A grassland ecological monitoring method and system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of remote monitoring, and discloses a grassland ecological monitoring method and system. The method includes: extracting key ecological indicators from ecological indicators; constructing a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scene, and collecting key ecological indicator data and grassland images of the grassland ecological scene; calculating the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scene, and using the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scene to train a meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model for the grassland ecological scene; using the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model to analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scene, and based on the ecological value, constructing an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scene. The present invention can improve the monitoring effect of grassland ecology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of remote monitoring, and particularly to a grassland ecological monitoring method and system. Background Art

[0002] Grassland ecological monitoring refers to systematically observing, measuring, and evaluating the grassland ecosystem to understand and master the health status, structure and function, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of the grassland ecosystem.

[0003] Currently, grassland ecological monitoring is mainly achieved by analyzing the collected grassland ecological data to analyze the anomalies of the grassland ecology. Since the meteorological environment of the grassland is prone to change, this method can only warn of current ecological anomalies and cannot effectively prevent ecological anomalies in special weather such as drought and heavy rain, resulting in insufficient timely detection and response of the grassland ecology in special weather. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a grassland ecological monitoring method and system, and its main purpose is to improve the monitoring effect of the grassland ecology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, a grassland ecological monitoring method provided by the present invention includes:

[0006] Obtain the ecological indicators of the grassland ecological scene, analyze the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scene, and based on the ecological weights, extract the key ecological indicators from the ecological indicators;

[0007] Based on the key ecological indicators, construct a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scene, and collect the key ecological indicator data and grassland images of the grassland ecological scene based on the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system;

[0008] Perform radiometric calibration on the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image, perform atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image, and perform geometric correction on the atmospherically corrected grassland image to obtain a geometrically corrected grassland image;

[0009] Determine the vegetation band of the geometrically corrected grassland image, calculate the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scene based on the vegetation band, and use the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scene to train the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model of the grassland ecological scene;

[0010] Based on the ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and the key ecological indicator data, analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scene using the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model, and construct an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scene based on the ecological value.

[0011] Further, analyzing the ecological weight of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario includes:

[0012] Obtaining the experimental data of the ecological indicators;

[0013] Based on the experimental data, analyzing the ecological performance of the grassland ecological scenario;

[0014] Constructing a pairwise comparison matrix of the ecological indicators and the ecological performance;

[0015] Based on the pairwise comparison matrix, analyzing the ecological weight of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario.

[0016] Further, based on the pairwise comparison matrix, analyzing the ecological weight of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario includes:

[0017] Calculating the maximum eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of the pairwise comparison matrix;

[0018] Based on the maximum eigenvalue, calculating the matrix consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix using the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] where θ represents the matrix consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix, C ma represents the maximum eigenvalue of the pairwise comparison matrix, and N represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix;

[0021] Based on the matrix consistency and the corresponding eigenvector, analyzing the ecological weight of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario.

[0022] Further, based on the matrix consistency and the corresponding eigenvector, analyzing the ecological weight of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario includes:

[0023] Based on the matrix consistency, calculating the consistency ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix corresponding to the ecological indicators;

[0024] When the consistency ratio meets the preset consistency standard, normalizing the corresponding eigenvector using the following formula to obtain the vector normalization value:

[0025]

[0026] where G Gyh represents the vector normalization value of the corresponding eigenvector, G r represents the r-th component of the eigenvector, and N represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix corresponding to the ecological indicators;

[0027] Based on the vector normalization value, determine the ecological weight of the ecological indicator for the grassland ecological scenario.

[0028] Further, based on the key ecological indicators, construct a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario, including:

[0029] Configure the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scenario based on the key ecological indicators;

[0030] Construct a three-dimensional coordinate system for the grassland ecological scenario;

[0031] Based on the three-dimensional coordinate system, configure the device coordinates of the data acquisition sensing devices;

[0032] Based on the device coordinates, calculate the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scenario;

[0033] When the grassland coverage rate meets the preset grassland coverage standard, construct a sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario;

[0034] Obtain the remote sensing platform interface for the grassland ecological scenario;

[0035] Based on the remote sensing platform interface, construct a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario.

[0036] Further, the calculation of the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scenario based on the device coordinates includes:

[0037] Based on the device coordinates, determine the scene boundary of the grassland ecological scenario;

[0038] Based on the scene boundary, calculate the ecological scene area of the grassland ecological scenario;

[0039] Determine the monitoring characteristics of the data acquisition sensing devices;

[0040] Based on the ecological scene area and the monitoring characteristics, calculate the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scenario.

[0041] Further, the calculation of the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scenario based on the ecological scene area and the monitoring characteristics includes:

[0042] Based on the monitoring characteristics, determine the maximum monitoring distance and monitoring angle of the data acquisition sensing devices;

[0043] Based on the maximum monitoring distance and the monitoring angle, calculate the monitoring area of the monitoring devices using the following formula:

[0044] ω v = (A v × L v × D) + (H v × L v × K)

[0045] where ω v represents the monitoring area of the v-th monitoring device, A v represents the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the horizontal direction, L v represents the maximum monitoring distance of the v-th monitoring device, D represents the maximum length of the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the horizontal direction in the grassland ecological scenario, H v represents the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the vertical direction, and K represents the maximum width of the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the horizontal direction in the grassland ecological scenario;

[0046] Based on the monitoring area and the ecological scenario area, calculate the grass coverage rate of the grassland ecological scenario by the data acquisition and sensing device.

[0047] Further, performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image includes:

[0048] Obtaining the atmospheric correction parameters of the calibrated grassland image;

[0049] Identifying the dark target area of the calibrated grassland image;

[0050] Calculating the surface reflectance of the dark target area based on the atmospheric correction parameters;

[0051] Performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image based on the surface reflectance to obtain the atmospherically corrected grassland image.

[0052] Further, calculating the surface reflectance of the dark target area based on the atmospheric correction parameters includes:

[0053] Identifying the spectral reflectance of the dark target area;

[0054] Based on the spectral reflectance and the atmospheric correction parameters, calculating the surface reflectance of the dark target area using the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] where B i represents the surface reflectance of the dark target area, B dark，i represents the spectral reflectance of the dark target area, P i represents the original surface reflectance of the dark target area, Pdark，i represents the original spectral reflectance of the dark target area represents the solar zenith angle corresponding to the atmospheric correction parameters

[0057] To solve the above problems, the present invention also provides a grassland ecological monitoring system, which includes:

[0058] An ecological index determination module, configured to obtain the ecological indexes of the grassland ecological scene, analyze the ecological weights of the ecological indexes for the grassland ecological scene, and based on the ecological weights, extract the key ecological indexes from the ecological indexes;

[0059] A grassland data acquisition module, configured to construct a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scene based on the key ecological indexes, and acquire the key ecological index data and grassland images of the grassland ecological scene based on the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system;

[0060] A grassland image processing module, configured to perform radiometric calibration on the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image, perform atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image, and perform geometric correction on the atmospherically corrected grassland image to obtain a geometrically corrected grassland image;

[0061] An ecological monitoring model construction module, configured to determine the vegetation band of the geometrically corrected grassland image, calculate the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scene based on the vegetation band, and use the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scene to train the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model of the grassland ecological scene;

[0062] An ecological detection report construction module, configured to analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scene by using the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model based on the ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and the key ecological index data, and construct an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scene based on the ecological value.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present invention, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario can be used as the basis for screening ecological indicators; based on the key ecological indicators, the embodiments of the present invention construct a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario, which can comprehensively collect the ecological data of the grassland ecological scenario, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent ecological analysis; by radiometrically calibrating the grassland image, the embodiments of the present invention obtain a calibrated grassland image, which can more accurately evaluate the true reflection characteristics of the grassland; further, by performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image, the embodiments of the present invention obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image, which can correct the radiation error caused by atmospheric scattering and absorption, thereby more accurately estimating the surface reflectance. The embodiments of the present invention calculate the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scenario based on the vegetation band to evaluate the vegetation coverage, growth status and health. Finally, based on the ecological characteristics, the vegetation index and the key ecological indicator data, the embodiments of the present invention use the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model to analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scenario, providing a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of the grassland ecological system. Based on the ecological value, the embodiments of the present invention construct an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scenario, which can realize the ecological detection of the grassland ecological scenario. Therefore, the grassland ecological monitoring method and system proposed by the present invention can improve the monitoring effect of the grassland ecology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of a grassland ecological monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 It is a functional module diagram of a grassland ecological monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] The realization, functional features and advantages of the object of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0067] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0068] An embodiment of the present application provides a grassland ecological monitoring method. The execution subject of the grassland ecological monitoring method includes, but is not limited to, at least one of electronic devices such as a server, a terminal, etc. that can be configured to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. In other words, the grassland ecological monitoring method can be executed by software or hardware installed on a terminal device or a server device, and the software can be a blockchain platform. The server includes, but is not limited to: a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server, or a cloud server cluster, etc. The server can be an independent server or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, Content Delivery Network (CDN), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms.

[0069] Referring to Figure 1 As shown, it is a schematic flowchart of the grassland ecological monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the grassland ecological monitoring method includes:

[0070] S1. Obtain the ecological indicators of the grassland ecological scenario, analyze the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario, and based on the ecological weights, extract the key ecological indicators from the ecological indicators.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present invention, the ecological indicators refer to the indicators reflecting the ecological environment of the grassland ecological scenario, and the ecological indicators include: indicators such as vegetation coverage, species diversity, soil humidity, soil fertility, grassland productivity, and climate factors.

[0072] Further, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario in the embodiment of the present invention can be used as a basis for screening ecological indicators. Among them, the ecological weight refers to the importance of the ecological indicators for the ecological impact of the grassland ecological scenario.

[0073] As an embodiment of the present invention, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario includes: obtaining the experimental data of the ecological indicators; based on the experimental data, analyzing the ecological performance of the grassland ecological scenario; constructing a pairwise comparison matrix of the ecological indicators and the ecological performance; and based on the pairwise comparison matrix, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario.

[0074] Among them, the experimental data refers to the data of relevant ecological indicators collected through methods such as ground surveys and laboratory analyses. The ecological performance refers to the ecological state and functional performance of the grassland ecological scenario. The pairwise comparison matrix refers to a matrix used to compare the influence degrees of different ecological indicators on the grassland ecological performance. Specifically, for each pair of ecological indicators, their influences on the grassland ecological performance are evaluated, and a relative importance score is given. This score is usually based on a ratio scale from 1 to 9, where 1 indicates that the two indicators are equally important, and 9 indicates that one indicator is much more important than the other. For example, if the vegetation index is considered more important than soil moisture, a relatively high score, such as 7 or 8, may be given. The results of all pairwise comparisons are put into a square matrix to form the pairwise comparison matrix, and the elements on the diagonal of the matrix are always 1.

[0075] Further, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario based on the pairwise comparison matrix includes: calculating the maximum eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of the pairwise comparison matrix; based on the maximum eigenvalue, calculating the matrix consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix using the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, θ represents the matrix consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix, C ma represents the maximum eigenvalue of the pairwise comparison matrix, and N represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix;

[0078] Analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario based on the matrix consistency and the corresponding eigenvector.

[0079] Among them, the maximum eigenvalue is a value of the matrix, which only changes the length of the vector but not its direction when multiplied by the matrix. The corresponding eigenvector is the vector associated with the maximum eigenvalue, which defines the direction of the matrix transformation. The matrix consistency refers to the degree of consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix.

[0080] Further, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario based on the matrix consistency and the corresponding eigenvector includes: calculating the consistency ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix corresponding to the ecological indicators based on the matrix consistency; when the consistency ratio meets the preset consistency standard, normalizing the corresponding eigenvector using the following formula to obtain the vector normalization value:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, G GyhDenote the vector normalization value corresponding to the eigenvector, G r Denote the r-th component of the eigenvector, and N denotes the order of the pairwise comparison matrix corresponding to the ecological index;

[0083] Based on the vector normalization value, determine the ecological weight of the ecological index for the grassland ecological scenario.

[0084] The consistency ratio refers to an index used to evaluate the consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

[0085] In the embodiments of the present invention, the key ecological index refers to the index among the ecological indexes that has an obvious impact on the grassland ecology. Specifically, the key ecological index can be realized by selecting the ecological index with a higher ecological weight.

[0086] S2. Based on the key ecological index, construct a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario, and collect the key ecological index data and grassland images of the grassland ecological scenario based on the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system.

[0087] In the embodiments of the present invention, constructing the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario based on the key ecological index can comprehensively collect the ecological data of the grassland ecological scenario, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent ecological analysis. Among them, the sensing data acquisition system refers to a system used to collect the key parameter data of the grassland ecosystem, and the remote sensing data acquisition system refers to a system used to collect the grassland ecological images of the grassland ecosystem.

[0088] As an embodiment of the present invention, constructing the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario based on the key ecological index includes: configuring the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scenario based on the key ecological index; constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system for the grassland ecological scenario; configuring the device coordinates of the data acquisition sensing devices based on the three-dimensional coordinate system; calculating the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scenario based on the device coordinates; when the grassland coverage rate meets the preset grassland coverage standard, constructing the sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario; obtaining the remote sensing platform interface for the grassland ecological scenario; and constructing the remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario based on the remote sensing platform interface.

[0089] Among them, the data acquisition sensing device refers to a sensor device used to collect ecological data of the grassland ecological scene, such as a spectral sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a meteorological sensor, etc. The three-dimensional coordinate system refers to a coordinate system used to locate the position information of the grassland ecological scene. The device coordinate refers to the coordinate position of the data acquisition sensing device. The grassland coverage rate refers to the detection coverage degree of the data acquisition sensing device for the grassland ecological scene. The remote sensing platform interface refers to an information acquisition interface of an aerial platform such as satellite remote sensing or an unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0090] Further, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, calculating the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing device for the grassland ecological scene based on the device coordinate includes: determining the scene boundary of the grassland ecological scene based on the device coordinate; calculating the ecological scene area of the grassland ecological scene based on the scene boundary; determining the monitoring characteristics of the data acquisition sensing device; and calculating the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing device for the grassland ecological scene based on the ecological scene area and the monitoring characteristics.

[0091] Among them, the scene boundary refers to the boundary defining the range of the grassland ecological scene. The ecological scene area refers to the floor area of the grassland ecological scene. The monitoring characteristics refer to the monitoring characteristic attributes of the data acquisition sensing device, such as monitoring range, detection angle and other characteristics.

[0092] Further, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, calculating the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing device for the grassland ecological scene based on the ecological scene area and the monitoring characteristics includes: determining the maximum monitoring distance and monitoring angle of the data acquisition sensing device based on the monitoring characteristics; and calculating the monitoring area of the monitoring device using the following formula based on the maximum monitoring distance and the monitoring angle:

[0093] ω v =(A v ×L v ×D)+(H v ×L v ×K)

[0094] Among them, ω v represents the monitoring area of the v-th monitoring device, A v represents the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the horizontal direction, L v represents the maximum monitoring distance of the v-th monitoring device, D represents the maximum length of the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the horizontal direction in the grassland ecological scene, H v represents the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the vertical direction, and K represents the maximum width of the monitoring angle of the v-th monitoring device in the horizontal direction in the grassland ecological scene;

[0095] Based on the monitored area and the ecological scene area, calculate the grass coverage rate of the grassland ecological scene by the data acquisition and sensing device.

[0096] In the embodiments of the present invention, the key ecological index data refers to the ecological data of the grassland ecological scene, such as vegetation index, soil humidity, temperature, light and other data. The grassland image refers to the image of the grassland in the grassland ecological scene.

[0097] S3. Radiometrically calibrate the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image, perform atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image, and perform geometric correction on the atmospherically corrected grassland image to obtain a geometrically corrected grassland image.

[0098] In the embodiments of the present invention, radiometrically calibrating the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image can more accurately evaluate the true reflection characteristics of the grassland. Among them, the calibrated grassland image refers to the image after converting the digital numerical value of the grassland image into the surface reflectance.

[0099] As an embodiment of the present invention, the radiometric calibration of the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image includes: obtaining the radiometric calibration coefficient of the grassland image; constructing a radiometric calibration equation based on the radiometric calibration coefficient; and radiometrically calibrating the grassland image based on the radiometric calibration equation to obtain the calibrated grassland image.

[0100] Among them, the radiometric calibration coefficient refers to a set of pre-calculated values used to convert the digital numerical value (DN value) collected by a remote sensing sensor into the surface reflectance or surface radiance, and the radiometric calibration equation refers to a mathematical formula used to convert the digital numerical value (DN value) of a remote sensing image into the surface reflectance or surface radiance.

[0101] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image can correct the radiation error caused by atmospheric scattering and absorption, so as to more accurately estimate the surface reflectance. Among them, the atmospherically corrected grassland image refers to the image obtained by correcting the radiation error of the calibrated grassland image.

[0102] As an embodiment of the present invention, the atmospheric correction of the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image includes: obtaining the atmospheric correction parameters of the calibrated grassland image; identifying the dark target area of the calibrated grassland image; calculating the surface reflectance of the dark target area based on the atmospheric correction parameters; and performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image based on the surface reflectance to obtain the atmospherically corrected grassland image.

[0103] Among them, the atmospheric correction parameters refer to the parameters for accurately correcting remote sensing images to remove the influence of the atmosphere on the ground reflection signal. For example, parameters such as water vapor content and solar zenith angle. The dark target area refers to the area with a low reflectivity in the remote sensing image, and the surface reflectivity refers to the reflection ability of the surface to solar radiation.

[0104] Further, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, calculating the surface reflectivity of the dark target area based on the atmospheric correction parameters includes: identifying the spectral reflectivity of the dark target area; and calculating the surface reflectivity of the dark target area based on the spectral reflectivity and the atmospheric correction parameters by using the following formula:

[0105]

[0106] where B i represents the surface reflectivity of the dark target area, B dark，i represents the spectral reflectivity of the dark target area, P i represents the original surface reflectivity of the dark target area, P dark，i represents the original spectral reflectivity of the dark target area, represents the atmospheric correction parameter corresponding to the solar zenith angle.

[0107] Among them, the spectral reflectivity refers to the reflection ability of the surface to solar radiation within a specific wavelength range, and the solar zenith angle refers to the angle between the solar rays and the vertical direction of the observer's location.

[0108] In an embodiment of the present invention, the geographically corrected grassland image refers to the image obtained by converting the pixel coordinates of the atmospherically corrected grassland image into actual geographical coordinates. Specifically, the geographically corrected grassland image can be corrected by polynomial transformation, bilinear interpolation, Gauss-Kruger projection, etc.

[0109] S4. Determine the vegetation band of the geographically corrected grassland image, calculate the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scene based on the vegetation band, and train the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model of the grassland ecological scene by using the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scene.

[0110] In an embodiment of the present invention, the vegetation band refers to a specific band in the remote sensing image used to identify and quantify vegetation characteristics. The selection of the vegetation band depends on the remote sensing sensor used and the calculation method of the vegetation index. For example, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) usually uses the red and near-infrared bands, while the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) may use more bands for calculation.

[0111] Further, embodiments of the present invention calculate a vegetation index of the grassland ecological scenario based on the vegetation band to evaluate vegetation coverage, growth status, and health. Among them, the vegetation index includes: normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, and soil-adjusted vegetation index. Specifically, the vegetation index is usually calculated using remote sensing image processing software such as ENVI, ERDAS Imagine, PCI Geomatica, etc.

[0112] Further, embodiments of the present invention can train a meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model for the grassland ecological scenario to train a model that can accurately predict the grassland ecology by using the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scenario. Among them, the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model refers to a model for ecological prediction of the grassland ecological scenario.

[0113] Specifically, the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model can divide the training set and test set of the historical meteorological data and the historical ecological data, use the training set to train the convolutional neural network model of the grassland ecology, use the test set to evaluate the performance, and obtain a trained meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model when the model performance meets the requirements.

[0114] S5. Based on the ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and the key ecological index data, use the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model to analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scenario, and construct an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scenario based on the ecological value.

[0115] Embodiments of the present invention analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scenario based on the ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and the key ecological index data, and use the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model to provide a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of the grassland ecosystem. Specifically, apply the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model to the new ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and the key ecological index data to predict the ecological value of the grassland ecological scenario. Among them, the ecological value includes: vegetation coverage, biomass, species diversity, etc.

[0116] Finally, embodiments of the present invention can realize the ecological detection of the grassland ecological scenario by constructing an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scenario based on the ecological value. Among them, the ecological detection report includes: ecological characteristic description, key ecological index analysis, ecological value prediction, conclusions and suggestions, etc.

[0117] In the embodiment of the present invention, analyzing the ecological weight of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario can be used as a basis for screening ecological indicators; based on the key ecological indicators, the embodiment of the present invention constructs a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario, which can comprehensively collect the ecological data of the grassland ecological scenario, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent ecological analysis; by radiometrically calibrating the grassland image, the embodiment of the present invention obtains a calibrated grassland image, which can more accurately evaluate the true reflection characteristics of the grassland; further, by performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image, the embodiment of the present invention obtains an atmospherically corrected grassland image, which can correct the radiation error caused by atmospheric scattering and absorption, thereby more accurately estimating the surface reflectance. Based on the vegetation band, the embodiment of the present invention calculates the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scenario to evaluate the vegetation cover, growth status and health degree. Finally, based on the ecological characteristics, the vegetation index and the key ecological indicator data, the embodiment of the present invention uses the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model to analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scenario, providing a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of the grassland ecological system. Based on the ecological value, the embodiment of the present invention constructs an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scenario, which can realize the ecological detection of the grassland ecological scenario. Therefore, the grassland ecological monitoring method proposed by the present invention can improve the monitoring effect of the grassland ecology.

[0118] As Figure 2 shown, it is a functional module diagram of a grassland ecological monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0119] The grassland ecological monitoring system 200 of the present invention can be installed in an electronic device. According to the functions achieved, the grassland ecological monitoring system 200 can include an ecological indicator determination module 201, a grassland data acquisition module 202, a grassland image processing module 203, an ecological monitoring model construction module 204, and an ecological detection report construction module 205. The modules of the present invention can also be referred to as units, which refer to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by a processor of an electronic device and can complete fixed functions, and are stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0120] In this embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0121] The ecological indicator determination module 201 is used to obtain the ecological indicators of the grassland ecological scenario, analyze the ecological weight of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario, and extract the key ecological indicators from the ecological indicators based on the ecological weight;

[0122] The grassland data acquisition module 202 is used to construct a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scenario based on the key ecological indicators, and collect the key ecological indicator data and grassland images of the grassland ecological scenario based on the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system;

[0123] The grassland image processing module 203 is used to perform radiometric calibration on the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image, perform atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image, and perform geometric correction on the atmospherically corrected grassland image to obtain a geometrically corrected grassland image;

[0124] The ecological monitoring model construction module 204 is used to determine the vegetation band of the geometrically corrected grassland image, calculate the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scenario based on the vegetation band, and train the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model of the grassland ecological scenario by using the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scenario;

[0125] The ecological detection report construction module 205 is used to analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scenario by using the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model based on the ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and the key ecological indicator data, and construct an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scenario based on the ecological value.

[0126] Specifically, each module in the grassland ecological monitoring system 200 in the embodiment of the present invention uses the same technical means as the grassland ecological monitoring method described in the accompanying drawings when in use, and can produce the same technical effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0127] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device for implementing the grassland ecological monitoring method.

Claims

1. A grassland ecological monitoring method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtaining ecological indicators of the grassland ecological scene, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scene, and based on the ecological weights, extracting key ecological indicators from the ecological indicators; Based on the key ecological indicators, constructing a sensing data acquisition system and a remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scene, and collecting key ecological indicator data and grassland images of the grassland ecological scene based on the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system; Performing radiometric calibration on the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image, performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image, and performing geometric correction on the atmospherically corrected grassland image to obtain a geometrically corrected grassland image; Determining the vegetation band of the geometrically corrected grassland image, calculating the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scene based on the vegetation band, and training a meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model for the grassland ecological scene using the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scene; Analyzing the ecological value of the grassland ecological scene using the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model based on ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and key ecological indicator data, and constructing an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scene based on the ecological value; The constructing the sensing data acquisition system and the remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scene based on the key ecological indicators includes: Configuring data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scene based on the key ecological indicators; Constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system for the grassland ecological scene; Configuring the device coordinates of the data acquisition sensing devices based on the three-dimensional coordinate system; Calculating the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scene based on the device coordinates; When the grassland coverage rate meets the preset grassland coverage standard, constructing the sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scene; Obtaining the remote sensing platform interface of the grassland ecological scene; Constructing the remote sensing data acquisition system for the grassland ecological scene based on the remote sensing platform interface; The calculating the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scene based on the device coordinates includes: Determining the scene boundary of the grassland ecological scene based on the device coordinates; Calculating the ecological scene area of the grassland ecological scene based on the scene boundary; Determining the monitoring characteristics of the data acquisition sensing devices; Calculating the grassland coverage rate of the data acquisition sensing devices for the grassland ecological scene based on the ecological scene area and the monitoring characteristics; The performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image includes: Obtaining the atmospheric correction parameters of the calibrated grassland image; Identifying the dark target area of the calibrated grassland image; Calculating the surface reflectance of the dark target area based on the atmospheric correction parameters; Performing atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image based on the surface reflectance to obtain the atmospherically corrected grassland image; The calculating the surface reflectance of the dark target area based on the atmospheric correction parameters includes: Identifying the spectral reflectance of the dark target area; Based on the spectral reflectance and the atmospheric correction parameters, the surface reflectance of the dark target area is calculated using the following formula: ； Among them, represents the surface reflectance of the dark target area, represents the spectral reflectance of the dark target area, represents the original surface reflectance of the dark target area, represents the original spectral reflectance of the dark target area, represents the solar zenith angle corresponding to the atmospheric correction parameter.

2. The grassland ecological monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analysis of the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario includes: Obtaining experimental data of the ecological indicators; Based on the experimental data, analyzing the ecological performance of the grassland ecological scenario; Constructing a pairwise comparison matrix of the ecological indicators and the ecological performance; Based on the pairwise comparison matrix, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario.

3. The grassland ecological monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The analysis of the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario based on the pairwise comparison matrix includes: Calculating the maximum eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of the pairwise comparison matrix; Based on the maximum eigenvalue, calculating the matrix consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix using the following formula: ； Among them, represents the matrix consistency of the pairwise comparison matrix, represents the maximum eigenvalue of the pairwise comparison matrix, represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix; Based on the matrix consistency and the corresponding eigenvector, analyzing the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario.

4. The grassland ecological monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The analysis of the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario based on the matrix consistency and the corresponding eigenvector includes: Based on the matrix consistency, calculating the consistency ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix corresponding to the ecological indicators; When the consistency ratio meets the preset consistency standard, normalizing the corresponding eigenvector using the following formula to obtain a vector normalization value: ； Among them, represents the vector normalization value of the corresponding eigenvector, represents the th component of the eigenvector, represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix corresponding to the ecological index; Based on the vector normalization value, determining the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario.

5. A grassland ecological monitoring system, characterized in that, For implementing the grassland ecological monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-4, the system includes: An ecological indicator determination module, configured to obtain the ecological indicators of the grassland ecological scenario, analyze the ecological weights of the ecological indicators for the grassland ecological scenario, and extract the key ecological indicators from the ecological indicators based on the ecological weights; A grassland data collection module, configured to construct a sensing data collection system and a remote sensing data collection system for the grassland ecological scenario based on the key ecological indicators, and collect the key ecological indicator data and grassland images of the grassland ecological scenario based on the sensing data collection system and the remote sensing data collection system; A grassland image processing module, configured to perform radiometric calibration on the grassland image to obtain a calibrated grassland image, perform atmospheric correction on the calibrated grassland image to obtain an atmospherically corrected grassland image, and perform geometric correction on the atmospherically corrected grassland image to obtain a geometrically corrected grassland image; An ecological monitoring model construction module, configured to determine the vegetation bands of the geometrically corrected grassland image, calculate the vegetation index of the grassland ecological scenario based on the vegetation bands, and train a meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model for the grassland ecological scenario using the preset historical meteorological data and historical ecological data of the grassland ecological scenario; An ecological detection report construction module, configured to analyze the ecological value of the grassland ecological scenario using the meteorological grassland ecological monitoring model based on ecological characteristics, the vegetation index, and the key ecological indicator data, and construct an ecological detection report for the grassland ecological scenario based on the ecological value.

Images