A method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali land irrigation methods, and specifically relates to a method for precise brackish water irrigation of a saline-alkali land experimental field. The method comprises the following steps: before sowing, ridges are formed in the experimental field and a first ground film is laid in the experimental field along the undulations of the ridges, a water storage belt located above the first ground film is formed between adjacent ridges, and sowing irrigation holes are arranged at intervals on the first ground film; a second ground film and supporting ribs are provided above the water storage belt, the second ground film is laid with the aid of the supporting ribs to form a wave-like structure, and the troughs of the second ground film are located above the sowing irrigation holes; after sowing on the ridges along the sowing irrigation holes and laying the second ground film, brackish water is irrigated in the water storage belt, and the water level in the water storage belt is lower than the ridge height; starting from the middle and late stages of the crop growth period, brackish water is directly irrigated to the crops on the ridges in case of drought, which can ensure the normal growth of the crops and does not require separate desalination of the brackish water outside the plot, thereby significantly reducing the planting cost while ensuring the yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali land irrigation methods, and in particular relates to a saline-alkali land experimental field brackish water precision irrigation method. Background Art

[0002] Research has shown that brackish water (mineralization between 2-5 g / L) can replace freshwater for agricultural irrigation, particularly during periods when crops are not sensitive to brackish water, resulting in stable and high yields. For example, during the flowering period of peanuts, the second node stage of soybeans, and the jointing stage of wheat are all non-sensitive to brackish water. Brackish water resources are widely distributed in my country. Using brackish water for irrigation during periods when crops are sensitive to brackish water can affect their normal growth and development, even preventing normal emergence and reducing yields. Using freshwater for irrigation typically requires desalination of large quantities of brackish water off-site. Using freshwater for irrigation throughout the entire growing season results in high cultivation costs and significant waste of freshwater. Therefore, there is a need to design a brackish water irrigation method for saline-alkali land that can both ensure normal crop growth and reduce cultivation costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water, which can ensure the normal growth of crops without the need for separate desalination of brackish water outside the plot, thereby significantly reducing the planting cost while ensuring the yield.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0005] A method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Before sowing, ridges were formed in the experimental field and a first mulch film was laid along the ridges. A water storage belt was formed between adjacent ridges above the first mulch film. Irrigation holes were spaced along the length of the ridge top on the first mulch film.

[0007] S2. Before or after sowing, a second mulch film is provided above the water storage belt and support ribs are provided along the long direction of the water storage belt. The second mulch film is laid with the aid of support ribs to form a wavy structure. The trough of the second mulch film is located above the sowing irrigation hole.

[0008] S3. After laying the second mulch film and sowing along the irrigation holes toward the top of the ridge, irrigate with brackish water in the water storage belt. The water level in the water storage belt is lower than the ridge height. The evaporation of brackish water in the water storage belt condenses on the second mulch film to form fresh water. The fresh water drips onto the top of the ridge to irrigate crops in the saltwater-sensitive period.

[0009] S4. During the non-salt water sensitive period of crops, brackish water is continuously injected into the water storage belt until the water level in the water storage belt overflows the ridge. The brackish water enters the first mulch film for irrigation. After irrigation is completed, the water storage belt is drained and irrigation is stopped.

[0010] Furthermore, a downwardly concave planting belt is provided on the ridge corresponding to the sowing irrigation hole, the crops are sown in the planting belt along the sowing irrigation hole, the first ground film is placed on the ridge to form a cavity with the planting belt, and the crops are sown in the planting belt along the sowing irrigation hole.

[0011] Furthermore, a group of gaps are provided on both sides of the ridge, which are spaced apart and connected to the planting belt. The bottom of the gap is higher than the water level in step S3. The first ground film is provided with water inlets corresponding to the gaps.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, in case of drought, brackish water is poured into the water storage belt to make the water level higher than the bottom of the gap, and the water flows into the planting belt through the gap to directly irrigate the crops.

[0013] Furthermore, the front and rear ends of the support rib are respectively installed with the aid of fixing frames.

[0014] Furthermore, a group of winches are respectively provided on the fixing frames, and both ends of the supporting ribs are respectively fixedly connected to the pull ropes on the winches and have the freedom of lifting and lowering with the help of the winches.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention, through the laying of ridges and the first and second ground films, allows the brackish water in the water storage belt to evaporate and condense on the second ground film during the saltwater-sensitive period of the crops. The fresh water drips onto the first ground film and enters the ridges through the sowing irrigation holes to provide fresh water for the crops, thereby ensuring normal seed germination and normal growth of the seedling roots. When the crops reach the non-saltwater-sensitive period, the crops are relatively strong and their salt tolerance is improved compared with the early stage. The crops can be directly irrigated with brackish water, which has little effect on the growth of the crops, and the crops can grow normally, thereby effectively reducing the use of fresh water and eliminating the need for desalination treatment of the brackish water on the land, thereby greatly saving the planting cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention without the second ground film;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA-direction cross-sectional view;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the middle part B;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram after adding the second ground membrane and supporting ribs;

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of the part C in the middle;

[0023] In the attached figure, 1, ridge, 2, first ground film, 3, water storage belt, 4, sowing irrigation hole, 5, second ground film, 6, supporting ribs, 7, trough, 8, planting belt, 9, notch, 10, water inlet, 11, fixing frame, 12, winch, 13, pull rope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0025] Specific implementation examples Figure 1-6 As shown, a method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1. Before sowing, ridges 1 are formed in the test field and a first ground film 2 is laid in the test field along the undulations of the ridge 1. A water storage belt 3 is formed between adjacent ridges 1 above the first ground film 2. Sowing irrigation holes 4 are spaced apart on the first ground film 2 along the length direction of the top of the ridge 1; preferably, Figure 2 As shown, grooves are dug at both ends of the ridge 1, so that the first ground film 2 hangs down along the end of the ridge 1 and enters the groove. After passing through the groove, the end of the first ground film 2 is covered by soil to fix the first ground film 2. The arrangement of the groove also makes the ends of the water storage belt 3 interconnected, which is convenient for simultaneously injecting water and draining water into multiple water storage belts 3 in the same experimental field; a downwardly concave planting belt 8 is provided on the ridge 1 corresponding to the sowing irrigation hole 4, and crops are sown in the planting belt 8 along the sowing irrigation hole 4. The first ground film 2 overlaps the ridge 1 and forms a cavity between the planting belt 8 and the planting belt 8. Crops are sown in the planting belt 8 along the sowing irrigation hole 4; a group of gaps 9 are provided on both sides of the ridge 1, which are arranged at intervals and connected to the planting belt 8; a water inlet 10 corresponding to the gap 9 is opened on the first ground film 2;

[0027] S2. Before or after sowing, a second ground film 5 is provided above the water storage belt 3 and support ribs 6 are provided along the long direction of the water storage belt 3. The second ground film 5 is laid with the help of the support ribs 6 to form a wavy structure, and the trough 7 of the second ground film 5 is located above the sowing irrigation hole 4; the second ground film 5 can be provided with a seedling hole corresponding to the sowing irrigation hole 4 to facilitate the emergence of the seedlings without lifting the trough 7 of the second ground film 5; the aperture of the seedling hole on the second ground film 5 is smaller than the aperture of the sowing irrigation hole 4, reducing the evaporation of water from the water storage belt 3 and the soil to the outside; in this embodiment, the laying of the second ground film 5 is carried out after sowing;

[0028] S3. After sowing seeds along the irrigation holes 4 toward the top of ridge 1 and laying the second mulch film 5, brackish water irrigation is carried out in the water storage belt 3. The water level in the water storage belt 3 is lower than the height of ridge 1. As the brackish water in the water storage belt 3 evaporates, it condenses on the second mulch film 5 to form fresh water. This fresh water drips from the troughs of the second mulch film 5 and falls along the first mulch film 2 to the top of ridge 1, irrigating crops that are sensitive to saltwater. The water level in the water storage belt 3 is lower than the height of ridge 1 and lower than the bottom of the gap 9.

[0029] S4. During the crop's non-saltwater sensitive period and drought, brackish water is continuously injected into the water storage belt 3 until the water level in the water storage belt 3 overflows the bottom of the notch 9 on the ridge 1. The brackish water then enters the first mulch film 2 through the water inlet 10 for irrigation. After irrigation is complete, the water storage belt 3 is drained and irrigation is stopped.

[0030] Before performing direct brackish water irrigation in step S4 , the brackish water in the water storage belt 3 may be drained first, and the water storage belt 3 may be flushed with the brackish water to reduce the salt content of the brackish water entering the planting belt 8 .

[0031] Before implementing this method, the experimental field is divided into several small planting areas, and the operations before ridge formation are the same as those for improving general saline-alkali land.

[0032] The water requirement of crops in the early growth stage is relatively low, and the emergence process of crops and the growth of seedlings are more sensitive to the salt in the soil. It is a saltwater sensitive period. The water evaporates from the water storage belt 2 and condenses into fresh water droplets on the second ground film 5. The water droplets slide along the wavy second ground film 5 to its trough 7 and fall downward at the trough 7. The trough 7 is located above the sowing irrigation hole 4. The fresh water droplets fall from the trough 7 into the sowing irrigation hole 4 to provide fresh water for the growth of crops. There is no need to separately desalinate the brackish water outside the plot, which reduces the planting cost. Due to the setting of the planting belt 8, the ridge 1 forms an M-shaped structure at the upper end. Part of the fresh water droplets falling from the trough 7 directly enters the sowing irrigation hole 4, and part falls on the first ground film 2 between the sowing irrigation holes 4 on the planting belt 8. The planting belt 8 gathers the fresh water to prevent it from flowing back to the water storage belt 3 on both sides of the ridge 1. When the amount of fresh water on the first ground film 2 increases slightly, it will enter the planting belt 8 along the sowing irrigation hole 4 to provide water for the crops, so that the fresh water can be fully utilized by the crops. The crops are irrigated by the fresh water evaporated and condensed in the water storage belt 3, ensuring the normal emergence of the crops and the normal growth of the seedlings.

[0033] The water demand increases in the middle and late stages of the crop growth period. The crop root system is well developed, the plants are strong and the salt resistance is improved. This is the non-salt water sensitive period of the crop. At this time, the use of brackish water for direct irrigation can meet the crop's water needs, and the slight salt content has little adverse effect on the normal growth and fruiting of the crop. Combined with the laying of the first ground film 2 and the second ground film 5, the evaporation of water in the soil can be effectively reduced, and the soil salt return caused by water evaporation can be reduced. Therefore, during the growth process of the crop, there is no need to reduce the salt content of the soil by watering with a large amount of brackish water or fresh water. The salt content in the soil is low, which further ensures the normal growth and fruiting of the crop.

[0034] Furthermore, the front and rear ends of the support rib 6 in step S2 are respectively mounted by means of a fixing frame 11, which is located at both ends of the plot. A set of winches 12 are respectively provided on the fixing frame 11. The two ends of the support rib 6 are respectively connected to the pull rope 13 on the winch 12 and have the freedom to rise and fall by means of the winch 12. The length of the pull rope 13 is adjusted by rotating the winch 12, thereby adjusting the height of the two ends of the support rib 6, ensuring that water condensed on the second ground film 5 can drip smoothly onto the planting belt 8. It is also possible to start directly watering the crops with brackish water by lengthening one side of the pull rope 13 and shortening the other side of the pull rope through the winch 12, so that the support rib 6 is inclined with the ground, allowing the second ground film 5 to slide along the support rib 6, making it easier to retract the second ground film 5. The tightness of the support rib 6 can also be controlled by adjusting the connection position of the pull rope 13 with the support rib 6, that is, adjusting the length of the support rib 6 between the pull ropes 13 at both ends of the plot.

[0035] The present invention utilizes the cooperation between the ground film and the ridge to directly irrigate the water storage belt with brackish water, so that the brackish water evaporates, condenses and drips into the planting belt to provide fresh water for crops in the salt water sensitive period, ensure normal emergence and growth of seedlings, and reduce salt damage to crop plants when they are young; after the crops grow to the non-salt water sensitive period, the water level in the water storage belt is raised to directly allow brackish water to enter the first ground film 2 to irrigate the crops, thereby meeting the large water demand of the crops; the method is simple and easy to implement, can fully utilize brackish water and reduce the use of fresh water, and can save the process of desalinating brackish water outside the plot, and can also ensure the normal growth of crops, greatly save planting costs while ensuring yield, and significantly increase the income from planting crops in saline-alkali land, and is suitable for vigorous promotion.

Claims

1. A method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Before sowing, ridges (1) are formed in the test field and a first ground film (2) is laid in the test field along the undulations of the ridges (1), a water storage belt (3) is formed between adjacent ridges (1) above the first ground film (2), and sowing irrigation holes (4) are provided on the first ground film (2) at intervals along the length direction of the top of the ridge (1); S2. Before or after sowing, a second ground film (5) is provided above the water storage belt (3) and supporting ribs (6) are provided along the longitudinal direction of the water storage belt (3). The second ground film (5) is laid with the aid of the supporting ribs (6) to form a wave-shaped structure, and the trough (7) of the second ground film (5) is located above the sowing irrigation hole (4); S3. After laying the second ground film (5) and sowing seeds along the sowing irrigation hole (4) toward the top of the ridge (1), irrigation with brackish water is carried out in the water storage belt (3). The water level in the water storage belt (3) is lower than the height of the ridge (1). With the help of the evaporation of the brackish water in the water storage belt (3), it condenses on the second ground film (5) to form fresh water. The fresh water drips onto the top of the ridge (1) to irrigate crops in the salt water sensitive period. S4. During the non-salt water sensitive period of the crop, brackish water is continuously injected into the water storage belt (3) until the water level in the water storage belt (3) overflows the ridge (1), and the brackish water enters the first ground film (2) for irrigation. After the irrigation is completed, the water storage belt is drained and irrigation is stopped; A downwardly concave planting belt (8) is provided on the ridge (1) corresponding to the sowing irrigation hole (4), and the crops are sown in the planting belt (8) along the sowing irrigation hole (4); the first ground film (2) is placed on the ridge (1) to form a cavity with the planting belt (8), and the crops are sown in the planting belt (8) along the sowing irrigation hole (4); A group of gaps (9) are provided on both sides of the ridge (1) and are connected to the planting belt (8). The bottom of the gap (9) is higher than the water level in step S3. The first ground film (2) is provided with a water inlet (10) corresponding to the gap (9).

2. The method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, in case of drought, brackish water is poured into the water storage belt (3) so that the water level is higher than the bottom of the gap (9), and the water flows into the planting belt (8) through the gap (9) to directly irrigate the crops.

3. The method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the support rib (6) are respectively mounted by means of fixing frames (11).

4. The method for precise irrigation of saline-alkali land experimental fields with brackish water according to claim 3, characterized in that: A group of winches (12) are respectively provided on the fixing frame (11), and both ends of the supporting ribs (6) are respectively fixedly connected to the pull ropes (13) on the winches (12) and have the freedom of lifting and lowering with the help of the winches (12).

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