Method for establishing water delivery system in forest fire fighting with water

Abstract

The application provides a method for establishing a water delivery system in forest fire extinguishing by water, and a series of formulas derived by measuring the resistance coefficient of a single water hose provide an easy-to-understand, simple and comprehensive basis and method for establishing the water delivery system in forest fire extinguishing by water, and solve most problems in establishing the water delivery system. The application relates to the technical field of forest fire extinguishing, and fills the vacancy of the operability method for establishing the water delivery system by the first-line commander. The application can guarantee that the water delivery system meets the target flow requirement with the least equipment and manpower investment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest fire fighting technology, and in particular to a method for establishing a water delivery system in forest fire fighting using water. Background Technology

[0002] Existing research on water conveyance system construction methods mainly focuses on the construction methods and requirements of water conveyance systems in different terrains and landforms. Some methods can only solve the problem of constructing water conveyance systems in a certain type of terrain and do not have universal applicability; some methods are too complex and require high mathematical calculations, and cannot be simplified to the point that front-line commanders can directly apply them in the field in a short period of time without internet coverage.

[0003] Most existing methods for establishing water conveyance systems are based on experience summaries of single terrain types, and some theoretical research remains at the exploratory and theoretical research level. They have little practical application value in actual tasks and cannot meet the requirements of accuracy, simplicity, speed, and efficiency in firefighting operations. This leads to a huge waste of personnel and equipment, unpredictable water flow rates, and even situations where the established systems fail to function.

[0004] Research in the field of forest fire prevention focuses on retrospective problem-solving, and the results are mostly tailored to specific local conditions, lacking practical research on universally applicable methods. The absence of crucial data for formulating water conveyance system construction methods—the resistance coefficient of a single water hose—is also one of the reasons limiting the successful practical application of theoretical research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a method for establishing a water delivery system in forest fire fighting using water, thereby filling the gap in the operability of establishing a water delivery system by frontline commanders. The present invention ensures that the water delivery system achieves the target flow rate requirement with minimal equipment and manpower input.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A method for establishing a water delivery system in forest fire extinguishing using water includes the following steps:

[0008] Step s1: Selection of the target location for the water delivery system. The selection of the target location for the water delivery system must meet the needs of the slapping system, which includes the needs of the flow rate and the location.

[0009] Step s2: The target flow rate of the water delivery system should be determined based on the maximum demand of the water spraying system.

[0010] Step s3: Determining the number of equipment: After determining the water pumps, obtain the effective head P at the target flow rate by consulting the water pump characteristic curve.扬 Determine the water outflow height difference (H) during the fire site survey. K -H B And the length of the hose laying path L; according to the fluid mechanics formula P = SQ 2 Determine the friction loss P of a single water hose 根 Where S is the resistance coefficient of the water hose used for forest fire fighting; substituting the above values ​​into the formula N 水泵 =((H) K -H B )+L / 30*P 根 ) / P 扬 Obtain the number of water pumps that need to be installed;

[0011] Step s4: Determining the maximum effective troop strength: The quantity is N = L / 90 + 3N 水泵 ;

[0012] Step s5: Determining the number of hoses connected to a single pump: The maximum number of hoses connected to a single pump under the target flow rate: n = P 扬 / P 根 During actual laying, for every increase of P in elevation difference... 根 The actual number of water hoses laid is reduced by 1;

[0013] Step s6: Determine the water supply efficiency; multiply the operation time by the target flow rate to obtain the total water delivery volume;

[0014] Step s7: Establishment of the water supply system: After the target location, target flow rate, number of equipment, and troop deployment are determined, the water supply system leader shall give unified command or each pump operator shall determine the location of the pumps.

[0015] Furthermore, the equipment for measuring the resistance coefficient S of the fire hose used in step 3 includes a water bladder (1), a water pump (2), a flow meter (3), a seismic pressure gauge (4), and the fire hose to be measured.

[0016] The water bladder (1) is connected to the inlet of the water pump (2) in the following manner:

[0017] Step a: First, ensure that the water bladder (1) is filled with water. Connect the flow meter (3) to one outlet of the water pump (2) to measure the instantaneous flow rate through the water hose. Connect the flow meter (3) to one outlet of the water pump (2) and then connect the anti-vibration pressure gauge (4) to measure the total pressure. Connect the other port of the anti-vibration pressure gauge (4) to the test water hose.

[0018] Step b: When water flows through the test water belt at a stable flow rate, the test is carried out. First, the seismic pressure gauge (4) can measure the total pressure, and the flow meter (3) can display the corresponding flow rate. Substitute these values ​​into the formula P = ρgh + h sd=ρgh+nSQ 2 =P g +nSQ 2 And Formula 2(nS+S) j )Q 2 =PP g The water resistance coefficient was then obtained, where P is the system pressure loss, ρ is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the velocity of water. sd The head loss of the hose is given by , h is the height difference between the pressure gauge and the outlet, n is the number of hoses, and S is the impedance coefficient of a single hose. j P is the local loss coefficient of the experimental equipment other than the water hose, Q is the flow rate through the test water hose, and P is the local loss coefficient of the equipment other than the water hose. g The pressure generated by the difference in elevation;

[0019] Step c: Connect a water hose according to step b, and perform x tests. Substitute the results from step e for each test to obtain x sets of S+S. i The value, and obtain the average.

[0020] Step d: Connect the two water hoses according to step b, and perform x tests. Substitute the values ​​from step e into each test to obtain x sets of 2S+S. i The value, and obtain the average.

[0021] Step e: Combining steps c and d according to The impedance coefficient S of a single water hose is obtained.

[0022] Furthermore, in step s1, the target position of the water delivery system is higher than or no lower than the horizontal position of the water gun, and the terrain at the target position is flat.

[0023] Furthermore, the minimum number of equipment required in step s3 is N water hoses. 水带 Water pump N 水泵 Water bag N 水泵 Suction pipe N 水泵 Repair tool kit N 水泵 N 水带 =L / 30(N) 水带 (This represents the ideal number of hoses to be laid, and L is the length of the hose laying path).

[0024] Furthermore, the water outlet height difference (H) in step s3 K -H B Measurements can be taken using GPS, BeiDou, or meteorological equipment.

[0025] The length L of the water hose laying path in step s3 can be measured by step counting to determine the distance from the target location to the water source.

[0026] Furthermore, the water outlet height difference (H) in step s3 K -H B Measurements can be taken using a command system;

[0027] The length L of the water hose laying path in step s3 can be measured using a map and command system.

[0028] Furthermore, the water outlet height difference (H) in step s3 K -H B It can be measured using a drone;

[0029] The length L of the water hose laying path in step s3 can be estimated by adding the horizontal and vertical heights measured by the UAV and then taking into account the actual terrain.

[0030] Furthermore, during the installation process, the equipment quantity calculation results only move forward and never backward, while the water hose quantity results only move backward and never forward.

[0031] Furthermore, the water hose is made of polyester filament / polyester filament-polyurethane.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] The method for establishing a water delivery system in forest fire fighting described in this invention modifies the measurement method to suit the characteristics of high-altitude forest fire fighting, calculating the crucial data—the resistance coefficient of a single water hose. Through theoretical derivation and formula simplification, the theoretical method is simplified into a calculation formula that can be practically used in firefighting operations. The formula is simplified to the point that frontline commanders can mentally calculate it, and firefighters can perform mental calculations. My method accurately determines the number of personnel and equipment, and scientifically determines the implementation method. From large-scale personnel mobilization and replenishment to how squad leaders determine the location of water pumps, the entire process is scientifically and digitally standardized, ensuring that the flow rate meets requirements after the water delivery system is established.

[0034] This fills a gap in the operational methods for frontline commanders to establish water delivery systems. It ensures that the water delivery system achieves the target flow rate requirement with minimal equipment and manpower input. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental process of the method for establishing a water supply system in extinguishing forest fires with water, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 1. Water bladder; 2. Water pump; 3. Flow meter; 4. Anti-vibration pressure gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "back," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0042] This embodiment relates to a method for establishing a water supply system in forest fire extinguishing using water, including the following steps:

[0043] Step s1: Selection of the target location of the water delivery system. The selection of the target location of the water delivery system must meet the needs of the slapping system. The needs of the slapping system include the needs of flow rate and location. In order to ensure that the head of the slapping system is used to provide flow rate and water pressure, the target location of the water delivery system should generally be higher than or no lower than the horizontal position of the water gun, and the terrain should be flat to facilitate the installation of water pumps and water bags.

[0044] Step s2: Determine the target flow rate of the water delivery system. The target flow rate should be the maximum demand of the swatting system. In reality, the swatting system usually operates intermittently, and the demand fluctuates. However, as a water delivery system, the target flow rate should be the maximum demand of the swatting system to ensure that the flow rate can meet the swatting needs under extreme conditions.

[0045] Step s3: Determining the number of equipment: After determining the water pumps, obtain the effective head P at the target flow rate by consulting the water pump characteristic curve. 扬 Determine the water outflow height difference (H) during the fire site survey. K -H B And the length of the hose laying path L; according to the fluid mechanics formula P = SQ 2 Determine the friction loss P of a single water hose 根 Substitute the above values ​​into formula N 水泵 =((H) K -H B )+L / 30*P 根 ) / P 扬Obtain the number of water pumps that need to be installed;

[0046] Step s4: Determining the maximum effective troop strength: The efficiency of establishing the water conveyance system is positively correlated with the number of personnel deployed. The efficiency changes in an S-shaped curve, increasing with the increase in the number of personnel deployed. However, when a certain number is reached, the efficiency growth becomes extremely slow. This point represents the maximum effective troop strength, which is N = L / 90 + 3N. 水泵 ;

[0047] Step s5: Determining the number of hoses connected to a single pump: The maximum number of hoses connected to a single pump under the target flow rate: n = P 扬 / P 根 During actual laying, for every increase of P in elevation difference... 根 The actual number of water hoses laid is reduced by 1;

[0048] Step s6: Determining the water supply efficiency; multiply the operation time by the target flow rate to obtain the total water volume. In actual tasks, natural water sources are scarce, and it is often necessary to rely on other units to provide water. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether to continue to increase the number of auxiliary units based on the water consumption per unit time of the water supply system and the water supply efficiency of the auxiliary units.

[0049] Step s7: Establishment of the water supply system: After the target location, target flow rate, equipment quantity, and troop deployment are determined, the water supply system team leader will take unified command, or each pump operator will determine the pump installation location independently. During the installation process, the equipment quantity calculation results will only be updated, and the water hose quantity calculation results will only be updated, not updated.

[0050] Specifically, the equipment for measuring the resistance coefficient S of the fire hose used in forest fire fighting as described in step s3 above includes a water bladder 1, a water pump 2, a flow meter 3, a seismic pressure gauge 4, and the fire hose to be measured.

[0051] Water bladder 1 is connected to the inlet of water pump 2. The experimental procedure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific method is as follows:

[0052] Step a: First, ensure that the water bladder 1 is fully filled with water. Connect the flow meter 3 to one outlet of the water pump 2 to measure the instantaneous flow rate through the water hose. After connecting the flow meter 3 to one outlet of the water pump 2, connect the anti-vibration pressure gauge 4 to measure the total pressure. Connect the other end of the anti-vibration pressure gauge 4 to the test water hose (one test water hose for the first five experiments, and two test water hoses for the last five experiments). The water hose is laid in a basically straight line. A level is used to measure the ground elevation difference in each group of experiments. Specifically, the water hoses used in this embodiment are all 25-40-30 polyester filament / polyester filament-polyurethane water hoses (working pressure 2500kpa, diameter DN40, length 30m) issued by the forest fire brigade. The water bladder volume is 2 cubic meters, the experimental water temperature is 20℃, and its kinematic viscosity coefficient is 1.0050. An ODINVortexPack type water pump is used for water supply, and the test site is a flat cement ground. The test pressure gauge was a Hongqi YTN-100 model, and the flow meter was a smart vortex flow meter of the LUGB type.

[0053] Step b: When water flows through the test hose at a stable flow rate, the test is conducted. First, the seismic pressure gauge can measure the total pressure, and the flow meter can display the corresponding flow rate. Substitute these values ​​into the formula P = ρgh + h. sd =ρgh+nSQ 2 =P g +nSQ 2 And Formula 2(nS+S) j )Q 2 =PP g The water resistance coefficient was then obtained. Through experiments, 10 sets of experimental data were obtained as the basis for calculation. The experimental data are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0054] Table 1

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Table 2

[0058]

[0059] Where P represents the system pressure loss, with units of 10. 4 pa, ρ is the density of water, 1000 kg / m³ 3 g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m / s². 2 h sd The head loss of the hose is given by , h is the height difference between the pressure gauge and the outlet (in meters), n is the number of hoses, and S is the impedance coefficient of a single hose. j P represents the local loss coefficient generated by the experimental equipment other than the water hose, Q is the flow rate through the test water hose in L / s, and P is the local loss coefficient generated by the equipment other than the water hose. gThe pressure generated by the difference in elevation;

[0060] Step c: Connect a water hose according to step b, and conduct 5 tests. Substitute the values ​​from step e into each test to obtain 5 sets of S+S. j The values ​​are shown in Table 1, and the average is obtained. It is 1.13790225;

[0061] Step d: Connect the two water hoses according to step b, and perform x tests. Substitute the values ​​from step e into each test to obtain x sets of 2S+S. j The values ​​are shown in Table 2, and the average is obtained. It is 2.250941258;

[0062] Step e: Combining steps c and d according to The impedance coefficient S of a single water hose is obtained. In this embodiment, the value of S is taken as 1.113 for calculation, which can meet the calculation requirements of long-distance water supply.

[0063] Specifically, the derived series of formulas are the formulas for calculating the number of water hoses connected to a single pump: Maximum number of horizontally connected water hoses to a single pump n = P 扬 / P 根 The actual number of connections N 水带 :N 水带 =n-(H K -H B ) / P 根 .

[0064] The principle of the formula: The pump head is equal to the sum of the water column loss due to gravity and the water column loss due to friction along the hose, P 扬 =(H K -H B )+N 水带 *P 根 (P 扬 For the target flow rate, the pump head, P 根 For the resistance loss of a single water hose at the target flow rate, N 水带 H represents the total number of water hoses. K H represents the elevation of the outlet. B (Water pump elevation).

[0065] Equipment quantity calculation formula: When establishing a water supply system, the equipment should not be deployed in excess at once, wasting the commanders' and soldiers' energy, nor should it be deployed in insufficient quantities at once, leading to repeated transport and prolonging the system establishment time. The ideal quantity of equipment deployed at one time is one that meets the mission requirements with a slight surplus.

[0066] To improve the efficiency of water conveyance system establishment, accurate determination of equipment requirements is essential. The number of water hoses is relatively easy to calculate: N 水带 =L / 30

[0067] (N 水带 L represents the ideal number of hoses to be laid (where L is the length of the hose laying path). L can be obtained through methods such as step counting and fire extinguishing ventilation measurement.

[0068] The number of water pumps installed is: N 水带 =((H) K -H B )+L / 30*P 根 ) / P 扬 (N 水泵 The minimum number of water pumps required to complete the water supply task, H K H represents the elevation of the outlet. B Where P is the elevation of the water pump, L is the length of the water hose laying path, and P is the elevation of the water pump. 扬 For the effective head at the target flow rate, P 根 (Headline loss of a single water hose at the target flow rate).

[0069] Maximum effective troop strength: To facilitate the adjustment and allocation of personnel at the forward command post and the adjustment and replenishment of personnel at the base command post, and to maximize the effectiveness of personnel and equipment, the maximum effective troop strength for the water conveyance system is N = L / 90 + 3N. 水泵 a

[0070] Based on the above, in actual firefighting operations using water, upon arrival at the scene, the frontline commander must first ascertain the fire situation. Based on the fire situation, determine the target location and flow rate of the water supply system, as well as the number of equipment and personnel to be deployed. The pump operators then determine the installation location of each pump and water tank.

[0071] The method for establishing a water supply system in forest fire fighting using water, as described in this invention, modifies the measurement method to suit the characteristics of high-altitude forest fire fighting, calculating the crucial data—the resistance coefficient of a single water hose. Through theoretical derivation and formula simplification, the theoretical method is simplified into a calculation formula that can be practically used in firefighting operations. The formula is simplified to a level that frontline commanders can mentally calculate and firefighters can mentally perform the calculations. My method accurately determines the number of personnel and equipment, scientifically determines the implementation method, and clarifies the entire process from large-scale personnel mobilization and replenishment to how squad leaders determine the location of water pumps, making the entire process scientific, digital, and standardized. This invention ensures that the flow rate meets requirements after the water supply system is established. The series of formulas provides an easy-to-understand, concise, and comprehensive basis and method for establishing a water supply system in forest fire fighting using water, solving most of the problems associated with establishing such a system.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for establishing a water supply system in forest fire extinguishing using water, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step s1: Selection of the target location for the water delivery system. The selection of the target location for the water delivery system must meet the needs of the slapping system, which includes the needs of the flow rate and the location. Step s2: The target flow rate of the water delivery system should be determined based on the maximum demand of the water spraying system. Step s3: Determining the number of equipment: After determining the water pumps, obtain the effective head P at the target flow rate by consulting the water pump characteristic curve. 扬 Determine the water outflow height difference (H) during the fire site survey. K -H B And the length of the hose laying path L; according to the fluid mechanics formula Determine the friction loss P of a single water hose 根 Where S is the resistance coefficient of a single hose used for forest fire fighting; substituting the above values ​​into formula N 水泵 =(H K -H B )+L / 30*P 根 ) / P 扬 Obtain the number of water pumps that need to be installed; Step s4: Determining the maximum effective troop strength: The quantity is N = L / 90 + 3N 水泵 ; Step s5: Determining the number of hoses connected to a single pump: Maximum number of hoses connected to a single pump under the target flow rate: n=P 扬 / P 根 During actual laying, for every increase of P in elevation difference... 根 The actual number of water hoses laid is reduced by 1; Step s6: Determine the water supply efficiency; multiply the operation time by the target flow rate to obtain the total water delivery volume; Step s7: Establishment of the water supply system: After the target location, target flow rate, number of equipment, and troop deployment are determined, the water supply system leader shall give unified command or each pump operator shall determine the location of the pumps. The equipment for measuring the resistance coefficient S of a single hose used in forest fire fighting in step s3 includes a water bladder (1), a water pump (2), a flow meter (3), a seismic pressure gauge (4), and the hose to be measured. The water bladder (1) is connected to the inlet of the water pump (2) in the following manner: Step a: First, ensure that the water bladder (1) is filled with water. Connect the flow meter (3) to one outlet of the water pump (2) to measure the instantaneous flow rate through the water hose. Connect the flow meter (3) to one outlet of the water pump (2) and then connect the anti-vibration pressure gauge (4) to measure the total pressure. Connect the other port of the anti-vibration pressure gauge (4) to the test water hose. Step b: When water flows through the test water belt at a stable flow rate, the test is performed. First, the seismic pressure gauge (4) can measure the total pressure, and the flow meter (3) can display the corresponding flow rate. Substitute these values ​​into the formula. and formula 2 The water resistance coefficient was then obtained, where P is the system pressure loss, ρ is the density of water, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Let represent the head loss of the hose, h be the elevation difference between the pressure gauge and the outlet, n be the number of hoses, and S be the resistance coefficient of a single hose used for forest fire fighting. P is the local loss coefficient of the experimental equipment other than the water hose, Q is the flow rate through the test water hose, and P is the local loss coefficient of the equipment other than the water hose. g The pressure generated by the difference in elevation; Step c: Connect a water hose according to step b, and perform x tests. Substitute the results from step e for each test to obtain x sets of S+. The value, and obtain the average. ; Step d: Connect the two water hoses according to step b, and perform x tests. Substitute the results from step e for each test to obtain x sets of 2S+. The value, and obtain the average. ; Step e: Combining steps c and d according to The resistance coefficient S of a single water hose used for forest fire fighting was obtained.

2. The method for establishing a water supply system for extinguishing forest fires using water, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step s1, the target position of the water delivery system is higher than or no lower than the horizontal position of the water gun, and the terrain at the target position is flat.

3. The method for establishing a water supply system for extinguishing forest fires using water, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The minimum number of equipment required in step s3 is N water hoses. 水带 Water pump N 水泵 Water bag N 水泵 Suction pipe N 水泵 Repair tool kit N 水泵 N 水带 =L / 30 (N) 水带 (This represents the ideal number of hoses to be laid, and L is the length of the hose laying path).

4. The method for establishing a water supply system for extinguishing forest fires using water, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The water outlet height difference (H) in step s3 K -H B Measurements can be taken using GPS, BeiDou, or meteorological equipment. The length L of the water hose laying path in step s3 can be measured by step counting to determine the distance from the target location to the water source.

5. The method for establishing a water supply system for extinguishing forest fires using water, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The water outlet height difference (H) in step s3 K -H B Measurements can be taken using a command system; The length L of the water hose laying path in step s3 can be measured using a map and command system.

6. The method for establishing a water supply system for extinguishing forest fires using water, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The water outlet height difference (H) in step s3 K -H B It can be measured using a drone; The length L of the water hose laying path in step s3 can be estimated by adding the horizontal and vertical heights measured by the UAV and then taking into account the actual terrain.

7. The method for establishing a water supply system for extinguishing forest fires using water, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: During the installation process, the equipment quantity calculation results only move forward and never backward, while the water hose quantity results only move backward and never forward.

8. The method for establishing a water supply system for extinguishing forest fires using water, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The water hose is made of polyester filament / polyester filament-polyurethane.

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