A biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of solar evaporator, and particularly relates to a bionic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof. The bionic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator comprises a light-heat conversion layer with a cap structure and a water delivery rod with a stem structure arranged on one side of the light-heat conversion layer. The light-heat conversion layer comprises a base material with a porous structure, a conjugated polymer and a carbon-based material loaded on the surface of the base material. The evaporator has good hydrophilicity and excellent light-heat conversion capacity. The tilted evaporation interface of the light-heat conversion layer with the cap structure can well utilize gravity-assisted water transportation to obtain excellent evaporation performance, so that the evaporator can efficiently evaporate and has strong salt resistance. The special structure of the mushroom-shaped evaporator not only resists salt, but also realizes edge-first crystallization, gravity-assisted water transportation and salt collection. The condensate water recovery device is used to collect fresh water, and a resource recovery type evaporator device for simultaneously collecting salt and water is successfully prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar evaporator technology, and in particular to a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing global population and worsening water pollution, freshwater scarcity has become one of the most serious environmental problems in the world today. To alleviate the pressure of freshwater shortages, many seawater desalination technologies have emerged and developed, but these technologies require the combustion of fossil fuels to meet energy demands, and their high energy consumption limits their application in seawater desalination. Therefore, developing a new, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly seawater desalination technology is crucial. In recent years, solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology has emerged as a promising solution to alleviate freshwater scarcity in a sustainable, low-cost, and zero-carbon footprint manner.

[0003] Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) suffers from problems such as salt accumulation contaminating the evaporation surface, clogging brine transport channels and steam discharge ports, leading to a decrease in evaporation rate and affecting the evaporator's lifespan.

[0004] Therefore, a series of three-dimensional evaporators with salt-resistant configurations were developed by increasing water transport and salt reflux. However, as photothermal evaporation continues, the concentration of salt ions in seawater is significantly increased, and their release into the environment will cause even more serious pollution.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, its preparation method and application, aiming to solve the problems of existing solar evaporators not condensing and concentrating seawater and salt accumulation on the evaporation surface.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator includes a photothermal conversion layer with a cap structure and a water conveying rod with a stem structure disposed on one side of the photothermal conversion layer;

[0009] The photothermal conversion layer includes a substrate material with a porous structure, a conjugated polymer loaded on the surface of the substrate material, and a carbon-based material.

[0010] The biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, wherein the substrate material is selected from cotton fabric, filter paper, and non-woven fabric; the conjugated polymer is selected from one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polydopamine; and the carbon-based material is selected from one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, and candle ash.

[0011] In the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, the mass ratio of the substrate material to the conjugated polymer is 1:(0.1-0.2); the mass ratio of the total mass of the substrate material and the conjugated polymer to the mass of the carbon-based material is 1:(0.02-0.03).

[0012] In the aforementioned biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, the water conveying rod is a cotton fiber column; the water conveying rod and the photothermal conversion layer are connected by stitching.

[0013] A method for preparing a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator includes the following steps:

[0014] The conjugated polymer monomers were mixed with the catalyst and the pH value was controlled to obtain the first mixture;

[0015] The substrate material is mixed with the first mixture, and after being treated in an ice bath, the first product is obtained.

[0016] The carbon-based material is mixed with the adhesive and buffer solution to obtain a second mixture;

[0017] The first product is mixed with the second mixture, and after water bath heating treatment, a photothermal conversion layer with a cap structure is obtained.

[0018] By fixing the water-carrying rod of the stipe structure to one side of the photothermal conversion layer, a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator is obtained.

[0019] The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, wherein the pH value is 1-4; and the catalyst is selected from one or more of ammonium persulfate, ferric chloride, and potassium persulfate.

[0020] The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, wherein the adhesive is selected from one or more of dopamine, catechol, and gallic acid esters; and the buffer solution is Tris HCl.

[0021] The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator includes an ice bath treatment at a temperature of 0-8°C for a duration of 3 hours or more.

[0022] The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator includes a water bath heating treatment at a temperature of 50-60℃ for 4-6 hours.

[0023] Application of a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator in seawater desalination.

[0024] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. The biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator includes a cap-structured photothermal conversion layer and a stem-structured water conveying rod disposed on one side of the photothermal conversion layer. The photothermal conversion layer includes a porous substrate material, a conjugated polymer loaded on the surface of the substrate material, and a carbon-based material. This invention uses the photothermal conversion layer as the "cap" and the water conveying rod as the "stem" to obtain a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator that can be used to simultaneously collect salt crystallization and fresh water. This evaporator has good hydrophilicity and excellent photothermal conversion capability. The evaporation interface of the cap-structured photothermal conversion layer, which is inclined to all sides, can effectively utilize gravity-assisted water transport to obtain excellent evaporation performance, enabling the evaporator to evaporate efficiently and has extremely strong salt resistance. At the same time, the specially structured "mushroom-shaped" evaporator is not only salt-resistant but also achieves edge-preferred crystallization, gravity-assisted water transport, and salt collection, as well as the collection of fresh water using a condensate recovery device, successfully preparing a resource-recovery evaporator device for simultaneously collecting salt and water. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an evaporation device for a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation method of a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped cotton fabric-based solar evaporator in Example 1;

[0028] Figure 4 The graph shows the photothermal conversion performance test data of CF, PANI@CF, CNT@CF and CNT-PANI@CF under sunlight.

[0029] Figure 5 A graph showing the evaporation rate data for CF, PANI@CF, CNT@CF, and CNT-PANI@CF under sunlight.

[0030] Figure 6 The graph shows the evaporation rate data of CNT-PANI@CF for sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations, measured under sunlight.

[0031] Figure 7 A graph showing the evaporation rate data of CNT-PANI@CF under sunlight for 7 consecutive days of long-term operation;

[0032] Figure 8 A comparison of the concentrations of CNT-PANI@CF ions after desalination of seawater collected from the South China Sea, measured under sunlight.

[0033] Figure 9 A comparison of ion concentrations of CNT-PANI@CF after desalination of simulated seawater at different concentrations, measured under sunlight.

[0034] Figure 10 Microscopic morphology images of CF and CNT-PANI@CF. Detailed Implementation

[0035] This invention provides a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0036] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0037] The present invention provides a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, comprising a photothermal conversion layer with a cap structure, and a water conveying rod having a stem structure disposed on one side of the photothermal conversion layer;

[0038] The photothermal conversion layer includes a substrate material with a porous structure, a conjugated polymer loaded on the surface of the substrate material, and a carbon-based material.

[0039] In this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, inspired by the natural evaporation of mushrooms, a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator is obtained by using a photothermal conversion layer as the "cap" and a water-carrying rod as the "stem." The "cap" relies on gravity to transport water, achieving edge-preferential crystallization, while the "stem" utilizes 1D water channels for water transport. Furthermore, by loading conjugated polymers and carbon-based materials onto the surface of the porous substrate material, a photothermal conversion layer with a rough surface and numerous nanoclusters of varying sizes can be obtained. This not only facilitates light absorption but also water transport and vapor escape. The water-carrying rod, positioned on one side of the photothermal conversion layer and possessing a stem structure, continuously supplies the solution to be evaporated to the photothermal conversion layer through a capillary effect. Simultaneously, this biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator can collect both salt crystals and fresh water, exhibiting excellent evaporation rate, evaporation efficiency, and salt and fresh water collection rates when evaporating a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution under one solar intensity.

[0040] Specifically, this invention uses the photothermal conversion layer as a "cap" and the water-carrying rod as a "stem" to obtain a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator that can be used to simultaneously collect salt crystals and fresh water. This evaporator has good hydrophilicity and excellent photothermal conversion capability. The evaporation interface of the photothermal conversion layer with the cap structure tilted to all sides can make good use of gravity-assisted water transport to obtain excellent evaporation performance, enabling the evaporator to evaporate efficiently and have extremely strong salt resistance. At the same time, the specially structured "mushroom-shaped" evaporator is not only salt-resistant, but also realizes edge-preferred crystallization and gravity-assisted water transport and salt collection, as well as the collection of fresh water using a condensate recovery device, successfully preparing a resource recovery type evaporator device for simultaneously collecting salt and water.

[0041] In some embodiments, the substrate material is selected from, but is not limited to, cotton fabric, filter paper, and nonwoven fabric; the conjugated polymer is selected from, but is not limited to, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polydopamine; and the carbon-based material is selected from, but is not limited to, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, and candle ash. Cotton fabric, filter paper, and nonwoven fabric have the characteristics of strong hydrophilicity, low thermal conductivity, and ease of processing, and all have a porous structure, which can improve the loading rate of conjugated polymers and carbon-based materials on the substrate material. Furthermore, the porous structure of the substrate material has the function of transporting solutions, which is beneficial for seawater desalination. The aforementioned conjugated polymer can absorb solar energy and convert it into heat energy, thereby heating the solution to be evaporated and completing seawater desalination. Loading carbon-based materials on the surface of the substrate material is because the conjugated polymer is not hydrophilic and water-soluble enough, making it difficult to process. By using carbon-based materials as loading, a photothermal conversion layer with excellent hydrophilicity and light absorption can be obtained.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the substrate material is cotton fabric; the conjugated polymer is polyaniline; and the carbon-based material is carbon nanotubes.

[0043] In some embodiments, the conjugated polymer can also be replaced by materials with photothermal conversion properties, such as manganese dioxide or copper sulfide.

[0044] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the substrate material to the conjugated polymer is 1:(0.1-0.2); the mass ratio of the total mass of the substrate material and the conjugated polymer to the mass of the carbon-based material is 1:(0.02-0.03). Controlling the mass ratio of the substrate material to the conjugated polymer within the above range is beneficial for uniform loading of the conjugated polymer on the surface of the substrate material, resulting in the formation of a layer of conjugated polymer nanoparticles on the substrate material surface, thus improving photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, controlling the mass proportion of the carbon-based material within the above range can improve the hydrophilicity and light absorption of the photothermal conversion layer.

[0045] In some embodiments, the water-carrying rod is a cotton fiber column; the water-carrying rod is connected to the photothermal conversion layer by stitching. Using the cotton fiber column, the solution to be evaporated can be transported to the photothermal conversion layer through capillary action.

[0046] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step S10: Mix the conjugated polymer monomer with the catalyst and control the pH value to obtain the first mixture;

[0048] Step S20: Mix the substrate material with the first mixture, and after ice bath treatment, obtain the first product;

[0049] Step S30: Mix the carbon-based material with the adhesive and buffer solution to obtain a second mixture;

[0050] Step S40: The first product is mixed with the second mixture, and after water bath heating treatment, a photothermal conversion layer with a cap structure is obtained;

[0051] Step S50: Fix the water conveying rod of the stipe structure to one side of the photothermal conversion layer to obtain a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator.

[0052] In this embodiment, after mixing the substrate material with the first mixed solution, nanoparticles capable of photothermal conversion are grown on the surface of the substrate material under the action of a catalyst, utilizing the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the substrate material surface, to obtain the first product. Since the conjugated polymer lacks sufficient hydrophilicity and water solubility, making it difficult to process, the first product is combined with other macromolecules. Therefore, by in-situ deposition on the surface of the first product and then utilizing the adhesive properties to increase the loading of the carbon-based material, a photothermal conversion layer with excellent hydrophilicity and light absorption is obtained. The substrate material modified by the conjugated polymer and carbon-based material has a rough surface, covered with nanoclusters of varying sizes, which not only facilitates light absorption but also water transport and vapor escape. Simultaneously, a water-carrying rod with a stalk structure is provided on one side of the photothermal conversion layer to transport the solution to be evaporated.

[0053] Specifically, this preparation method can be used to fabricate an evaporator with good hydrophilicity and excellent photothermal conversion capability. Its sloping evaporation interface effectively utilizes gravity-assisted water transport to achieve superior evaporation performance, enabling efficient evaporation and strong salt resistance. The special "mushroom-shaped" evaporator, while resistant to salt, also achieves edge-preferred crystallization, gravity-assisted water transport, and salt collection, as well as the collection of fresh water using a condensate recovery device, successfully creating a resource-recovery evaporator device that simultaneously collects salt and water.

[0054] In some embodiments, the pH value is 1-4; the catalyst is selected from one or more of ammonium persulfate, ferric chloride, and potassium persulfate.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, a 1M hydrochloric acid solution is used to control the pH between 1 and 4, mainly to provide acidic conditions for the reaction between the substrate material and the first mixture. The role of the acid is to provide protons.

[0056] In some embodiments, the conjugated polymer monomer is in the monomer form of the conjugated polymer.

[0057] Specifically, when the conjugated polymer monomer is an aniline monomer, the main role of the protic acid in the aniline bonding process is to provide protons and ensure that the polymerization system has sufficient acidity so that the reaction can occur via ammonia 1,4-coupling.

[0058] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the conjugated polymer monomer to the catalyst is (1-2):(1-2), which can catalyze the polymerization of organic-type conjugated polymer monomers into polymers.

[0059] In some embodiments, the adhesive is selected from one or more of dopamine, catechol, and gallic acid esters; the buffer solution is Tris HCl. The adhesive can increase the loading of carbon-based materials on the substrate material, thereby obtaining a photothermal conversion layer with excellent hydrophilicity and absorbance; wherein, in the presence of the Tris HCl buffer solution, dopamine polymerizes to form polydopamine, which serves as the adhesive.

[0060] In some embodiments, before step S10, the method further includes: pre-treating the substrate material; the pre-treatment includes the steps of: ultrasonically cleaning the substrate material in a detergent, washing it with deionized water, and drying it to obtain a dry substrate material; wherein the detergent is selected from, but is not limited to, one of ethanol solution, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydroxide solution; and the drying temperature is 50-60°C.

[0061] In some embodiments, step S20 further includes washing and drying after ice bath treatment; specifically, after ice bath treatment, the obtained product is washed with deionized water and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain the first product.

[0062] In some embodiments, the ice bath treatment is performed at a temperature of 0-8°C for a duration of 3 hours or more. Under ice bath treatment, the conjugated polymer grows on a substrate material with hydroxyl groups on its surface, yielding nanoparticles with photothermal conversion capabilities.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the ice bath treatment is 0°C, and the duration of the ice bath treatment is 3 hours.

[0064] Specifically, when the conjugated polymer monomer is selected from aniline monomer, polymerization under ice bath treatment is beneficial to increase the molecular weight of polyaniline and obtain a product with a narrow molecular weight distribution, and low temperature is beneficial to polymerization yield and electrical conductivity.

[0065] In some embodiments, the concentrations of the carbon-based material and the adhesive are independently 3-5 mg / L, and the concentration of the buffer solution is 10-20 mM; the volume ratio of the carbon-based material, the adhesive, and the buffer solution is 5:2:1.

[0066] In some embodiments, the water bath heating treatment is performed at a temperature of 50-60°C for 4-6 hours. Under these conditions, the water bath heating treatment can increase the reaction rate between the first product and the second mixture and shorten the preparation time of the photothermal conversion layer.

[0067] In addition, the present invention also provides an application of a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator in seawater desalination.

[0068] In this embodiment, the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator exhibits excellent evaporation rate, evaporation efficiency, and salt and freshwater collection rate when evaporating a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution under one solar intensity. This demonstrates that the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator can effectively collect sea salt and freshwater from seawater, achieving the purpose of seawater desalination.

[0069] The following examples further illustrate the present invention in detail. It should also be understood that the following examples are only for further explanation of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above description of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] This embodiment provides a biomimetic mushroom-shaped cotton fabric-based solar evaporator capable of simultaneously collecting salt crystals and fresh water, such as... Figure 3 As shown, its preparation steps include the following:

[0072] 1) After ultrasonic cleaning in an ethanol solution for 30 minutes, the raw cotton fabric was washed with a large amount of deionized water and then dried in a 60℃ oven to obtain CF.

[0073] 2) Weigh 0.37g of aniline monomer and add it to 100ml of 1M hydrochloric acid solution, then gradually add 100mL of 0.05M ammonium persulfate (APS) solution to obtain aniline reaction solution. Place CF in the aniline reaction solution and stir in an ice bath at 0℃ for 3h to allow polyaniline (PANI) to grow in situ on the surface of cotton fabric. Wash the obtained fabric with deionized water and dry it in an oven at 60℃ to obtain PANI@CF.

[0074] 3) Prepare a mixed solution of 3 mg / mL CNTs, 4 mg / mL DA and 10 mM Tris HCl (mixed at a volume ratio of 5:2:1), place PANI@CF in the mixed solution and heat in a 60°C water bath for 4 hours. After the reaction is complete, wash with deionized water and dry in a 60°C oven to obtain CNT-PANI@CF.

[0075] 4) The prepared CNT-PANI@CF is used as the "cap" and the cotton fiber column is used as the "stem". The cotton fiber column is then sewn onto the CNT-PANI@CF to obtain a biomimetic mushroom-shaped cotton fabric-based solar evaporator.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] Using the original fabric (CF), only polyaniline (PANI) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added as comparison materials, denoted as CF, PANI@CF, and CNT@CF, respectively.

[0078] A mixture of 3.5g solid sodium chloride (NaCl) and 96.5ml distilled water was used as the initial solution. A mushroom-shaped configuration with CNT-PANI@CF as the "cap" and cotton fiber columns as the "stem" was tested for solar water evaporation.

[0079] Under sunlight (1kw / m) 2 The photothermal conversion performance of CF, PANI@CF, CNT@CF, and CNT-PANI@CF was tested, and the data are shown in the figure below. Figure 4As shown, the photothermal conversion capacity of the evaporator is significantly improved after modification with PANI and CNTs. The equilibrium temperature of CF is 27℃, while PANI@CF and CNT@CF reach 35℃ and 36℃ respectively. The combination of both, CNT-PANI@CF, reaches a maximum of 38℃, indicating that the combination of CNTs and PANI is beneficial for increasing the evaporator temperature, thereby accelerating evaporation.

[0080] Solar evaporation tests were conducted on a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution using the evaporators prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. A xenon lamp was used to simulate sunlight at an intensity of 1 kW / m². 2 .

[0081] Evaporation rate is given by the formula (Δm(kg) represents the mass change of the evaporation system, t(h) represents the evaporation time, S(m 2 (where ) is the effective evaporation area of ​​the evaporator.

[0082] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that, under the same test conditions, the evaporation rates of CF, PANI@CF, CNT@CF, and CNT-PANI@CF under one solar irradiance condition are 0.98, 1.47, 1.50, and 1.80 kg / m³, respectively. -2 h -1 .

[0083] Under sunlight (1kw / m) 2 The measured evaporation rate data of CNT-PANI@CF for sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions of different concentrations are shown in the figure below. Figure 6 As shown, the evaporation rate of the evaporator decreases when the concentration of NaCl solution increases. This is because there are more salt ions in the higher concentration solution, which form hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction with water molecules, making it more difficult for salt ions to escape into the gas phase, thereby reducing the evaporation rate.

[0084] Under sunlight (1kw / m) 2 The evaporation rate of CNT-PANI@CF during continuous operation for 7 days was measured, and the data is shown in the figure below. Figure 7 As shown, after 7 consecutive days of 8 hours of light evaporation per day, the average evaporation rate is 1.88 kg / m³. -2 h -1 As can be seen from the figure, the evaporator obtained in Example 1 maintains a stable rate without showing a decreasing trend, indicating that the evaporator has the ability to operate stably and has a long lifespan.

[0085] Under sunlight (1kw / m) 2The comparison of CNT-PANI@CF ion concentrations after desalination of seawater collected from the South China Sea is shown in the figure below. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the evaporator desalinates NaCl solutions of different concentrations. The figure shows that the sodium ion concentration in the condensate collected after evaporation of the four NaCl solutions all dropped to below 10 mg / L, which meets the relevant standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

[0086] Under sunlight (1kw / m) 2 The comparison of ion concentrations of CNT-PANI@CF after desalination of simulated seawater at different concentrations is shown in the figure below. Figure 9 As shown, it is obvious that, with Figure 8 Similarly, desalination of real seawater taken from the South China Sea and measurement of the concentration of four salt ions in the collected condensate showed that all were reduced to 10 mg / L, which also meets the requirements of WHO and EPA.

[0087] in addition, Figure 10 The images show the microstructures of CF and CNT-PANI@CF, where... Figure 10 The ac diagram in the figure is a microscopic morphology diagram of CF, which shows that CF is composed of crisscrossing cotton fibers with a smooth fiber surface. Figure 10 The df diagram in the figure is a microscopic morphology diagram of CNT-PANI@CF. It can be seen that after modification with PANI and CNT, the surface of cotton fiber is loaded with many nanoparticles. The rough surface is beneficial to improving the hydrophilicity and light absorption of the material.

[0088] In summary, this invention provides a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. The biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator includes a cap-structured photothermal conversion layer and a stem-structured water conveying rod disposed on one side of the photothermal conversion layer. The photothermal conversion layer includes a porous substrate material, a conjugated polymer loaded on the surface of the substrate material, and a carbon-based material. This invention uses the photothermal conversion layer as the "cap" and the water conveying rod as the "stem" to obtain a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator that can be used to simultaneously collect salt crystals and fresh water. This evaporator has good hydrophilicity and excellent photothermal conversion capability. The evaporation interface of the cap-structured photothermal conversion layer, which is inclined to all sides, can effectively utilize gravity-assisted water transport to obtain excellent evaporation performance, enabling the evaporator to evaporate efficiently and have strong salt resistance. At the same time, the specially structured "mushroom-shaped" evaporator is not only salt-resistant but also achieves edge-preferred crystallization, gravity-assisted water transport, and salt collection, as well as the collection of fresh water using a condensate recovery device, successfully preparing a resource-recovery evaporator device for simultaneously collecting salt and water.

[0089] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator, characterized in that, It includes a photothermal conversion layer with a cap structure, and a water conveying rod with a stem structure disposed on one side of the photothermal conversion layer; the photothermal conversion layer with the cap structure is inclined in all directions to form an evaporation interface, and the edge of the evaporation interface is used to realize crystallization, gravity-assisted water transport and salt collection. The photothermal conversion layer includes a substrate material with a porous structure, a conjugated polymer loaded on the surface of the substrate material, and a carbon-based material; The substrate material is selected from cotton fabric, filter paper, and non-woven fabric; the conjugated polymer is selected from one or more of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polydopamine; the carbon-based material is selected from one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, and candle ash; the mass ratio of the substrate material to the conjugated polymer is 1:(0.1-0.2); the total mass ratio of the substrate material and the conjugated polymer to the carbon-based material is 1:(0.02-0.03); the water conveying rod is a cotton fiber column; the water conveying rod and the photothermal conversion layer are connected by stitching. The biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator is used for seawater desalination.

2. A method for preparing a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: The conjugated polymer monomers were mixed with the catalyst and the pH value was controlled to obtain the first mixture; The substrate material is mixed with the first mixture, and after being treated in an ice bath, the first product is obtained. The carbon-based material is mixed with the adhesive and buffer solution to obtain a second mixture; The first product is mixed with the second mixture, and after water bath heating treatment, a photothermal conversion layer with a cap structure is obtained. By fixing the water-carrying rod of the stipe structure to one side of the photothermal conversion layer, a biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator is obtained.

3. The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pH value is 1-4; the catalyst is selected from one or more of ammonium persulfate, ferric chloride, and potassium persulfate.

4. The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adhesive is selected from one or more of dopamine, catechol, and gallate series; the buffer solution is Tris HCl.

5. The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature of the ice bath treatment is 0-8℃, and the duration of the ice bath treatment is more than 3 hours.

6. The method for preparing the biomimetic mushroom-shaped solar evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water bath heating treatment is performed at a temperature of 50-60℃ for 4-6 hours.

Images