A self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect test system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect test system and method. Based on the characteristics that a large amount of heat energy generated by the self-propagating reaction of electromagnetic active fragments leads to the generation of plasma by ionization effect, the electromagnetic active material ionization effect test system and method are constructed, the plasma density and temperature generated by thermal ionization effect in the self-propagating reaction process of electromagnetic active material samples with different component systems, different preparation processes and different geometric shapes can be tested, the combustion wave front shape and combustion wave speed in the self-propagating reaction process can be tested and analyzed, the technical blank in the related test field is filled, and support is provided for the electromagnetic active material system design, the preparation process design and the engineering application of electromagnetic active fragments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of warhead design and testing technology, and specifically to a self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect testing system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Split-type warheads are the main type of warhead used in conventional air defense, anti-missile, and anti-radiation weapons currently in service. Due to the limitations of the single kinetic energy penetration mechanism and mechanical penetration damage mode of inert metal fragments such as steel and tungsten, significantly improving the destructive power of split-type warheads faces bottlenecks.

[0003] Electromagnetic active fragments possess significant characteristics such as high mechanical strength, high mass density, high explosive energy release, long activation delay, and strong ionizing radiation. During high-speed interaction with targets, they not only inflict structural fractures ("hard damage") through a dual-sequence combined damage mechanism of "kinetic energy penetration" and "explosive effect" at the ballistic endpoint, but also undergo significant ionization under the impact load and high-temperature heat release during penetration. This generates plasma, which, along with the expansion and growth of the plasma cloud, produces electromagnetic waves, induced electromotive force, and induced current, resulting in "soft damage" such as plasma cloud shielding and high-power pulse irradiation. This temporal coupling of "soft / hard damage" opens up a new technological path for significantly enhancing the terminal damage power of lethal warheads.

[0004] Self-propagating reactions are an important type of reaction between components of electromagnetically active fragment materials. Using the energy released and heat generated by these reactions as excitation, controlling the efficient ionization of electromagnetically active fragments and the electron density, electron temperature, and dynamic evolution parameters of the plasma clusters is key to achieving efficient "soft damage" from electromagnetically active fragments. However, as a novel type of damage element, research and devices for characterizing and testing the thermal ionization effect and plasma cluster characteristics of electromagnetically active material fragments have not been publicly reported, severely restricting the research and application of electromagnetically active materials and fragment damage elements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect testing system, which can not only realize the dynamic testing of the self-propagating reaction thermal ionization characteristic parameters of electromagnetic active fragments, but also realize the dynamic testing of parameters such as the shape of the self-propagating combustion wave front and the combustion wave velocity, thereby promoting the design and preparation of electromagnetic active materials and the engineering application of electromagnetic active fragments.

[0006] The self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect testing system of the present invention includes: a reaction vessel, an optical window, a clamping device, an ignition head, a gas controller, a gas delivery pipe, a test probe, an oscilloscope, and a high-speed camera;

[0007] The hollow reactor is fixed to the ground. An optical window for observing the interior of the reactor and a test probe for detecting plasma are installed on the side wall of the reactor. A clamping device is installed at the top inside the reactor to fix the electromagnetically active material sample to be tested. An ignition head is installed at the bottom inside the reactor, opposite to the clamping device. A gas controller, oscilloscope, and high-speed camera are located outside the reactor. The gas controller is connected to the ignition head through a gas delivery pipe, and the oscilloscope is connected to the test probe. The lens of the high-speed camera is facing the optical window.

[0008] Preferably, the reactor has a tensile strength of not less than 12 MPa, an elongation of not less than 500%, a resilience of not less than 50%, a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.15 W / (m·K), and a surface resistivity of not less than 10 Ω·m. 13 It is made of impact-resistant, high-voltage-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, and insulating materials, preferably fluororubber or impregnated aramid fiber cloth.

[0009] Preferably, the side wall of the reactor has a window that matches the optical window. One end of the optical window is fixed to one side of the window by a hinge, and the other end can be opened and closed. The optical window is sealed to the reactor window by a sealing strip.

[0010] Preferably, the optical window is made of high-transmittance, high-strength glass material with a light transmittance of not less than 90%, a refractive index of not less than 1.7, and a compressive strength of not less than 850MPa, preferably H-ZF52GT glass or sapphire.

[0011] Preferably, the clamping device is made of a high-temperature resistant insulating material with a melting point of not less than 2500K and a volume resistivity of not less than 1000Ω·cm, preferably alumina ceramic or silicon nitride ceramic.

[0012] Preferably, the flame temperature of the ignition head is not lower than 1500℃; the flame height is adjusted by the gas controller, and the flame height matches the height of the electromagnetic active material sample to be tested, which is fixed on the clamping device.

[0013] Preferably, the test probe is a Langmuir three-probe.

[0014] Ideally, the frame rate of the high-speed camera should meet the requirement of capturing full-frame images of at least 20 equally spaced moments throughout the entire self-propagating reaction process of the electromagnetically active material sample.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for testing the self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect using the above-described testing system, comprising:

[0016] S1, Fix the electromagnetic active material sample to be tested in the clamping device and suspend it in the reaction vessel;

[0017] S2, install the test probe and connect the oscilloscope, and enter the working state after debugging;

[0018] S3, turn on the high-speed camera, adjust the focus and set the shooting frame rate, and set the high-speed camera to enter the ready-to-trigger state;

[0019] S4 delivers combustible gas to the ignition head via the gas controller, opens the ignition head, and ignites the combustible gas. By adjusting the combustible gas delivery rate, the flame height is adjusted to provide thermal excitation for the electromagnetic active material sample, and at the same time, the high-speed camera is triggered. After being heated, the electromagnetic active material sample begins to undergo a self-propagating reaction, generating a large amount of heat and high temperature, producing plasma and expanding.

[0020] S5, based on the test probe, measures the change of plasma characteristic parameters generated by thermal ionization during the self-propagating reaction of the electromagnetic active material sample over time, and records the self-propagating reaction process with a high-speed camera, providing a basis for the performance analysis of electromagnetic active materials.

[0021] Preferably, the rate at which the gas controller delivers combustible gas is adjusted, the flame height is adjusted, and the heating temperature of the electromagnetic active material sample is adjusted. S1 to S5 are repeated to obtain the properties of the electromagnetic active material under different temperatures for initiating self-propagating reactions.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention, based on the characteristic that the self-propagating reaction of electromagnetic active fragments generates a large amount of heat energy leading to ionization and plasma production, constructs a testing system and method for the ionization effect of electromagnetic active materials. It can test the plasma density and temperature changes over time during the self-propagating reaction of electromagnetic active material samples with different component systems, preparation processes, and geometries, as well as the characteristics of the combustion wavefront shape and combustion wave velocity during the self-propagating reaction. This fills a technological gap in related testing fields and provides support for the design of electromagnetic active material systems, preparation processes, and the engineering application of electromagnetic active fragments. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the test system of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the reactor.

[0026] In the figure, 1-reaction vessel, 2-clamping device, 3-metric adapter, 4-optical window, 5-ignition head, 6-gas controller, 7-gas delivery pipe, 8-oscilloscope, 9-high-speed camera, 10-test probe. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] This invention provides a self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect testing system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a reaction vessel 1, an optical window 4, a clamping device 2, an ignition head 5, a gas controller 6, a gas delivery pipe 7, a test probe 10, an oscilloscope 8, and a high-speed camera 9;

[0029] The reactor 1 is a hollow cylinder made of impact-resistant, high-pressure-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, and insulating materials. Its tensile strength is not less than 12 MPa, elongation is not less than 500%, resilience is not less than 50%, thermal conductivity is not greater than 0.15 W / (m·K), and surface resistivity is not less than 10⁻⁶ Ω·m. 13 Ω, such as fluororubber, impregnated aramid fiber cloth, etc.; the side wall of the reactor 1 is provided with a rectangular arc window, and several metric circuit adapters 3 are installed at other positions on the side wall according to the test requirements; the reactor is placed horizontally and fixed to a solid ground.

[0030] The optical window 4 is generally rectangular and curved, with the same height, width, and radius of curvature as the side wall window of the reactor 1. It is typically made of high-transmittance, high-strength glass material, with a light transmittance of not less than 90%, a refractive index of not less than 1.7, and a compressive strength of not less than 850 MPa, such as H-ZF52GT glass or sapphire, to facilitate the high-speed camera 9 in capturing the combustion and explosion state inside the reactor 1. The optical window 4 is connected to the left side of the side wall window of the reactor 1 via a hinge, and can be opened and closed from the right side inwards. It is sealed to the reactor 1 window by a sealing strip on all four sides.

[0031] The clamping device 2 is fixedly installed at the geometric center of the top surface of the reactor 1. It is used to clamp the electromagnetic active material sample. It is made of high temperature resistant insulating material with a melting point of not less than 2500K and a volume resistivity of not less than 1000Ω·cm, such as alumina ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, etc.

[0032] The ignition head 5 is fixedly installed at the geometric center of the bottom surface of the reactor, opposite to the clamping device 2; the flame height generated by the ignition head 5 can be adjusted according to the height of the electromagnetic active material sample. To meet the ignition requirements of different types of active materials, the flame temperature should not be lower than 1500℃.

[0033] The gas controller 6 is installed on the outside of the reactor. It generates combustible gas and transmits it to the ignition head 5 through the gas delivery pipe 7. The gas controller 6 controls the gas delivery rate to regulate the flame height and temperature of the ignition head, ignite the ignition head to generate an electric spark, and shut down the ignition head.

[0034] The gas delivery pipe 7 is a hollow metal cylinder, with one end connected to the gas controller 6 and the other end connected to the ignition head through a circular hole in the side wall of the reactor 1.

[0035] Test probe 10 is installed on the inner wall of reactor 1 via metric circuit adapter 3 to measure the plasma generated inside reactor 1. The test probe is generally a Langmuir three-point probe.

[0036] The oscilloscope 8 is connected to each test probe 10 via a metric adapter.

[0037] A high-speed camera 9 is installed at a certain distance from the reactor 1, with its lens facing the optical window 4. The frame rate can meet the full-frame shooting requirements of no less than 20 equally spaced moments during the entire self-propagating reaction of the electromagnetic active material sample.

[0038] The testing method of the self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect testing system of this invention is as follows:

[0039] (1) Fix the electromagnetic active material sample to be tested in the clamping device 2 and suspend it in the reaction vessel 1;

[0040] (2) Install test probes 10 at different positions on the inner wall of reactor 1 through metric adapter 3. Connect the other end of each metric adapter 3 to oscilloscope 8. Turn on oscilloscope 8, provide bias voltage to each test probe 10, set the test frequency and duration, and enter working state.

[0041] (3) Close the optical window 4, turn on the high-speed camera 9, adjust the focal length so that the electromagnetic active material sample is completely in the shooting frame, set the shooting frame rate to meet the requirement of capturing no less than 20 equally spaced moments of the entire process of the self-propagating reaction, and set the system to enter the ready-to-trigger state.

[0042] (4) The combustible gas is delivered to the ignition head 5 through the gas controller 6, the ignition head 5 is turned on, the combustible gas is ignited, and the flame height is adjusted by adjusting the combustible gas delivery rate to provide thermal excitation for the electromagnetic active material sample. At the same time, the high-speed camera 9 is triggered, and the electromagnetic active material sample begins to undergo a self-propagating reaction, which causes the electromagnetic active material sample to generate a large amount of heat and high temperature, generate plasma and diffuse expansion.

[0043] (5) The test probe 10 can measure the change of plasma characteristic parameters generated by thermal ionization during the self-propagation reaction of electromagnetic active materials over time. The high-speed camera 9 can capture and record the self-propagation reaction process, providing a basis for the analysis of the shape of the combustion wave front and the combustion wave velocity.

[0044] This invention can test the plasma density and temperature changes over time during the self-propagating reaction of active electromagnetic material samples with different component systems, different preparation processes, and different geometric shapes, generated by thermal ionization. It can also test and analyze the combustion wave front shape and combustion wave velocity during the self-propagating reaction, filling the technical gap in related testing fields and providing support for the design of electromagnetic active material systems, preparation process design, and engineering application of electromagnetic active fragments.

[0045] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect testing system, characterized in that, include: The reactor (1), optical window (4), clamping device (2), ignition head (5), gas controller (6), gas delivery pipe (7), test probe (10), oscilloscope (8) and high-speed camera (9); The hollow reactor (1) is fixed to the ground. An optical window (4) for observing the inside of the reactor (1) and a test probe (10) for detecting plasma are installed on the side wall of the reactor (1). A clamping device (2) is installed at the top inside the reactor (1) to fix the electromagnetic active material sample to be tested. An ignition head (5) is installed at the bottom inside the reactor (1) and is opposite to the clamping device (2). A gas controller (6), an oscilloscope (8) and a high-speed camera (9) are located outside the reactor (1). The gas controller (6) is connected to the ignition head (5) through a gas delivery pipe (7). The oscilloscope (8) is connected to the test probe (10). The lens of the high-speed camera (9) is facing the optical window (4). The reactor (1) is constructed with a tensile strength of not less than 12 MPa, an elongation of not less than 500%, a resilience of not less than 50%, a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.15 W / (m·K), and a surface resistivity of not less than 10 Ω·m. 13 Ω is made of impact-resistant, high-pressure-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, and insulating materials; The flame temperature of the ignition head (5) is not lower than 1500℃; the flame height matches the height of the electromagnetic active material sample to be tested, which is fixed on the clamping device (2).

2. The testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor (1) is made of fluororubber or impregnated aramid fiber cloth.

3. The testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the reactor (1) has a window that matches the optical window (4). One end of the optical window (4) is fixed to one side of the window by a hinge, and the other end can be opened and closed. The optical window (4) is sealed with the window of the reactor (1) by a sealing strip.

4. The testing system as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The optical window (4) is made of high-transmittance, high-strength glass material with a light transmittance of not less than 90%, a refractive index of not less than 1.7, and a compressive strength of not less than 850MPa.

5. The testing system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The optical window (4) is made of H-ZF52GT glass or sapphire.

6. The testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping device (2) is made of a high-temperature resistant insulating material with a melting point of not less than 2500K and a volume resistivity of not less than 1000Ω·cm.

7. The testing system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The clamping device (2) is made of alumina ceramic or silicon nitride ceramic.

8. The testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The test probe (10) is a Langmuir three-probe.

9. The testing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The frame rate of the high-speed camera (9) meets the requirement of shooting the entire process of the self-propagating reaction of the electromagnetic active material sample at no less than 20 equally spaced moments in full frame.

10. The method for testing the self-propagating reaction thermal ionization effect of the test system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: S1, fix the electromagnetic active material sample to be tested in the clamping device (2) and suspend it in the reaction vessel (1); S2, install the test probe (10) and connect it to the oscilloscope (8), and enter the working state after debugging; S3, turn on the high-speed camera (9), adjust the focal length and set the shooting frame rate, and set the high-speed camera (9) to enter the ready-to-trigger state; S4, the combustible gas is delivered to the ignition head (5) through the gas controller (6), the ignition head (5) is turned on, the combustible gas is ignited, and the flame height is adjusted by adjusting the combustible gas delivery rate to provide thermal excitation for the electromagnetic active material sample, and at the same time trigger the high-speed camera (9); after the electromagnetic active material sample is heated, it begins to undergo a self-propagating reaction, generating a large amount of heat and high temperature, generating plasma and spreading and expanding; S5, based on the test probe (10), the plasma characteristic parameters generated by thermal ionization during the self-propagating reaction of the electromagnetic active material sample are measured over time, and the self-propagating reaction process is recorded by the high-speed camera (9), providing a basis for the performance analysis of electromagnetic active materials.

11. The test method as described in claim 10, characterized in that, Adjust the rate at which the gas controller (6) delivers combustible gas, adjust the flame height, and then adjust the heating temperature of the electromagnetic active material sample. Repeat S1~S5 to obtain the performance of the electromagnetic active material under different temperatures for induced self-propagating reaction.

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