A hydrogen storage system based on a multi-stage fluidized bed

Abstract

This invention discloses a hydrogen storage system based on a multi-stage fluidized bed, comprising a multi-stage fluidized bed with an exhaust hood installed at the top. The inlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed is connected to the outlet of a hydrogen storage tank and the outlet of an intermediate tank via an inlet pipe system. The outlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed is connected to a circulation pump via an exhaust pipe system, and the outlet of the exhaust hood is also connected to the circulation pump. The outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the inlet pipe system, the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, the inlet of the intermediate tank, and a first direct supply pipe. A temperature controller is installed on the connecting pipe between the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank and the outlet of the intermediate tank, and a second direct supply pipe is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank. This invention can effectively promote the combination of hydrogen storage alloy powder and hydrogen gas and the removal of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage compound after the reaction, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release. This invention is applicable to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage, specifically, it relates to a hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen, as a new energy source, is widely used in various fields. However, due to its relatively low stability during storage, hydrogen can explode under certain circumstances. Currently, to effectively store large quantities of hydrogen, improve the convenience of later transportation, and ensure more stable storage to avoid accidents such as explosions, the method adopted is to react hydrogen with hydrogen storage alloys to form relatively stable hydrogen storage compounds. When hydrogen is needed, simply heating the hydrogen storage compound releases the hydrogen. However, in actual hydrogen storage processes, the reaction between hydrogen and hydrogen storage alloys releases heat. If this heat is not removed in time, it will affect the efficiency of hydrogen storage. Moreover, since hydrogen storage alloys are mostly in powder form, it is difficult to ensure that hydrogen can fully pass through the gaps between the alloy powders, leading to incomplete reactions. Similarly, the hydrogen storage compound needs to be heated after the reaction to promote the release of hydrogen. However, since the hydrogen storage compound after the reaction is also in powder form, its heat transfer efficiency is low, which leads to slow hydrogen release and reduces the hydrogen release efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a hydrogen storage system based on a multi-stage fluidized bed for hydrogen storage, which promotes the combination of hydrogen storage alloy powder and hydrogen gas and the removal of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage compound after the reaction, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A hydrogen storage system based on a multi-stage fluidized bed includes a multi-stage fluidized bed with an exhaust hood installed at the top. The inlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank and the outlet of the intermediate tank through an inlet pipe system. The outlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed is connected to a circulation pump through an exhaust pipe system, and the outlet of the exhaust hood is connected to the circulation pump. The outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the inlet pipe system, the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, the inlet of the intermediate tank, and a first direct supply pipe. A temperature controller is installed on the connecting pipe between the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank and the outlet of the intermediate tank, and a second direct supply pipe is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0006] Furthermore, the multi-stage fluidized bed includes multiple fluidized hydrogen storage beds connected vertically upwards in sequence. An exhaust hood is installed at the upper end of the uppermost fluidized hydrogen storage bed. A bed height adjustment mechanism is installed between the exhaust hood and these fluidized hydrogen storage beds. The bed height adjustment mechanism is connected to the frame. Each fluidized hydrogen storage bed is connected to the inlet pipe system. A one-way gas distribution seat is fixed at the lower end of each fluidized hydrogen storage bed. The fluidized hydrogen storage bed located below is unidirectionally connected to the fluidized hydrogen storage bed above it through the one-way gas distribution seat. Each one-way gas distribution seat is connected to the inlet pipe system. The lower end of the one-way gas distribution seat located at the lowest end is isolated from the outside.

[0007] Furthermore, the fluidized hydrogen storage bed includes a lower cylinder and an upper cylinder that are nested together, forming a hydrogen storage cavity within the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder. Hydrogen storage alloy powder is filled into the hydrogen storage cavity, and the ends of the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder that are far apart from each other are respectively connected and fixed to corresponding unidirectional gas distribution seats.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower part of the upper cylinder is fitted onto the upper part of the lower cylinder, and a connecting cylinder is coaxially constructed at the upper end of the upper cylinder. The radial length of the connecting cylinder is less than the radial length of the upper cylinder, and the upper end of the connecting cylinder is connected and fixed to the corresponding one-way air distribution seat. An exhaust connector pipe and a feeding connector pipe are constructed on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting cylinder. An exhaust control valve and a feeding control valve are respectively installed on the exhaust connector pipe and the feeding connector pipe, and the exhaust connector pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe system.

[0009] Furthermore, the unidirectional air distribution seat includes a first seat body and a second seat body that are detachably connected. The first seat body is disposed at the upper end of the second seat body, and a plurality of air inlet caps are installed at the upper end of the first seat body. An air guiding channel is constructed between the first seat body and the second seat body, and the air guiding channel connects the air inlet pipe system and each air inlet cap.

[0010] Furthermore, the air guiding channel includes multiple air guiding holes opened in the first seat body, each corresponding to an air inlet cap. A conical opening and closing hole is opened in the second seat body at a position corresponding to the air guiding holes. The large-diameter end of the conical opening and closing hole faces upward and connects to the lower end of the air guiding hole. The lower end of the conical opening and closing hole penetrates the lower end face of the second seat body, and the lower end of the conical opening and closing hole on the lowest one-way air distribution seat is closed. Multiple first air intake channels are constructed between the first and second seats body. Each air guiding hole and conical opening and closing hole is connected to the corresponding first air intake channel. These first air intake channels are connected to the second air intake channels constructed between the first and second seats body. The second air intake channels are connected to the air intake pipe system through an air intake connector pipe. An air intake control valve is installed on the air intake connector pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the air inlet cap includes an air outlet constructed on the upper end of the first base body. The air outlet is connected to the upper end of the corresponding air guide hole. A cap body is installed on the upper part of the air outlet. The cap body is connected to the air guide hole through the air outlet, and the cap body is connected to an elastic opening and closing member for opening and closing the conical opening and closing hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic opening and closing component includes a guide sleeve constructed at the center of the cap body, the guide sleeve extending into the air outlet, forming an air passage between the guide sleeve and the air outlet, a conical valve body with the small diameter end facing downward is assembled in the conical opening and closing hole, a connecting rod coaxially constructed on the conical valve body, the upper end of the connecting rod extending into the guide sleeve from the lower end of the guide sleeve, a connecting spring installed in the guide sleeve, the lower end of the connecting spring being fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, the upper end of the connecting spring being constructed with a movable seat, the lower end of the adjusting screw extending vertically into the cap body and threadedly connected to the movable seat, and the adjusting screw being rotatably connected to the cap body.

[0013] Furthermore, the bed height adjustment mechanism includes multiple elastic telescopic components, each of which is installed between two adjacent one-way air distribution seats, or between the air outlet hood and an adjacent one-way air distribution seat. A vertical adjustment component is installed between the frame and the air outlet hood, and the pipes directly connected to the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder are all metal corrugated pipes.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic telescopic component includes two connecting pipes, with a plug rod movably connected to one end of the two connecting pipes that are close to each other, and the other ends of the two connecting pipes that are far apart from each other respectively connected to corresponding one-way air distribution seats or air outlet hoods. A telescopic spring is fitted over the plug rod, and the two ends of the telescopic spring are respectively connected and fixed to the ends of the two connecting pipes that are far apart from each other. The vertical adjustment assembly includes a transmission seat and a fixed seat that are respectively connected to the air outlet hood and the frame. The lower end of the vertical screw is rotatably connected to the fixed seat, and the upper end of the vertical screw extends out of the transmission seat and is threadedly connected to the transmission seat. An operating handwheel is installed at the upper end of the vertical screw.

[0015] The technological advancements achieved by this invention compared to existing technologies, due to the aforementioned structure, are as follows: This invention utilizes the principle of a fluidized bed to achieve rapid hydrogen storage and release. Specifically, during hydrogen storage, the hydrogen gas in the storage tank or the hydrogen gas directly supplied from the external piping system is first cooled by a temperature controller, and then introduced into the multi-stage fluidized bed through the inlet piping system at a predetermined pressure. This causes the hydrogen storage alloy powder in the multi-stage fluidized bed to become fluidized, thereby enabling the hydrogen gas to react fully and rapidly with the hydrogen storage alloy powder, and quickly removing the heat generated by the reaction. When hydrogen release is required, the hydrogen stored in the intermediate tank is heated by a temperature controller and then introduced into the inlet pipe system. It then enters the multi-stage fluidized bed at a predetermined pressure, causing the hydrogen storage compound in the multi-stage fluidized bed to become fluidized. This portion of hydrogen carrying a certain amount of heat is called the hydrogen release start-up source. The heat carried by the hydrogen release start-up source exchanges heat with the hydrogen storage compound in the multi-stage fluidized bed, causing the hydrogen storage compound to release a portion of the hydrogen. The released hydrogen is discharged from the multi-stage fluidized bed along with the hydrogen release start-up source, then heated again by the temperature controller, and then pressurized by a circulating pump before re-entering the multi-stage fluidized bed to continue the hydrogen release operation. When the hydrogen release reaches a certain value, some of the hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank or used directly, while the other portion of hydrogen is kept in circulation until the hydrogen in the multi-stage fluidized bed is released to the predetermined value or completely released. The temperature controller of this invention is generally a spiral coil, which is fitted around the corresponding pipeline. When cooling of the pipeline is required, a cooling medium is passed through the coil to cool the hydrogen gas inside. When heating of the pipeline is required, a heating medium is passed through the coil to heat the hydrogen gas inside. In summary, this invention, during the hydrogen storage and release process, first fluidizes the hydrogen storage alloy powder or hydrogen storage compound, thereby ensuring rapid hydrogen reaction or release and improving heat exchange efficiency, thus increasing the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0017] In the attached diagram:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stage fluidized bed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fluidized hydrogen storage bed located at the lowest end in the multi-stage fluidized bed of this invention.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure shown from another angle;

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 3 An axial sectional view of the structure shown.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the fluidized hydrogen storage bed located at the lowest end in the multi-stage fluidized bed of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is an axial structural cross-sectional view of the connection between the unidirectional air distribution seat and the air inlet cap in a multi-stage fluidized bed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-stage fluidized bed after removing the vertical adjustment component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic telescopic component in the bed height adjustment mechanism of this invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical adjustment component in the bed height adjustment mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Components labeled: 100 - Multistage fluidized bed, 101 - First seat, 102 - Second seat, 103 - Conical opening / closing hole, 104 - Air guide hole, 105 - Second air inlet channel, 106 - Lower cylinder, 107 - First reinforcing rib, 108 - Upper cylinder, 109 - Connecting cylinder, 110 - Second reinforcing rib, 111 - Feed connector pipe, 112 - First air inlet channel, 200 - Exhaust hood, 201 - Conical hood, 202 - Main exhaust pipe, 300 - Inlet and exhaust system, 301 - Inlet connector pipe, 302 - Main exhaust pipe, 303 - First connector pipe, 304 - Exhaust connector pipe, 305 - Exhaust... Main gas pipe, 306-Second connector pipe, 400-Bed height adjustment mechanism, 401-Connecting pipe, 402-Insertion rod, 403-Telescopic spring, 404-Transmission seat, 405-Fixed seat, 406-Vertical lead screw, 407-Operating handwheel, 500-Hydrogen storage tank, 600-Intermediate tank, 700-Thermostat, 800-Circulation pump, 900-Inlet cap, 901-Outlet nozzle, 902-Cap body, 903-Guide sleeve, 904-Adjusting screw, 905-Connecting spring, 906-Modible seat, 907-Connecting rod, 908-Conical valve body, 909-Gas passage, 910-Connecting block. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0030] This invention discloses a hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes an exhaust hood 200, a multi-stage fluidized bed 100, a hydrogen storage tank 500, an intermediate tank 600, an inlet piping system, an exhaust piping system, a circulation pump 800, and a temperature controller 700. The exhaust hood 200 is installed at the upper end of the multi-stage fluidized bed 100. The inlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 500 and the outlet of the intermediate tank 600 via the inlet piping system. The outlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 is connected to the circulation pump 800 via the exhaust piping system. The outlet of the exhaust hood 200 is also connected to the circulation pump 800. The outlet of the circulation pump 800 is connected to the inlet of the inlet piping system, the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 500, the inlet of the intermediate tank 600, and a first direct supply pipe. The temperature controller 700 is mounted on a connecting pipe that connects the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 500 and the outlet of the intermediate tank 600. The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 500 is also connected to a second direct supply pipe. The working principle and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention achieves the purpose of rapid hydrogen storage and release by adopting the principle of fluidized bed. Specifically, during hydrogen storage, the hydrogen in the storage tank or the hydrogen directly supplied by the external pipeline is first cooled by the temperature controller 700, and then introduced into the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 through the inlet pipeline at a predetermined pressure, so that the hydrogen storage alloy powder in the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 becomes fluidized, thereby enabling the hydrogen to react fully and quickly with the hydrogen storage alloy powder, and quickly carrying away the heat generated by the reaction. When hydrogen release is required, the hydrogen stored in the intermediate tank 600 is heated by the temperature controller 700 and then introduced into the inlet pipe system. It then enters the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 at a predetermined pressure, causing the hydrogen storage compound in the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 to become fluidized. This portion of hydrogen carrying a certain amount of heat is called the hydrogen release start-up source. The heat carried by the hydrogen release start-up source exchanges heat with the hydrogen storage compound in the multi-stage fluidized bed 100, causing the hydrogen storage compound to release a portion of the hydrogen. The released hydrogen is discharged from the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 along with the hydrogen release start-up source, then heated again by the temperature controller, and then pressurized by the circulation pump 800 before re-entering the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 to continue the hydrogen release operation. When the amount of hydrogen released reaches a certain value, some of the hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank 500 or used directly, while the other portion of hydrogen is kept in circulation until the hydrogen in the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 is released to the predetermined value or completely released. The temperature controller 700 of this invention is generally a spiral coil, which is fitted around the corresponding pipeline. When cooling of the pipeline is required, a cooling medium is passed through the coil to cool the hydrogen gas inside. When heating of the pipeline is required, a heating medium is passed through the coil to heat the hydrogen gas inside. In summary, this invention, during the hydrogen storage and release process, first fluidizes the hydrogen storage alloy powder or hydrogen storage compound, thereby ensuring rapid hydrogen reaction or release and improving heat exchange efficiency, thus increasing the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 , 3As shown, the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 includes a bed height adjustment mechanism 400, multiple fluidized hydrogen storage beds, and multiple unidirectional gas distribution seats. The multiple fluidized hydrogen storage beds are arranged vertically upwards in sequence. An exhaust hood 200 is installed on the uppermost fluidized hydrogen storage bed. The bed height adjustment mechanism 400 is installed between the exhaust hood 200 and the fluidized hydrogen storage beds, and is connected to the frame. In this embodiment, each fluidized hydrogen storage bed is connected to the inlet pipe system. Each unidirectional gas distribution seat is fixed to the lower end of the corresponding fluidized hydrogen storage bed, and the lower fluidized hydrogen storage bed and the fluidized hydrogen storage bed above it are unidirectionally connected through the unidirectional gas distribution seats to ensure that hydrogen flows unidirectionally from bottom to top through each fluidized hydrogen storage bed. In this embodiment, each unidirectional gas distribution seat is connected to the inlet pipe system, and the lower end of the lowest unidirectional gas distribution seat is isolated from the outside. The specific structure of the fluidized hydrogen storage bed in this embodiment is as follows: the fluidized hydrogen storage bed includes a lower cylinder 106 and an upper cylinder 108. The lower cylinder 106 and the upper cylinder 108 are fitted together at their closest points, forming a hydrogen storage cavity inside the lower cylinder 106 and the upper cylinder 108. Hydrogen storage alloy powder is filled into the hydrogen storage cavity. The ends of the lower cylinder 106 and the upper cylinder 108 that are furthest from each other are respectively connected and fixed to corresponding unidirectional gas distribution seats. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: During hydrogen storage operations, cooled hydrogen gas is introduced into each one-way gas distribution seat through the inlet pipe system. The hydrogen gas then exits from the one-way gas distribution seat and enters the corresponding fluidized hydrogen storage bed. First, it ensures that the hydrogen storage alloy powder in the lowest fluidized hydrogen storage bed becomes fluidized, thereby promoting a full reaction between the hydrogen gas and the hydrogen storage alloy powder. Excess hydrogen gas enters the next fluidized hydrogen storage bed through the upper one-way gas distribution seat. This portion of hydrogen merges with the hydrogen from the lower one-way gas distribution seat of the next fluidized hydrogen storage bed, causing the hydrogen storage alloy powder in that fluidized hydrogen storage bed to become fluidized. Thus, as hydrogen gas gradually passes through each one-way gas distribution seat, and the inlet pipe system simultaneously introduces an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas into each one-way gas distribution seat, the hydrogen storage alloy powder in each fluidized hydrogen storage bed remains in a fluidized state throughout the entire hydrogen storage operation. This improves hydrogen storage efficiency, and the low-temperature hydrogen gas can quickly carry away the heat generated by the reaction. Excess hydrogen can be directly recycled to the hydrogen storage tank 500 and / or intermediate tank 600, or it can be repressurized and pumped back to the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 by the circulation pump 800. When the temperature of the pumped-back hydrogen exceeds the upper limit of the low temperature, this excess hydrogen needs to be collected back to the hydrogen storage tank 500 and / or intermediate tank 600, cooled again, and then transported back to the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 to avoid affecting the hydrogen storage efficiency. In this embodiment, before hydrogen storage, the relative distance between the lower cylinder 106 and the upper cylinder 108 in each fluidized hydrogen storage bed can be increased by the bed height adjustment mechanism 400, thereby increasing the volume of the hydrogen storage chamber and creating effective space for the hydrogen storage alloy powder in the multi-stage fluidized bed 100, ensuring that the hydrogen storage alloy powder has sufficient space to form a fluidized state.After hydrogen storage is completed, the bed height adjustment mechanism 400 is activated, causing the relative distance between the lower cylinder 106 and the upper cylinder 108 in the fluidized bed to gradually decrease until the reacted hydrogen storage compounds in the hydrogen storage chamber are compacted. This prevents the hydrogen storage compounds in the hydrogen storage chamber from moving due to external force collisions or bumps during subsequent transportation or storage, and prevents collisions between moving hydrogen storage compound particles that could lead to localized hydrogen release. Moreover, at this time, the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 is in a compacted state, giving it excellent integrity. During hydrogen release operations, the bed height adjustment mechanism 400 is adjusted to enlarge each hydrogen storage chamber. If there is no hydrogen release start-up source, the entire multi-stage fluidized bed 100 can be heated first. Generally, an electric heater is used to heat the outside of the multi-stage fluidized bed 100, causing local hydrogen storage compounds within the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 to release hydrogen. The released hydrogen is discharged through the exhaust hood 200 and / or exhaust pipe system, and then enters the intermediate tank 600, thus forming a new hydrogen release start-up source. This hydrogen release start-up source is then heated and introduced into the multi-stage fluidized bed 100, causing the hydrogen storage compounds in each fluidized hydrogen storage bed to gradually become fluidized, thereby promoting the rapid release of hydrogen.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3-5As shown, the lower part of the upper cylinder 108 is fitted over the upper part of the lower cylinder 106. Multiple first reinforcing ribs 107 are uniformly arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the lower cylinder 106, each extending vertically. Multiple second reinforcing ribs 110 are uniformly arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the upper cylinder 108, each extending vertically. This ensures that both the upper cylinder 108 and the lower cylinder 106 have high strength and can withstand high pressure. In this embodiment, a connecting cylinder 109 is constructed at the upper end of the upper cylinder 108. The axis of the connecting cylinder 109 coincides with the axis of the upper cylinder 108. The radial length of the connecting cylinder 109 is less than the radial length of the upper cylinder 108, and the upper end of the connecting cylinder 109 is connected and fixed to a corresponding one-way air distribution seat. In this embodiment, an exhaust connector pipe 304 and a feeding connector pipe 111 are constructed on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting cylinder 109. An exhaust control valve and a feeding control valve are respectively installed on the exhaust connector pipe 304 and the feeding connector pipe 111, and the exhaust connector pipe 304 is connected to the exhaust pipe system. In this embodiment, hydrogen storage alloy powder can be added into the hydrogen storage chamber through the feeding connector pipe 111, thereby increasing the hydrogen storage capacity of the fluidized hydrogen storage bed. During the hydrogen release operation, when the rising hydrogen is sufficient to maintain the fluidization state of the hydrogen storage compound in each fluidized hydrogen storage bed, the portion other than the hydrogen maintaining the fluidization state can be discharged through the exhaust connector pipes 304 for collection, direct or indirect use, etc. In this embodiment, the amount of hydrogen maintaining the fluidization state of the hydrogen storage compound is very small compared to the amount of hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage compound. The subsequent recovery of this portion of hydrogen maintaining the fluidization state of the hydrogen storage compound is also relatively simple and will not cause waste.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3-5As shown, the unidirectional air distribution seat includes a first seat body 101 and a second seat body 102, which are detachably connected together by multiple fastening bolts. The first seat body 101 is located at the upper end of the second seat body 102. Multiple air inlet caps 900 are installed at the upper end of the first seat body 101. An air guide channel is constructed between the first seat body 101 and the second seat body 102, connecting the air intake pipe system to each air inlet cap 900. The air guide channel includes multiple air guide holes 104, all of which are formed within the first seat body 101, and each air guide hole 104 corresponds to one air inlet cap 900. In this embodiment, multiple conical opening and closing holes 103 are formed within the second seat body 102, and each conical opening and closing hole 103 corresponds to one air guide hole 104. Each conical opening / closing hole 103 has its large-diameter end facing upwards and connecting to the lower end of the corresponding air guide hole 104. The lower end of the conical opening / closing hole 103 penetrates the lower end face of the second seat 102, and the lower end of the conical opening / closing hole 103 on the lowest one-way gas distribution seat is closed. In this embodiment, a plurality of first air intake channels 112 are constructed between the first seat 101 and the second seat 102. Each air guide hole 104 and each conical opening / closing hole 103 communicate with the corresponding first air intake channel 112. A second air intake channel 105 is constructed between the first seat 101 and the second seat 102. These first air intake channels 112 are all connected to the second air intake channels 105, and the second air intake channels 105 are connected to the air intake pipe system through the air intake connector pipe 301. An air intake control valve is installed on the air intake connector pipe 301. Moreover, in this embodiment, the exhaust control valve, the feeding control valve, and the air intake control valve are all one-way valves to prevent hydrogen backflow due to pressure difference. In this embodiment, both the intake and exhaust systems belong to the intake and exhaust system 300. The intake system includes an intake manifold 302, which is connected to various intake connector pipes 301. A first connector pipe 303 is constructed on the intake manifold 302. Hydrogen gas enters the intake manifold 302 through the first connector pipe 303, is then distributed to each intake connector pipe 301, and enters each intake cap 900 through each one-way gas distributor, and then enters the hydrogen storage chamber through the intake cap 900. The exhaust system in this embodiment includes an exhaust manifold 305, which is connected to various exhaust connector pipes 304. A second connector pipe 306 is constructed on the exhaust manifold 305. During hydrogen release, hydrogen gas located in the hydrogen storage chamber can be discharged from the hydrogen storage chamber through the exhaust connector pipes 304 and discharged through the second connector pipe 306 on the exhaust manifold 305. The exhaust hood 200 of this embodiment includes a conical hood 201, the large-diameter end of which faces downward and is detachably connected to the upper end of the uppermost fluidized hydrogen storage bed. An exhaust manifold 202 is constructed at the small-diameter end of the conical hood 201, and the exhaust manifold 202 is connected to the exhaust manifold 305 and the inlet of the circulation pump 800.In this embodiment, hydrogen gas passes through the gas guiding channel at a predetermined pressure and flow rate, and is then evenly distributed to each gas inlet cap 900. The gas is then discharged from the gas inlet cap 900 into the hydrogen storage chamber, thereby achieving the fluidization of the hydrogen storage alloy powder in the hydrogen storage chamber.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 7As shown, the air inlet cap 900 includes a cap body 902, an air outlet 901, and a resilient opening and closing member. The air outlet 901 is located at the upper end of the first base 101, and its lower end communicates with the upper end of the corresponding air guide hole 104. In this embodiment, the cap body 902 is mounted on the upper part of the air outlet 901. The cap body 902 is connected and fixed to the air outlet 901 via multiple connecting blocks 910. The hydrogen storage chamber communicates with the air outlet 901 through the cap body 902, and the cap body 902 communicates with the air guide hole 104 through the air outlet 901. The resilient opening and closing member is connected to the cap body 902 and is used to open and close the conical opening and closing hole 103. The specific structure of the elastic opening and closing component is as follows: the elastic opening and closing component includes a guide sleeve 903, a conical valve body 908, an adjusting screw 904 and a connecting spring 905. The guide sleeve 903 is constructed at the center of the cap body 902. The guide sleeve 903 extends vertically downward and into the air outlet 901, forming an air passage 909 between the guide sleeve 903 and the air outlet 901. In this embodiment, the small diameter end of the conical valve body 908 faces downward, and the small diameter end of the conical valve body 908 is fitted into the conical opening and closing hole 103. A connecting rod 907 is coaxially constructed on the conical valve body 908. The upper end of the connecting rod 907 extends into the guide sleeve 903 from the lower end of the guide sleeve 903. A connecting spring 905 is installed in the guide sleeve 903. The lower end of the connecting spring 905 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting rod 907. A movable seat 906 is constructed at the upper end of the connecting spring 905. The lower end of the adjusting screw 904 extends vertically into the cap body 902 and is threadedly connected to the movable seat 906. Moreover, the adjusting screw 904 is rotatably connected to the cap body 902. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: When performing hydrogen storage operations, hydrogen gas enters the area between the conical opening / closing orifice 103 and the gas guide orifice 104 through the one-way gas distribution seat. Under the action of gas pressure, the conical valve body 908 is driven to gradually move downwards until the lower end of the conical opening / closing orifice 103 is closed. In this way, adjacent fluidized hydrogen storage beds are isolated from each other. When the pressure inside the fluidized hydrogen storage bed gradually increases, the pressure on the fluidized hydrogen storage bed above it increases. The conical valve body 908 is driven upward by air pressure, ensuring that hydrogen gas in the lower hydrogen storage chamber enters the upper hydrogen storage chamber. Since the inlet control valve is a one-way valve, hydrogen gas can only pass through each fluidized hydrogen storage bed in a single direction from bottom to top, preventing hydrogen gas from being discharged from the inlet pipe system. When the pressure in the hydrogen storage chamber is lower than the pressure in the inlet pipe system, hydrogen gas continues to enter the hydrogen storage chamber of each fluidized hydrogen storage bed through the inlet pipe system and each one-way gas distributor. In this embodiment, excess hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage chamber can also be appropriately discharged through the exhaust pipe system to relieve pressure and prevent the pressure in the hydrogen storage chamber from rising too quickly, which could affect the strength of the fluidized hydrogen storage bed. In this embodiment, the elastic preload of the connecting spring 905 can be adjusted by adjusting the adjusting screw 904, thereby changing the valve opening pressure of the elastic opening and closing element and adjusting the valve opening threshold.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 , 9 As shown in Figure 10, the bed height adjustment mechanism 400 includes two vertical adjustment components and multiple elastic telescopic components. These elastic telescopic components are divided into two parts and respectively disposed on both sides of the multi-stage fluidized bed 100. The two vertical adjustment components are also respectively disposed on both sides of the multi-stage fluidized bed 100. Each elastic telescopic component in each part is installed between two adjacent unidirectional gas distribution seats, or the elastic telescopic component is installed between the gas outlet hood 200 and an adjacent unidirectional gas distribution seat, so that the fluidized hydrogen storage bed in the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 is elastically connected, and the fluidized hydrogen storage bed and the gas outlet hood 200 are also elastically connected. Each vertical adjustment component is installed between the frame and the exhaust hood 200, and the pipes directly connected to the lower cylinder 106 and the upper cylinder 108 are all metal corrugated pipes, namely the exhaust manifold 202, the intake manifold 302, and the exhaust manifold 305, etc., so that these pipes can undergo corresponding bending deformation when the multi-stage fluidized bed 100 is compressed or extended. The elastic telescopic component of this embodiment includes two connecting pipes 401. The ends of the two connecting pipes 401 that are close to each other are movably connected to the insert rods 402, that is, the two ends of the insert rods 402 are movably inserted into the two connecting pipes 401, and the ends of the two connecting pipes 401 that are far apart from each other are respectively connected to the corresponding one-way air distribution seat or exhaust hood 200. A telescopic spring 403 is fitted on the outside of the insert rods 402, and the two ends of the telescopic spring 403 are respectively connected and fixed to the ends of the two connecting pipes 401 that are far apart from each other. The vertical adjustment assembly of this embodiment includes a vertical lead screw 406, a transmission seat 404, and a fixed seat 405. The transmission seat 404 and the fixed seat 405 are respectively connected and fixed to the air hood 200 and the frame. The lower end of the vertical lead screw 406 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 405, and the upper end of the vertical lead screw 406 extends out of the transmission seat 404. The vertical lead screw 406 is threadedly connected to the transmission seat 404. An operating handwheel 407 is installed at the upper end of the vertical lead screw 406. The working principle and advantages of this embodiment are as follows: When it is necessary to adjust the height (volume) of the hydrogen storage chamber, the two operating handwheels 407 are rotated synchronously, so that the vertical screw 406 drives the gas outlet hood 200 to move vertically through the transmission seat 404, thereby driving the gas outlet hood 200 to move vertically. Moreover, due to the action of the telescopic spring 403 in the elastic telescopic component, all the elastic telescopic components extend or shorten synchronously, thereby achieving the purpose of vertical movement of all fluidized hydrogen storage beds, and finally achieving synchronous increase or decrease in the volume of the hydrogen storage chamber of these fluidized hydrogen storage beds.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed, characterized in that: The system includes a multi-stage fluidized bed with an exhaust hood installed at the top. The inlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed is connected to the outlet of a hydrogen storage tank and the outlet of an intermediate tank via an inlet pipe system. The outlet of the multi-stage fluidized bed is connected to a circulation pump via an exhaust pipe system, and the outlet of the exhaust hood is also connected to the circulation pump. The outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the inlet pipe system, the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, the inlet of the intermediate tank, and a first direct supply pipe. A temperature controller is installed on the connecting pipe between the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank and the outlet of the intermediate tank, and a second direct supply pipe is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank. The multi-stage fluidized bed includes... Multiple fluidized bed hydrogen storage units are connected vertically upwards. An exhaust hood is installed at the top of the uppermost fluidized bed hydrogen storage unit. A bed height adjustment mechanism is installed between the exhaust hood and these fluidized bed hydrogen storage units, and the bed height adjustment mechanism is connected to the frame. Each fluidized bed hydrogen storage unit is connected to the inlet pipe system. A one-way gas distribution seat is fixed at the lower end of each fluidized bed hydrogen storage unit, and the lower fluidized bed hydrogen storage unit is unidirectionally connected to the fluidized bed hydrogen storage unit above it via the one-way gas distribution seat. Each one-way gas distribution seat is connected to the inlet pipe system. The one-way gas distribution seat at the bottom... The lower end of the air seat is isolated from the outside. The unidirectional air distribution seat includes a first seat body and a second seat body that are detachably connected. The first seat body is located on the upper end of the second seat body. Multiple air inlet caps are installed on the upper end of the first seat body. An air guide channel is constructed between the first seat body and the second seat body. The air guide channel connects the air intake pipe system and each air inlet cap. The air guide channel includes multiple air guide holes opened in the first seat body. These air guide holes are arranged one-to-one with the air inlet caps. A conical opening and closing hole is opened in the second seat body at a position corresponding to the air guide holes. The large-diameter end faces upward and connects to the lower end of the air guide hole. The lower end of the conical opening and closing hole penetrates the lower end face of the second seat body, and the lower end of the conical opening and closing hole on the lowest one-way air distribution seat is closed. Multiple first air intake channels are constructed between the first seat body and the second seat body. Each air guide hole and conical opening and closing hole is connected to the corresponding first air intake channel. These first air intake channels are connected to the second air intake channels constructed between the first seat body and the second seat body. The second air intake channels are connected to the air intake pipe system through the air intake connector pipe. An air intake control valve is installed on the air intake connector pipe.

2. The hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized hydrogen storage bed includes a lower cylinder and an upper cylinder that are nested together. A hydrogen storage cavity is formed in the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder. Hydrogen storage alloy powder is filled in the hydrogen storage cavity. The ends of the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder that are far apart from each other are respectively connected and fixed to corresponding unidirectional gas distribution seats.

3. A hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower part of the upper cylinder is fitted onto the upper part of the lower cylinder. A connecting cylinder is coaxially constructed at the upper end of the upper cylinder. The radial length of the connecting cylinder is less than the radial length of the upper cylinder. The upper end of the connecting cylinder is connected and fixed to the corresponding one-way air distribution seat. An exhaust connector pipe and a feeding connector pipe are constructed on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting cylinder. An exhaust control valve and a feeding control valve are respectively installed on the exhaust connector pipe and the feeding connector pipe. The exhaust connector pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe system.

4. A hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air inlet cap includes an air outlet constructed on the upper end of the first base body. The air outlet is connected to the upper end of the corresponding air guide hole. A cap body is installed on the upper part of the air outlet. The cap body is connected to the air guide hole through the air outlet, and the cap body is connected to an elastic opening and closing member for opening and closing the conical opening and closing hole.

5. A hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The elastic opening and closing component includes a guide sleeve constructed at the center of the cap body, the guide sleeve extending into the air outlet, forming an air passage between the guide sleeve and the air outlet, a conical valve body with the small diameter end facing downward is assembled in a conical opening and closing hole, a connecting rod coaxially constructed on the conical valve body, the upper end of the connecting rod extending into the guide sleeve from the lower end of the guide sleeve, a connecting spring installed in the guide sleeve, the lower end of the connecting spring being fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, a movable seat constructed at the upper end of the connecting spring, the lower end of the adjusting screw extending vertically into the cap body and threadedly connected to the movable seat, and the adjusting screw being rotatably connected to the cap body.

6. A hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bed height adjustment mechanism includes multiple elastic telescopic components. Each elastic telescopic component is installed between two adjacent one-way air distribution seats, or between the air outlet hood and an adjacent one-way air distribution seat. A vertical adjustment component is installed between the frame and the air outlet hood, and the pipes directly connected to the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder are all metal corrugated pipes.

7. A hydrogen storage system based on a hydrogen storage multi-stage fluidized bed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic telescopic component includes two connecting pipes. A rod is movably connected to one end of each connecting pipe that is close to the other. The ends of the two connecting pipes that are far apart are respectively connected to corresponding one-way air distribution seats or air vents. A telescopic spring is fitted over the rod, and both ends of the telescopic spring are respectively connected and fixed to the far ends of the two connecting pipes. The vertical adjustment assembly includes a transmission seat and a fixed seat connected to the air vent and the frame respectively. The lower end of the vertical screw is rotatably connected to the fixed seat, and the upper end of the vertical screw extends out of the transmission seat and is threadedly connected to the transmission seat. An operating handwheel is installed at the upper end of the vertical screw.

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