A breeding method of pepper

Abstract

The application provides a breeding method of pepper, and belongs to the technical field of pepper breeding. The breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting pepper seeds of No. 8 product pepper, disinfecting, germinating, and obtaining pretreated seeds; (2) placing the pretreated seeds in a seedling culture substrate, and using a mutagenic agent to smear the flower buds in the first 5-10 days of the flowering period, to obtain the first generation of pepper; (3) selecting pepper with excellent agronomic characters, sowing the seeds thereof, and repeating steps (1)-(2) to obtain the second generation of pepper; (4) selecting pepper with excellent agronomic characters from the second generation of pepper, sowing the seeds thereof, and repeating steps (1)-(2) to obtain the third generation of pepper. The pepper seeds obtained by the breeding method have excellent agronomic characters, strong disease resistance and high yield. Research shows that the yield of the pepper seeds can reach 3983.52-4168.80 kg / 667m 2 .

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of chili pepper breeding technology, and in particular relates to a chili pepper breeding method. Background Technology

[0002] Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an annual or short-lived perennial plant belonging to the genus Capsicum in the Solanaceae family. Native to tropical Central and South America, chili peppers are a warm-season crop, intolerant of frost, drought-tolerant, and relatively tolerant of poor soil. With relatively small leaves, they are suitable for clump planting and dense planting, and have a wide range of soil adaptability. Chili peppers are primarily consumed for their fruit, which contains various vitamins, with vitamin C content ranking first among vegetables. They can be used as a fresh vegetable or as a condiment. Additionally, chili peppers have medicinal uses; the *Illustrated Handbook of Zhuang Medicine* records that they have effects such as "warming the middle jiao (spleen and stomach), dispelling cold, and promoting digestion."

[0003] Currently, the field of chili genetics and breeding still faces problems such as severe homogenization of varieties, slow progress in molecular breeding technology, a lack of high-quality and functional varieties, and low levels of mechanization, which restrict the high-quality development of the chili industry. At the same time, with environmental changes, biotic and abiotic stresses also severely limit the yield and quality of chilies. Therefore, breeding a batch of high-yielding, high-quality, resistant, and highly competitive new chili varieties plays a vital role in promoting the development of the chili industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for breeding chili peppers, wherein the chili pepper seeds obtained by this method have excellent agronomic traits, are resistant to bacterial wilt, blight, and powdery mildew, and have a yield of 3983.52–4168.80 kg / 667 m². 2 .

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for breeding chili peppers, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Select pepper seeds of Pinjiao No. 8, disinfect and germinate them to obtain pretreated seeds;

[0008] (2) Pretreated seeds were placed in a seedling substrate and cultured. The flower buds were coated with a mutagen 5 to 10 days before the flowering period to obtain the first generation of peppers.

[0009] (3) Select chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain second-generation chili peppers;

[0010] (4) Select chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits from the second generation of chili peppers, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain the third generation of chili peppers.

[0011] Preferably, the disinfection method in step (1) is to soak the chili seeds in a sodium hypochlorite solution.

[0012] Preferably, the sodium hypochlorite solution has a mass concentration of 1-2%, and the disinfection time is 15-20 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, the pretreated seeds in step (2) are seeds with neat white sprouts.

[0014] Preferably, the seedling substrate in step (2) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:

[0015] 30-40 parts leaf mold, 10-20 parts chicken manure, 0.01-0.03 parts indoleacetic acid, and 5-10 parts mushroom residue.

[0016] Preferably, the seedling substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:

[0017] 32-38 parts leaf mold, 12-18 parts chicken manure, 0.015-0.025 parts indoleacetic acid, and 6-8 parts mushroom residue.

[0018] Preferably, the culture temperature in step (2) is 20-30°C and the culture time is 80-90 days.

[0019] Preferably, the mutagen in step (2) is a diethyl sulfate solution, and the application frequency is 1 to 2 times / day.

[0020] Preferably, the mass concentration of the diethyl sulfate solution is 2-5%.

[0021] Preferably, the excellent agronomic traits are dark green leaves, smooth surface, longitudinal diameter of 12-15cm, transverse diameter of 2-2.5cm, and straight shape.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention utilizes the Pinjiao 8 variety of chili pepper seeds, pre-treating them before culturing them in a seedling substrate, and then inducing mutation breeding with diethyl sulfate to obtain chili pepper seeds with good agronomic traits, strong disease resistance, and high yield. Experimental results show that these chili pepper seeds have excellent resistance to bacterial wilt, blight, and powdery mildew, and their yield can reach 3983.52–4168.80 kg / 667m². 2 . Detailed Implementation

[0024] This invention provides a method for breeding chili peppers, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Select pepper seeds of Pinjiao No. 8, disinfect and germinate them to obtain pretreated seeds;

[0026] (2) Pretreated seeds were placed in a seedling substrate and cultured. The flower buds were coated with a mutagen 5 to 10 days before the flowering period to obtain the first generation of peppers.

[0027] (3) Select chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain second-generation chili peppers;

[0028] (4) Select chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits from the second generation of chili peppers, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain the third generation of chili peppers.

[0029] In this invention, pepper seeds of the Pinjiao No. 8 variety are selected, disinfected, and germinated to obtain pretreated seeds.

[0030] In this invention, the disinfection method is preferably as follows: soaking chili seeds in a sodium hypochlorite solution; the mass concentration of the sodium hypochlorite solution is preferably 1-2%, more preferably 1.2-1.8%, and even more preferably 1.4-1.6%; the disinfection time is preferably 15-20 min, more preferably 16-18 min, and even more preferably 17 min; the germination method is preferably to place the seeds in a constant temperature incubator for germination, the germination temperature is preferably 25-30℃, more preferably 26-28℃, and even more preferably 27℃; the germination time is preferably based on obtaining 70% of the seeds showing white sprouts; the pretreated seeds are preferably seeds with uniform white sprouts.

[0031] In this invention, pretreated seeds are cultured in a seedling substrate, and a mutagen is applied to the flower buds 5-10 days before the flowering period to obtain the first generation of peppers.

[0032] In this invention, the seedling substrate preferably comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts leaf mold, 10-20 parts chicken manure, 0.01-0.03 parts indoleacetic acid, and 5-10 parts mushroom residue; the seedling substrate includes 30-40 parts leaf mold, preferably 32-38 parts, more preferably 34-36 parts; the seedling substrate includes 10-20 parts chicken manure, preferably 12-18 parts, more preferably 14-16 parts; the seedling substrate includes 0.01-0.03 parts indoleacetic acid, preferably 0.015-0.025 parts, more preferably 0.018-0.024 parts, and even more preferably 0.020-0.022 parts; the seedling substrate includes 5-10 parts mushroom residue, preferably 6-8 parts, more preferably 7 parts. This invention provides a good growth environment for chili seeds by using leaf mold as the basic raw material, and further increases the nutrients in the substrate by adding chicken manure and fungal residue to meet the nutritional needs and normal growth of chili peppers. At the same time, indoleacetic acid is added to promote the growth of chili peppers, thereby achieving the goal of accelerating breeding and obtaining high-quality plants.

[0033] In this invention, the culture temperature is preferably 20–30°C, more preferably 22–28°C, and even more preferably 24–26°C; the culture time is preferably 80–90 days, more preferably 82–88 days, and even more preferably 84–86 days; the mutagen is preferably diethyl sulfate solution, and the application frequency is preferably 1–2 times / day; the application time is preferably 6–8 days before flowering, more preferably 7 days before flowering; the mass concentration of the diethyl sulfate solution is preferably 2–5%, more preferably 2.5–4.5%, and even more preferably 3–4%.

[0034] In this invention, chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits are selected, their seeds are sown, and steps (1)-(2) are repeated to obtain second-generation chili peppers; chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits among the second-generation chili peppers are selected, their seeds are sown, and steps (1)-(2) are repeated to obtain third-generation chili peppers.

[0035] In this invention, the preferred agronomic traits are dark green leaves with a smooth surface, a longitudinal diameter of 12-15 cm, a transverse diameter of 2-2.5 cm, and a straight shape; further preferred are dark green leaves with a smooth surface, a longitudinal diameter of 13-14 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.1-2.4 cm, and a straight shape; even more preferred are dark green leaves with a smooth surface, a longitudinal diameter of 13.5 cm, a transverse diameter of 2.2-2.3 cm, and a straight shape.

[0036] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for breeding chili peppers, the steps of which are as follows:

[0039] (1) Select pepper seeds of Pinjiao No. 8, soak them in a 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 17 minutes for disinfection, and then place them in a 27℃ constant temperature incubator for germination. 70% of the seeds with white sprouts were obtained as pre-treated seeds.

[0040] (2) The pretreated seeds were placed in the seedling substrate and cultured at 25℃ for 85 days. The flower buds were coated with a 3.5% diethyl sulfate mutagen solution once a day for the first 7 days before flowering to obtain the first generation of peppers.

[0041] (3) Select peppers with dark green leaves, smooth surface, longitudinal diameter of 12-15cm, transverse diameter of 2-2.5cm, and straight shape, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain second-generation peppers;

[0042] (4) Select second-generation chili peppers with dark green leaves, smooth surface, 13.5 cm in longitudinal diameter, 2.3 cm in transverse diameter, and straight shape, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain third-generation chili peppers.

[0043] The formula for the seedling substrate is as follows: 35 parts leaf mold, 15 parts chicken manure, 0.02 parts indoleacetic acid, and 7 parts mushroom residue.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A method for breeding chili peppers, the steps of which are as follows:

[0046] (1) Select pepper seeds of Pinjiao No. 8, soak them in a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 minutes for disinfection, and then place them in a 25℃ constant temperature incubator for germination. 70% of the seeds with white sprouts were obtained as pre-treated seeds.

[0047] (2) The pretreated seeds were placed in the seedling substrate and cultured at 20℃ for 90 days. During the first 10 days of flowering, the flower buds were coated with a 2% mass concentration of diethyl sulfate mutagen solution twice a day to obtain the first generation of peppers.

[0048] (3) Select peppers with dark green leaves, smooth surface, longitudinal diameter of 12-15cm, transverse diameter of 2-2.5cm, and straight shape, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain second-generation peppers;

[0049] (4) Select second-generation chili peppers with dark green leaves, smooth surface, longitudinal diameter of 12-15cm, transverse diameter of 2-2.5cm, and straight shape, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain third-generation chili peppers.

[0050] The formula for the seedling substrate is as follows: 30 parts leaf mold, 20 parts chicken manure, 0.01 parts indoleacetic acid, and 10 parts mushroom residue.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] A method for breeding chili peppers, the steps of which are as follows:

[0053] (1) Select pepper seeds of Pinjiao No. 8, soak them in a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes for disinfection, and then place them in a 25℃ constant temperature incubator for germination. 70% of the seeds with white sprouts were obtained as pre-treated seeds.

[0054] (2) The pretreated seeds were placed in the seedling substrate and cultured at 30℃ for 80 days. Five days before the flowering period, the flower buds were coated with a 5% mass concentration of diethyl sulfate mutagen solution once a day to obtain the first generation of peppers.

[0055] (3) Select peppers with dark green leaves, smooth surface, longitudinal diameter of 12-15cm, transverse diameter of 2-2.5cm, and straight shape, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain second-generation peppers;

[0056] (4) Select second-generation chili peppers with dark green leaves, smooth surface, longitudinal diameter of 12-15cm, transverse diameter of 2-2.5cm, and straight shape, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain third-generation chili peppers.

[0057] The formula for the seedling substrate is as follows: 40 parts leaf mold, 10 parts chicken manure, 0.03 parts indoleacetic acid, and 5 parts mushroom residue.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] Breeding was carried out according to the breeding method in Example 1, except that the 3.5% diethyl sulfate solution was replaced with a 0.5% diethyl sulfate solution.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] Breeding was carried out according to the breeding method in Example 1, except that the 3.5% diethyl sulfate solution was replaced with a 6% diethyl sulfate solution.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] Breeding was carried out according to the breeding method in Example 1, except that the 3.5% diethyl sulfate solution was replaced with a 0.5% colchicine solution.

[0064] Experimental Example 1

[0065] The following experiments were conducted at the Dongyang Experimental Base of Shanxi Agricultural University:

[0066] Till the land 10 days before sowing and apply 50 kg / hm² of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. 2 Create raised beds with a height of 25cm, a surface width of 80cm, and a furrow width of 50cm. Rake the raised beds smooth. Divide the area into plots of 20m². 2 The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates. The peppers used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were planted using a single-plant, double-row planting method with a plant spacing of 50cm and a row spacing of 60cm. Field management practices were consistent across all plots during the experiment.

[0067] During the peak fruiting period, 10 trees were randomly selected from each plot to investigate plant height, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit stalk length, number of fruits per plant, and weight of a single fruit. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1. Agronomic traits of different chili peppers

[0069] Group Plant height / cm Fruit longitudinal diameter / cm Fruit diameter / cm Fruit stalk length / cm Number of fruits per plant / Single fruit weight / g Example 1 53.12±1.65 13.50±0.10 2.31±0.05 5.05±0.56 45.3±1.05 32.52±3.21 Example 2 52.29±1.58 12.73±0.08 2.28±0.07 5.13±0.74 43.7±0.88 34.47±2.71 Example 3 52.69±2.04 13.11±0.09 2.34±0.10 5.08±0.25 44.5±1.13 32.38±3.17 Comparative Example 1 46.25±1.34 10.29±0.05 1.56±0.03 5.28±0.63 38.5±0.79 27.43±1.19 Comparative Example 2 47.24±1.28 9.83±0.08 1.64±0.05 5.33±0.71 38.7±1.05 27.65±1.28 Comparative Example 3 45.62±2.51 9.75±0.06 1.43±0.04 5.40±0.52 37.5±0.93 26.73±1.58

[0070] As shown in Table 1, the plant height, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit stalk length, number of fruits per plant and weight of single fruit of the chili peppers prepared in Examples 1-3 are significantly improved compared with those of Comparative Examples 1-3. That is, the agronomic traits of the chili peppers bred by the present invention have been significantly improved.

[0071] Experimental Example 2

[0072] The following experiment was conducted at the experimental base of the Shanxi Agricultural University's crop station:

[0073] Randomized block arrangement, with a cell area of ​​30m² 2 (10m×3m), with a protective row 2m wide around the perimeter; pepper seeds of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were sown at a plant spacing of 50cm and a row spacing of 25cm, with consistent water and fertilizer management throughout the entire growth period in each plot; 3 replicates were set up.

[0074] During the phenological and maturity stages, 15 plants were randomly selected from each plot, with three replicates. The infection status of bacterial wilt, blight, and powdery mildew on the plants was investigated according to the standards in Table 2 (if the same plant was infected with both bacterial wilt and blight, it was recorded as "1 plant" for bacterial wilt and "1 plant" for blight; the same applies to powdery mildew). The incidence rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0075] Table 2 Survey Standards

[0076]

[0077] The incidence rate is calculated as follows: Incidence rate (%) = Number of diseased plants / Total number of plants × 100%.

[0078] Table 3 Disease incidence and prevalence in different pepper plants (n=270)

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] As shown in Table 3, compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the chili pepper plants in Examples 1-3 showed significantly increased resistance to bacterial wilt, blight, and powdery mildew.

[0082] Experimental Example 3

[0083] The following experiments were conducted at the Dongyang Experimental Base of Shanxi Agricultural University:

[0084] The plots were set at 6m × 1.2m, with randomized block design and 3 replicates. Chili seeds from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were sown at a plant spacing of 20cm, a row spacing of 60cm, and one seedling per hole, respectively. Water and fertilizer management levels were consistent throughout the entire growth period in each plot. Chili peppers were harvested 5 times until the harvest was complete, and the yield of each harvest was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0085] Table 4. Chili yield in different treatment groups

[0086] Group <![CDATA[Yield per plot (kg / 7.2 m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Converted yield (kg / 667m 2 )]]> Example 1 42 3890.88 Example 2 45 4168.80 Example 3 43 3983.52 Comparative Example 1 30 2779.20 Comparative Example 2 31 2871.84 Comparative Example 3 28 2593.92

[0087] As shown in Table 4, compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the yield of chili peppers obtained in Examples 1-3 increased by 1296.96 to 1574.88 kg.

[0088] The above results show that the agronomic traits of the chili peppers obtained by the present invention are not only significantly improved, but also have good disease resistance, thereby increasing the yield of chili peppers.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding chili peppers, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Select pepper seeds of Pinjiao No. 8, disinfect and germinate them to obtain pretreated seeds; (2) Pretreated seeds were placed in a seedling substrate and cultured. The flower buds were coated with a mutagen 5-10 days before the flowering period to obtain the first generation of peppers. (3) Select chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain second-generation chili peppers; (4) Select chili peppers with excellent agronomic traits from the second generation of chili peppers, sow their seeds, and repeat steps (1)-(2) to obtain the third generation of chili peppers; The seedling substrate in step (2) comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts leaf mold, 10-20 parts chicken manure, 0.01-0.03 parts indoleacetic acid, and 5-10 parts mushroom residue; The mutagen mentioned in step (2) is a diethyl sulfate solution, and the application frequency is 1-2 times / day; The mass concentration of the diethyl sulfate solution is 2-5%.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disinfection method described in step (1) is to soak the chili seeds in a sodium hypochlorite solution.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sodium hypochlorite solution has a mass concentration of 1-2%, and the disinfection time is 15-20 minutes.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreated seeds in step (2) are seeds with neat white sprouts.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 32-38 parts leaf mold, 12-18 parts chicken manure, 0.015-0.025 parts indoleacetic acid, and 6-8 parts mushroom residue.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The culture temperature in step (2) is 20~30℃, and the culture time is 80~90 days.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excellent agronomic traits are dark green leaves, smooth surface, longitudinal diameter of 12-15cm, transverse diameter of 2-2.5cm, and straight shape.

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