Partitioned tower stack antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a partition plate type tower-shaped stacked antenna, which comprises patch antennas arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric plate and a metal ground arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, and the upper surface of the patch antenna is loaded with a metal structure for improving the bandwidth and / or gain of the antenna; the metal structure comprises at least one metal ball and / or at least one metal column, and at least one metal plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal plate are respectively connected with one metal column / metal ball, and the upper surface of the patch antenna is connected with one metal column / metal ball. After the metal plate is added, the total far-field linear superposition between the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column makes the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column equivalent to independent array elements, there is out-of-phase distribution between the array elements, the non-main lobe direction of the radiation field is mutually offset, a radiation zero point is generated, a side lobe appears, and thus the half-power beam width of the antenna is compressed, and the gain is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a partition type tower-shaped stacked antenna, which is a wide-bandwidth high-gain partition type tower-shaped stacked antenna applicable to board level and chip level. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development and iteration of wireless communication technology, people's requirements for antenna performance are also increasing. Under this background, designing and developing new types of antennas with wide bandwidth, high gain and high efficiency has become a hot and important topic in the field of current antenna research and design.

[0003] On the one hand, such high-performance antennas can not only support higher-speed wireless information transmission, match wide-bandwidth high-order complex modulation signals, expand network coverage, and improve anti-interference capability. On the other hand, in application scenarios such as radar, satellite communication, high-speed mobile communication, etc., antennas with wide bandwidth and high gain are also critical and urgently needed. Because these features can greatly improve data transmission rate, enhance the ability to capture and track high-speed moving targets, resist multipath fading, and ensure the stability of the communication link.

[0004] In summary, the development of such high-performance antennas will promote new progress in wireless communication antenna technology and have important practical significance for upgrading technical indicators and improving performance in various application scenarios.

[0005] Traditional microstrip patch antennas have the advantages of simple structure, small size, etc., and have been widely used in mobile communication and wireless terminals. However, the traditional patch antenna generally has a narrow impedance bandwidth and low gain, which limits its application. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the deficiencies and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a partition type tower-shaped stacked antenna. The partition type tower-shaped stacked antenna is a wide-bandwidth high-gain antenna working in the microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, i.e. a wide-bandwidth high-gain antenna applicable to board level and chip level. By combining patch antennas with metal balls / metal columns and using the frequency band superposition principle, the antenna has a wide bandwidth. In addition, a metal plate is added between the metal balls and / or metal balls. After adding the metal plate, the total far-field linear superposition between the metal plate and the metal balls / metal columns makes the metal plate and the metal balls / metal columns equivalent to each independent array element. There is an out-of-phase distribution between the array elements, which makes the non-main lobe direction of the radiation field mutually offset, producing a radiation zero point and a side lobe, thereby compressing the half-power beam width of the antenna and improving the gain.

[0007] The application is implemented as a partitioned tower-shaped stacked antenna, comprising patch antennas arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric plate and a metal ground arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the upper surface of the patch antenna is loaded with a metal structure for improving the bandwidth and / or gain of the antenna; the metal structure comprises at least one metal ball and / or at least one metal column, and at least one metal plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal plate are respectively connected with one metal column / metal ball, and the upper surface of the patch antenna is connected with one metal column / metal ball; after the metal plate is added, the total far-field linear superposition between the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column makes the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column equivalent to respective independent array elements, there is out-of-phase distribution between the array elements, the non-main lobe direction of the radiation field is mutually offset, a radiation zero point is generated, a side lobe appears, and thus the half-power beam width of the antenna is compressed, so that the gain is improved.

[0008] Optionally, the patch antenna is an upper surface metal layer covering the upper surface of the dielectric plate.

[0009] Optionally, the metal ground is a lower surface metal layer covering the bottom surface of the dielectric plate.

[0010] Optionally, the metal structure is composed of metal balls and / or metal columns stacked and connected in the vertical direction, and the axis of the metal column is perpendicular to the patch antenna.

[0011] Optionally, when a plurality of metal balls are stacked in the vertical direction, the diameter of the upper metal ball is less than or equal to the diameter of the lower metal ball.

[0012] Optionally, when a metal column and a metal ball are stacked in the vertical direction, the diameter of the bottom surface of the metal column is less than the diameter of the metal ball.

[0013] Optionally, when a plurality of metal columns are stacked in the vertical direction, the diameter of the bottom surface of the upper metal column is less than or equal to the diameter of the bottom surface of the lower metal column.

[0014] Optionally, the metal plate is a planar plate.

[0015] Optionally, the metal plate is a planar circular plate.

[0016] Optionally, when a plurality of metal plates are provided, the size of the upper metal plate is less than or equal to the size of the lower metal plate.

[0017] The application loads a metal structure on the patch antenna; the metal structure comprises at least one metal ball and / or at least one metal column, which can effectively improve the bandwidth and / or gain of the antenna; after the metal plate is introduced, the gain is further improved; through the frequency band superposition principle, the patch antenna and the metal structure jointly radiate, and high gain and wide bandwidth of the patch antenna are realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1a is a 3D schematic view of the first antenna;

[0019] Figure 1b is a 3D schematic view of the second antenna;

[0020] Figure 1c is a 3D schematic view of the third antenna;

[0021] Figure 2a , Figure 2b and Figure 2c are respectively a top view, a front view and an axonometric view of the first antenna;

[0022] Figure 2d , Figure 2e and Figure 2f are respectively a top view, a front view and an axonometric view of the second antenna;

[0023] Figure 2g , Figure 2h and Figure 2i are respectively a top view, a front view and an axonometric view of the third antenna;

[0024] Figure 3a is a structural view of the patch antenna of the first antenna, the second antenna and the third antenna;

[0025] Figure 3b is a structural view of the upper end of the second antenna with the bottom patch antenna removed;

[0026] Figure 3c is a structural view of the upper end of the third antenna with the bottom patch antenna removed;

[0027] Figure 4a is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the second antenna at 2.32 GHz;

[0028] Figure 4b is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the third antenna at 2.6 GHz;

[0029] Figure 5a is a simulation comparison diagram of S11 of the first antenna and the second antenna;

[0030] Figure 5b is a simulation comparison diagram of S11 of the second antenna and the third antenna;

[0031] Figure 6a is a simulation comparison diagram of gain of the first antenna and the second antenna;

[0032] Figure 6b is a simulation comparison diagram of gain of the second antenna and the third antenna;

[0033] Figure 7is an antenna view in which a metal pillar is used instead of the top metal ball of the third antenna;

[0034] Figure 8 is an antenna view in which a metal pillar is used instead of the bottom metal ball of the third antenna;

[0035] Figure 9 is an antenna view in which a metal pillar is used instead of the bottom and top metal balls of the third antenna;

[0036] Figure 10 is an antenna view in which a metal pillar is stacked on the metal ball of the antenna shown in Figure 8

[0037] Figure 11 is an antenna view in which a metal ball is stacked on the metal pillar of the antenna shown in Figure 7

[0038] Figure 12 is an antenna view in which a metal ball is stacked on the metal pillar of the antenna shown in Figure 9

[0039] Figure 13 is an antenna view in which the top metal ball is removed from the antenna shown in Figure 7

[0040] Figure 14 is an antenna view in which the top metal ball is removed from the antenna shown in Figure 9

[0041] Figure 15 is a top view of the third antenna arrayed in 4x4.

[0042] Figure 16 is an axonometric view of the third antenna arrayed in 4x4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present application will be further described by examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application thereto.

[0044] ​​​​​In the application, the dielectric layer 10 of the first antenna adopts FR4 material, the thickness is 2.0 mm, a copper layer with a thickness of 0.035 mm is covered on the dielectric layer, a patch antenna 20 is designed, the bottom of the dielectric layer is covered with a copper layer with a thickness of 0.035 mm as a metal ground 30, the relative bandwidth of the second antenna formed by loading two metal ball structures (the first metal ball 40 and the second metal ball 50) on the traditional patch antenna (the first antenna) is increased from 5.4% to 18.4%, and the highest gain is increased from 4.58dBi to 8.24dBi. The relative bandwidth of the third antenna formed by loading two metal ball structures (the first metal ball 40 and the second metal ball 50) and a metal plate 60 on the traditional patch antenna (the first antenna) is increased from 5.4% to 16.4%, and the highest gain is increased from 4.58dBi to 11.59dBi. After a series of optimization, the second antenna can cover a frequency band of 2.17-2.61GHz, and the third antenna can cover a frequency band of 2.29-2.70GHz.

[0045] The first antenna described above is a patch antenna, the second antenna uses a microstrip differential feed mode to excite the patch and the metal ball to generate radiation, and the third antenna uses a microstrip differential feed mode to excite the patch, the metal ball and the metal plate to generate radiation. The above is an example of microwave frequency band antenna design, but is not limited to this frequency band and process, and the characteristics of the antenna structure can be extended to millimeter wave and terahertz wave frequency bands.

[0046] The application adopts a microstrip line differential feed mode to excite the patch and the metal ball to generate radiation, and utilizes the good common mode rejection characteristic of the differential feed to make the radiation pattern of the antenna symmetrical.

[0047] It should be noted that, in the application, the feed mode of the antenna is not limited to differential feed, and the antenna adopting the structure of the application also has beneficial effects when other feed modes are adopted.

[0048] In the application, in addition to the resonant mode of the patch itself, the resonant mode of the metal ball is also introduced by using differential feed, the bandwidth is improved by frequency band superposition, thereby wide bandwidth is generated, the current on the surface of the patch antenna and the current on the surface of the metal ball are superimposed to improve the gain, after the metal plate is added, the total far field linear superposition between the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column makes the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column equivalent to each independent array element, there is out-of-phase distribution between the array elements, the non-main lobe direction of the radiation field is mutually offset, a radiation zero point is generated, a side lobe appears, thereby the half-power beam width of the antenna is compressed, and the gain is improved.

[0049] The application realizes high gain and wide bandwidth of the antenna through frequency band superposition principle and common radiation of the patch and the metal ball.

[0050] Figure 1b With Figure 1cThe metal balls shown are two, but the implementation is not limited to two, and the process allows multiple balls to be stacked, and Figure 1c When multiple balls are stacked, the number of metal plates is appropriately increased, and the size of the metal plates and the size of the balls are adjusted according to the specific situation.

[0051] The second antenna in the application can select to stack one ball or multiple metal balls, which is determined according to the actual process situation and demand, and the size of the metal ball is adjusted according to the specific situation. Generally, the gain increases with the increase of the number of metal balls, and the gain increases significantly when the first metal ball is added, about 1dBi. Different sizes of metal balls will affect the gain of the antenna. Preferably, the size of the ball stacked behind is not greater than the size of the metal ball in front.

[0052] The third antenna in the application can select to stack one metal ball and metal plate or multiple metal balls and multiple metal plates, which is determined according to the actual process situation and demand, and the size of the metal plate and the size of the metal ball are adjusted according to the specific situation. Generally, the gain increases with the increase of the number of metal balls and metal plates, and the gain increases significantly when the first metal ball and metal plate are added. Different sizes of metal balls and metal plates will affect the gain of the antenna. The shape of the metal plate will also affect the performance of the antenna. Preferably, a circular metal plate is selected. Because the circle has countless symmetrical axes, the current paths from the center of the lower metal ball to the center of the upper metal ball are the same, and the current distribution of the metal ball at the top of the metal plate is more symmetrical, which is conducive to the improvement of the performance of the antenna and the improvement of the gain. Of course, the shape of the metal plate is not limited to a circle. In addition, preferably, the size of the metal ball and the metal plate stacked behind is not greater than the size of the metal ball and the metal plate in front.

[0053] The structure of the similar structure characteristic patch antenna in the application can be replaced by a dipole antenna, a magnetic electric dipole antenna, etc.

[0054] Figure 3a 、 Figure 3b and Figure 3c The structure and size of the metal ball, the metal plate, and the patch antenna are shown in the schematic diagram. Generally, the metal ball can be selected from copper, aluminum, tin, etc. Preferably, the metal ball is welded at the center of the patch antenna, and the diameter of the metal ball is greater than the size of the patch antenna. The shape of the patch antenna in the second antenna and the third antenna is not limited to a rectangular patch. In the application, only a rectangular patch is taken as an example for convenience of illustration.

[0055] In the present application, the antenna utilizes the good common mode rejection characteristic of differential feeding to make the radiation pattern of the antenna symmetrical, and the use of differential feeding introduces the resonant mode of the metal ball in addition to the resonant mode of the patch itself, and the adjustment makes the frequency band overlap to improve the bandwidth, thereby generating a wide bandwidth. It is worth noting that the feeding mode of the antenna is not limited to differential feeding, and the antenna using the structure of the present application can also use other feeding modes, and also has beneficial effects. Moreover, the introduction of the metal ball expands the single radiator originally radiated by the patch antenna into the radiator of the patch antenna and the metal ball as a whole. For the on-chip antenna, this design gets rid of the limitations of CMOS process on the design of on-chip antenna, and the current on the surface of the patch antenna and the current on the surface of the metal ball are superimposed to improve the gain. After the introduction of the metal plate, the total far field linear superposition between the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column makes the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column equivalent to each independent array element, and there is out-of-phase distribution between the array elements, which cancels each other in the negative main lobe direction of the radiation field, produces a radiation zero point, and appears a side lobe, thereby compressing the half-power beam width of the antenna and improving the gain.

[0056] In the first antenna, the size of the patch antenna can be as follows:

[0057] patch_x = 50mm, patch_y = 28mm, w_line = 1mm, l_line = 12mm, the size of the dielectric plate FR4 is sub_x = sub_y = 52mm, and the thickness is 2.0mm;

[0058] In the second antenna, the size can be as follows:

[0059] patch_x = 29mm, patch_y = 29mm, w_line = 3.1mm, l_line = 18mm, the size of the dielectric plate FR4 is sub_x = sub_y = 65mm, and the thickness is 2.0mm;

[0060] In the third antenna, the size can be as follows:

[0061] patch_x = 28.5mm, patch_y = 28.5mm, w_line = 3.1mm, l_line = 20.75mm, the size of the dielectric plate FR4 is sub_x = sub_y = 70mm, and the thickness is 2.0mm;

[0062] Figure 3a In the present application, the size of the first metal ball d1 = 60mm and the size of the second metal ball d2 = 50mm.

[0063] Figure 3bIn the middle, wherein, the first metal ball 1 size d1 = 60mm and the second metal ball 2 size d2 = 50mm, the circular metal plate diameter d3 = 80mm, the thickness is 1mm.

[0064] Figure 4a 、 Figure 4b Respectively, the second antenna, the third antenna at the highest gain radiation direction simulation diagram.

[0065] Figure 5a 、 Figure 5b Respectively, the first antenna and the second antenna S11 simulation comparison chart, and the second antenna and the third antenna S11 simulation comparison chart.

[0066] Figure 6a 、 Figure 6b Respectively, the first antenna and the second antenna gain simulation comparison chart, and the second antenna and the third antenna gain simulation comparison chart.

[0067] The method of the stacked metal structure of the application can be applied to the terahertz patch antenna, and due to the differences in medium and structure, the results may be biased. After a series of parameters such as the size of the metal ball and the patch antenna, the size of the metal ground are optimized, the second antenna simulation result realizes 18.4% relative impedance bandwidth and 8.24dBi high gain, achieves the design purpose, the third antenna simulation result realizes 16.4% impedance bandwidth and 11.59dBi high gain, achieves the design purpose.

[0068] Figure 7 The third antenna is replaced by a metal column instead of the top metal ball, which is similar in principle and structural characteristics to the third antenna. The performance of the antenna can be adjusted by changing the height of the metal column, the radius of the column, the size of the metal plate and the radius of the metal ball. The number of stacked metal columns and metal balls is not limited, and one metal column and metal ball or multiple metal columns and metal balls can be stacked. Usually, a metal plate is welded between adjacent metal balls and metal columns. The specific number of stacks is determined according to the actual process and demand. The arrangement order of the metal column and the metal ball is not limited to the case shown in Figure 7 .

[0069] Figure 8 The third antenna is replaced by a metal column instead of the bottom metal ball, which is similar in principle and structural characteristics to the third antenna. The performance of the antenna can be adjusted by changing the height of the metal column, the radius of the column, the size of the metal plate and the radius of the metal ball. The number of stacked metal columns and metal balls is not limited, and one metal column and metal ball or multiple metal columns and metal balls can be stacked. Usually, a metal plate is welded between adjacent metal balls and metal columns. The specific number of stacks is determined according to the actual process and demand. The arrangement order of the metal column and the metal ball is not limited to the case shown in Figure 8 .

[0070] Figure 9 For the model of replacing the bottom and top metal balls of the third antenna with metal columns, similar to the principles and structural characteristics of the third antenna, the antenna performance can be adjusted by changing the height of the metal column, the radius of the column, the size of the metal plate, and the radius of the metal ball. The number of metal column and metal ball stacks is not limited, and one metal column and metal ball or multiple metal columns and metal balls can be stacked. The specific number of stacks is determined according to the actual process and demand, and the arrangement order of the metal column and the metal ball is not limited to the case shown in Figure 9 .

[0071] Figure 10 For the model of stacking metal columns on metal balls based on the antenna shown in Figure 8 , similar to the principles and structural characteristics of the second antenna and the third antenna, the antenna performance can be adjusted by changing the height of the metal column, the radius of the column, the size of the metal plate, and the radius of the metal ball. The number of metal column and metal ball stacks is not limited, and one metal column and metal ball or multiple metal columns and metal balls can be stacked. The specific number of stacks is determined according to the actual process and demand, and the arrangement order of the metal column and the metal ball is not limited to the case shown in Figure 10 .

[0072] Figure 11 For the model of stacking metal columns on metal balls based on the antenna shown in Figure 7 , similar to the principles and structural characteristics of the second antenna and the third antenna, the antenna performance can be adjusted by changing the height of the metal column, the radius of the column, the size of the metal plate, and the radius of the metal ball. The number of metal column and metal ball stacks is not limited, and one metal column and metal ball or multiple metal columns and metal balls can be stacked. The specific number of stacks is determined according to the actual process and demand, and the arrangement order of the metal column and the metal ball is not limited to the case shown in Figure 11 .

[0073] Figure 12 For the model of stacking metal columns on metal balls based on the antenna shown in Figure 9 , similar to the principles and structural characteristics of the second antenna and the third antenna, the antenna performance can be adjusted by changing the height of the metal column, the radius of the column, the size of the metal plate, and the radius of the metal ball. The number of metal column and metal ball stacks is not limited, and one metal column and metal ball or multiple metal columns and metal balls can be stacked. The specific number of stacks is determined according to the actual process and demand, and the arrangement order of the metal column and the metal ball is not limited to the case shown in Figure 12 .

[0074] Figure 13 , similar to the principles and structural characteristics of the second antenna and the third antenna, the antenna performance can be adjusted by changing the height of the metal column, the radius of the column, the size of the metal plate, and the radius of the metal ball. The number of metal column and metal ball stacks is not limited, and one metal column and metal ball or multiple metal columns and metal balls can be stacked. The specific number of stacks is determined according to the actual process and demand, and the arrangement order of the metal column and the metal ball is not limited to the case shown in Figure 14The antenna shown, whose structural characteristics are similar to those of the second antenna and the third antenna, is essentially a superposition of arrays, reduces beam width, improves gain, and uses the principle of frequency band superposition to improve bandwidth. The size of the metal plate and the size of the metal ball / metal column are adjusted according to specific circumstances. The shape of the metal plate is not limited to a circle, and a circular metal plate is preferred. The shape of the lower patch antenna is not limited to a rectangle.

[0075] Figure 15 And Figure 16 To array the third antenna into a 4x4 array, a half wavelength is usually selected as a compromise for the inter-element spacing. The antenna can be arrayed to form a directional high-gain pattern, and the excitation amplitude and phase of the array elements can be controlled for beam scanning. Here, only the second antenna and the 4x4 array are taken as examples. Arraying is not limited to the second antenna, and other models in this patent can also be arrayed. The array size is not limited to 4x4, and the selection of the specific size of the array depends on the specific working frequency band and gain requirements.

[0076] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application.

[0077] Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present application.

[0078] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. The description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be properly combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A partitioned tower stacked antenna, characterized by, The patch antenna is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and the metal ground is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the upper surface of the patch antenna is loaded with a metal structure for improving the bandwidth and / or gain of the antenna; the metal structure comprises at least one metal ball and / or at least one metal column, and at least one metal plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal plate are respectively connected with one metal column / metal ball, and the upper surface of the patch antenna is connected with one metal column / metal ball; after the metal plate is added, the total far-field linear superposition between the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column makes the metal plate and the metal ball / metal column equivalent to respective independent array elements, there is out-of-phase distribution between the array elements, the non-main lobe direction of the radiation field is mutually offset, a radiation zero point is generated, a side lobe appears, thereby the half-power beam width of the antenna is compressed, and the gain is improved.

2. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The patch antenna is an upper surface metal layer covering the upper surface of the dielectric plate.

3. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, The metal ground is a lower surface metal layer covering the bottom surface of the dielectric plate.

4. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, The metal structure is composed of metal balls and / or metal columns stacked and connected in the vertical direction, and the axis of the metal column is perpendicular to the patch antenna.

5. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, When a plurality of metal balls are stacked in the vertical direction, the diameter of the upper metal ball is less than or equal to the diameter of the lower metal ball.

6. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, When a metal column and a metal ball are stacked in the vertical direction, the diameter of the bottom surface of the metal column is less than the diameter of the metal ball.

7. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, When a plurality of metal columns are stacked in the vertical direction, the diameter of the bottom surface of the upper metal column is less than or equal to the diameter of the bottom surface of the lower metal column.

8. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, The metal plate is a planar plate.

9. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, The metal plate is a planar circular plate.

10. The septate tower-shaped stacked antenna of claim 1, wherein, When a plurality of metal plates are provided, the size of the upper metal plate is less than or equal to the size of the lower metal plate.

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