Multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers, intelligent sensing anti-collision system and method

Abstract

This invention proposes a multi-level flexible anti-collision device, an intelligent sensing anti-collision system, and a method for bridge piers, relating to the field of bridge engineering technology. It comprises, from the inside out, an inner steel plate, a secondary anti-collision device, a primary anti-collision device, and a flexible direct-contact layer. The inner steel plate is arranged around the surface of the bridge pier. The secondary anti-collision device contains a spring cylinder. The primary anti-collision device includes an outer shell and an inner core layer. The inner core layer includes a closed-cell aluminum foam layer and a polyurethane layer, with the closed-cell aluminum foam layer disposed outside the polyurethane layer. This invention enables the anti-collision structure and the ship to suffer no damage or only minor damage under small impacts, and to remain effectively protected even under larger impacts, where the anti-collision structure may suffer significant damage. The bridge is unaffected by the collision impact, providing effective two-way protection between the bridge and the ship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge engineering technology, and particularly relates to a multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers, an intelligent sensing anti-collision system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the demand for bridge pier collision protection on large bridges has been increasing. For large and extra-large bridges with significant navigation requirements, the effectiveness of bridge pier collision protection facilities is crucial to ensuring the safety of the bridge structure and vehicles and pedestrians on the bridge. Currently, there are many types of bridge pier collision protection structures, which can be divided into self-floating and fixed types according to the required form of the collision protection structure.

[0003] Self-floating anti-collision structures often use polymer materials for their inner walls, but they are still inevitably subject to long-term friction and minor collisions with the bridge piers under the action of water flow and waves. However, there is no research to support the impact of this long-term action on the durability of the bridge. Fixed structures are often simple in structure and have poor anti-collision performance, and can only resist the impact of collisions with small boats.

[0004] At the same time, collision protection facilities should also ensure the safety of ships during collisions. However, the current implementation of flexible collision protection structures is not effective. When a ship collides with a bridge pier, the ship suffers significant damage, threatening the lives of the people on board.

[0005] On the other hand, the inventors discovered that there are currently few structures that can achieve graded collision protection. In cases where the aforementioned flexible collision protection structure is not effective, ships and bridge piers collide directly, and the structure cannot effectively protect ships and bridge piers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers, an intelligent sensing anti-collision system and method. Under small impacts, the anti-collision structure and the ship are undamaged or only slightly damaged. Under larger impacts, the anti-collision structure may suffer significant damage but still provides effective protection. The bridge is not affected by the collision impact, providing effective two-way protection between the bridge and the ship.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers.

[0009] The bridge pier multi-level flexible anti-collision device includes, from the inside out, an inner steel plate, a secondary anti-collision device, a primary anti-collision device, and a flexible direct contact layer. The inner steel plate is arranged around the surface of the bridge pier. The secondary anti-collision device has a spring cylinder inside. The primary anti-collision device includes an outer shell and an inner core layer. The inner core layer includes a closed-cell aluminum foam layer and a polyurethane layer. The closed-cell aluminum foam layer is disposed on the outside of the polyurethane layer.

[0010] Optionally, the secondary anti-collision device includes a housing structure, inside which multiple layers of spring assemblies are vertically arranged. Each layer of the spring assembly includes multiple spring cylinders, and the spring cylinders of adjacent layers of spring assemblies are staggered.

[0011] Optionally, the bottom of the spring cylinder is provided with a bottom buffer pad, the spring cylinder is provided with a spring component, the top of the spring component is connected to a force transmission component, the top of the force transmission component is provided with a top buffer pad, and the bottom buffer pad is connected to the inner steel plate.

[0012] Optionally, the shell structure includes an outer protective plate, an upper cover plate, and a lower cover plate, which together enclose a receiving space, and the top buffer pad is connected to the outer protective plate.

[0013] Optionally, the outer shell of the primary anti-collision device is made of fiber-reinforced composite material, which is a composite material with resin material as matrix and fiber material as reinforcing phase, and the volume content of the fiber material is 0.5%-2%; the volume ratio of the closed-cell aluminum foam layer to the polyurethane layer is 1:1.

[0014] Optionally, a fiber cloth, which is carbon fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth, is laid between the closed-cell aluminum foam layer and the polyurethane layer.

[0015] Optionally, the flexible direct contact layer is a rubber block, and the outer surface of the rubber block is covered with reflective strips.

[0016] Optionally, the primary anti-collision device is composed of multiple independent units, and each independent unit has a rubber block on its surface.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent sensing collision avoidance system for a multi-level flexible collision avoidance device for bridge piers.

[0018] The intelligent sensing anti-collision system based on the multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers described in the first aspect includes multiple force sensing components, a radar distance sensor, an audible and visual alarm, a high-definition camera, and a cloud management platform, wherein:

[0019] Both the radar distance sensor and the high-definition camera are installed on the bridge pier. The radar distance sensor is used to acquire ship movement information, and the high-definition camera is used to acquire monitoring images around the bridge pier. The monitoring images and ship movement information are sent to the cloud management platform.

[0020] The force sensing component is installed on the multi-level flexible anti-collision device of the bridge pier, and is used to monitor the magnitude of the collision impact force when a collision occurs and transmit it to the cloud management platform.

[0021] The cloud management platform is used to integrate various types of sensing data, extract key motion characteristics of ships, including speed, heading and position characteristics; analyze and sense whether ships have entered the warning area, and predict whether ships are at risk of colliding with bridge piers; when there is a risk of collision, it sends alarm signals to audible and visual alarms and user terminals; and when a collision occurs, it assesses the collision level and predicts the degree of damage based on the magnitude of the collision impact force.

[0022] The audible and visual alarm is used to receive alarm signals and perform audible and visual alarm operations.

[0023] The third aspect of this invention provides an intelligent sensing collision avoidance method based on an intelligent sensing collision avoidance system.

[0024] The intelligent perception collision avoidance method based on the intelligent perception collision avoidance system described in the second aspect includes the following steps:

[0025] Radar distance sensors acquire ship movement information, and high-definition cameras capture monitoring images around the bridge piers. The monitoring images and ship movement information are then sent to the cloud management platform.

[0026] The cloud management platform integrates and analyzes multi-source data from radar distance sensors and high-definition cameras to extract key motion characteristics of the ship, including speed, heading and position characteristics. It analyzes and senses whether the ship has entered the warning zone and predicts whether the ship is at risk of colliding with the bridge pier. When the probability of collision exceeds the set threshold, the warning mode is triggered, and alarm signals are sent to the audible and visual alarms and the user terminal.

[0027] The audible and visual alarm receives an alarm signal and activates the audible and visual alarm.

[0028] When a collision occurs, the multi-level flexible anti-collision device relies on the energy-dissipating anti-collision structure deployed layer by layer to dissipate the collision impact energy step by step, effectively protecting the safety of bridge piers and ships; the force sensing component monitors the magnitude of the collision impact force when a collision occurs and transmits it to the cloud management platform.

[0029] The cloud-based management platform assesses the collision level and predicts the degree of damage based on the magnitude of the impact force.

[0030] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention provides a multi-level flexible anti-collision device, system, and method for bridge piers. The anti-collision device is designed with a multi-level anti-collision structure. When a bridge pier collides with a ship, the collision kinetic energy is dissipated step by step through the energy-dissipating anti-collision structures arranged layer by layer outside the bridge pier. This achieves the graded anti-collision goal of "minor collisions cause minimal damage, moderate collisions are repairable, and severe collisions are easily replaced," improving the bridge pier's ability to cope with multi-level collision risks and effectively realizing dual protection for both the bridge pier and the ship, minimizing the risk of damage to both the bridge pier and the ship.

[0032] 2. The internal core layer of the first-level anti-collision device of the present invention includes a closed-cell aluminum foam layer and a polyurethane layer. The closed-cell aluminum foam used is a material with high strength and excellent energy absorption and buffering performance, while polyurethane has the characteristics of stable energy absorption and long effective energy absorption duration. The reasonable combination of the two can maximize their respective energy absorption characteristics.

[0033] 3. The outer shell of the primary anti-collision device of the present invention is made of fiber-reinforced composite material. Fiber-reinforced composite material is a composite material with resin material as matrix and fiber material as reinforcing phase. The fiber-reinforced composite material has high strength, good toughness and impact resistance. The deformation can be recovered after a small boat collision. It can play a certain buffering role and weaken the impact force during collision. At the same time, the composite material has excellent corrosion resistance and durability, which is very suitable for marine and river environments.

[0034] 4. The secondary anti-collision device of the present invention is provided with a multi-layer spring assembly. Each layer of spring assembly includes multiple spring cylinders. The adjacent layers of spring cylinders are staggered. After the impact energy is transferred to the high-damping spring of the spring cylinder, the spring is compressed. Due to the high damping characteristics of the spring, the energy is quickly dissipated and the force is relieved, thus realizing energy dissipation. The top buffer pad and the bottom buffer pad also play a certain buffering role.

[0035] 5. The multi-level anti-collision system provided by this invention is an overall prefabricated modular structure. Each component module can be prefabricated in the factory. The connection method is simple, the on-site disassembly and assembly are convenient, and the maintenance and replacement are easy. It avoids large-scale on-site operations, saves construction costs and construction time, reduces the generation of construction waste, and is conducive to low carbon and environmental protection.

[0036] 6. The intelligent perception collision avoidance system provided by this invention integrates multiple sensing elements such as radar and cameras, and is equipped with an AIS system (Automatic Identification System for Ships). It comprehensively utilizes deep learning algorithms, intelligent perception and information fusion technology, multi-target recognition and real-time tracking technology, collision prediction and risk assessment technology, risk warning and decision support technology, big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology. It can realize functions such as dynamic identification and real-time monitoring of ships, collision risk prediction and graded early warning response, remote scheduling management and intelligent decision support, and system self-optimization, effectively reducing the occurrence of collisions and providing a solid and reliable technical guarantee for ship navigation and bridge safety.

[0037] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the circular bridge pier in the first embodiment.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the circular bridge pier in the first embodiment.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the non-circular bridge pier in the first embodiment.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the circular bridge pier in the first embodiment.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the spring cylinder in the first embodiment.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method in the third embodiment.

[0045] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0046] 1. Bridge pier; 2. Inner steel plate; 3. Secondary anti-collision device; 3-1. Spring cylinder; 3-1-1. Top buffer pad; 3-1-2. Force transmission component; 3-1-3. Spring component; 3-1-4. Bottom buffer pad; 3-2. Shell structure; 3-2-1. Outer protective plate; 3-2-2. Top cover plate; 3-2-3. Bottom cover plate; 4. Primary anti-collision device; 4-1. Polyurethane layer; 4-2. Closed-cell aluminum foam layer; 4-3. Outer shell; 5. Flexible direct contact layer; 6-1. Radar distance sensor; 6-2. Audible and visual alarm; 6-3. High-definition camera. Detailed Implementation

[0047] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0048] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations of the present invention.

[0049] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] This embodiment discloses a multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the multi-level flexible anti-collision device for the bridge pier includes an inner steel plate 2 surrounding the pier 1. The outer side of the inner steel plate 2 is surrounded by a secondary anti-collision device 3, a primary anti-collision device 4, and a flexible direct contact layer 5 from the inside out. The secondary anti-collision device 3 has a spring cylinder 3-1 inside. The primary anti-collision device 4 includes an outer shell 4-3 and an inner core layer. The inner core layer includes a closed-cell aluminum foam layer 4-2 and a polyurethane layer 4-1. The closed-cell aluminum foam layer 4-2 is disposed outside the polyurethane layer 4-1.

[0053] When a ship collides with a multi-stage flexible collision avoidance device, the energy dissipates step by step, improving the ability of pier 1 to cope with multi-stage collision risks and effectively ensuring the safety of pier 1 and the ship.

[0054] Specifically, the inner steel plate 2 is fixed around the outer surface of the pier 1; the outer layer of the secondary anti-collision device 3 is a shell structure 3-2, and multiple layers of spring assemblies are uniformly arranged vertically inside the shell structure 3-2; each layer of the spring assembly includes multiple spring cylinders 3-1, and the spring cylinders 3-1 are fixed to the outside of the inner steel plate 2.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, a bottom buffer pad 3-1-4 is provided at the bottom of the spring cylinder 3-1, a high-damping spring component 3-1-3 is provided inside the spring cylinder 3-1, a force transmission component 3-1-2 is connected to the top of the high-damping spring component 3-1-3, a top buffer pad 3-1-1 is provided on the top of the force transmission component 3-1-2, and the bottom buffer pad 3-1-4 is connected to the inner steel plate 2.

[0056] Each spring cylinder 3-1 is provided with a set (two) of high-damping spring components 3-1-3. The high-damping spring component 3-1-3 is a high-performance high-damping spring, and the position and shape of the spring are constrained by a fixed shaft. On the one hand, the collision kinetic energy can be converted into elastic potential energy, and the energy can be quickly dissipated and the force can be relieved by the high damping characteristics. On the other hand, the spring shape is maintained under the constraint of the fixed shaft, so as not to be crushed, twisted or folded.

[0057] The top buffer pad 3-1-1 and the bottom buffer pad 3-1-4 have the same structure, both consisting of two layers of high-performance rubber sandwiching an EVA gasket; the force transmission component is a steel assembly.

[0058] The spring cylinders 3-1 are arranged in several layers vertically. Depending on the size and shape of the applicable bridge pier 1, at least three layers are provided, with at least eight spring cylinders in each layer. Adjacent layers of spring cylinders 3-1 are staggered. In this embodiment, five layers of spring cylinders 3-1 are arranged vertically, with eight spring cylinders in each layer. The spring cylinders 3-1 in different layers are staggered and interspersed, forming a quincunx pattern, ensuring comprehensive protection of the bridge pier 1 and maximizing its impact resistance.

[0059] The secondary anti-collision device 3 in this embodiment is equipped with a multi-layer spring assembly. Each layer of spring assembly includes multiple spring cylinders 3-1. The spring cylinders 3-1 of adjacent layers of spring assembly are staggered. After the impact energy is transferred to the spring component 3-1-3, the spring is compressed. Due to the high damping characteristics of the spring, the energy is quickly dissipated and the force is released. The top buffer pad 3-1-1 and the bottom buffer pad 3-1-4 also play a certain degree of buffering role.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, the shell structure 3-2 is composed of an outer protective plate 3-2-1, an upper cover plate 3-2-2, and a lower cover plate 3-2-3. The outer protective plate 3-2-1, the upper cover plate 3-2-2, and the lower cover plate 3-2-3 are assembled together to form an accommodating space. The outer protective plate 3-2-1 is connected and fitted to the top buffer pad 3-1-1.

[0061] Both the upper cover plate 3-2-2 and the lower cover plate 3-2-3 have several inspection holes for personnel to inspect and maintain. They are closed in normal operation and are treated with waterproof and anti-corrosion measures.

[0062] To facilitate transportation and on-site assembly, the outer protective plate 3-2-1, the upper cover plate 3-2-2, and the lower cover plate 3-2-3 are each provided in several pieces. At least two pieces are required depending on the size and shape of the applicable pier 1. The shell structure 3-2 can be assembled using high-strength bolts or welding. In this embodiment, the outer protective plate 3-2-1, the upper cover plate 3-2-2, and the lower cover plate 3-2-3 are all two-piece structures. The outer protective plate 3-2-1 is semi-cylindrical, while the upper cover plate 3-2-2 and the lower cover plate 3-2-3 are both semi-circular rings.

[0063] The secondary anti-collision device is a modular prefabricated structure, in which the spring cylinder 3-1 can be directly aligned and installed on the inner steel plate 2, and the outer shell structure 3-2 is assembled on the outside of the spring cylinder 3-1, so that the spring cylinder 3-1 and the shell structure 3-2 are connected and fixed.

[0064] More specifically, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the shell structure 3-2 is connected to the primary anti-collision device 4 by high-strength bolts; the outermost layer of the primary anti-collision device 4 is the outer shell 4-3; the outer shell 4-3 wraps the inner core layer, which is composed of a polyurethane layer 4-1 and a closed-cell aluminum foam layer 4-2; the closed-cell aluminum foam layer 4-2 is disposed outside the polyurethane layer 4-1; the polyurethane layer 4-1 and the closed-cell aluminum foam layer 4-2 are of the same thickness, and a fiber cloth is laid between the two energy-absorbing materials.

[0065] The outer shell 4-3 is a lightweight and high-strength fiber-reinforced composite material, which is a composite material with resin material as the matrix and fiber material as the reinforcing phase;

[0066] Preferably, the resin material is one of epoxy resin or unsaturated polyester resin, etc.; the fiber material is one or more commonly used fiber materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, polypropylene fiber, and steel fiber. The fiber content of the composite material significantly affects the strength, toughness, impact resistance, and other properties of the material. Depending on the impact force level and magnitude, the fiber volume content is designed to be 0.5%-2%. In this embodiment, epoxy resin is selected as the matrix material, and 1.5% basalt fiber is added as the reinforcing phase material.

[0067] In this embodiment, the outer shell 4-3 of the primary anti-collision device is a fiber-reinforced composite material with resin material as the matrix and fiber material as the reinforcing phase. It has high strength, good toughness and impact resistance, and can recover its deformation after a small boat collision. It can play a certain buffering role during collision impact and weaken the impact force. At the same time, the composite material has excellent corrosion resistance and durability, making it very suitable for marine and river environments.

[0068] The internal core layer is a combination structure of closed-cell aluminum foam and polyurethane. The energy absorption and dissipation effect of the combination structure is closely related to the combination of the two materials. Preferably, the combination of aluminum foam and polyurethane in the core layer is 1:1. A fiber cloth is laid between the two energy-absorbing materials in the core layer to extend the effective duration of the energy-absorbing materials, and an adhesive layer is applied to connect and adhere it to the two energy-absorbing materials.

[0069] The fiber cloth is preferably carbon fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth. In this embodiment, the fiber cloth is carbon fiber cloth.

[0070] The internal core layer of the primary anti-collision device in this embodiment includes a closed-cell aluminum foam layer and a polyurethane layer. The closed-cell aluminum foam used is a material with high strength and excellent energy absorption and buffering performance, while polyurethane has the characteristics of stable energy absorption and long effective energy absorption duration. The reasonable combination of the two can maximize their respective energy absorption characteristics.

[0071] The first-level anti-collision device 4 is a prefabricated assembly structure, composed of several independent units. The independent units are connected by mortise and tenon joints, pins, or bolts. The number and size of the independent units are determined according to the size and shape of the applicable bridge pier 1. Multiple layers can be set vertically, with no less than 8 units per layer. In this embodiment, the independent units are connected by mortise and tenon joints, with 3 layers set vertically, and 8 independent units arranged in each layer.

[0072] The flexible direct-contact layer 5 is fixed to the outside of the primary anti-collision device 4. The flexible direct-contact layer 5 consists of several high-performance rubber blocks, prefabricated together with the independent units of the primary anti-collision device, and fixed to the outside of each independent unit, serving a buffering and protective function. The number and arrangement of the rubber blocks are the same as those of the independent units of the primary anti-collision device 4, but their planar dimensions are slightly smaller than those of the independent units.

[0073] The multi-level flexible anti-collision device has diagonal reflective strips affixed to its surface, such as black and yellow bicolor reflective strips, to serve as a warning to ships at night.

[0074] This embodiment, through the above-described structure, enables the anti-collision structure and the ship to remain undamaged or only slightly damaged under minor impacts, while under larger impacts the anti-collision structure may suffer significant damage but still provide effective protection. The bridge is unaffected by the collision impact, and the anti-collision structure is easy to repair and replace.

[0075] The multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers provided in this embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, a hierarchical response mechanism is provided:

[0076] When a collision occurs, the outermost flexible direct contact layer 5 first comes into direct contact with the ship. The high-performance rubber block protects the ship and reduces potential damage. On the other hand, it buffers the impact energy and converts it into elastic potential energy. The elastic collision changes the direction of the collision force, thereby changing the ship's direction of motion and avoiding continuous impact.

[0077] Subsequently, the impact causes localized elastic / plastic indentation in the composite material shell 4-3. The densely packed fiber material disperses the impact force and compresses the internal energy-absorbing buffer composite material. The well-coordinated deformation mechanism of the composite material enables rapid and stable absorption of impact energy. When the impact energy is small, the stable dissipation of energy is mainly achieved through the compression deformation of the polyurethane layer 4-1. When the impact energy is large, the closed-cell aluminum foam layer 4-2 and the polyurethane layer 4-1 deform in coordination, with the two materials working together to effectively utilize their respective excellent energy-absorbing properties and jointly dissipate the impact energy. At the same time, the independent units of the primary anti-collision device 4 influence each other, and the stress is dispersed to other adjacent units.

[0078] The remaining impact energy is further transferred to the secondary anti-collision device 3. The high-damping spring element 3-1-3 in one or more spring cylinders 3-1 is compressed. Due to its high damping characteristics, it quickly dissipates energy and relieves force, and the energy is further dissipated. At the same time, the top buffer pad 3-1-1 and the bottom buffer pad 3-1-4 also play a certain degree of buffering role.

[0079] Impact energy gradually dissipates in the energy-consuming structures at each level. When different levels of impact energy are applied, the multi-level collision protection system produces different degrees of damage. It can basically achieve the graded protection goal of "minor impact with minimal damage, moderate impact with repairable damage, and heavy impact with easy replacement", which improves the ability of bridge piers to cope with multi-level collision risks and effectively protects the safety of bridge piers and ships.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] This embodiment discloses a multi-level flexible anti-collision system for bridge piers with dual protection against both bridges and ships.

[0082] like Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent sensing anti-collision system based on the multi-level flexible anti-collision device for bridge piers described in Embodiment 1 includes multiple force sensing components, a radar distance sensor 6-1, an audible and visual alarm 6-2, a high-definition camera 6-3, and a cloud management platform, wherein:

[0083] Both the radar distance sensor 6-1 and the high-definition camera 6-3 are installed on the pier 1. The radar distance sensor 6-1 is used to acquire ship motion information, and the high-definition camera 6-3 is used to acquire monitoring images around the pier 1 and send the monitoring images and ship motion information to the cloud management platform.

[0084] In this embodiment, the audible and visual alarm 6-2 is also installed on the bridge pier 1 to emit an audible and visual alarm.

[0085] Force sensing components are installed on the multi-level flexible anti-collision device of the bridge pier to monitor the magnitude of the collision impact force when a collision occurs and transmit it to the cloud management platform.

[0086] The cloud-based management platform is used to integrate various types of sensor data, extract key motion characteristics of ships, including speed, heading, and position; analyze and sense whether ships have entered warning zones, and predict the risk of collision with bridge piers; send alarm signals to the audible and visual alarm 6-2 and user terminals, and provide decision support to user terminals to assist managers in reasonable scheduling; assess the collision level and predict the degree of damage based on the magnitude of the collision impact force; automatically store alarm and collision information; and monitor the working status of various sensing devices to detect damage in a timely manner.

[0087] The audible and visual alarm 6-2 is used to receive alarm signals and perform audible and visual alarm operations.

[0088] The implementation of the various functions of the intelligent perception collision avoidance system provided in this embodiment relies on a variety of intelligent technologies and algorithms, such as deep learning algorithms, intelligent perception and information fusion technology, multi-target recognition and real-time tracking technology, risk assessment and decision support technology, big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology, etc. It can realize real-time perception, risk assessment, collision prediction, hierarchical early warning and scheduling management of the monitored area, thereby reducing the occurrence of collision accidents.

[0089] The intelligent perception collision avoidance system provided in this embodiment has two working modes: a standby mode and an alarm mode.

[0090] In standby mode:

[0091] like Figure 6 As shown, radar sensor 6-1 emits electromagnetic waves and uses the Doppler effect to sense the wave signals transmitted back by the ship, monitoring the ship's motion information in real time. High-definition camera 6-3 monitors the operating status of ships on the water in real time. The cloud management platform uses big data analysis and multi-target dynamic recognition and tracking technology based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to capture image data from high-definition camera 6-3, match feature point element information, extract key motion features of the identified ship such as size, speed, heading, and position, and fuse multi-source data through multi-sensor information fusion technology. Then, based on real-time multi-source fused data comprehensive analysis, the platform senses whether the ship has entered the warning area, runs a risk assessment model in real time, calculates the collision probability, determines whether the ship may collide with bridge pier 1, and performs risk assessment and collision prediction.

[0092] Alarm mode:

[0093] When a vessel is detected crossing the safety zone and entering the Level 1 alarm area, the warning mode is automatically triggered, activating the Level 1 alarm. At this time, the audible and visual alarm 6-2 receives the warning signal and triggers the audible and visual alarm to alert the crew to promptly detect the risk and steer away or change course to avoid it. If the vessel fails to take timely action and enters the Level 2 alarm area, the Level 2 alarm is activated, the audible and visual alarm 6-2 continuously sounds the alarm, the platform predicts a high probability of collision with pier 1, and sends alarm information to management personnel, providing decision-making plans and assisting management in reasonable scheduling; simultaneously, management personnel can use the onboard AIS system to contact the crew of the target vessel, reminding them to take timely measures to avoid the collision risk or minimize losses.

[0094] When a collision cannot be avoided, force sensing components distributed across a multi-level collision avoidance system can record and transmit the magnitude of the impact force. The platform can then assess the collision level and predict the extent of damage, providing decision support for accident handling and system maintenance. Simultaneously, warning and collision information will also be automatically stored in a cloud database as supporting data for system self-optimization.

[0095] After the vessel leaves the warning area, the intelligent sensing and control system returns to standby mode, and the alarm is deactivated. The cloud management platform can also remotely control each sensing component and monitor its operational status, enabling timely repair and replacement in case of damage.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] This embodiment provides an intelligent perception collision avoidance method.

[0098] Based on the intelligent perception collision avoidance system described in Embodiment 2, the intelligent perception collision avoidance method is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0099] Radar distance sensor 6-1 acquires ship movement information, and high-definition camera 6-3 acquires monitoring images around pier 1, sending the monitoring images and ship movement information to the cloud management platform;

[0100] The cloud management platform integrates and analyzes multi-source data from radar distance sensor 6-1 and high-definition camera 6-3 to extract key motion characteristics of the ship, including speed, heading and position characteristics. It analyzes and senses whether the ship has entered the warning area and predicts whether the ship is at risk of colliding with the bridge pier. Once the collision probability exceeds the set threshold, the warning mode is immediately triggered, sending alarm signals to the audible and visual alarm 6-2 and the user terminal, and providing decision support to the user terminal to assist the management personnel in reasonable scheduling.

[0101] The audible and visual alarm 6-2 receives alarm signals and activates the audible and visual alarm to alert crew members to potential risks and enable them to take timely and appropriate measures to reduce the probability of collision.

[0102] When a collision occurs, the multi-level flexible anti-collision device relies on the energy-dissipating anti-collision structures deployed layer by layer to dissipate the impact energy of the collision step by step, effectively protecting the safety of bridge piers and ships.

[0103] The force sensing component monitors the magnitude of the impact force when a collision occurs and transmits it to the cloud management platform;

[0104] The cloud management platform assesses the collision level and predicts the degree of damage based on the magnitude of the impact force, and stores the collision information in the database to achieve system self-optimization.

[0105] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage flexible anti-collision device for a bridge pier, characterized in that, It comprises, from inside to outside, an inner steel plate, a secondary anti-collision device, a primary anti-collision device and a flexible straight contact layer, the inner steel plate is arranged around the surface of the pier, the secondary anti-collision device is internally provided with a spring cylinder, the primary anti-collision device comprises a shell and an internal sandwich layer, the internal sandwich layer comprises a closed-cell aluminum foam layer and a polyurethane layer, the closed-cell aluminum foam layer is arranged outside the polyurethane layer; the volume ratio of the closed-cell aluminum foam layer to the polyurethane layer is 1:1; a fiber cloth is laid between the closed-cell aluminum foam layer and the polyurethane layer, the fiber cloth is a carbon fiber cloth or a glass fiber cloth; The secondary anti-collision device comprises a shell structure, a plurality of spring assemblies are vertically arranged in the shell structure, each spring assembly comprises a plurality of spring cylinders, the spring cylinders of adjacent two spring assemblies are staggered and arranged in a plum-blossom pile shape; The bottom of the spring cylinder is provided with a bottom end buffer pad, the inside of the spring cylinder is provided with a spring piece, the top of the spring piece is connected with a force transmission assembly, the top of the force transmission assembly is provided with a top end buffer pad, and the bottom end buffer pad is connected with the inner steel plate; The force transmission assembly is a steel assembly; A group of high-damping spring pieces are arranged in each spring cylinder, the high-damping spring pieces are high-performance high-damping springs, and the positions and shapes of the springs are constrained by fixing shafts; The shell of the primary anti-collision device is a fiber reinforced composite material, the fiber reinforced composite material is a composite material taking a resin material as a matrix and taking a fiber material as a reinforcing phase, the volume content of the fiber material is 0.5%-2%, the resin material is an epoxy resin or an unsaturated polyester resin, and the fiber material is one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, polypropylene fiber and steel fiber; The primary anti-collision device is composed of a plurality of independent units, and each independent unit is provided with a rubber block on the surface; The primary anti-collision device is a prefabricated assembly type structure, the number and size of the independent units are determined according to the size and shape of the applicable pier, a plurality of layers can be vertically arranged, and each layer is not less than 8; the independent units are connected through a mortise and tenon structure; The flexible straight contact layer is fixed to the outside of the primary anti-collision device, the flexible straight contact layer is a plurality of high-performance rubber blocks, and the primary anti-collision device and the independent units are prefabricated together and fixed to the outside of each independent unit; the number and arrangement form of the rubber blocks are the same as those of the independent units of the primary anti-collision device, and the planar size is slightly smaller than that of the independent units; The shell structure comprises an outer protective plate, an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate, the outer protective plate, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate jointly enclose a containing space, and the top end buffer pad is connected with the outer protective plate; The upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are both provided with a plurality of inspection holes for personnel inspection, and are closed in daily state and are well treated for waterproofing and corrosion prevention.

2. The multi-stage flexible crashworthy pier of claim 1, wherein The flexible straight contact layer is a rubber block, and a reflective strip is attached to the outer surface of the rubber block.

3. The intelligent perception anti-collision system based on the multi-stage flexible anti-collision device of the bridge pier according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, It comprises a plurality of force sensing assemblies, a radar distance sensor, an audible and visual alarm, a high-definition camera and a cloud management platform, wherein: The radar distance sensor and the high-definition camera are arranged on the pier, the radar distance sensor is used for acquiring ship motion information, and the high-definition camera is used for acquiring a monitoring picture around the pier, and the monitoring picture and the ship motion information are sent to a cloud management platform; The force sensing assembly is arranged on the multi-stage flexible anti-collision device of the pier, and is used for monitoring the size of the collision impact force when the collision occurs, and transmitting to the cloud management platform; The cloud management platform is used for fusing various sensing data, extracting key motion characteristics of the ship, including speed, heading and position characteristics, analyzing and sensing whether the ship enters an alarm area, predicting whether the ship has a risk of colliding with the pier, sending an alarm signal to the audible and light alarm and the user terminal when the collision risk exists, and evaluating the collision level and predicting the damage degree based on the size of the collision impact force when the collision occurs; The audible and light alarm is used for receiving the alarm signal and performing audible and light alarm operation.

4. A method for intelligent perception collision avoidance based on the intelligent perception collision avoidance system of claim 3, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The radar distance sensor acquires ship motion information, the high-definition camera acquires a monitoring picture around the pier, and the monitoring picture and the ship motion information are sent to a cloud management platform; The cloud management platform fuses and analyzes multi-source data from the radar distance sensor and the high-definition camera, extracts key motion characteristics of the ship, including speed, heading and position characteristics, analyzes and senses whether the ship enters an alarm area, and predicts whether the ship has a risk of colliding with the pier; when the collision probability exceeds a set threshold, a warning mode is triggered, and an alarm signal is sent to the audible and light alarm and the user terminal; The audible and light alarm receives the alarm signal and performs audible and light alarm; When the collision occurs, the multi-stage flexible anti-collision device relies on the energy dissipation anti-collision structure arranged layer by layer, so that the collision impact energy is dissipated step by step, and the safety of the pier and the ship is effectively protected; the force sensing assembly monitors the size of the collision impact force when the collision occurs, and transmits to the cloud management platform; The cloud management platform evaluates the collision level and predicts the damage degree based on the size of the collision impact force.

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