Water-microorganism community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone

Abstract

The application discloses a water-microorganism colony-soil three-interface ecological interception zone, which comprises an ecological revetment, a biological reaction bed and a landscape greenway; the ecological revetment is located on the water side; the biological reaction bed is located between the ecological revetment and the riverway slope protection; and the landscape greenway is located on the surface of the biological reaction bed; the bottom of the ecological revetment is a riprap bottom layer; the water side is built by horizontally and vertically crossing round woods layer by layer; the middle cavity formed by the round wood building is filled with graded gravel, and the first plants are inserted into the gaps; the backwater side of the ecological revetment is filled with sand by filling the gaps with sandy soil, and the second plants are planted on the slope surface; the biological reaction bed is filled with different particle size filter materials layer by layer from bottom to top, and the layers are a water collecting layer, a biological reaction layer, a water distribution layer and a protection overlayer in sequence. The application can reduce the non-point source pollution in the surface runoff into the river at a low construction cost, without increasing the land use and low maintenance cost; and the water front landscape ecology and the riverway biological diversity restoration are realized simultaneously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological landscape engineering, specifically relating to an ecological interception zone at the three interfaces of water, microbial community, and soil. Background Technology

[0002] Non-point source pollution is an environmental problem of great importance, with widespread impacts on the ecological environment and human health. Non-point source pollution mainly manifests as eutrophication in water bodies, including excessive amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. These pollutants enter water bodies, negatively affecting the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms, thereby damaging aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] Traditional methods for controlling non-point source pollution mainly include the following technologies and approaches:

[0004] 1. Water-saving irrigation: By using scientific and reasonable irrigation methods, waste of farmland water can be reduced, and non-point source pollution in the fertigation process can be reduced.

[0005] 2. Integrated water and fertilizer management: During the fertilization process, water and fertilizer are combined in a reasonable way to reduce nutrient loss and reduce water pollution.

[0006] 3. Ecological ditches and main canals: By constructing ditches and main canals, pollutants in farmland are intercepted, reducing their chance of entering water bodies.

[0007] 4. Constructed wetland reprocessing: Constructed wetlands are used to purify wastewater by absorbing nutrients and degrading pollutants through plant absorption and microbial degradation.

[0008] However, these traditional non-point source pollution control measures mainly focus on the soil-water interface, neglecting the microbial interactions between soil and water. Non-point source pollution is characterized by its dispersed and diverse nature, lacking clearly defined emission points, making effective monitoring and control difficult. Pollutant transport is influenced by natural factors, exhibiting temporal and spatial randomness. Existing non-point source pollution control technologies primarily focus on source reduction or process interruption, but rarely address regulation from an ecosystem perspective, neglecting the ecosystem's own regulatory functions and mechanisms, thus hindering the effective implementation of non-point source pollution control measures. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned traditional technologies, this invention provides a water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone that features good ecological landscape, low construction cost, small footprint, and high treatment efficiency.

[0010] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] An ecological interception zone consisting of a three-interface structure of water, microbial community, and soil is set at the water body revetment and located at the bottom of the riverbank protection, comprising three parts: ecological revetment, biological reaction bed, and landscape greenway;

[0012] The ecological revetment is located on the water-facing side, the bioreactor bed is located between the ecological revetment and the riverbank protection, and the landscape greenway is located on the surface of the bioreactor bed.

[0013] The bottom of the ecological revetment is a riprap bottom layer, and the water-facing side is constructed with horizontally and vertically intersecting round logs. The central cavity formed by the round logs is filled with graded crushed stone to achieve water permeability and reverse filtration. The first plant is inserted into the gaps formed by the round logs to realize the function of artificial fish nests. The gap between the ecological revetment and the biological reaction bed is filled with sandy loam soil, and a second plant is planted on the slope.

[0014] The bioreactor bed is naturally connected to the riverbank protection and is constructed in layers using filter media of different particle sizes. From bottom to top, the layers are: a water collection layer, a bioreactor layer, a water distribution layer, and a protective transition layer. The water collection layer is constructed with large-diameter gravel, the bioreactor layer is constructed with a combination of filter media of various particle sizes, the water distribution layer is constructed with gravel with a particle size of 10-20 mm, and the protective transition layer is located at the top and is filled with gravel with a particle size of 6-10 mm.

[0015] The landscape greenway is embedded in the protective transition layer of the bioreactor bed. The bottom is laid with anti-corrosion wooden joists in a crisscross pattern and anchored with anchor bolts to form a framework similar to train tracks. Plastic boards are laid on the surface of the framework and are also connected to the joists with anchor bolts.

[0016] Furthermore, the adjacent plastic wood panels of the landscape greenway are spaced 0.2-0.3cm apart, allowing surface runoff to seep into the bioreactor bed through these gaps.

[0017] Furthermore, multiple rows of perforated water-permeable pipes are installed at the top of the bioreactor layer to achieve secondary water distribution within the bioreactor layer, thereby improving the uniformity of water distribution while temporarily storing initial rainwater during heavy rainfall.

[0018] Furthermore, the bioreactor bed also includes geotextile laid at the bottom of the riverbank slope surface and bottom surface to separate the original soil, thereby facilitating construction.

[0019] Furthermore, the first plant is a living branch or twig of a willow or vine; the second plant is a willow cutting or a shrub rooted in the local area.

[0020] Furthermore, the bioreactor layer in the bioreactor bed is the thickest, with a depth of not less than 0.8m. The filter media are modified volcanic rock, ceramsite, and zeolite, with a particle size controlled between 8 and 15 mm.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone of this invention can control non-point source pollution entering rivers with low construction costs, no increase in land use, and low maintenance costs; at the same time, it can improve the ecological environment of the waterfront landscape and restore the biodiversity of the river. This invention has a wide range of applications and can be used in the fields of river and lake waterfront space restoration, landscape greenways, ecological revetments, and river and lake ecological buffer zone restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone as an example.

[0024] In the diagram, water body 1, ecological revetment 2, bioreactor bed 3, landscape greenway 4, undisturbed soil 5, riverbank protection 6, surface runoff 7, riprap bottom layer 2-1, graded crushed stone 2-2, branches 2-3, logs 2-4, sandy loam soil 2-5, shrubs 2-6, geotextile 3-1, water collection layer 3-2, bioreactor layer 3-3, perforated permeable pipe 3-4, water distribution layer 3-5, protective transition layer 3-6, plastic board 4-1, anchor bolts 4-2, and anti-corrosion wood joists 4-3. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. The purpose and effects of the present invention will become clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone in this embodiment is set at the revetment of water body 1 and located at the bottom of riverbank protection 6. The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone includes three parts: ecological revetment 2, biological reaction bed 3, and landscape greenway 4.

[0027] The water-microbe-soil interface, one of the three interfaces in the water-microbe-soil triad, refers to the interface between the water body and the ecological revetment. Substances in the water (such as nutrients and pollutants) interact with microalgae and microbial communities, thereby purifying the water. The microbial community interface refers to artificially constructed bioreactors. Through artificially constructed ecosystem transition zones, interactions between water, microorganisms, and soil are involved, allowing microorganisms and protozoa to aggregate in the bioreactor. Microorganisms play a role in the transformation of nitrogen and the cycling of phosphorus from non-point source pollutants. A biological micro-interface environment is formed at the soil-water interface, influencing the transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter through processes such as assimilation, adsorption, nitrification, denitrification, hydrolysis, and degradation, thus reducing non-point source pollutants in surface runoff. The soil interface refers to the interaction between the root systems of planted vegetation on the slope and the microbial community, achieving nutrient cycling and ecosystem functions.

[0028] Among them, ecological revetment 2 is located on the water-facing side, bioreactor 3 is located between ecological revetment 2 and riverbank revetment 6, and landscape greenway 4 is located on the surface of bioreactor 3. The bottom of ecological revetment 2 is a riprap revetment 2-1, and the water-facing side is composed of... The logs 2-4 are arranged in double rows, horizontally and vertically, and intersecting vertically. The central cavity formed by the logs is filled with graded crushed stone 2-2 to achieve water permeability and reverse filtration. On the water-facing side, live branches and twigs of willows or vines 2-3 are inserted into the gaps between the logs to create artificial fish nests. The ecological revetment 2 uses sandy loam soil 2-5 to fill the gaps between the log layer and the bioreactor bed 3, and willow branches or local shrubs 2-6 are planted on the slope.

[0029] The bioreactor bed 3 is naturally connected to the riverbank revetment 6, and is constructed in layers using filter media of different particle sizes. The preferred filter media include volcanic rock, ceramsite, or gravel. The bioreactor bed 3, from bottom to top, consists of geotextile 3-1, a water collection layer 3-2, a bioreactor layer 3-3, a water distribution layer 3-5, and a protective transition layer 3-6. Geotextile 3-1 is located at the bottom of the bioreactor bed 3, laid on the surface and bottom of the riverbank revetment 6, and is used to separate the undisturbed soil 5, thus facilitating construction. The water collection layer 3-2 can be filled with slag or larger-diameter gravel. The bioreactor layer 3-3 is a combination of filter media of different particle sizes, laid at a depth of not less than 0.8m (the depth can be adjusted according to the revetment height). High-porosity water treatment filter media are selected, such as modified volcanic rock, ceramsite, or zeolite, with a particle size controllable between 8 and 15 mm. The bioreactor bed 3 has the thickest bioreactor layer 3-3. Multiple rows of perforated permeable pipes 3-4 can be installed on top of the bioreactor layer 3-3 to achieve secondary water distribution within the bioreactor layer 3-3. This improves the uniformity of water distribution and can temporarily store initial rainwater during heavy rainfall. The perforated permeable pipes 3-4 are preferably annular perforated pipes. The water distribution layer 3-5 is 300mm thick and is made of gravel with a particle size of 10-20mm. The protective transition layer 3-6 is located at the top, with a thickness of 200mm, and is filled with gravel with a particle size of 6-10mm. Surface runoff 7 enters the bioreactor bed 3 through infiltration to purify non-point source pollutants.

[0030] The landscape greenway 4 is embedded in the protective transition layer 3-6 of the bioreactor bed 3. The bottom is laid with anti-corrosion wooden joists 4-3 in a crisscross pattern and anchored with anchor bolts 4-2, ultimately forming a framework similar to train tracks. Plastic-coated wood panels or anti-corrosion wood panels 4-1 are laid on the surface of the framework, and these panels are also connected to the joists with anchor bolts 4-2. The gap between adjacent plastic-coated wood panels or anti-corrosion wood panels can be controlled at 0.2-0.3 cm, allowing surface runoff 8 to seep into the bioreactor bed 3 through these gaps.

[0031] Low-density ornamental fish can be raised in water body 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone is distributed in a strip-like manner on the revetment of the water body, either on one or both sides.

[0033] The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone of the present invention can enable microorganisms and protozoa to gather in the bioreactor bed, forming a biological micro-interface environment at the soil-water interface. It can also affect the transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, etc. through processes such as assimilation, adsorption, nitrification, denitrification, hydrolysis, and degradation, thereby reducing non-point source pollutants in surface runoff.

[0034] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above descriptions are merely preferred examples of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. All modifications and equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone, set at the bank of a water body and located at the bottom of a riverbank revetment, characterized in that, It includes three parts: ecological revetment, bioreactor bed, and landscape greenway; The ecological revetment is located on the water-facing side, the bioreactor bed is located between the ecological revetment and the riverbank protection, and the landscape greenway is located on the surface of the bioreactor bed. The bottom of the ecological revetment is a riprap bottom layer, and the water-facing side is constructed with horizontally and vertically intersecting round logs. The central cavity formed by the round logs is filled with graded crushed stone to achieve water permeability and reverse filtration. The first plant is inserted into the gaps formed by the round logs to realize the function of artificial fish nests. The gap between the ecological revetment and the biological reaction bed is filled with sandy loam soil, and a second plant is planted on the slope. The bioreactor bed is naturally connected to the riverbank protection and is constructed in layers using filter media of different particle sizes. From bottom to top, the layers are: a water collection layer, a bioreactor layer, a water distribution layer, and a protective transition layer. The water collection layer is constructed with large-diameter gravel, the bioreactor layer is constructed with a combination of filter media of various particle sizes, the water distribution layer is constructed with gravel with a particle size of 10-20 mm, and the protective transition layer is located at the top and is filled with gravel with a particle size of 6-10 mm. The landscape greenway is embedded in the protective transition layer of the bioreactor bed. The bottom is laid with anti-corrosion wooden joists in a crisscross pattern and anchored with anchor bolts to form a framework similar to train tracks. Plastic boards or anti-corrosion boards are laid on the surface of the framework and are also connected to the joists with anchor bolts.

2. The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent plastic wood panels of the landscape greenway are spaced 0.2-0.3cm apart, allowing surface runoff to seep into the bioreactor bed through these gaps.

3. The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the bioreactor layer is equipped with multiple rows of perforated water-permeable pipes to achieve secondary water distribution within the bioreactor layer, which improves the uniformity of water distribution while temporarily storing initial rainwater during heavy rainfall.

4. The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bioreactor bed also includes geotextile laid at the bottom of the riverbank slope surface and bottom surface to separate the original soil, thereby facilitating construction.

5. The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first plant is a living branch or twig of a willow or vine; the second plant is a willow cutting or a shrub rooted in the local area.

6. The water-microbial community-soil three-interface ecological interception zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bioreactor layer in the bioreactor bed is the thickest, with a depth of not less than 0.8m. The filter media are modified volcanic rock, ceramsite, and zeolite, with a particle size controlled between 8 and 15 mm.

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