A fruit fly attractant

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of real fly luring and killing agents.The real fly luring and killing agent is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 75-85% of apple snail meat hydrolysate, 3-7% of pest toxic components, 5-15% of auxiliary materials and 2-5% of stabilizers.The apple snail meat hydrolysate is a mixture of apple snail meat after protease hydrolysis and enzyme inactivation, and the pest toxic components are Metarhizium or Beauveria.The luring and killing agent uses the protein hydrolysate of invasive species apple snail meat as the main raw material to prepare food lure, and then adds a small amount of Metarhizium / Beauveria to prepare the luring and killing agent.The synergistic effect of food lure and Metarhizium / Beauveria significantly improves the luring and killing effect on real flies.The new real fly luring and killing agent has the characteristics of high efficiency and green environmental protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of pest monitoring and control, and particularly relates to a mixed fruit fly trapping agent free of any chemical synthetic insecticide. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fruit fly belongs to the order Diptera and the family Tephritidae, and there are about 4000 species in the world and more than 400 species in China. The fruit fly larvae mainly feed on fruits or melon crops. The adult fruit fly lays eggs under the fruit skin, and the larvae hatch directly to feed on the fruit pulp, thereby causing the fruit to rot and drop early, resulting in great economic losses. The invasion ability of the fruit fly is strong, and the fruit fly is widely distributed in the world. The melon fruit fly and the orange fruit fly are very important quarantine objects in the world. The apple snail is one of the invasive species introduced into China from the Amazon River Basin in South America, and has strong feeding ability and strong reproductive ability. In Asia, the apple snail was first introduced to Taiwan, China, for food purposes, but later found that although the protein content is high, the taste is not good and contains a large number of harmful parasites, so the market acceptance gradually deteriorated and was abandoned, resulting in the apple snail breeding and spreading wildly in the wild. At present, the apple snail has been widely distributed in the vast area south of the Yangtze River in China, and is still migrating northward. The apple snail has also begun to breed and spread in many areas north of the Yangtze River in China.

[0003] The development and application of food attractants is one of the important components in the comprehensive management of fruit flies. Most of the materials used are collected from animals and plants in nature, and are friendly to the orchard environment after application. At present, the common food attractants with strong effect on trapping fruit flies include hydrolyzed soybean protein and PB, and the food attractant products that have formed large-scale production include GF-120 and Prima, which mainly use plant materials such as corn and soybean. There is a lack of research and development of animal-derived protein food attractants. Trapping and killing is an important method for the prevention and control of fruit flies, which usually adds insecticides to food attractants and sprays in the orchard. However, due to the strong flying ability of fruit flies, the effect of killing adult fruit flies is limited. In addition, the large-scale use of pesticides can cause pesticide residues in fruits and pollute the environment. The biological control using pathogenic fungi also cannot achieve good effect on adult fruit flies due to their strong flying ability. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a new trapping agent for fruit flies, which has obvious trapping and killing effect on fruit flies. The trapping agent is prepared by using the protein hydrolysate of the meat of the invasive species apple snail as the main raw material to prepare a food attractant, and then adding a small amount of Metarrhizium / Beauveria to prepare the trapping agent. The synergistic effect of the food attractant and Metarrhizium / Beauveria significantly improves the trapping and killing effect on fruit flies. The new fruit fly trapping agent has the characteristics of high efficiency and green environmental protection.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A food bait for preventing and treating fruit flies, which is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of apple snail meat hydrolysate, 3-7% of pest toxic component, 5-15% of auxiliary material and 2-5% of stabilizer.

[0007] Further, the apple snail meat hydrolysate is a mixture of the apple snail meat after protease hydrolysis and enzyme inactivation.

[0008] Further, the preparation step of the apple snail meat hydrolysate is as follows: mixing the apple snail meat with water at a mass ratio of 1:1-1:10, adding protease for hydrolysis for 3-6 hours, and then preparing after enzyme inactivation.

[0009] Further, the pest toxic component is one of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. The addition of the pest toxic component can quickly shorten the survival time of the target pests after feeding.

[0010] Further, the auxiliary material is a mixture of one or more components selected from the group consisting of molasses, ethyl acetate, balsamic vinegar, aged vinegar, isoeugenol methyl ether and orange essential oil. The addition of the auxiliary material can increase the attraction effect of the target pests, synergize with the apple snail meat hydrolysate, accelerate the attraction speed of the pests, and make the food bait have both the attraction effect and the retention effect on the attracted fruit flies, thereby reducing the escape rate of the pests.

[0011] Further, the stabilizer is a mixture of one or more components selected from the group consisting of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate and sodium deoxycholate. The above stabilizers are selected in full consideration of the complexity of the field environment where the food bait is directly placed, and the combination of the stabilizers also has the effects of preventing corrosion and sterilization, can inhibit the growth of gas-producing bacteria during storage, and can avoid bacterial growth and deterioration in high-temperature environment, thereby affecting the effect.

[0012] The food bait formed according to the above components is a dark brown or light green liquid substance containing a small amount of flocculent precipitate, which needs to be placed in the orchard or field by using a bait bottle or other device capable of carrying liquid, or sprayed on the plants to attract fruit flies to feed, so as to achieve the purpose of pest control.

[0013] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above food bait, which comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) adding the auxiliary material into the apple snail meat hydrolysate and stirring until all are dissolved;

[0015] (2) slowly adding the pest toxic component and the stabilizer under stirring, and fully stirring to obtain the food bait.

[0016] Wherein, in step (1), the auxiliary materials need to be fully dissolved in the Pomacea canaliculata meat hydrolysate by sufficient stirring; in step (2), the pest toxic component and the stabilizer need to be slowly added while stirring, and the sufficient stirring time is not less than 5 minutes.

[0017] The application also provides the application of the food attractant in the prevention and treatment of real flies.

[0018] The application also provides a method for preventing and treating real flies, which comprises hanging an attractant bottle containing the food attractant on branches, vines or support rods in orchards and fields where real flies are harmful, or spraying the food attractant on plants in a spraying manner to attract real flies to feed.

[0019] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The application provides a novel food attractant for preventing and treating real flies, and a better prevention and treatment method is developed according to the biological characteristics of real fly pests, a small amount of toxic components and auxiliary materials are added, and a multi-component mixture is used to make the food attractant more attractive and quickly kill pests; the selection of the type and components of the stabilizer not only considers the applicability in the field, but also considers the swelling in the storage environment and the metamorphosis in the high-temperature environment of other components of the food attractant, so as to further ensure the prevention and treatment effect of the food attractant; in addition, the formula uses the Pomacea canaliculata which is an invasive species and easy to obtain as the main component of the protein attractant, realizing the green cycle of using an invasive species to prevent and treat an invasive species. According to the formula, the food attractant prepared therefrom can continuously attract pests for 10-12 days at 35-40 DEG C, and the effective period can be prolonged to 14-16 days at 30 DEG C or below, and the food attractant does not attract and harm natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, and has no toxic effect on fruits and crops.

[0021] (2) The food attractant is prepared by using the protein hydrolysate of the invasive species Pomacea canaliculata as the main raw material, and a small amount of Metarrhizium / Beauveria is added to prepare the attractant, which utilizes the synergistic effect of the food attractant and Metarrhizium / Beauveria to significantly improve the killing effect on real flies. Experiments show that the killing effect of the food attractant containing Metarrhizium / Beauveria on Bactrocera dorsalis is obviously better than that of single Metarrhizium / Beauveria and the food attractant.

[0022] (3) The apple snail in the present application is a common species in orchards and paddy fields in South China. The toxic component of the food bait formula is an entomopathogenic fungus, and the other raw materials are easy to obtain and do not harm the environment and human body. The food bait has the characteristics of high efficiency and green environmental protection in the prevention and control of fruit flies. The present application has a very broad application prospect in the field of agricultural technology such as monitoring and control of fruit flies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Lethal effect of the food bait containing Metarhizium anisopliae on B. oleae. Different letters on the columns of the same time point indicate significant differences by non-parametric test, P<0.05.

[0024] Figure 2 The carcass of B. oleae was cultured in liquid medium (left) and a large number of Metarhizium anisopliae hyphae were found after 4 days (right).

[0025] Figure 3 Lethal effect of the food bait containing Metarhizium anisopliae on B. oleae. Different letters on the columns of the same time point indicate significant differences by non-parametric test, P<0.05.

[0026] Figure 4 The carcass of B. oleae was cultured in liquid medium (left) and a large number of Metarhizium anisopliae hyphae were found after 4 days (right). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will further illustrate the attracting effect of the food bait on B. oleae in the present application in combination with specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0028] Example 1: Attracting effect of food bait on B. oleae

[0029] A food bait for fruit fly control, which is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 96.5% of apple snail meat hydrolysate and 3.5% of stabilizer.

[0030] The stabilizer is a mixture of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0031] The preparation steps of the apple snail meat hydrolysate are as follows: mix apple snail meat with water at a mass ratio of 1:5, add protease for hydrolysis, and the enzyme activity is 6000 U / g. After hydrolysis at 50°C for 3 hours, the enzyme is inactivated at 90°C to obtain the product.

[0032] The preparation steps of the food bait are as follows: add potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate to the apple snail meat hydrolysate, and stir well to obtain the product.

[0033] Test site: Guangzhou Yangtao Orchard

[0034] Time: August-September 2022

[0035] Crop: mango, carambola, banana, guava

[0036] Target pest: Bactrocera dorsalis

[0037] The single test method is to hang 5 traps containing 50 mL of the food attractant in the carambola orchard, about 10 m apart between traps, and retrieve the traps after 3 days to identify the trapped flies. The multiple results are summarized in Table 1.

[0038] As shown in Table 1, the food attractant has a good attraction effect on both male and female adults of B. dorsalis. In late September, the field B. dorsalis population is large, and the number of flies attracted by the food attractant increases significantly, and the number of male and female flies attracted is close.

[0039] Table 1 Attraction number of food attractant to B. dorsalis in carambola orchard

[0040]

[0041] Note: The data are presented in the form of mean ± standard error.

[0042] Example 2: Attraction effect of food attractant on B. dorsalis

[0043] A food attractant for Bactrocera control, which is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 87.5% of Pomacea canaliculata meat hydrolysate, 9% of auxiliary materials, and 3.5% of stabilizer.

[0044] The auxiliary material is a mixture of molasses, ethyl acetate, vinegar, isoeugenol methyl ether in a mass ratio of 1:5:4.8:0.2.

[0045] The stabilizer is a mixture of propyl paraben and sodium benzoate in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0046] The preparation steps of the Pomacea canaliculata meat hydrolysate are as follows: mix the Pomacea canaliculata meat with water in a mass ratio of 1:8, add protease for hydrolysis, and the enzyme activity is 6000 U / g. After hydrolysis at 50℃ for 3 hours, the enzyme is inactivated at 90℃ to obtain the product.

[0047] The preparation steps of the food attractant are as follows: (1) stir the molasses, ethyl acetate, vinegar, and isoeugenol methyl ether into the Pomacea canaliculata meat hydrolysate until they are completely dissolved; (2) slowly add propyl paraben and sodium benzoate under stirring, and fully stir to obtain the product.

[0048] Test site: carambola orchard in Guangzhou

[0049] Time: June-July, 2023

[0050] Crop: Mango, Citrus, Banana, Guava, Lychee

[0051] Target pest: Bactrocera dorsalis

[0052] The single test method is as follows: hang the trap bottles containing 50 mL of the food attractant in the citrus orchard, with 3 replicates each time, and hang them on the branches of the fruit trees at a distance of about 10 m between traps. After 3 days, the traps are collected and the trapped flies are identified. The results of multiple tests are shown in Table 2.

[0053] As shown in Table 2, the formula has a strong attraction effect on B. dorsalis, attracting a large number of male flies, and the overall trapping amount of female flies is also large. The middle of July is a period of heavy rain and typhoon, but it does not have a significant impact on the attraction effect of the formula.

[0054] Table 2 Attraction results of food attractant on B. dorsalis in citrus orchard

[0055]

[0056] Note: The data are presented in the form of mean ± standard error.

[0057] Example 3: Insecticidal effect of food attractant on B. dorsalis

[0058] A food attractant for B. dorsalis control, which is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 81.4% of apple snail meat hydrolysate, 6.6% of Beauveria bassiana, 10% of auxiliary materials, and 2% of stabilizers.

[0059] The auxiliary materials are a mixture of molasses, ethyl acetate, vinegar, isoeugenol methyl ether, and orange essential oil in a mass ratio of 0.5:4:5:0.3:0.2.

[0060] The stabilizer is a mixture of propyl paraben and sodium benzoate in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0061] The preparation steps of the apple snail meat hydrolysate are as follows: mix the apple snail meat with water in a mass ratio of 1:8, add protease for hydrolysis, with an enzyme activity of 6000 U / g, and hydrolyze at 50°C for 3 hours. After enzyme inactivation at 90°C, the apple snail meat hydrolysate is obtained.

[0062] The preparation steps of the food attractant are as follows: (1) stir the molasses, ethyl acetate, vinegar, isoeugenol methyl ether, and orange essential oil into the apple snail meat hydrolysate until they are completely dissolved; (2) slowly add the Beauveria bassiana, propyl paraben, and sodium benzoate under stirring, and stir thoroughly to obtain the food attractant.

[0063] Test site: Insect Department Laboratory, South China Agricultural University

[0064] Time: April 2023

[0065] Target pests: Bactrocera dorsalis

[0066] 30 Bactrocera dorsalis of 3-5 days were taken in the insect cage, starved for 4 hours, and then put into 10 mL of the food baiting agent. The mortality rate was recorded at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The Bactrocera dorsalis that took pure food bait (81.4% Pomacea canaliculata meat hydrolysate + 10% auxiliary materials + 2% stabilizer), Beauveria bassiana liquid (6.6% by mass), or normal feed were taken as controls. The experiment was set up in three replicates.

[0067] The results showed that the mortality rate of Bactrocera dorsalis that took the food baiting agent and the food bait was higher, significantly higher than that of the controls that took the liquid and normal feed. This indicated that the food bait had a strong effect on killing Bactrocera dorsalis, and the effect was enhanced after the addition of Beauveria bassiana, especially the mortality rate of Bactrocera dorsalis that took the food bait for 72 h was significantly increased compared with that of the pure food bait. Figure 1

[0068] In addition, the Bactrocera dorsalis corpses fed with the food baiting agent were placed in a potato dextrose water (021053, Guangdong Huanjie Microbial Technology Co., Ltd.) liquid medium and cultured at 28°C. After 4 days, a large number of fungal hyphae grew in or on the bodies, indicating that the Bactrocera dorsalis adults that took the food bait had been infected with Beauveria bassiana. Figure 2

[0069] Example 4: Insecticidal effect of the food baiting agent on Bactrocera dorsalis

[0070] A food baiting agent for Bactrocera dorsalis control consists of the following components by mass percentage: Pomacea canaliculata meat hydrolysate 83.5%, Beauveria bassiana 5%, auxiliary materials 8%, and stabilizer 3.5%.

[0071] The auxiliary materials are a mixture of molasses, ethyl acetate, vinegar, and isoeugenol methyl ether in a mass ratio of 0.5:4:5:0.5.

[0072] The stabilizer is a mixture of propyl p-hydroxybenzoate and sodium benzoate in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0073] The preparation steps of the Pomacea canaliculata meat hydrolysate are as follows: mix Pomacea canaliculata meat and water in a mass ratio of 1:8, add protease for hydrolysis, and the enzyme activity is 6000 U / g. After hydrolysis at 50°C for 3 hours, the enzyme is inactivated at 90°C to obtain the product.

[0074] ​​The preparation steps of the food attractant are as follows: (1) Add molasses, ethyl acetate, balsamic vinegar and isoeugenol methyl ether to the hydrolysate of golden apple snail meat and stir until completely dissolved; (2) Slowly add Metarhizium anisopliae, propylparaben and sodium benzoate while stirring, and stir thoroughly to obtain the product.

[0075] Experiment location: Laboratory of Entomology Department, South China Agricultural University

[0076] Time: June-July 2023

[0077] Target pest for control: Oriental fruit fly

[0078] In the experiment, 30 3-5 day old oriental fruit flies were placed in an insect rearing cage. After being starved for 4 hours, 10 mL of the formulated food attractant was added. The mortality rate was recorded at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Fruit flies fed with pure attractant (83.5% golden apple snail meat hydrolysate + 8% auxiliary material + 3.5% stabilizer), Metarhizium anisopliae liquid (5% by mass) or normal feed were used as controls. The experiment was set up in 3 replicates.

[0079] The results showed that the mortality rate of fruit flies that fed on the food attractant and those that fed on the attractant alone was significantly higher than that of the control group that fed on the bacterial solution and normal feed. This indicates that the food attractant has a strong insecticidal effect on fruit flies, and the insecticidal effect is enhanced after the addition of Metarhizium anisopliae, especially in the citrus fruit fly, where the mortality rate was significantly increased compared to the pure food attractant after 48 hours and 72 hours of continuous feeding. Figure 3 ).

[0080] In addition, when the carcasses of oriental fruit flies fed with food baits were placed in potato dextrose solution (021053, Guangdong Huankai Microbial Technology Co., Ltd.) at 28°C and cultured for 3 days, a large number of fungal hyphae grew inside or on the surface of the flies, indicating that the adult fruit flies that had ingested the food baits had been infected with Metarhizium anisopliae. Figure 4 ).

[0081] Comprehensive analysis shows that the fruit fly food attractant of this invention not only has good trapping and killing effects in laboratory tests, but also has good field applicability. It can withstand rain and sun exposure, effectively reduce the population of target pests, and reduce damage. Furthermore, it adopts the sustainable green concept of developing pest attractants from the perspective of comprehensive utilization of invasive species, and is an environmentally friendly attractant suitable for use in orchards and fields.

[0082] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be considered as limitations on the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a food attractant in the control of fruit flies; the food attractant is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 75%-85% golden apple snail meat hydrolysate, 3%-7% insect toxicity component, 5%-15% auxiliary materials, and 2%-5% stabilizer; the preparation steps of the golden apple snail meat hydrolysate are as follows: mixing golden apple snail meat and water at a mass ratio of 1:1-1:10, adding protease for hydrolysis for 3-6 hours, and then inactivating the enzyme; the insect toxicity component is one of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary material is a mixture of one or more of the following: molasses, ethyl acetate, balsamic vinegar, aged vinegar, isoeugenol methyl ether, and orange essential oil.

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer is a mixture of one or more of the following: sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, propylparaben, and sodium deoxyacetate.

4. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the food attractant is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Add the auxiliary materials to the apple snail meat hydrolysate and stir until completely dissolved; (2) Add the toxic insecticide and stabilizer slowly while stirring, and stir thoroughly to obtain the final product.

5. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: hanging the bait bottle of the food attractant on branches, vines, or support poles in orchards and fields where fruit flies are infested, or spraying the food attractant onto plants to attract fruit flies to feed, thereby trapping and killing the fruit flies.

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