hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell power generation system; a fuel cell power generation system for quantitatively mixing and reacting the hydrogen and oxygen stored in the gas storage unit to generate electrical energy; and a central control system for regulating and distributing gas flow between the gas storage unit, the gas distribution unit and the fuel cell power generation system.

[0035] The renewable energy power generation system includes a plurality of power generation subsystem units connected in parallel, and each power generation subsystem unit is correspondingly connected to at least one water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit. It should be noted that in this embodiment, a plurality of power generation subsystem units can form a regional power supply network to avoid the failure of a certain power generation subsystem unit and cause power instability. The power generation subsystem unit in this embodiment can adopt one of photovoltaic power generation, hydropower generation, wind power generation, biomass power generation or geothermal power generation.

[0036] Furthermore, the gas storage unit described in the present embodiment includes a plurality of hydrogen storage units and a plurality of oxygen storage units. Preferably, in the present embodiment, each of the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production units is respectively connected to at least one hydrogen storage unit and at least one oxygen storage unit, and the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production units can be stored respectively through the hydrogen storage unit and the oxygen storage unit. Of course, in order to further improve the gas supply stability, in the present embodiment, the hydrogen storage units of each water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit can be connected in parallel through pipelines, and the oxygen storage units of each water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit can be connected in parallel through pipelines. At the same time, electric-controlled valves are provided on the pipelines between the hydrogen storage units or the oxygen storage units, and the corresponding electric-controlled valves can be controlled to open and close by the central control system, thereby realizing the connection of multiple hydrogen storage units or oxygen storage units, so as to facilitate the subsequent adjustment of the gas supply of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0037] In addition, the gas distribution unit described in this embodiment includes a hydrogen distribution unit and an oxygen distribution unit. The hydrogen distribution unit is respectively connected to the hydrogen storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system, and the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage unit is distributed to each fuel cell power generation system through the hydrogen distribution unit; the oxygen distribution unit is respectively connected to the oxygen storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system, and the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage unit is distributed to each fuel cell power generation system through the oxygen distribution unit.

[0038] In addition, this embodiment further discloses a fuel cell dynamic control method based on renewable energy, which is implemented based on the above fuel cell dynamic control system. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. The renewable energy power generation system supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit, and the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit dissociates and generates oxygen and hydrogen, and the generated oxygen and hydrogen are respectively introduced into the hydrogen storage unit and the oxygen storage unit of the gas storage unit; in this step, the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit receives power from the renewable energy power generation system and can continuously produce hydrogen and oxygen to realize the storage of renewable energy.

[0040] S2. According to the electricity demand of the distribution network, the central control system starts the fuel cell power generation system to provide electricity to the distribution network; according to the rated power generation power of the fuel cell power generation system, the number of fuel cell power generation systems that meet the electricity demand of the distribution network can be preliminarily calculated in advance, and then the corresponding number of fuel cell power generation systems can be started.

[0041] S3. The central control system controls the hydrogen storage unit and the oxygen storage unit of the gas storage unit to supply gas to the fuel cell power generation system. At the same time, the central control system will monitor the gas consumption of each fuel cell power generation system and the gas generation of the corresponding water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit;

[0042] S4. The central control system analyzes the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system based on the actual gas consumption and time series data in the current fuel cell power generation system. Preferably, a curve fitting method is used to fit the actual gas consumption corresponding to each time series of the current fuel cell power generation system, and the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system is obtained using the slope of the fitting curve.

[0043] And determine whether the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to each fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption:

[0044] First, the central control system monitors the gas consumption of the gas storage unit connected to the current fuel cell power generation system in real time, and uses the linear regression method to calculate and analyze the gas consumption rate of the corresponding gas storage unit;

[0045] Then, the central control system is used to monitor in real time the gas output of the electrolytic water hydrogen production and oxygen production unit connected to the corresponding gas storage unit, and calculate and analyze the gas output rate of the electrolytic water hydrogen production and oxygen production unit;

[0046] Finally, the central control system compares the gas production rate of the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit with the gas consumption rate of the gas storage unit. When the gas production rate is higher than or equal to the gas consumption rate, the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption; when the gas production rate is lower than the gas consumption rate, the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system does not meet the current consumption.

[0047] If the conditions are met, the current gas storage unit is kept connected to the fuel cell power generation system; if not, the number of water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production units connected to the current fuel cell power generation system is increased until the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit meets the current consumption. Specifically, when the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system does not meet the current consumption, the central control system will first calculate the difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate, and determine whether the gas output rate of the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit meets the difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate. If the conditions are met, the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit is connected to the current fuel cell power generation system; if not, the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit is first connected to the current fuel cell power generation system, and the current gas output rate and difference are updated, and then it is determined whether the gas output rate of the next alternative water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit meets the updated difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate. Through the above method, the central control system can monitor the gas supply and consumption of the fuel cell power generation system in real time, realize real-time synchronous dynamic control of the renewable energy power generation system, electrolysis hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation, and ensure stable power generation of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic control of fuel cells based on renewable energy, characterized in that: Applied to a fuel cell dynamic control system, the fuel cell dynamic control system comprises: Distribution network system; A renewable energy power generation system for providing electricity to the hydrogen and oxygen production units by water electrolysis; Water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit, used to produce hydrogen and oxygen using electricity from renewable energy power generation systems; A gas storage unit, used to store hydrogen and oxygen generated by the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit; A gas distribution unit for distributing hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell power generation system respectively; A fuel cell power generation system for quantitatively mixing and reacting hydrogen and oxygen stored in a gas storage unit to generate electrical energy; Central control system, used to control and distribute gas flow between gas storage units and fuel cell power generation systems, The gas storage unit includes a plurality of hydrogen storage units and a plurality of oxygen storage units, and each of the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production units is connected to at least one hydrogen storage unit and at least one oxygen storage unit, respectively, and the hydrogen storage units of each water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit are connected in parallel through pipelines, and the oxygen storage units of each water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit are connected in parallel through pipelines, The fuel cell dynamic control method based on renewable energy comprises the following steps: S1. The renewable energy power generation system supplies power to the water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit, and the water electrolysis hydrogen production and oxygen production unit dissociates and generates oxygen and hydrogen, and respectively passes the generated oxygen and hydrogen into the hydrogen storage unit and the oxygen storage unit of the gas storage unit; S2. According to the power demand of the distribution network, the central control system starts the fuel cell power generation system to provide power to the distribution network: S3. The central control system controls the hydrogen storage unit and the oxygen storage unit of the gas storage unit to supply gas to the fuel cell power generation system. At the same time, the central control system will monitor the gas consumption of each fuel cell power generation system and the gas generation of the corresponding water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit; S4. The central control system analyzes the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system based on the actual gas consumption and time series data in the current fuel cell power generation system, and determines whether the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to each fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption. If so, the current gas storage unit is kept connected to the fuel cell power generation system. If not, the number of water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production units connected to the current fuel cell power generation system is increased until the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit meets the current consumption. The specific method for determining whether the gas storage unit corresponding to each fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption in step S4 is: First, the central control system monitors the gas consumption of the gas storage unit connected to the current fuel cell power generation system in real time, and uses the linear regression method to calculate and analyze the gas consumption rate of the corresponding gas storage unit; Then, the central control system is used to monitor in real time the gas output of the electrolytic water hydrogen production and oxygen production unit connected to the corresponding gas storage unit, and calculate and analyze the gas output rate of the electrolytic water hydrogen production and oxygen production unit; The central control system compares the gas output rate of the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit with the gas consumption rate of the gas storage unit. When the gas output rate is higher than or equal to the gas consumption rate, the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system meets the current consumption; when the gas output rate is lower than the gas consumption rate, the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system does not meet the current consumption. In the step S4, when the central control system determines that the gas growth rate of the gas storage unit corresponding to the current fuel cell power generation system does not meet the current consumption, the central control system will first calculate the difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate, and determine whether the gas output rate of the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit meets the difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate. If so, the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit is connected to the current fuel cell power generation system; if not, the alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit is first connected to the current fuel cell power generation system, and the current gas output rate and the difference are updated, and then it is determined whether the gas output rate of the next alternative water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit meets the updated difference between the current gas output rate and the gas consumption rate.

2. The fuel cell dynamic control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the renewable energy power generation system includes a plurality of parallel power generation subsystem units, and each power generation subsystem unit is connected to at least one water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production unit.

3. The fuel cell dynamic control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power generation subsystem unit adopts one of photovoltaic power generation, hydroelectric power generation, wind power generation, biomass power generation or geothermal power generation.

4. The method for dynamic control of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas distribution unit includes a hydrogen distribution unit and an oxygen distribution unit. The hydrogen distribution unit is connected to the hydrogen storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system respectively, and the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage unit is distributed to each fuel cell power generation system through the hydrogen distribution unit; the oxygen distribution unit is connected to the oxygen storage unit and the fuel cell power generation system respectively, and the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage unit is distributed to each fuel cell power generation system through the oxygen distribution unit.

5. The fuel cell dynamic control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for analyzing the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system in step S4 is: using a curve fitting method to fit the actual gas consumption corresponding to each time series of the current fuel cell power generation system, and using the slope of the fitting curve to obtain the gas consumption rate of the current fuel cell power generation system.

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