Calculation method, device and storage medium for greenhouse gas emissions from lakes

Abstract

The present invention provides a method, device and storage medium for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, and relates to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction measurement. The calculation method includes: constructing multiple area intervals for each type of lake, constructing a first functional relationship and a second functional relationship for each type of lake, calculating the total area of ​​all second lakes of the corresponding type, determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas of the first lake and the number of non-freezing days of the first lake in a preset time period, calculating the emissions of each greenhouse gas of the first lake and the second lake of each type in the preset time period, and determining the emissions of greenhouse gases emitted by global lakes in the preset time period. The present invention infers the total area of ​​all second lakes of the type based on the number and area of ​​multiple first lakes, so that when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes, the lakes involved are more comprehensive, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction measurement, and in particular to a method, device and storage medium for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from a lake. Background Art

[0002] Accurate accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes is the basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction. In recent years, the accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes has been a key research object in the field of carbon and nitrogen cycles. Although this work has made great progress, the uneven distribution of data in different landform types makes the accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes have great uncertainty.

[0003] Studies have shown that small lakes make an important contribution to global lake greenhouse gas emissions. However, since the lake area in the lake database is mainly obtained through remote sensing, the area of ​​small lakes that cannot be identified by remote sensing is still uncertain, making it impossible to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from small lakes. This also poses a challenge to the global lake greenhouse gas accounting work.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of calculating greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes, how to propose a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve or improve the technical problem in the prior art that, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes, the area of ​​small lakes cannot be directly obtained from the lake database, resulting in the inability to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions from small lakes, thus affecting the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes.

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes.

[0007] The second object of the present invention is to provide a device for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions.

[0008] A third object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device.

[0009] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a storage medium.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes, and the calculation method includes the following steps: confirming the type of lake and constructing multiple area intervals for each type of lake; confirming all the first lakes in the lake database, as well as the area, lake type and area interval of each first lake; determining the first average area and the number of first lakes in each area interval of each type of lake based on the area of ​​each first lake; constructing a first functional relationship of the corresponding type of lakes based on the relationship between each area interval and the first average area corresponding to it; constructing a second functional relationship of the corresponding type of lakes based on the relationship between each area interval and the number of first lakes corresponding to it; determining one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs; calculating all the corresponding types of lakes based on one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, as well as one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type. the total area of ​​the second lakes; determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake and the number of non-freezing days of each first lake within a preset time period; calculating the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake within the preset time period according to the area of ​​each first lake, the number of non-freezing days of the corresponding first lake within the preset time period and the flux value of each greenhouse gas of the corresponding first lake; calculating the emission of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of the corresponding type within the preset time period according to the total area of ​​all second lakes of each type of lake, the average value of the flux value of each greenhouse gas of all first lakes of the corresponding type and the average value of the number of non-freezing days of all first lakes of the corresponding type within the preset time period; adding the sum of the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake within the preset time period to the sum of the emission of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of each type within the preset time period to determine the emission of greenhouse gases of all lakes within the preset time period; wherein the area of ​​the first lake is greater than or equal to the preset area threshold, and the area of ​​the second lake is less than the preset area threshold.

[0011] According to the method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes provided by the present invention, all lakes in the world are classified, and multiple area intervals are constructed for each type of lake, each area interval is a half-open interval, such as a left half-open interval or a right half-open interval, and the corresponding boundary points of two adjacent area intervals are in geometric proportion, such as (0.1, 1], (1, 10] and (10, 100], etc. A first lake with a relatively large area is obtained from the lake database. Since the second lake with a relatively small area is not recorded in the lake database, its parameter information cannot be directly obtained through the lake database, and thus the greenhouse gas emissions of the small lake cannot be directly calculated. Therefore, in the present application, based on the areas of multiple first lakes of the same type, the total area of ​​all second lakes with relatively small areas of the same type is inferred. In this way, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world, the lakes involved are more comprehensive, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes.

[0012] Furthermore, since the flux values ​​of greenhouse gases of all second lakes of each type and the number of non-freezing days within a preset time period cannot be directly obtained, the present application adopts the average value of the flux values ​​of each greenhouse gas of all first lakes of this type and the average value of the number of non-freezing days of all first lakes within the preset time period as the flux value of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of this type and the number of non-freezing days within the preset time period, so as to determine the total emissions of all second lakes of this type.

[0013] At the same time, since each lake produces a variety of different greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, etc., when calculating all greenhouse gas emissions of each lake, it is necessary to calculate the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each type of lake within a preset time period. The preset time period can be set by the user according to actual needs, or it can be a fixed value in the system. In addition, since the lake cannot discharge greenhouse gases from the water body during the freezing period, it is necessary to confirm the number of non-freezing days of the lake within the preset time period to determine the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period are added together to determine the total emissions of each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the total emissions of all first lakes under each type and the total emissions of all second lakes under the type are added together to determine the total greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes. Since each greenhouse gas emission of each lake under each type is calculated separately in this application, the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of lakes can be effectively improved.

[0014] In addition, the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions provided by the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0015] In some technical schemes, optionally, the step of calculating the total area of ​​all second lakes of the corresponding type according to one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, and one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type, includes calculating the second average area of ​​the second lakes in each corresponding area interval according to the one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type; calculating the number of second lakes in each corresponding area interval according to the one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type; determining the total area of ​​all second lakes in the corresponding area interval according to the second average area and the number of second lakes in each area interval in the one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs; and calculating the total area of ​​all second lakes of the corresponding type by adding the total areas of all second lakes in the one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs.

[0016] In this technical solution, there are multiple first lakes and multiple second lakes in each type of lake, that is, large-area lakes (first lakes) and small-area lakes (second lakes) under this type. In constructing multiple area intervals for each type of lake, multiple area intervals include area intervals to which multiple first lakes belong and one or more area intervals to which multiple second lakes belong. When determining the total area of ​​all second lakes under each type, a first functional relationship of lakes of this type is constructed based on the area intervals to which multiple first lakes in each type of lake belong and the average area of ​​all first lakes in the area interval to which each first lake belongs, thereby determining the second average area of ​​all second lakes under this area interval based on the first functional relationship and the area interval to which the second lakes belong. At the same time, a second functional relationship of lakes of this type is constructed based on the number of first lakes of multiple first lakes in each type of lake and the number of first lakes in the area interval to which each first lake belongs, and the number of second lakes under this area interval is determined based on the second functional relationship and the area interval to which the second lakes belong. Thus, the total area of ​​the second lakes under this area interval and the total area of ​​all second lakes under this type are calculated. In this way, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world, not only the greenhouse gas emissions of large lakes are taken into account, but also the greenhouse gas emissions of small lakes that are not recorded in the lake database. This makes the lakes involved in the calculation of global greenhouse gas emissions more comprehensive and effectively improves the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world.

[0017] In some technical schemes, optionally, the step of determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas in each first lake includes: determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas in each first lake from a reference information table of median values ​​of greenhouse gas fluxes based on the area of ​​each first lake and the type of lake to which it belongs.

[0018] In this technical solution, by directly confirming the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake in a pre-constructed median value reference information table of greenhouse gas flux, the process of obtaining the flux value of each greenhouse gas is made more convenient, thereby improving the efficiency of calculating greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes.

[0019] In some technical schemes, optionally, before the step of determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas for each first lake, it also includes: constructing a median reference information table of greenhouse gas fluxes, including determining whether there is a linear relationship between the emission flux of each greenhouse gas and the area of ​​each type of lake; setting a median greenhouse gas flux for the area interval of each first lake in each type of lake where a linear relationship exists; setting a median greenhouse gas flux for each type of lake where no linear relationship exists; wherein greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

[0020] In this technical solution, there may be a certain linear relationship between different greenhouse gases and the area size of different types of lakes. For example, the emission flux of some greenhouse gases decreases or increases with the increase of the area of ​​natural lakes. For such greenhouse gases, it is necessary to determine the lake type with a linear relationship with its emission flux, and set a median value of greenhouse gas flux for the area interval to which each first lake in this type of lake belongs. The median value of greenhouse gas flux set for the area interval to which each first lake belongs is the average value of the greenhouse gas flux values ​​of all first lakes in the area interval. However, there is no linear relationship between the emission flux of some greenhouse gases and the area size of different types of lakes, that is, the emission flux of greenhouse gases does not change significantly with the area change of this type of lake. For such greenhouse gases, it is necessary to determine the lake type with no linear relationship with its emission flux, and set a unified median value of greenhouse gas flux for all first lakes in this type of lake, and this unified median value of greenhouse gas flux is the average value of the greenhouse gas flux values ​​of all first lakes under this type. Therefore, according to the area of ​​each first lake and the type of lake it belongs to, the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake can be determined directly from the median value reference information table of greenhouse gas flux. This application analyzes the influencing factors of greenhouse gas emissions of various types of lakes, so that when calculating the emissions of a certain greenhouse gas in a certain type of lake, a more accurate greenhouse gas flux value can be used, thereby improving the accuracy of greenhouse gas emission accounting.

[0021] In some technical solutions, optionally, the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions also includes: obtaining the spatial positions corresponding to all first lakes; and displaying the spatial positions corresponding to all first lakes through a display interface.

[0022] In this technical solution, by obtaining the spatial position corresponding to the first lake from the lake database, the spatial position of each first lake can be confirmed when the greenhouse gas emissions of each first lake are subsequently calculated, and the spatial positions of all first lakes are displayed on the display interface, so as to intuitively determine the global spatial distribution of greenhouse gas emissions of each first lake and different types of lakes, so as to carry out regional targeted emission reduction work.

[0023] In some technical solutions, optionally, the preset area threshold is 0.1km 2 .

[0024] In this technical solution, since the lake database only records lakes with an area greater than or equal to 0.1km 2 The first lake data, and for lakes with an area less than 0.1km 2 The second lake data needs to be extrapolated based on the first lake data, so that when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world, not only the greenhouse gas emissions of large lakes are taken into account, but also the greenhouse gas emissions of small lakes that are not recorded in the lake database, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of greenhouse gas emissions calculations for all lakes in the world.

[0025] In some technical schemes, optionally, the lake types include natural frozen soil lakes, natural non-frozen soil lakes, human-influenced urban lakes and human-influenced non-urban lakes, and the method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions from lakes also includes: calculating the difference between the emissions of all greenhouse gases in human-influenced urban lakes and the emissions of all greenhouse gases in natural non-frozen soil lakes of the same area, and determining the difference as the emission reduction potential value of human-influenced urban lakes; or calculating the difference between the emissions of all greenhouse gases in human-influenced non-urban lakes and the emissions of all greenhouse gases in natural non-frozen soil lakes of the same area, and determining the difference as the emission reduction potential value of human-influenced non-urban lakes.

[0026] In this technical solution, by analyzing the size of greenhouse gas emissions from four types of lakes around the world, theoretically, when human-impacted lakes (human-impacted urban lakes and human-impacted non-urban lakes) are managed sustainably, the greenhouse gas emission flux can be reduced to a level equivalent to that of natural non-frozen lakes. The greenhouse gas emissions from human-impacted lakes are consistent with those from natural non-frozen lakes, that is, the impact of human factors on lake greenhouse gas emissions is excluded. At this time, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from human-impacted lakes (human-impacted urban lakes and human-impacted non-urban lakes) is the maximum reduction potential for global lake greenhouse gas emissions achieved through sustainable management.

[0027] The second aspect of the present invention provides a device for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, including: a confirmation unit for confirming the type of lake and constructing multiple area intervals for each type of lake; the confirmation unit is also used to confirm all first lakes in the lake database, as well as the area, lake type and area interval of each first lake; the confirmation unit is also used to determine the first average area and the number of first lakes in each area interval of each type of lake based on the area of ​​each first lake; a construction unit is used to construct a first functional relationship of the corresponding type of lake based on the relationship between each area interval and the first average area corresponding to it; the construction unit is also used to construct a second functional relationship of the corresponding type of lake based on the relationship between each area interval and the number of first lakes corresponding to it; the confirmation unit is also used to determine one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs; a calculation unit is used to calculate all corresponding types of lakes based on one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, as well as one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type. the total area of ​​the second lakes; the confirmation unit is also used to determine the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake and the number of non-freezing days of each first lake within a preset time period; the calculation unit is also used to calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake within the preset time period according to the area of ​​each first lake, the number of non-freezing days of the corresponding first lake within the preset time period and the flux value of each greenhouse gas of the corresponding first lake; the calculation unit is also used to calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of the corresponding type within the preset time period according to the total area of ​​all second lakes of each type of lake, the average value of the flux value of each greenhouse gas of all first lakes of the corresponding type and the average value of the number of non-freezing days of all first lakes of the corresponding type within the preset time period; the calculation unit is also used to add the sum of the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake within the preset time period to the sum of the emission of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of each type within the preset time period to determine the emission of greenhouse gases of all lakes within the preset time period; wherein the area of ​​the first lake is greater than or equal to the preset area threshold, and the area of ​​the second lake is less than the preset area threshold.

[0028] According to the device for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes provided by the present invention, all lakes in the world are classified, and multiple area intervals are constructed for each type of lake, each area interval is a half-open interval, such as a left half-open interval or a right half-open interval, and the corresponding boundary points of two adjacent area intervals are in geometric proportion, such as (0.1, 1], (1, 10] and (10, 100], etc. A first lake with a relatively large area is obtained from the lake database. Since the second lake with a relatively small area is not recorded in the lake database, its parameter information cannot be directly obtained through the lake database, and thus the greenhouse gas emissions of the small lake cannot be directly calculated. Therefore, in the present application, based on the areas of multiple first lakes of the same type, the total area of ​​all second lakes with relatively small areas of the same type is inferred. In this way, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world, the lakes involved are more comprehensive, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes.

[0029] Furthermore, since the flux values ​​of greenhouse gases of all second lakes of each type and the number of non-freezing days within a preset time period cannot be directly obtained, the present application adopts the average value of the flux values ​​of each greenhouse gas of all first lakes of this type and the average value of the number of non-freezing days of all first lakes within the preset time period as the flux value of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of this type and the number of non-freezing days within the preset time period, so as to determine the total emissions of all second lakes of this type.

[0030] At the same time, since each lake produces a variety of different greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, etc., when calculating all greenhouse gas emissions of each lake, it is necessary to calculate the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each type of lake within a preset time period. The preset time period can be set by the user according to actual needs, or it can be a fixed value in the system. In addition, since the lake cannot discharge greenhouse gases from the water body during the freezing period, it is necessary to confirm the number of non-freezing days of the lake within the preset time period to determine the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period are added together to determine the total emissions of each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the total emissions of all first lakes under each type and the total emissions of all second lakes under the type are added together to determine the total greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes. Since each greenhouse gas emission of each lake under each type is calculated separately in this application, the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of lakes can be effectively improved.

[0031] The technical solution of the third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a memory, storing programs and / or instructions; a processor, executing programs and / or instructions; wherein, when the processor executes the programs and / or instructions, it implements the steps of the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions as in any technical solution of the first aspect.

[0032] According to the electronic device provided by the present invention, since it can implement the steps of the method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes in any technical solution of the first aspect, the electronic device also has all the beneficial effects of the method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes in any technical solution of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0033] The technical solution of the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a storage medium on which programs and / or instructions are stored. When the programs and / or instructions are executed, the steps of the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions as in any technical solution of the first aspect are implemented.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following description or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0036] Figure 1 One of the flow charts of the method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 2 A second flow chart of a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 3 A third flow chart of a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the variation of the number of lakes with the size of the lakes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the average size according to the lake size provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the percentage of lake area changing with lake size provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7A schematic diagram showing the variation of carbon dioxide flux with lake area provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the variation of methane diffusion flux with lake area provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0044] Fig. 9 A block diagram of a device for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0045] Fig.10 A block diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to more clearly understand the above aspects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0047] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the embodiments according to the present invention. However, the embodiments according to the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments according to the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S102: Confirm the lake type and construct multiple area intervals for each type of lake.

[0050] S104: Confirm all first lakes in the lake database, as well as the area, lake type and area range of each first lake.

[0051] S106: Determine, according to the area of ​​each first lake, the first average area of ​​all first lakes and the number of first lakes in each area interval of each type of lake.

[0052] S108: Construct a first functional relationship of the corresponding type of lake according to the relationship between each area interval and its corresponding first average area.

[0053] S110: Construct a second functional relationship of the corresponding type of lakes based on the relationship between each area interval and the number of the first lakes corresponding thereto.

[0054] S112: Determine one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs.

[0055] S114: Calculate the total area of ​​all second lakes of the corresponding type based on one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, and one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type.

[0056] S116: Determine the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake and the number of non-freezing days of each first lake within a preset time period.

[0057] S118: Calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake within the preset time period based on the area of ​​each first lake, the number of non-freezing days of the corresponding first lake within the preset time period, and the flux value of each greenhouse gas of the corresponding first lake.

[0058] S120: Calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of each type within a preset time period based on the total area of ​​all second lakes of each type of lake, the average flux value of each greenhouse gas of all first lakes of the corresponding type, and the average number of non-freezing days of all first lakes of the corresponding type within a preset time period.

[0059] S122: Determine the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the preset time period by adding the sum of the emissions of each greenhouse gas of each first lake in the preset time period to the sum of the emissions of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of each type in the preset time period; wherein the area of ​​the first lake is greater than or equal to the preset area threshold, and the area of ​​the second lake is less than the preset area threshold.

[0060] According to the method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes provided by the present invention, all lakes in the world are classified, and multiple area intervals are constructed for each type of lake, each area interval is a half-open interval, such as a left half-open interval or a right half-open interval, and the corresponding boundary points of two adjacent area intervals are in geometric proportion, such as (0.1, 1], (1, 10] and (10, 100], etc. A first lake with a relatively large area is obtained from the lake database. Since the second lake with a relatively small area is not recorded in the lake database, its parameter information cannot be directly obtained through the lake database, and thus the greenhouse gas emissions of the small lake cannot be directly calculated. Therefore, in the present application, based on the areas of multiple first lakes of the same type, the total area of ​​all second lakes with relatively small areas of the same type is inferred. In this way, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world, the lakes involved are more comprehensive, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes.

[0061] Furthermore, since the flux values ​​of greenhouse gases of all second lakes of each type and the number of non-freezing days within a preset time period cannot be directly obtained, the present application adopts the average value of the flux values ​​of each greenhouse gas of all first lakes of this type and the average value of the number of non-freezing days of all first lakes within the preset time period as the flux value of each greenhouse gas of all second lakes of this type and the number of non-freezing days within the preset time period, so as to determine the total emissions of all second lakes of this type.

[0062] At the same time, since each lake produces a variety of different greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, etc., when calculating all greenhouse gas emissions of each lake, it is necessary to calculate the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each type of lake within a preset time period. The preset time period can be set by the user according to actual needs, or it can be a fixed value in the system. In addition, since the lake cannot discharge greenhouse gases from the water body during the freezing period, it is necessary to confirm the number of non-freezing days of the lake within the preset time period to determine the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period are added together to determine the total emissions of each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the total emissions of all first lakes under each type and the total emissions of all second lakes under the type are added together to determine the total greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes. Since each greenhouse gas emission of each lake under each type is calculated separately in this application, the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of lakes can be effectively improved.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, step S114, the step of calculating the total area of ​​all second lakes of the corresponding type according to one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, and one or more area intervals of each type of second lake and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type, includes:

[0064] S202: Calculate the second average area of ​​the second lakes in each corresponding area interval according to one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type.

[0065] S204: Calculate the number of second lakes in each corresponding area interval according to one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type.

[0066] S206: Determine the total area of ​​all second lakes in the corresponding area interval according to the second average area and the number of second lakes in each area interval in one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs.

[0067] S208: Add up the total areas of all second lakes in one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs, and calculate the total area of ​​all second lakes of the corresponding type.

[0068] In this embodiment, there are multiple first lakes and multiple second lakes in each type of lake, that is, large-area lakes (first lakes) and small-area lakes (second lakes) under this type. In constructing multiple area intervals for each type of lake, multiple area intervals include area intervals to which multiple first lakes belong and one or more area intervals to which multiple second lakes belong. When determining the total area of ​​all second lakes under each type, a first functional relationship of lakes of this type is constructed according to the area intervals to which multiple first lakes in each type of lake belong and the average area of ​​all first lakes in the area interval to which each first lake belongs, so that the second average area of ​​all second lakes under this area interval is determined according to the first functional relationship and the area interval to which the second lakes belong. At the same time, a second functional relationship of lakes of this type is constructed according to the number of first lakes of multiple first lakes in each type of lake and the number of first lakes in the area interval to which each first lake belongs, and the number of second lakes under this area interval is determined according to the second functional relationship and the area interval to which the second lakes belong. Thus, the total area of ​​the second lakes under this area interval and the total area of ​​all second lakes under this type are calculated. In this way, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world, not only the greenhouse gas emissions of large lakes are taken into account, but also the greenhouse gas emissions of small lakes that are not recorded in the lake database. This makes the lakes involved in the calculation of global greenhouse gas emissions more comprehensive and effectively improves the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world.

[0069] In some embodiments, optionally, the step of determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas in each first lake includes: determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas in each first lake from a reference information table of median values ​​of greenhouse gas fluxes based on the area of ​​each first lake and the type of lake to which it belongs.

[0070] In this embodiment, by directly confirming the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake in the pre-constructed median value reference information table of greenhouse gas flux, the process of obtaining the flux value of each greenhouse gas is made more convenient, thereby improving the efficiency of calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes.

[0071] In some embodiments, optionally, before the step of determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas for each first lake, it also includes: constructing a median reference information table of greenhouse gas fluxes, including determining whether there is a linear relationship between the emission flux of each greenhouse gas and the area of ​​each type of lake; setting a median greenhouse gas flux for the area interval of each first lake in each type of lake for which a linear relationship exists; setting a median greenhouse gas flux for each type of lake for which no linear relationship exists; wherein greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

[0072] In this embodiment, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are three important greenhouse gases, and the increase in their atmospheric concentration is one of the important factors leading to global warming. There may be a certain linear relationship between different greenhouse gases and the area size of different types of lakes. For example, the emission flux of some greenhouse gases decreases or increases with the increase of the area of ​​natural lakes. For such greenhouse gases, it is necessary to determine the lake type with a linear relationship with its emission flux, and set a median value of greenhouse gas flux for the area interval to which each first lake in the type of lake belongs. The median value of greenhouse gas flux set for the area interval to which each first lake belongs is the average value of the greenhouse gas flux values ​​of all first lakes in the area interval. However, there is no linear relationship between the emission flux of some greenhouse gases and the area size of different types of lakes, that is, the emission flux of greenhouse gases does not change significantly with the area of ​​this type of lake. For this type of greenhouse gas, it is necessary to determine the lake type that does not have a linear relationship with its emission flux, and set a unified median value of greenhouse gas flux for all first lakes of this type of lake, and this unified median value of greenhouse gas flux is the average value of the flux value of greenhouse gases of all first lakes under this type. Therefore, according to the area of ​​each first lake and the type of lake to which it belongs, the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake is directly determined from the reference information table of the median value of greenhouse gas flux. This application analyzes the influencing factors of greenhouse gas emissions of various types of lakes, so that when calculating the emissions of a certain greenhouse gas in a certain type of lake, a more accurate greenhouse gas flux value can be used, thereby improving the accuracy of greenhouse gas emission accounting.

[0073] In some embodiments, optionally, the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions also includes: obtaining the spatial positions corresponding to all first lakes; and displaying the spatial positions corresponding to all first lakes through a display interface.

[0074] In this embodiment, by obtaining the spatial position corresponding to the first lake from the lake database, the spatial position of each first lake can be confirmed when the greenhouse gas emissions of each first lake are subsequently calculated, and the spatial positions of all first lakes are displayed on the display interface, so as to intuitively determine the global spatial distribution of greenhouse gas emissions of each first lake and different types of lakes, so as to carry out regional targeted emission reduction work.

[0075] In some embodiments, optionally, the preset area threshold is 0.1 km 2 .

[0076] In some embodiments, optionally, the lake types include natural frozen ground lakes, natural non-frozen ground lakes, human-influenced urban lakes, and human-influenced non-urban lakes.

[0077] In this embodiment, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes, the present application divides the global lakes into two categories, one is human-affected lakes, and the other is natural lakes, that is, lakes not affected by humans. At the same time, the human-affected lakes are divided into urban lakes and non-urban lakes, and the natural lakes are divided into frozen soil lakes and non-frozen soil lakes. Since the flux values ​​of greenhouse gases of human-affected lakes and natural lakes are different, that is to say, the impact of human activities on the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes is fully taken into account in this application, and the greenhouse gas emissions of human-affected lakes and natural lakes are calculated separately. At the same time, it is also considered that the factors of human-affected urban lakes and human-affected non-urban lakes are different, and the formation methods of natural frozen soil lakes and natural non-frozen soil lakes are different, and there are certain differences in the flux values ​​of greenhouse gases, so the greenhouse gas emissions of four different types of lakes are calculated separately, so as to further improve the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes.

[0078] In some embodiments, optionally, the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions also includes: calculating the difference between the emissions of all greenhouse gases in urban lakes affected by human influence and the emissions of all greenhouse gases in natural non-frozen lakes of the same area, and determining the difference as the emission reduction potential value of urban lakes affected by human influence; or calculating the difference between the emissions of all greenhouse gases in non-urban lakes affected by human influence and the emissions of all greenhouse gases in natural non-frozen lakes of the same area, and determining the difference as the emission reduction potential value of non-urban lakes affected by human influence.

[0079] In this embodiment, by analyzing the size of greenhouse gas emissions from four types of lakes around the world, theoretically, when human-impacted lakes (human-impacted urban lakes and human-impacted non-urban lakes) are managed sustainably, the greenhouse gas emission flux can be reduced to a level equivalent to that of natural non-frozen lakes. The greenhouse gas emissions from human-impacted lakes are consistent with those from natural non-frozen lakes, that is, the impact of human factors on lake greenhouse gas emissions is excluded. At this time, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from human-impacted lakes (human-impacted urban lakes and human-impacted non-urban lakes) is the maximum reduction potential for global lake greenhouse gas emissions achieved through sustainable management.

[0080] In some embodiments, optionally, there is a linear relationship between the diffusion flux of carbon dioxide and natural frozen ground lakes, and there is a linear relationship between the diffusion flux of methane and natural frozen ground lakes, natural non-frozen ground lakes, human-influenced urban lakes, and human-influenced non-urban lakes.

[0081] In this embodiment, the diffusion flux of carbon dioxide decreases with the increase of lake area in natural frozen soil lakes, while there is no significant change with the change of area in the other three types of lakes (natural non-frozen soil lakes, human-affected urban lakes and human-affected non-urban lakes). The diffusion flux of methane increases with the increase of area in human-affected urban lakes, and decreases with the increase of area in the other three types of lakes. The bubbling flux of methane and the diffusion flux of nitrous oxide do not have a good linear relationship with the lake area. By using a variety of data analysis methods such as correlation analysis and regression analysis, the dominant factors controlling the concentration and diffusion flux of carbon dioxide and methane in four types of lakes are identified. DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) plays a leading role in the diffusion emissions of carbon dioxide and methane in natural frozen soil lakes, and DOC and chlorophyll a play an important role in both human-affected lakes and natural non-frozen soil lakes. In addition, the concentration of chlorophyll a decreased with the increase of lake area in the four types of lakes, and DOC decreased with the increase of area in natural lakes, but had no significant relationship with lake area in the two types of human-affected lakes (human-affected urban lakes and human-affected non-urban lakes).

[0082] In some embodiments, optionally, the step of determining the lake type to which each first lake belongs includes acquiring attribute information related to the first lakes; and determining the lake type to which each first lake belongs based on the attribute information.

[0083] In this embodiment, the attribute information includes the urban coverage, permafrost coverage, and population density of the location of the first lake. When determining the lake types to which multiple first lakes belong, the human-influenced urban lakes and natural permafrost lakes are first determined from all the first lakes based on the urban coverage and permafrost coverage of the location of the first lakes. Then, from all the first lakes whose types have not been determined, the natural non-permafrost lakes and human-influenced non-urban lakes are determined based on the relationship between the population density and a preset population density threshold.

[0084] like Figure 3 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, comprising the following steps:

[0085] S302: Collect literature data on greenhouse gas emissions and corresponding physical and chemical factors, and establish a lake greenhouse gas database.

[0086] S304: Establish a lake greenhouse gas flux and physical and chemical factor model and a lake nutrient and lake area model.

[0087] S306: Establish a lake greenhouse gas flux and area model and analyze the influencing factors of greenhouse gas emissions from various types of lakes.

[0088] S308: Obtain lakes in the global lake database with a radius greater than or equal to 0.1 km 2 Lake area, urban cover, permafrost cover, population density and average monthly temperature data.

[0089] S310: Determine the four types of global ≥ 0.1km 2 The area of ​​lakes of various sizes.

[0090] S312: Fitting four types of global models less than 0.1km 2 The sizes of lakes of various sizes.

[0091] S314: Determine the different sizes of four types of lakes around the world.

[0092] S316: Calculate the number of non-freezing days for each lake.

[0093] S318: Monte Carlo method is used to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from four types of lakes and all lakes worldwide.

[0094] S320: Quantify the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of global lakes by comparing greenhouse gas emission fluxes between anthropogenically affected lakes and natural non-frozen lakes.

[0095] The present invention will establish a method for calculating global lake greenhouse gas emissions and estimating the global lake greenhouse gas emission reduction potential. By collecting lake greenhouse gas emission data worldwide, and using correlation analysis and regression analysis to identify the main influencing factors affecting the greenhouse gas emissions of four types of lakes, a relationship model between lake greenhouse gas emissions and lake area is further established, and its change mechanism is explained by physical and chemical factors. In addition, the global lakes are classified and the areas of four types of small lakes are estimated through the multiple attributes of the global lake database, and the areas of different lake sizes of the four types of lakes in the world and the number of non-freezing days of each lake are obtained. The number of non-freezing days is obtained by the months when the monthly average temperature of the lake is greater than -4 degrees. For example, if the temperature of Lake C is greater than -4 degrees from May to August, the number of non-freezing days is the total number of days from May to August, and each lake has this monthly average temperature attribute. Finally, the Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the global four types of lakes and the overall greenhouse gas emissions, estimate and analyze the greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of global lakes, and provide a theoretical basis and data support for the subsequent regional targeted greenhouse gas emission reduction work. The present invention is used to solve the current problems of large uncertainty in greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, inability to quantify the contribution of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes affected by human activities, and uncertainty in the emission reduction potential of existing lakes. The main inventive points are as follows:

[0096] (1) Based on the classification of lake environmental characteristics, lakes affected by human activities are extracted from the global lake reservoir, and their greenhouse gas emissions and contributions to global lake greenhouse gas emissions are quantified. In addition, the lake database has spatial locations, which can obtain the spatial distribution of global lake greenhouse gas emissions. This solves the problem of unclear greenhouse gas emissions and contributions caused by human activities on a global scale and the uncertainty of the spatial distribution of lake greenhouse gas emissions, and further solves the problem of global lake emission reduction potential.

[0097] (2) Monte Carlo method can process skewed data through data conversion and multiple cycles of simulation to obtain the best estimate. By using Monte Carlo method, based on lake characteristics classification, the relationship between lake emission flux and area, the size of lakes in the database and the estimated area of ​​small lakes, the problem of large uncertainty in emission estimates when calculating greenhouse gas emissions from different types of lakes and global lakes is solved.

[0098] (3) Through the existing lake database and its attributes, the area sizes of four types of small lakes in the world that are not included in the database are fitted. Since small lakes are hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions, the problems of unclear emission sizes of different types of small lakes, inaccurate estimates of global lake greenhouse gas emissions, and unclear main contribution types of small lake emissions are solved.

[0099] The present invention discloses a method for estimating the global emission reduction potential of global lakes by establishing a global scale lake greenhouse gas emission accounting model. The method comprises the following steps:

[0100] (1) Establish a database. By searching the literature of the global mainstream databases for keywords, we collected 128 papers published from 1996 to 2022, with a total of more than 5,200 observational data on greenhouse gas fluxes, and also collected supporting lake physical and chemical property data. By integrating all the above data, we constructed a global lake greenhouse gas emission database including the three greenhouse gases.

[0101] (2) Establish accounting models for three greenhouse gas fluxes in four types of lakes and identify key influencing factors. The specific results are as follows: Models of CO2 (carbon dioxide) flux, CH4 (methane) diffusion flux and lake area were constructed using regression analysis and other models. It was found that CO2 diffusion flux emissions decreased with the increase of lake area in natural permafrost lakes, while there was no significant change with the area in the other three types of lakes. CH4 diffusion flux increased with the increase of area in urban lakes affected by human activities, while it decreased with the increase of area in the other three types of lakes. There was no good relationship model between CH4 bubbling flux and N2O (nitrous oxide) diffusion flux and lake area. Using correlation analysis, regression analysis and other data analysis methods, the dominant factors controlling CO2 concentration, CH4 concentration and diffusion flux in the four types of lakes were identified. DOC plays a dominant role in CO2 and CH4 diffusion emissions in permafrost lakes, and DOC and Chl-a (chlorophyll a) play an important role in lakes affected by human activities and natural non-permafrost lakes. In addition, Chl-a concentration decreased with the increase of lake area in the four types of lakes, DOC decreased with the increase of area in the two types of natural lakes, but had no significant relationship with lake area in the two types of lakes affected by human activities.

[0102] (3) Calculate the lake areas of different size boxes in the global lake database. Urban lakes affected by human activities and natural frozen soil lakes are classified by using the urban coverage attribute and frozen soil coverage attribute in the global lake database. Then, the population density data in the global lake data is obtained by using the longitude and latitude of the lakes in the greenhouse gas database. The 95% CI (Confidence Interval) of the population density of the two types of natural lakes is used as the threshold. Lakes greater than the threshold are non-urban lakes affected by human activities, and lakes less than the threshold are natural non-frozen soil lakes. In addition, different size boxes (e.g. 1km 2 -10 km 2 The number of lakes under a box, the average area and the total area are calculated, and the area less than 0.1km is fitted. 2 Different size boxes (e.g. 0.01km 2 -0.1km2 The number, average area and total area of ​​lakes in the four types were obtained by the same method, and the proportions of lakes with an area less than 0.1 km were further fitted. 2 The number, average area and total area of ​​lakes in different boxes are calculated. The four types of areas are calculated to obtain the contribution ratio of the global lake area size box. By multiplying it with the total area of ​​the size obtained previously, it is estimated that the four types of lakes are smaller than 0.1km 2 The area of ​​boxes of different sizes under .

[0103] (4) Calculate the greenhouse gas emissions of four types of lakes and total lakes worldwide. The global lake database >0.1km 2 The monthly average temperature of each lake is obtained, and the number of non-freezing days is further obtained. Through the relationship between the three greenhouse gas emissions and the area of ​​the four types of lakes, the Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the median greenhouse gas flux of each area size box or all areas of the four types of lakes. If the type of greenhouse gas is related to the lake area, multiply the greenhouse gas flux under the lake area size by the area of ​​each lake under the area size and then multiply it by the number of non-freezing days, accumulate all lakes to obtain the total greenhouse gas emissions under the area box, and finally accumulate the emissions under all lake area size boxes to obtain the global greenhouse gas emissions of the lake; if the type of greenhouse gas flux is not related to the area, multiply the median greenhouse gas flux of this type by the non-freezing period of each lake, and then multiply it by the lake area to obtain its global emissions. The three types of greenhouse gases are accumulated to obtain the greenhouse gas emissions of this type at the global scale, and finally the emission fluxes of the four types of lakes worldwide are accumulated to obtain the total greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes. The specific formula is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] Emission is the total annual greenhouse gas emissions from lakes around the world (Pg C-CO2 eq yr -1 ), i is the lake type, j is the greenhouse gas type, k is the lake area size box, l is the number of lakes in a lake area size box, F k is the average emission flux (mg C-CO2 eq m) of this area size box obtained by Monte Carlo method simulation -2 d -1 ), A l The area of ​​each lake (m 2 ), T l is the number of days of non-freezing period for each lake, K is given by (mg m -2 d -1 ) to (Pg C-CO2 eq yr-1 ) conversion factor.

[0106] (5) Quantify the emission reduction potential of global lakes. By analyzing the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions from four types of lakes around the world, theoretically, when the nutrient concentration of lakes affected by human impact is reduced to the level of nutrient concentration in natural non-frozen lakes, the greenhouse gas emissions from lakes affected by human impact will be consistent with those from natural non-frozen lakes. At this time, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from lakes affected by human impact is the maximum emission reduction potential of global lake greenhouse gas emissions that can be achieved through water quality restoration.

[0107] Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are three important greenhouse gases, and the increase in their atmospheric concentrations is one of the important factors leading to global warming. Although lakes only account for about 1.8% of the world's total land area, they play a vital role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle and are the main source of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Previous studies have shown that half of the world's CH4 emissions come from aquatic ecosystems, of which 35% come from lakes. Lakes can receive a large amount of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from terrestrial ecosystems and human activities through rivers, and have an important impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Studies have shown that with the development of society and economy, human activities have significantly increased the amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus emitted into lakes, thereby promoting the increase of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, especially CH4.

[0108] The concentration of nutrients in lakes is affected by various human activities, including sewage discharge, agricultural activities, industrial wastewater discharge, etc., but different types of lakes may be affected by different human activities. With the development of urbanization, more than 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas. Lakes in these areas (herein referred to as human-affected urban lakes) are mainly affected by sewage discharge, recreational activities and other activities, resulting in a large amount of nutrient input from urban areas. Previous studies have shown that human-affected urban lakes tend to be smaller in area but have higher nutrient concentrations and are one of the most important sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, there are many lakes in other non-urban areas that are mainly affected by agriculture, industry and various human activities, which are referred to as human-affected non-urban lakes. These lakes not only receive natural nutrient inputs from the basin, but also receive a large amount of nutrients from human activities. A large number of studies have confirmed that these non-urban lakes play a vital role as a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike human-affected lakes, lakes in areas with very little nutrient input caused by human activities are called natural lakes. In some areas, there are a large number of high-carbon accumulation lakes dominated by permafrost, which are called natural permafrost lakes here. Most of these lakes were formed by the sudden melting of permafrost, so they are small in size and have high carbon concentrations. Although these lakes contain fewer nutrients from human activities, previous studies have also shown that they emit large amounts of CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere. Compared with natural permafrost lakes, the nutrient input of lakes dominated by non-permafrost is mainly affected by natural factors such as land cover, hydrology and geomorphology in the basin, which are referred to here as natural non-permafrost lakes. The carbon concentration input of these lakes may be relatively low.

[0109] Accurate accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes is the basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction. In recent years, the international community has focused on the accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes as a key research area in the field of carbon and nitrogen cycles. Although this work has made great progress, the uneven distribution of data in different landform types has made the accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from lakes very uncertain. In addition, previous studies have shown that small lakes make an important contribution to global lake greenhouse gas emissions. However, since the lake area in the lake database is mainly obtained through remote sensing, the area of ​​small lakes that cannot be identified by remote sensing is still uncertain, which also poses a challenge to the global lake greenhouse gas accounting work. At present, the global lake greenhouse gas emission accounting method in most studies is mainly to collect greenhouse gas emission data from published papers worldwide, and then divide and organize the data according to classification criteria such as lake size, latitude or nutrient elements. The greenhouse gas emissions are obtained by obtaining the average greenhouse gas emission flux under each type and multiplying it by the total area of ​​the lake under this category, and the total greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes are accumulated. There are at least the following shortcomings in calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes based on this method:

[0110] (1) Although previous studies have considered the important role of lake nutrients in estimating lake greenhouse gas emissions, current methods and models are still unable to quantify the contribution of human-influenced lakes to global lake greenhouse gas emissions.

[0111] (2) This method is highly dependent on the reliability of the original data collected from the literature. The data collected from the literature may not be evenly distributed globally, and most studies may be concentrated in certain regions, so the data may not be representative of the world; using the average of a specific region in the world is easily affected by extremely high values, so the calculated emissions may be biased high.

[0112] (3) This method only estimates lake emissions and cannot reasonably explain the main influencing factors and differences in greenhouse gas emissions from different types of lakes.

[0113] (4) Small lakes are hotspots of global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the global lake database only contains lakes with an area greater than or equal to 0.1 km. 2 It is impossible to calculate the lakes of different types with a diameter less than 0.1 km. 2 Lake greenhouse gas emissions and their contributions.

[0114] (5) The greenhouse gas emissions from lakes calculated using this method are a total amount. It is not possible to obtain the global spatial distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from each lake or different types of lakes, nor is it possible to carry out regional targeted emission reduction work based on emissions.

[0115] Therefore, there is great uncertainty in calculating global lake greenhouse gas emissions based on collected greenhouse gas emission data and regional averages.

[0116] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0117] (1) The present invention establishes an optimized method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes. By using the Monte Carlo method, lake database, lake classification, and the relationship between lake greenhouse gas emissions and lake area, the greenhouse gas emissions of four types of lakes in the world are estimated and the total greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes are accumulated. Compared with the traditional method of calculating greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes using average values ​​and lake size, latitude, and nutrient concentrations based on collected data, the present invention can effectively reduce the uncertainty of calculation.

[0118] (2) The method proposed in the present invention can be used to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes affected by human activities and natural lakes, and to obtain the contributions of various types of lakes and large and small lakes, while traditional methods can only calculate the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

[0119] (3) The lake greenhouse gas emission accounting method of the present invention can be used to visualize the lake greenhouse gas emissions at the global scale, so that the local and overall regional lake greenhouse gas emissions can be intuitively understood, and the lake greenhouse gas emission reduction potential can be calculated and the lake greenhouse gas emission hotspots can be identified, which is of great value for greenhouse gas emission reduction work.

[0120] (4) Although the method and model proposed in the present invention are aimed at calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes, they are not limited to lakes. The concept of the present invention can also be applied to the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of other inland water bodies, such as reservoirs and rivers.

[0121] The area of ​​the second type of lakes at different sizes was estimated from the first type of lakes in the world. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The horizontal axis is the logarithm of the lake size to base 10, which is the boundary value of different area intervals, and the vertical axis is the logarithm of the number of lakes to base 10. The number of lakes in each size in the second type of lakes (small area lakes) in the world is obtained through linear fitting. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The horizontal axis is the logarithm of the lake size to base 10, which is the boundary value of different area intervals. The vertical axis is the logarithm of the average size to base 10. The average area (average size) of global lakes at each size in the second type of lakes is obtained through linear fitting. The total area of ​​global lakes at different sizes and the total area of ​​lakes of various types are obtained through the number of lakes and the average area. Figure 6 As shown, by calculating the proportion of each type of lake, for example, the proportion of urban lakes is: urban lake area / global total area, the proportion of the four types of lakes in different lake sizes is obtained, and by multiplying the global lake area by the proportion of each type of lake, the area of ​​each type of lake in the area size is obtained. These steps are mainly to estimate the area more accurately, using the global lake area constraint to prevent overestimation of the area of ​​the second type of lakes. For example, in a certain second type of lake size box, the global urban lakes are obtained by multiplying the number of lakes by the average area of ​​lakes. The total area of ​​urban lakes affected by human activities is 10km 2 , the total area of ​​non-urban lakes is 30km 2 The total area of ​​natural frozen lakes is 40km 2 The total area of ​​natural non-frozen lakes is 20km 2 , then the contribution of urban lake area is 10 / 100 = 10%, and then the total area of ​​all lakes in the world calculated by fitting is 80km 2 , then the actual urban lake area is 80×10%=8km 2 The aim is to constrain the four types using total global lake data to produce more accurate estimates.

[0122] By using the GHG (Greenhouse Gas) data in the constructed lake greenhouse gas database and the corresponding lake area data, the relationship between the four types and the area was fitted.

[0123] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The figure shows the relationship between the carbon dioxide flux of different types of lakes and the lake area. The horizontal axis is the logarithm of the lake area with a base of 10, and the vertical axis is the logarithm of the carbon dioxide flux + 85 with a base of 10. The linear fitting coefficient R of different types of lakes can be simulated by multiple sets of the above data values. 2 Among them, the linear fitting coefficient R 2 The higher the value, the greater the probability of a linear relationship between surface lake area and carbon dioxide flux, and vice versa. The results of the fitting calculation are as follows Figure 7 As shown, through Figure 7 It can be seen that the linear fitting coefficient R of human impact on urban lakes 2 =0.05, linear fitting coefficient of human impact on non-urban lakes R 2 <0.01, linear fitting coefficient of natural frozen lakes R 2 =0.23, linear fitting coefficient of natural non-frozen lakes R 2 =0.05, and according to the above conclusions, the linear fitting coefficients of human-affected urban lakes, human-affected non-urban lakes and natural non-frozen lakes are relatively small, so it can be considered that the CO2 flux in these three types of lakes is not related to the lake area. The linear fitting coefficient of natural frozen lakes is relatively large, so it can be considered that the CO2 flux in natural frozen lakes is linearly related to the lake area, that is, negatively correlated.

[0124] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The figure shows the relationship between the methane diffusion flux of different types of lakes and the lake area. The horizontal axis is the logarithm of the lake area with a base of 10, and the vertical axis is the logarithm of the methane diffusion flux with a base of 10. Through multiple sets of the above data values, the linear fitting coefficient R of different types of lakes can be simulated. 2 The results of the fitting calculation are as follows Figure 8 As shown, through Figure 8 It can be seen that the linear fitting coefficient R of human impact on urban lakes 2 =0.11, linear fitting coefficient R of human impact on non-urban lakes 2 =0.19, linear fitting coefficient of natural frozen lake R 2 =0.08, linear fitting coefficient of natural non-frozen lakes R 2=0.20. It is thus determined that the linear fitting coefficients of these four types of lakes are relatively large, so it can be considered that there is a linear relationship between the methane diffusion flux and the area of ​​these four types of lakes, that is, there is a positive correlation between the methane diffusion flux and the lake area in human-affected urban lakes, and a negative correlation between the methane diffusion flux and the lake area in the other three types of lakes.

[0125] If relevant, such as CO2 in natural frozen lakes, the median value of the CO2 emission flux of different sizes of this type in the greenhouse gas database is obtained, and this value is the CO2 emission flux value at this size.

[0126] For example: For the first type of lake, a natural frozen lake of 1km is obtained through the greenhouse gas database 2 -10km 2 The median CO2 emission flux from lakes is 3 (mg C-CO2 eq m -2 d -1 ).

[0127] 1) Lake 5km 2 , the non-freezing period is 100 days in a year, so the CO2 emission is 3×5000000×100=1500000000(mg C-CO2 eq yr -1 ), and the annual discharge of the lake is obtained.

[0128] 2) Lake 9km 2 , the non-freezing period is 80 days in a year, so the CO2 emission is 3×9000000×80=2160000000(mg C-CO2 eq yr -1 ), and the annual discharge of the lake is obtained.

[0129] By adding up all lakes of this size around the world, we get the total emissions for this size. Type 2 lakes: We get natural frozen lakes 10 -2 km 2 Up to 10 -1 km 2 The median CO2 emission flux is 300 (mg C-CO2 eq m -2 d -1 The average number of days of non-freezing period in a year for this type of lake is 120 days for all lakes of the first type. The global area of ​​this type and size is 600 km 2 Then 10 -2 km 2 -10 -1 km 2 The total CO2 emissions from natural frozen lakes worldwide is 300×120×600000000=21600000000000(mg C-CO2 eq yr-1 ). (The number of days in the non-freezing period is obtained by the months when the monthly average temperature of the lake is greater than -4 degrees. For example, if Lake C is greater than -4 degrees from May to August, the number of days in the non-freezing period is 4×30=120 days. Each lake has this monthly average temperature attribute.) The CO2 emission flux of urban lakes affected by human activities is independent of area. The median value of CO2 emission flux under all sizes is 40 (mg C-CO2 eq m -2 d -1 ), then the global emissions from the first category of lakes affected by human activities are: 40×the number of days in the non-freezing period of the lake×the area of ​​the lake, and then the emissions from all lakes are added together to get the emissions from the first category of lakes. The global emissions from the second category of lakes affected by human activities are: 40×the average number of days in the non-freezing period of this type of lake (calculated for the first category of lakes) multiplied by the total area of ​​all sizes of the second category of lakes. Add the emissions from the first category of lakes and the emissions from the second category of lakes to get the total annual CO2 emissions from this type of lakes worldwide.

[0130] like Fig. 9As shown, another embodiment of the present invention provides a device 1 for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, including: a confirmation unit 10, used to confirm the type of lake and construct multiple area intervals for each type of lake; the confirmation unit 10 is also used to confirm all first lakes in the lake database, as well as the area, lake type and area interval of each first lake; the confirmation unit 10 is also used to determine the first average area and the number of first lakes in each area interval of each type of lake based on the area of ​​each first lake; a construction unit 12 is used to construct a first functional relationship of the corresponding type of lake based on the relationship between each area interval and the first average area corresponding thereto; the construction unit 12 is also used to construct a second functional relationship of the corresponding type of lake based on the relationship between each area interval and the number of first lakes corresponding thereto; the confirmation unit 10 is also used to determine one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs; a calculation unit 14 is used to calculate the corresponding area interval based on one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, and one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type. The confirmation unit 10 is also used to determine the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each first lake and the number of non-freezing days of each first lake in a preset time period; the calculation unit 14 is also used to calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake in a preset time period according to the area of ​​each first lake, the number of non-freezing days of the corresponding first lake in a preset time period and the flux value of each greenhouse gas of the corresponding first lake; the calculation unit 14 is also used to calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake in a preset time period according to the total area of ​​all second lakes of each type of lake, the number of non-freezing days of the corresponding first lake in a preset time period and the flux value of each greenhouse gas of the corresponding first lake. The average value of the flux value of the body and the average value of the non-freezing days of all the first lakes of the corresponding type in the preset time period are used to calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of all the second lakes of the corresponding type in the preset time period; the calculation unit 14 is also used to add the sum of the emission of each greenhouse gas of each first lake in the preset time period and the sum of the emission of each greenhouse gas of all the second lakes of each type in the preset time period to determine the emission of greenhouse gases emitted by all lakes in the preset time period; wherein the area of ​​the first lake is greater than or equal to the preset area threshold, and the area of ​​the second lake is less than the preset area threshold.

[0131] According to the device 1 for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes provided by the present invention, all lakes in the world are classified, and multiple area intervals are constructed for each type of lake, each area interval is a half-open interval, such as a left half-open interval or a right half-open interval, and the corresponding boundary points of two adjacent area intervals are in geometric proportion, such as (0.1, 1], (1, 10] and (10, 100], etc. A first lake with a relatively large area is obtained from the lake database. Since the second lake with a relatively small area is not recorded in the lake database, its parameter information cannot be directly obtained through the lake database, and thus the greenhouse gas emissions of the small lake cannot be directly calculated. Therefore, in the present application, based on the areas of multiple first lakes of the same type, the total area of ​​all second lakes with relatively small areas of the same type is inferred. In this way, when calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the world, the lakes involved are more comprehensive, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from global lakes.

[0132] At the same time, since each lake produces a variety of different greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, etc., when calculating all greenhouse gas emissions of each lake, it is necessary to calculate the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each type of lake within a preset time period. The preset time period can be set by the user according to actual needs, or it can be a fixed value in the system. In addition, since the lake cannot discharge greenhouse gases from the water body during the freezing period, it is necessary to confirm the number of non-freezing days of the lake within the preset time period to determine the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the emissions of each greenhouse gas in each lake within the preset time period are added together to determine the total emissions of each lake within the preset time period. Finally, the total emissions of all first lakes under each type and the total emissions of all second lakes under the type are added together to determine the total greenhouse gas emissions of global lakes. Since each greenhouse gas emission of each lake under each type is calculated separately in this application, the accuracy of the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of lakes can be effectively improved.

[0133] The device 1 for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0134] The construction unit 12 is further used to construct a median value reference information table of greenhouse gas fluxes.

[0135] The lake greenhouse gas emission accounting device 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application also includes an acquisition unit and a display unit. The acquisition unit is used to acquire the spatial positions corresponding to all first lakes, and the display unit is used to display the spatial positions corresponding to all first lakes through a display interface.

[0136] The calculation unit 14 in the lake greenhouse gas emission accounting device 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application is also used to calculate the difference between the emissions of all greenhouse gases in urban lakes affected by human influence and the emissions of all greenhouse gases in natural non-frozen lakes of the same area, and determine the difference as the emission reduction potential value of urban lakes affected by human influence; or calculate the difference between the emissions of all greenhouse gases in non-urban lakes affected by human influence and the emissions of all greenhouse gases in natural non-frozen lakes of the same area, and determine the difference as the emission reduction potential value of non-urban lakes affected by human influence.

[0137] like Fig.10 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device 400, including: a memory 402, storing programs and / or instructions; a processor 404 executing the programs and / or instructions; wherein, when the processor 404 executes the programs and / or instructions, it implements the steps of the method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of lakes in any technical solution, and can achieve the same technical effect, so it will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.

[0138] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium having programs and / or instructions stored thereon, which, when the programs and / or instructions are executed, implement the steps of the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions in any technical solution.

[0139] In the embodiments according to the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments according to the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0140] In addition, although each operation is described in a specific order, this should be understood as requiring such operation to be performed in a specific order or in a sequential order, or requiring that all illustrated operations should be performed to obtain desired results. Under certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, although some specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention. Some features described in the context of a separate embodiment can also be implemented in a single implementation in combination. On the contrary, the various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations individually or in any suitable sub-combination mode.

[0141] Although the subject matter has been described in the language of specific structural features and / or method logical actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. On the contrary, the specific features and actions described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

[0142] The above are only preferred embodiments according to the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes may be made according to the embodiments of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, characterized in that: include: Identify lake types and construct multiple area intervals for each type of lake; Identify all first lakes in the lake database, as well as the area, lake type and area range of each first lake; Determine, based on the area of ​​each of the first lakes, a first average area of ​​all the first lakes and the number of first lakes in each of the area intervals of each type of lake; According to the relationship between each area interval and the first average area corresponding thereto, construct a first functional relationship of the corresponding type of lake; According to the relationship between each area interval and the first number of lakes corresponding thereto, construct a second functional relationship of the corresponding type of lakes; determining one or more of the area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs; Calculate the total area of ​​all the second lakes of the corresponding type according to the one or more area intervals of each type of the second lake and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, and the one or more area intervals of each type of the second lake and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type; Determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each of the first lakes and the number of non-freezing days of each of the first lakes within a preset time period; Calculate the emission of each of the greenhouse gases of each of the first lakes within the preset time period according to the area of ​​each of the first lakes, the number of non-freezing days of the corresponding first lakes within the preset time period, and the flux value of each of the greenhouse gases of the corresponding first lakes; Calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of all the second lakes of each type within the preset time period according to the total area of ​​all the second lakes of each type of lake, the average value of the flux value of each greenhouse gas of all the first lakes of the corresponding type, and the average value of the number of non-freezing days of all the first lakes of the corresponding type within the preset time period; Determine the greenhouse gas emissions of all lakes in the preset time period by adding the sum of the emissions of each of the greenhouse gases of each of the first lakes in the preset time period to the sum of the emissions of each of the greenhouse gases of all the second lakes of each type in the preset time period; Among them, the area of ​​the first lake is greater than or equal to a preset area threshold, and the area of ​​the second lake is smaller than the preset area threshold.

2. The method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the total area of ​​all the second lakes of the corresponding type according to the one or more area intervals of each type of the second lake and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, and the one or more area intervals of each type of the second lake and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type, comprises: Calculate the second average area of ​​the second lake in each corresponding area interval according to one or more area intervals to which the second lake of each type belongs and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type; According to one or more area intervals to which each type of the second lake belongs and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type, the number of second lakes in each corresponding area interval is calculated; Determine the total area of ​​all the second lakes in the corresponding area interval according to the second average area and the number of the second lakes in each area interval in one or more area intervals to which the second lakes of each type belong; The total areas of all the second lakes in one or more area intervals to which each type of the second lake belongs are added together to calculate the total area of ​​all the second lakes of the corresponding type.

3. The method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas in each of the first lakes comprises: According to the area and lake type of each of the first lakes, the flux value of each of the greenhouse gases in each of the first lakes is determined from the median value reference information table of greenhouse gas fluxes.

4. The method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before the step of determining the flux value of each greenhouse gas in each of the first lakes, the method further includes: Constructing the median value reference information table of the greenhouse gas flux, including: Determine whether there is a linear relationship between the emission flux of each of the greenhouse gases and the area of ​​each type of lake; For each type of lakes with the linear relationship, a median value of the greenhouse gas flux is set for the area interval to which each of the first lakes belongs; A median value of the greenhouse gas flux is set for each type of lake for which the linear relationship does not exist; Wherein, the greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

5. The method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Obtaining the spatial positions corresponding to all the first lakes; The spatial positions corresponding to all the first lakes are displayed through a display interface.

6. The method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preset area threshold is 0.1 km 2 .

7. The method for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The lake types include natural frozen soil lakes, natural non-frozen soil lakes, human-influenced urban lakes and human-influenced non-urban lakes. The calculation method of the greenhouse gas emissions from the lakes also includes: Calculate the difference between the emissions of all the greenhouse gases in the human-influenced urban lake and the emissions of all the greenhouse gases in the natural non-frozen lake of the same area, and determine the difference as the emission reduction potential value of the human-influenced urban lake; or The difference between the emissions of all the greenhouse gases in the human-influenced non-urban lake and the emissions of all the greenhouse gases in the natural non-frozen lake of the same area is calculated, and the difference is determined as the emission reduction potential value of the human-influenced non-urban lake.

8. A device for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from lakes, characterized in that: include: A confirmation unit is used to confirm the lake type and construct multiple area intervals for each type of lake; The confirmation unit is further used to confirm all first lakes in the lake database, as well as the area, lake type and area interval of each first lake; The confirmation unit is further used to determine, according to the area of ​​each of the first lakes, a first average area of ​​all the first lakes and the number of first lakes in each of the area intervals of each type of lakes; A construction unit, configured to construct a first functional relationship of a corresponding type of lake according to a relationship between each of the area intervals and the first average area corresponding thereto; The construction unit is further used to construct a second functional relationship of the corresponding type of lakes according to the relationship between each area interval and the first number of lakes corresponding thereto; The confirmation unit is further used to determine one or more area intervals to which each type of second lake belongs; a calculation unit, for calculating the total area of ​​all the second lakes of the corresponding type according to one or more of the area intervals of each type of the second lake and the first functional relationship of the corresponding type, and one or more of the area intervals of each type of the second lake and the second functional relationship of the corresponding type; The confirmation unit is further used to determine the flux value of each greenhouse gas of each of the first lakes and the number of non-freezing days of each of the first lakes within a preset time period; The calculation unit is further used to calculate the emission of each of the greenhouse gases of each of the first lakes within the preset time period according to the area of ​​each of the first lakes, the number of non-freezing days of the corresponding first lakes within the preset time period, and the flux value of each of the greenhouse gases of the corresponding first lakes; The calculation unit is further used to calculate the emission of each greenhouse gas of all the second lakes of each type within the preset time period according to the total area of ​​all the second lakes of each type of lake, the average value of the flux value of each greenhouse gas of all the first lakes of the corresponding type, and the average value of the non-freezing days of all the first lakes of the corresponding type within the preset time period; The calculation unit is further used to add the sum of the emission of each of the greenhouse gases of each of the first lakes in the preset time period to the sum of the emission of each of the greenhouse gases of all the second lakes of each type in the preset time period, so as to determine the emission of the greenhouse gases of all the lakes in the preset time period; Among them, the area of ​​the first lake is greater than or equal to a preset area threshold, and the area of ​​the second lake is smaller than the preset area threshold.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory storing programs and / or instructions; A processor, executing the program and / or the instructions; Wherein, when the processor executes the program and / or the instruction, it implements the steps of the method for calculating lake greenhouse gas emissions as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: include: The storage medium stores a program and / or an instruction, and when the program and / or the instruction are executed, the steps of the method for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions of a lake as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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