Ecological restoration method for stellarietum type degraded alpine grassland

Abstract

The application provides a method for ecological restoration of a degenerated alpine meadow of Stellera chamaejasme, and the method is as follows: arranging a sunshade net to inhibit photosynthesis of Stellera chamaejasme, improve photosynthesis of constructive species with low light saturation point, and reduce water evaporation on the ground, so as to create favorable competition conditions for shallow-rooted constructive species; removing seeds before fruit drop through fruiting cutting to prevent sexual reproduction and spread of Stellera chamaejasme; mixing annual and perennial plants to form a competitive relationship with Stellera chamaejasme for light and water resources, and to attack Stellera chamaejasme from top and bottom; and appropriately rotating grazing to moderately interfere with the ecological system and maintain stability of the ecological system, so as to achieve the purpose of restoration of the alpine meadow. The method is based on the botanical characteristics of Stellera chamaejasme, does not introduce exogenous chemical toxic substances in the implementation process, and has low implementation cost, so it is hopeful to be applied on a large scale in restoration of the degenerated alpine meadow of Stellera chamaejasme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of degraded alpine grassland restoration technology, specifically relating to a method for ecological restoration of wolfsbane-type degraded alpine grassland. Background Technology

[0002] The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a vital ecological security barrier for my country and the source area of ​​major international rivers, holding an extremely important ecological position. Furthermore, it is a significant base for my country's distinctive livestock production, supplying over 90% of the world's yaks. Wolfsbane is a typical poisonous and harmful species; ingestion by livestock can cause poisoning, and it also encroaches on native plant niches, endangering the health of grassland ecosystems.

[0003] Currently, the control of *Euphorbia fischeriana* mainly employs physical and chemical methods. Physical methods primarily involve manual removal, which, while effective under specific conditions, is costly and difficult to implement on a large scale. Chemical control mainly involves pesticide spraying, which can be applied over larger areas, but carries significant ecological risks and has limited adaptability to pastoral areas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop biological control methods, specifically environmentally friendly ecological restoration technologies for degraded grasslands, based on the growth, reproduction, and dispersal characteristics of *Euphorbia fischeriana* and the degree of degradation of *Euphorbia fischeriana*-affected grasslands, to promote the coordinated restoration of the ecological and productive functions of degraded alpine grasslands. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an ecological restoration method for degraded alpine grasslands of the *Euphorbia fischeriana* type. This restoration method is developed based on the growth and reproductive characteristics of *Euphorbia fischeriana*, which has a high light compensation point, large seed quantity, and deep root system. It combines shading, fruit harvesting, ecological reseeding, and moderate grazing. Based on the botanical characteristics of *Euphorbia fischeriana*, the implementation process does not introduce exogenous chemical toxins, has low implementation costs, and can be applied on a large scale in the restoration of degraded alpine grasslands of *Euphorbia fischeriana* type.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for ecological restoration of degraded alpine grassland of the wolfsbane type, the restoration method comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. In the first year, the concentrated area of ​​wolfsbane in the degraded grassland is fenced off, and from the greening period, the concentrated area of ​​wolfsbane is shaded with shade nets; after the flowering period and before the fruiting period of wolfsbane, the top of wolfsbane is cut, and the seed-bearing part of wolfsbane is removed and disposed of in a centralized manner. The shade nets are removed before cutting.

[0007] S2. From late May to mid-June of the second year after enclosure, ecological reseeding of degraded grassland shall be carried out, and the shade net shall be used again for shading treatment for 1 year.

[0008] S3, in the third year after fencing, according to the wolf poison control situation, repeat the measures of cutting the top of wolf poison in S1 and ecological reseeding of degraded grassland in S2; after continuous fencing for 3-5 years, according to the wolf poison control situation again, winter rest and summer rotation measures are carried out.

[0009] Preferably, the specification of the shading net in S1 is that the shading rate is 45-55%, and the black color is 4 needles, and the method of the shading treatment is that the shading net is supported at four corners and is away from the ground at a height of 10-15 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the cutting in S1 adopts mechanical cutting or manual cutting, and the mechanical cutting is that the cutter head is 5-10 cm away from the ground.

[0011] Preferably, the method of the ecological reseeding of degraded grassland in S2 is that annual forage crops and perennial forage grasses are mixedly sown, the sowing mode adopts mechanical ditching and strip sowing, the sowing density of the annual forage crops is 5-15 kg / mu, the sowing density of the perennial forage grasses is 1-5 kg / mu, the sowing depth of the annual forage crops and the perennial forage grasses is 2-5 cm, and after sowing, the sowing area is covered by a disc harrow or manual pegging, and then the sowing area is subjected to pressing treatment.

[0012] Preferably, the annual forage crops are oats, highland barley or triticale, and the perennial forage grasses are any two of Poa infirma, Elymus nutans and Puccinellia distans.

[0013] Preferably, the specification of the shading net in S2 is that the shading rate is 45-50%, and the black color is 4 needles, and the method of the shading treatment is that the shading net is supported at four corners and is away from the ground at a height of 50-60 cm.

[0014] Preferably, according to the wolf poison control situation in S3, the wolf poison coverage is still higher than the vegetation coverage of the reseeded annual forage crops and perennial forage grasses, and the wolf poison importance value is greater than or equal to 20%, and according to the wolf poison control situation again, the wolf poison importance value is less than 20%, and the rotation cycle of the summer rotation is that the animals are grazed for 10 days and are rested for 20 days.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0016] Firstly, the present application is directed to the characteristics of high light compensation point and deep root system of Stellera chamaejasme, and the sunshade net is used to inhibit the photosynthesis of Stellera chamaejasme. On the one hand, shading can weaken the photosynthesis of Stellera chamaejasme, inhibit the growth of Stellera chamaejasme, and has no significant effect on the photosynthesis of other plants. On the other hand, the sunshade net can reduce the evaporation of surface water, which is beneficial to the growth of shallow-rooted plants and creates favorable competition conditions for the construction of plant species. Secondly, in view of the characteristics of large amount of Stellera chamaejasme fruits and rapid spread, the cutting and removal are carried out before the fruit falls off, which prevents the sexual reproduction of Stellera chamaejasme and prevents further spread. Thirdly, annual and perennial plants are mixed and sowed, which forms a competitive relationship with Stellera chamaejasme, especially the annual crops with tall plants, which can quickly occupy the advantage in light competition and is beneficial to the growth of perennial grasses, and forms an up-down encirclement situation with Stellera chamaejasme. Finally, after 3-5 years of repair, appropriate rotational grazing can be carried out, which is beneficial to the health of the ecological system and maintains the balance of the ecological system, so as to achieve the purpose of repairing the alpine grassland.

[0017] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is the promotion effect of the repair method in example 1 of the present application on vegetation coverage.

[0019] Figure 2 is the promotion effect of the repair method in example 1 of the present application on total biomass.

[0020] Figure 3 is the inhibition effect of the repair method in example 1 of the present application on Stellera chamaejasme biomass and the promotion effect on other plant biomass.

[0021] Figure 4 is the reduction effect of the repair method in example 1 of the present application on the important value of Stellera chamaejasme. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Example 1

[0023] This example is carried out in the 14th village of Naqu Town, Seni District, Naqu Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, and the vegetation condition is that the original dominant species is Kobresia pygmaea, and after degradation, Stellera chamaejasme becomes the dominant species.

[0024] The Stellera chamaejasme type degraded alpine grassland ecological repair method provided in this example comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1, taking a 4-hectare degraded grassland area with concentrated distribution of Stipa bungeana as a sample plot, the sample plot was enclosed in the first year, and from the regreening period (mid-May), the sample plot was shaded with a black shading net with a shading rate of 45%-55% and a 4-needle specification, the shading net was 15 cm from the ground, and the four corners of the shading net were supported away from the ground; after the flowering period of S. bungeana and before the fruiting period (mid-July), the top of S. bungeana was mechanically cut, the cutting head was 7 cm from the ground, and the seed-bearing part of the top of S. bungeana was removed for centralized treatment, and the shading net was removed before cutting, and the growth of other plants was avoided during cutting;

[0026] S2, from late May to mid-June of the second year after enclosure, the degraded grassland was ecologically re-seeded, and the re-seeding was performed by mechanical ditching and strip seeding; the seeding amount of the annual forage crop, oat, was 6 kg / acre, the seeding amount of the perennial forage crop, Poa pratensis and Elymus nutans, was 1.5 kg / acre, and the seeding depth of the three crops was 3 cm; after seeding, the seeding area was covered with a disc harrow, and the seeding area was compacted;

[0027] After seeding, the shading net with a specification of a black shading rate of 45%-50% and a 4-needle specification was used for shading treatment for 1 year, the shading net was arranged away from the ground at the four corners, and the height of the shading net from the ground was increased to 50 cm, and the height of the shading net from the ground was greater than the growth height of the re-seeded forage crops (annual forage crops and perennial forage crops);

[0028] S3, in the third year after enclosure, according to the control of S. bungeana (the coverage of S. bungeana was still higher than that of the re-seeded annual forage crops and perennial forage crops, and the important value of S. bungeana was greater than or equal to 20%), the top of S. bungeana was repeatedly cut, and the seed-bearing part of the top of S. bungeana was removed for centralized treatment, and the measures of the ecological re-seeding of the degraded grassland were repeated to ensure that the re-seeded annual forage crops and perennial forage crops had a competitive advantage;

[0029] After 3-5 years of continuous enclosure, according to the control of S. bungeana (the important value of S. bungeana was less than 20%), winter rest-grazing (October to the following May) and summer rotational grazing (June to September) measures were taken, the rotational grazing cycle was 10 days of grazing and 20 days of rest, and the restored grassland was disturbed to maintain its ecological stability.

[0030] The shading rate of the shading net in this embodiment S1 can be 45%, 47%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 54% or 55%; the height of the shading net from the ground can be 10 cm, 10.5 cm, 11 cm, 11.5 cm, 12 cm, 12.5 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm, 14.5 cm or 15 cm; the distance of the cutter head from the ground during mechanical mowing can be 5, 6 cm, 6.5 cm, 7.5 cm, 8 cm, 8.5 cm, 9 cm, 9.5 cm or 10 cm; the annual forage crop in S2 can also be highland barley or triticale; the perennial forage grass can also be any two of Poa infirma, Elymus nutans and Puccinellia distans; the seeding depth of the annual forage crop and the perennial forage grass can also be 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm or 5 cm; the seeding density of the annual forage crop can also be 5 kg / mu, 5.5 kg / mu, 6.5 kg / mu, 7 kg / mu, 8 kg / mu, 8.5 kg / mu, 9 kg / mu, 10 kg / mu, 11 kg / mu, 12 kg / mu, 13 kg / mu, 14 kg / mu, 14.5 kg / mu or 15 kg / mu, and the seeding density of the perennial forage grass can also be 1 kg / mu, 2 kg / mu, 2.5 kg / mu, 3 kg / mu, 3.5 kg / mu, 4 kg / mu, 4.5 kg / mu or 5 kg / mu; the shading rate of the shading net can be 45%, 47%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 54% or 55%; the height of the shading net from the ground can be 50 cm, 50.5 cm, 51 cm, 51.5 cm, 52 cm, 52.5 cm, 53 cm, 54 cm, 54.5 cm, 55 cm, 56 cm, 57 cm, 58 cm, 59 cm or 59.5 cm.

[0031] Result analysis:

[0032] Five sample strips with an area of 50 m x 100 m were randomly set in the above-mentioned sample plot, and the distance between each sample strip was 25 m. Ten 50 cm x 50 cm small sample plots were randomly set in each sample strip, the plant species in each small sample plot was recorded, and then the quadrat method (composed of 100 5 cm x 5 cm grids) was used to measure the community coverage and height. The above-ground parts of the plants in the small sample plots were cut to the ground and weighed. After the restoration method in this embodiment was used, the results were as follows:

[0033] Figure 1 For the improvement effect of the restoration method in embodiment 1 on vegetation coverage, it can be seen from the figure that the vegetation coverage of the restored grassland increased from 37% to 86%; Figure 2 For the improvement effect of the restoration method in embodiment 1 on total biomass, it can be seen from the figure that the total biomass of the community increased from 42 g·m -2 to 135 g·m -2; Figure 3 The inhibition effect of the restoration method in Example 1 on the biomass of Stellera chamaejasme and the promotion effect on the biomass of other plants, wherein the biomass of Stellera chamaejasme is reduced by 56%, and the biomass of other plants is increased by 6 times; Figure 4 The reduction effect of the restoration method in Example 1 on the important value of Stellera chamaejasme, wherein the important value is reduced from 54% to 7%. It can be seen that the restoration effect is very significant.

[0034] The restoration method of the present application inhibits the photosynthesis of Stellera chamaejasme by arranging the sunshade net, improves the photosynthesis of the constructive species with low light saturation point, and reduces the evaporation of ground water, thereby creating favorable competition conditions for the shallow-rooted constructive species; through the method of cutting during the fruiting period, the seeds are removed before fruiting, thereby preventing the sexual reproduction and spread of Stellera chamaejasme; through the mixed sowing of annual forage crops and perennial grasses, the competition relationship of light and water resources is formed with Stellera chamaejasme, and the top and bottom attacks are carried out; through appropriate rotational grazing, the ecological system is moderately disturbed, and the stability of the ecological system is maintained, thereby achieving the purpose of restoration of the alpine meadow.

[0035] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiment are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of a degenerated alpine meadow of the wolfberry type, characterized in that, The repair method comprises the following steps: S1, the first year of the wolf poison concentrated patch area in the degraded grassland is enclosed and handled, and from the green-up period, the wolf poison concentrated patch area is shaded with a sunshade net, the sunshade net is supported at four corners and is away from the ground by 10-15 cm; after the wolf poison flowering period and before the fruiting period, the top of the wolf poison is mowed, and the seed setting part of the wolf poison is removed and concentrated for treatment, and the sunshade net is removed before mowing; S2, from the end of May to the middle of June of the second year after the enclosure, the degraded grassland is ecologically supplemented and sown, and the sunshade net is used for shading treatment again for one year, the sunshade net is supported at four corners and is away from the ground by 50-60 cm; The method for the degraded grassland ecological supplement and sowing is that annual forage crops and perennial forage grasses are mixed and sown, the annual forage crops are oats, highland barley or triticale, and the perennial forage grasses are any two of cold early grass, slender wheatgrass and alkali grass; S3, in the third year after the enclosure, if the wolf poison coverage is still higher than the vegetation coverage of the supplemented annual forage crops and perennial forage grasses, and the wolf poison importance value is greater than or equal to 20%, the measures of mowing the top of the wolf poison in S1 and the degraded grassland ecological supplement and sowing in S2 are repeated; after 3-5 years of continuous enclosure, if the wolf poison importance value is less than 20%, the measures of winter rest and summer rotation are taken.

2. The ecological restoration method of the degenerated alpine meadow of the lupine type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specification of the sunshade net in S1 is that the shading rate is 45-55%, and the black color is 4 needles.

3. The ecological restoration method of the degenerated alpine meadow of the wolfberry type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mowing in S1 adopts mechanical mowing or manual mowing, and the mechanical mowing is that the cutter head is 5-10 cm away from the ground.

4. The ecological restoration method of the degenerated alpine meadow of the lupine type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing method of the degraded grassland ecological supplement and sowing in S2 adopts mechanical ditching and strip sowing, the sowing density of the annual forage crops is 5-15 kg / mu, the sowing density of the perennial forage grasses is 1-5 kg / mu, and the sowing depth of the annual forage crops and the perennial forage grasses is 2-5 cm; after sowing, the sowing area is covered with a disc harrow or manually pegged, and then the sowing area is pressed.

5. The ecological restoration method of the degenerated alpine meadow of the wolfberry type according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation period of the summer rotation in S3 is that the livestock is grazed for 10 days and rested for 20 days.

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