A method for planting big cherry trees under facility conditions for three seasons of fruiting in two years

Abstract

The application provides a planting method of two-year three-season fruiting of large cherries under facility conditions, and comprises the following process steps: site selection of a park and construction of a planting greenhouse; planting cherry trees in the greenhouse; and a production process: the mature period of cherries in each season is 7.5-8.5 months, and the growth period of cherries in three seasons is 24 months. The application realizes accurate control of the growth and development of cherry trees in each stage by artificially interfering with the microclimate in the greenhouse. The artificial environment temperature control is not affected by the external weather. By artificially creating and controlling the basic conditions such as the environmental temperature, air humidity, soil temperature and illumination in the greenhouse, the natural meteorological conditions and climate are simulated, the accurate control of the early or delayed flowering, fruiting and marketing of large cherry trees is realized, the large cherries bear fruit in three seasons within two years, and the economic benefits are maximized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a planting method for large cherries that bear fruit in three seasons over two years under facility conditions. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, cherry cultivation is divided into cool-field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. Cool-field cultivation involves growing and maturing cherries naturally in the natural environment without human intervention. For example, cool-field cherries in northern China generally reach maturity in May. Greenhouse cultivation involves artificially modifying the natural growth conditions of cherries by building greenhouses and other facilities, thereby advancing or delaying the natural maturity period. In the prior art, greenhouse cherries can only be marketed about a month earlier and can only bear fruit once a year. Therefore, how to achieve multiple fruiting periods within a short period of time by artificially controlling the microclimate within the greenhouse within a facility, achieving three fruiting seasons within two years, and achieving a stepped and window-period market for cherries, thereby achieving higher economic benefits, is a problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a method for growing large cherries in a facility with three fruiting seasons over two years.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: a method for growing large cherries that bear fruit in two years and three seasons under facility conditions, comprising the following process steps:

[0005] (1) Site selection and greenhouse construction: Avoid low-lying soil areas. The greenhouse must be built as an east-west solar greenhouse with insulation facilities. The greenhouse must be equipped with water, electricity, ventilation and intelligent artificial environment control units.

[0006] (2) Planting cherry trees in greenhouses: Deeply plow the soil in the greenhouse, disinfect it, and form ridges. Select high-yielding trees that are more than five years old for planting. The trees should be strong, have well-developed roots, sufficient branches, full flower buds, and be disease-free.

[0007] (3) Production process: The cherry ripening period of each season is 7.5-8.5 months, and the growing period of three seasons is 24 months:

[0008] A1. Dormancy: From late July to early August of the first year, the greenhouse temperature is controlled by intelligent artificial environment units to 2-4°C, and the soil temperature 25-30cm below the tree roots is 0-7°C. The cherry trees begin to shed their leaves, inducing the trees to enter a dormant period and reach deep dormancy. During this period, the air humidity in the greenhouse is maintained at 60-80%, and the ventilation volume is maintained at more than 1,000 cubic meters per day. Dormancy ends around September 30th, and the dormancy period lasts for two months.

[0009] B1. After the dormancy period, start raising the temperature and cleaning the garden on October 1st. Gradually increase the temperature in the greenhouse to promote flowering. The flower buds and leaf buds will begin to grow. The tree will bloom after 20-30 days of temperature increase. The tree will bloom when the ground temperature reaches above 13 degrees around October 20th and the temperature in the greenhouse is 23 to 26 degrees. The growth period is 20-30 days.

[0010] C1. The tree enters the pollination period 7-10 days after flowering. After pollination, the fruit begins to grow, mature, and differentiate into flower buds. The fruit sets and matures in 60-65 days. The fruit matures from December 20th to early January of the following year.

[0011] D1: The fruit enters the picking period after it matures. The fruit picked at this time will be on the market during the Spring Festival. The picking ends from January 20th to early February of the following year.

[0012] E1. After picking in early February, the flower buds enter the vegetative maturity and differentiation stage, and the flower buds mature and differentiate around February 20;

[0013] F1: After the flower buds mature and differentiate, the tree enters the nutrition stage. Organic fertilizer is applied to enhance the tree's nutrition. This period ends around April 30 and lasts for about 40 days. This is the first season.

[0014] A2: After the tree's vegetative period, the tree sheds its leaves and enters a dormant period until around June 30th. After about 20 days of flower and leaf bud growth, it blooms around July 20th and enters a mature growth period after pollination. The fruit matures and enters the picking period around September 20th. The fruit picked at this time is available around the Mid-Autumn Festival. Picking ends around October 20th and the tree enters a vegetative period of about 40 days. Around November 20th, flower bud differentiation is complete and the tree enters a vegetative period of about 40 days. This is the second season.

[0015] B2: In the third year, the dormant period lasts from early January to around February 20. After the dormant period, there is a 20-day growth period for flower and leaf buds. Flowering occurs around March 10, and after pollination, the plant enters the growth and maturity period. The plant matures around May 20, and the harvest ends around June 20. The plant enters the dormant period again around August 20. This is the third season.

[0016] Preferably, the soil temperature at 25-30 cm from the root of the tree during the dormant period is 6.5°C to 6.8°C;

[0017] Preferably, the intelligent artificial environment equipment has a cooling capacity of 140kw, a heating capacity of 80kw, and a dehumidification capacity of 50kg, with the unit being mu / hour.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the present application realizes accurate control of the growth and development of cherry trees at each stage by artificially intervening in the microclimate in the greenhouse, the artificial environment temperature control is not affected by the outside weather, the basic conditions such as the environmental temperature, air humidity, soil temperature and light in the greenhouse are artificially created and controlled, the natural weather and climate are simulated, the accurate control of the early or delayed flowering, fruiting and marketing of the big cherry trees is realized, the big cherries bear fruit in three seasons within two years, so that the target of the ladder type marketing of the big cherries is achieved, and the ladder type, window period batch marketing can be realized independently according to the market demand, the shelf life of the cherries is maximized, and the economic benefits are maximized. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to better understand and implement, a planting method of two-year three-season fruiting under the condition of big cherry facilities is described in detail below: taking Yantai Mouping District Shujie Cherry Cooperative (the applicant Sun Jie as the legal person) as an example:

[0020] Greenhouse area 1.15 mu, variety: Mei Zao

[0021] Park site selection and construction of planting greenhouse: the park site selection has no special requirements for geology, and can avoid low-lying land. The planting greenhouse must be built into an east-west sunlight greenhouse with thermal insulation cotton. The cotton amount is 1600g / m 2 , and the corresponding water, electricity and ventilation facilities are matched, and the intelligent artificial environment unit equipment is installed in the greenhouse. The intelligent artificial environment unit takes the demand per mu / hour as the unit, the refrigerating capacity is 140kw, the heating capacity is 80kw, and the dehumidifying capacity is 50kg; to cope with the temperature required by the big cherry peach tree body at each growth stage, the temperature is lowered at high temperature, the temperature is raised at low temperature, and the humidity is accurately controlled at maturity.

[0022] Requirements for planting trees in the greenhouse: select five-year-old high-yield trees for planting, and perform deep plowing and disinfection on the soil in the greenhouse in advance, and form ridges. The tree body is strong, the root system is developed, the branch amount is sufficient, the flower bud is full, and there is no disease;

[0023] Production process management:

[0024] Two-year three-season cherry mature period is 7.5-8.5 months, and three-season cherry growth period is 24 months:

[0025] A1, dormancy period: from the end of July to the beginning of August in the first year, the environmental temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to 2-4℃ by the intelligent artificial environment unit, the soil temperature of the tree root system is 6.5-6.8℃, the cherry tree begins to shed leaves, induces the tree body to enter the dormancy period, and achieves deep dormancy. During the dormancy period, the air humidity in the greenhouse is kept at 60-80%, the light has no special requirements, the ventilation volume is kept at more than 1000 cubic meters per day, and the dormancy ends before and after September 30. The dormancy period is 2 months;

[0026] B1. After the dormancy period, start raising the temperature and cleaning the garden on October 1st. Gradually increase the temperature in the greenhouse to promote flowering. The flower buds and leaf buds will begin to grow. The tree will bloom after 20-30 days of temperature increase. The tree will bloom when the ground temperature reaches above 13 degrees around October 20th and the temperature in the greenhouse is 23 to 26 degrees. The growth period is 20-30 days.

[0027] C1. The tree enters the pollination period 7-10 days after flowering. After pollination, the fruit begins to grow, mature, and differentiate into flower buds. The fruit sets and matures in 60-65 days. The fruit matures from December 20th to early January of the following year.

[0028] D1: The fruit enters the picking period after it matures. The fruit picked at this time will be on the market during the Spring Festival. The picking ends from January 20th to early February of the following year.

[0029] E1. After picking in early February, the flower buds enter the vegetative maturity and differentiation stage, and the flower buds mature and differentiate around February 20;

[0030] F1: After the flower buds mature and differentiate, the tree enters the nutrition stage. Organic fertilizer is applied to enhance the tree's nutrition. This period ends around April 30 and lasts for about 40 days. This is the first season.

[0031] A2: After the tree's vegetative period, the tree sheds its leaves and enters a dormant period until around June 30th. After about 20 days of flower and leaf bud growth, it blooms around July 20th and enters a mature growth period after pollination. The fruit matures and enters the picking period around September 20th. The fruit picked at this time is available around the Mid-Autumn Festival. Picking ends around October 20th and the tree enters a vegetative period of about 40 days. Around November 20th, flower bud differentiation is complete and the tree enters a vegetative period of about 40 days. This is the second season.

[0032] B2. In the third year, it enters a dormant period from early January to around February 20. After the dormancy ends, it goes through a 20-day flower bud and leaf bud growth period. It blooms around March 10 and enters a growth and maturity period after pollination. It matures around May 20 and ends harvesting around June 20. It enters a dormant period again around August 20. This is the third season.

Claims

1. A method for growing cherry fruits in two years and three seasons under facility conditions, characterized in that The process steps include: (1) Site selection and greenhouse construction: Avoid low-lying soil areas. The greenhouse must be built as an east-west solar greenhouse with insulation facilities. The greenhouse must be equipped with water, electricity, ventilation equipment and intelligent artificial environment control units. (2) Planting cherry trees in greenhouses: Deeply plow the soil in the greenhouse, disinfect it, and form ridges. Select high-yielding trees that are more than five years old for planting. The trees should be strong, have well-developed roots, sufficient branches, full flower buds, and be disease-free. (3) Production process: The cherry ripening period of each season is 7.5-8.5 months, and the growing period of three seasons is 24 months: A1. Dormancy: From late July to early August of the first year, the greenhouse temperature is controlled by intelligent artificial environment units to 2-4°C, and the soil temperature 25-30cm below the tree roots is 0-7°C. The cherry trees begin to shed their leaves, inducing the trees to enter a dormant period and reach deep dormancy. During this period, the air humidity in the greenhouse is maintained at 60-80%, and the ventilation volume is maintained at more than 1,000 cubic meters per day. Dormancy ends around September 30th, and the dormancy period lasts for two months. B1. After the dormancy period, start raising the temperature and cleaning the garden on October 1st. Gradually increase the temperature in the greenhouse to promote flowering. The flower buds and leaf buds will begin to grow. The tree will bloom after 20-30 days of temperature increase. The tree will bloom when the ground temperature reaches above 13 degrees around October 20th and the temperature in the greenhouse reaches 23 to 26 degrees. The growth period is 20-30 days. C1. The tree enters the pollination period 7-10 days after flowering. After pollination, the fruit begins to grow, mature, and differentiate into flower buds. The fruit sets and matures in 60-65 days. The fruit matures from December 20th to early January of the following year. D1: After the fruit matures, it enters the picking period. The fruits picked at this time are put on the market during the Spring Festival. The picking ends from January 20th to early February of the following year. E1. After picking in early February, the flower buds enter the vegetative maturity and differentiation stage, and the flower buds mature and differentiate around February 20; F1: After the flower buds mature and differentiate, the tree enters the nutrition stage. Organic fertilizer is applied to enhance the tree's nutrition. This period ends around April 30 and lasts for about 40 days. This is the first season. A2: After the tree's vegetative period, the tree sheds its leaves and enters a dormant period until around June 30th. After about 20 days of flower and leaf bud growth, it blooms around July 20th and enters a mature growth period after pollination. The fruit matures and enters the picking period around September 20th. The fruit picked at this time is available around the Mid-Autumn Festival. Picking ends around October 20th and flower bud differentiation begins. Around November 20th, flower bud differentiation is complete and the tree enters a vegetative period of about 40 days. This is the second season. B2. In the third year, it enters a dormant period from early January to around February 20. After the dormancy ends, it goes through a 20-day flower bud and leaf bud growth period. It blooms around March 10 and enters a growth and maturity period after pollination. It matures around May 20 and ends harvesting around June 20. It enters a dormant period again around August 20. This is the third season.

2. The method for growing cherry fruits in two years and three seasons under facility conditions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The soil temperature at 25-30 cm from the root of the tree during the dormant period is 6.5°C to 6.8°C.

3. The method for growing cherry fruits in two years and three seasons under facility conditions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The intelligent artificial environment unit has a cooling capacity of 140kw, a heating capacity of 80kw, and a dehumidification capacity of 50kg, with the unit being mu / hour.