A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface

Abstract

The present application discloses a method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface, comprising the following steps: Step 1: evenly set easily removable reflective materials on the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 2: locate the vertical line of the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface with a laser; Step 3: measure the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface with a laser; Step 4: if necessary, measure the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface with a laser; Step 5: measure the spatial coordinates of the local contour of the three-dimensional spherical surface with a laser; Step 6: obtain the contour line coordinates from step 5 and calculate the local contour area of ​​the three-dimensional spherical surface. The beneficial effects of this scheme can be known from the description of the above scheme. The structure is simple and the design is reasonable. The laser transmitter and the laser receiver are used to reflect the local contour of the three-dimensional spherical surface, which can make the density of the sampling points large enough; and it avoids the problem of large errors easily generated by manual measurement of irregular shapes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and in particular to a method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface. Background Art

[0002] The existing methods for measuring the area of ​​spherical surfaces are mostly for spherical surfaces with regular contours, while it is very troublesome to measure the local area of ​​irregular contours of three-dimensional spherical surfaces, such as the coloring detection of ball pin seats. In the inspection process of ball pin seats, it is usually required to detect the parameters such as size and weight of the ball pin seat. In addition, it is also required to perform coloring detection on the inner spherical surface with a metal ball pin of a given diameter. The general technical requirement is that the coloring contact area between the two should be greater than 70% of the theoretical contact area, that is, the coloring area should be greater than or equal to 70% of the theoretical contact area, and the coloring distribution should be basically uniform to control the contact pressure and its distribution between the ball pin seat and the ball pin. At present, when the coloring area of ​​the ball pin seat is detected, it mainly depends on the inspectors to use the method of manual estimation in the specific actual detection operation to judge the coloring area and its distribution. Since the manual estimation method only obtains a rough estimate, and cannot obtain a more objective and true quantitative value of the coloring area, this will lead to different inspectors' evaluation of the same coloring state of the ball pin seat. It is not conducive to the objectivity and unification of the inspection standard, thereby affecting the stability of the overall quality of the ball pin seat product. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims at the deficiencies in the prior art and provides a method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface which has a simple structure and a reasonable design. The method adopts a laser transmitter and a laser receiver to reflect the local contour of a three-dimensional spherical surface, which can make the density of sampling points sufficiently large. The method also avoids the problem that large errors are easily generated in manual measurement of irregular shapes.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Evenly set the part of the three-dimensional spherical surface to be measured with an easily removable reflective material;

[0006] Step 2: Locate the vertical line where the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located, set a first light beam pointing vertically downward, and when the emitting light source falls on the center of the reflected light spot, the vertical line where the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located coincides with the emitting light beam;

[0007] Step 3: measuring the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface, emitting a laser beam as a second light from the side of the three-dimensional spherical surface to illuminate the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface reflects the light beam to a point of known height;

[0008] The height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface is obtained from the height of the emitting laser source and the horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface, as well as the height of the position irradiated by the reflected light and the horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0009] Step 4: If necessary, measure the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface, set the vertically downward laser as the third light, the third light illuminates the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the reflected light illuminates the known height;

[0010] Obtaining the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface from the height of the reflected light irradiation point and the horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface, the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the horizontal distance from the third light emitting point to the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0011] Step 5: measuring the spatial coordinates of the local contour distribution points of the three-dimensional spherical surface, setting a plurality of lasers as fourth light rays to illuminate the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the fourth light rays swing around the known point in the plane where the first light rays are located;

[0012] If the fourth light irradiates the three-dimensional spherical surface, the reflected light from the reflection point irradiates a horizontal position at a known height, or irradiates a vertical position at a known horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0013] The position of the reflection point is obtained according to the position of the axis of rotation of the fourth light ray, the position of the reflected light irradiation point, and the radius and the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0014] The positions of the reflection points constitute the positions of the points included in the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0015] Step 6: Calculate the area by the coordinates of the simulated points, and extract the data of the points at the positions of the three-dimensional spherical contours through the position data of the reflected light irradiation points obtained in step 5;

[0016] The local contour area of ​​the three-dimensional spherical surface is calculated based on the data of the contour position points.

[0017] Furthermore, step 2 is specifically as follows:

[0018] Step 2.1: Setting a first laser transmitter, a first laser receiver and a control terminal, wherein the first laser transmitter and the first laser receiver are connected to the control terminal by signals;

[0019] The first laser transmitter emits laser vertically downward, and the first laser receiving element is arranged around the first laser transmitter;

[0020] The diffusion angle of the light beam emitted by the first laser emitter is 2-3°;

[0021] The center line of the light beam emitted by the first laser emitter is set as the zero point in the X direction and the Y direction;

[0022] Step 2.2: Setting a support mechanism, wherein the support mechanism supports the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0023] Step 2.3: Turn on the first laser emitter and move the three-dimensional spherical surface horizontally so that the first laser receiving element receives the reflected light from the three-dimensional spherical surface, and when the first laser emitter is located in the center of the diffused light spot, the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located on the set vertical line.

[0024] Furthermore, step 3 is specifically as follows:

[0025] Step 3.1: Setting a second laser transmitter and a second laser receiver, wherein the second laser transmitter and the second laser receiver are connected to the control terminal by signals, and the second laser transmitter is located obliquely above the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0026] The second laser emitter is provided with a rotation axis, and the rotation axis of the second laser emitter and the laser emitted by the second laser emitter are perpendicular to each other and are located in the same plane;

[0027] The laser emitted by the second laser emitter is always located in the same plane as the perpendicular line of the center of the three-dimensional sphere;

[0028] The second laser receiving element is located above and on both sides of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0029] Step 3.2: Turn on the first laser emitter and the second laser emitter, the second laser emitter irradiates the center of the light spot formed by the first laser emitter on the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the second laser receiving element receives the reflected laser of the second laser emitter;

[0030] Step 3.3: Calculate the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface based on the height of the second laser emitter's rotation axis, the height of the second laser receiver's receiving point, the horizontal distance between the second laser emitter's rotation axis and the first laser emitter's emitting point, and the horizontal distance between the second laser receiver's receiving point and the first laser emitter's emitting point.

[0031] Furthermore, step 4 is specifically as follows:

[0032] Step 4.1: Setting a third laser emitter, wherein the third laser emitter signal is connected to the control terminal, the third laser emitter is close to the first laser emitter, and the third laser emitter emits vertically downward;

[0033] Step 4.2: Turning on the third laser transmitter, the light emitted by the third laser transmitter is reflected by the three-dimensional spherical surface and received by the second laser receiving element;

[0034] Step 4.3: The position of the light spot emitted by the third laser emitter received by the second laser receiving element, the emission point position of the third laser emitter, the emission point position of the first laser emitter and the top position of the three-dimensional sphere can be used to obtain the radius of the three-dimensional sphere by a trigonometric function equation group;

[0035] The control terminal sets a calculation program for the trigonometric function equation group.

[0036] Furthermore, step 5 is specifically as follows:

[0037] Step 5.1: Setting the approximate accuracy requirement of the local contour of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0038] Step 5.2: According to the above approximate accuracy requirements, the top of the three-dimensional sphere is set as the pole, and the longitude accuracy requirements and dimensional accuracy requirements of the three-dimensional spherical sampling points are set;

[0039] Step 5.3: setting a set latitude line, and using the latitude line to divide the three-dimensional spherical surface from the top to the bottom of the sphere into a plurality of latitude zones;

[0040] Filling the portion outside the outline of the three-dimensional spherical surface with a light-absorbing material to prevent light from passing through the missing portion of the three-dimensional spherical surface from outside the outline;

[0041] Step 5.4: A fourth laser transmitter is provided corresponding to each latitude zone divided out of the three-dimensional spherical surface, and a corresponding third laser receiver is provided in conjunction with the fourth laser transmitter;

[0042] Each latitude zone divided by the three-dimensional spherical surface corresponds to the second laser emitter or is provided with a fourth laser emitter, and the fourth laser emitter is respectively located obliquely above, on the side and obliquely below the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0043] The fourth laser transmitter signal is connected to the control terminal;

[0044] The fourth laser emitter is provided with a rotation axis, and the rotation axis of the fourth laser emitter and the laser emitted by the fourth laser emitter are perpendicular to each other and are located in the same plane;

[0045] The laser emitted by the fourth laser emitter is always located in the same plane as the perpendicular line of the center of the three-dimensional sphere;

[0046] At this time, the fourth laser emitter is turned on, and if the irradiated point of the three-dimensional spherical surface has a reflective material, the second laser receiving element receives the reflected light;

[0047] At this time, with the center of the three-dimensional sphere as the vertex, the midpoint of the rotation axis of the fourth laser transmitter is located on one side, and the reflected light receiving point of the second laser receiving element is located on the other side to form an angle;

[0048] The intersection point of the bisector of the above angle and the three-dimensional spherical surface is the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter;

[0049] Thus, the dimensional coordinates of the irradiation point on the three-dimensional spherical surface are determined by the midpoint of the rotation axis of the fourth laser transmitter, the laser light spot of the second laser receiving element, the center position of the three-dimensional spherical surface and the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0050] Step 5.5: Turn on the fourth laser emitter, and the fourth laser emitter illuminates the lowest or highest latitude line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional sphere;

[0051] The support mechanism is caused to rotate around the perpendicular line where the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located, and the support mechanism signal is connected to the control terminal and sends a rotation angle signal to the control terminal;

[0052] The longitude coordinates of the irradiation point are determined by the rotation angle signal of the support mechanism;

[0053] The control terminal is provided with a program for calculating the coordinates of the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter;

[0054] Each time the second laser receiving element changes from being able to receive reflected light to being unable to receive reflected light, and each time it changes from being unable to receive reflected light to being able to receive reflected light, the change information and the longitude coordinate information are recorded;

[0055] When the support mechanism completes one rotation, the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter moves by a set dimension toward another dimensional line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional sphere according to the set dimensional accuracy requirement, and records the movement;

[0056] The support mechanism rotates again, and records the change information and longitude coordinate information again;

[0057] Every time the support mechanism completes a rotation, the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter moves a set distance toward another dimension line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional sphere, and the support mechanism rotates again to record the change information and longitude coordinate information;

[0058] Until the fourth laser emitter irradiates another latitude line of the corresponding latitude band, the support mechanism completes the last rotation, and records the change information and longitude coordinate information;

[0059] At this point, the coordinates of the simulated points whose contour lines meet the accuracy requirements and are located in the latitude band corresponding to the fourth laser transmitter are obtained;

[0060] The coordinates of the simulated points in all latitude bands are summarized as the coordinates of the simulated points whose contour lines meet the accuracy requirements of the three-dimensional spherical surface.

[0061] Furthermore, step 6 is specifically as follows:

[0062] Step 6.1: Divide the three-dimensional spherical surface into a set number of latitude bands according to each measurement dimension in step 5.5;

[0063] Step 6.2: Calculate the area of ​​each latitude band set in step 6.1, calculate the width of the latitude band by the three-dimensional spherical radius and the difference between the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, calculate the length of the latitude band by the three-dimensional spherical radius and the average value of the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, and calculate the area of ​​the latitude band by the width and length;

[0064] Step 6.3: Calculate the length ratio of the latitude band contour from the average longitude of the upper and lower latitude line contour simulation points of the latitude band in step 6.1, and calculate the area of ​​the latitude band contour from the length ratio and the area of ​​the latitude band;

[0065] Step 6.4: Add the areas obtained in step 6.3 to obtain the local contour area of ​​the three-dimensional spherical surface that meets the accuracy requirements;

[0066] The control terminal is provided with the above-mentioned area calculation program.

[0067] Further, the support mechanism includes a base, a horizontal position adjustment platform is provided on the upper surface of the base, the horizontal position adjustment platform includes a first support plate, a motor is provided on the upper surface of the first support plate, a second support plate is transmission-connected to the top of the motor, and three telescopic rods are provided on the upper surface of the second support plate;

[0068] The telescopic rod supports the three-dimensional spherical surface.

[0069] Furthermore, the horizontal position adjustment platform further includes a first guide rail and a first lead screw, and the first guide rail and the first lead screw are arranged on the base;

[0070] The first guide rail and the first lead screw are movably connected to a third support plate, a second guide rail and a second lead screw are arranged on the upper surface of the third support plate, and the second guide rail and the second lead screw are movably connected to the first support plate;

[0071] The second guide rail and the second lead screw are arranged perpendicular to the first guide rail and the first lead screw.

[0072] Furthermore, the base is provided with a gantry, the first laser emitter is provided at the center of the top of the gantry, and the third laser emitter is provided at the top of the gantry;

[0073] The second laser emitter is arranged on the top of the gantry;

[0074] The remaining fourth laser emitters are respectively arranged on the top of the gantry, the side of the gantry and the base.

[0075] The base is provided with at least two gantries, the tops of the gantries are crossed and the center positions coincide with each other;

[0076] The second laser receiving element is arranged on the top and side of the gantry.

[0077] Further, the first laser receiving element disposed near the first laser transmitter and the third laser transmitter is capable of penetrating laser light;

[0078] The first laser emitter and the third laser emitter are both located above the first laser receiving element and the second laser receiving element.

[0079] The first lead screw, the second lead screw and the telescopic rod are all provided with handles, and the horizontal movement of the support mechanism and the telescopic adjustment of the telescopic rod are manually adjusted by the staff.

[0080] The beneficial effects of this solution can be seen from the description of the above solution. It has a simple structure and reasonable design. (1) The laser emitter and laser receiver are used to reflect the local contour of the three-dimensional sphere, which can make the density of sampling points large enough; (2) The position coordinates of the measuring point are determined by the spherical diameter, the coordinates of the center of the sphere, the coordinates of the emitted light spot and the coordinates of the reflected light spot, and the error influence caused by the amplification of the angle deviation is avoided as much as possible; (3) It also avoids the problem of large errors easily generated by manual measurement of irregular shape contours; (4) The laser emitter and laser receiver are respectively located above and on the side of the part, which can adapt to parts with larger curvature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of locating a perpendicular line to the center of a three-dimensional sphere according to the present invention;

[0082] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of measuring the height of the top of a three-dimensional spherical surface according to the present invention;

[0083] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of measuring the radius of a three-dimensional spherical surface according to the present invention;

[0084] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a part of the mechanism for measuring the spatial coordinates of the local contour of a three-dimensional spherical surface according to the present invention;

[0085] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another part of the mechanism for measuring the spatial coordinates of the local contour of a three-dimensional spherical surface according to the present invention;

[0086] Figure 6A schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring tool used in the present invention;

[0087] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support mechanism of the present invention;

[0088] In the figure, 1, three-dimensional sphere; 2, first laser emitter; 3, first laser receiver; 4, supporting mechanism; 5, second laser emitter; 6, second laser receiver; 7, third laser emitter; 8, fourth laser emitter; 9, gantry; 10, base; 11, first support plate; 12, motor; 13, second support plate; 14, telescopic rod; 15, first guide rail; 16, first lead screw; 17, third support plate; 18, second guide rail; 19, second lead screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0089] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, this solution is described below through a specific implementation method.

[0090] This embodiment is a method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface, comprising the following steps:

[0091] Step 1: Evenly set the part of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 to be measured with easy-to-remove reflective materials;

[0092] Step 2: Locate the vertical line of the center of the three-dimensional sphere 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, specifically:

[0093] Step 2.1: Setting a first laser transmitter 2, a first laser receiver 3 and a control terminal, wherein the first laser transmitter 2 and the first laser receiver are connected to the control terminal by signals;

[0094] The first laser emitter 2 emits laser vertically downward, and the first laser receiving element 3 is arranged around the first laser emitter 2;

[0095] The diffusion angle of the light beam emitted by the first laser emitter 2 is 2-3°;

[0096] The center line of the light beam emitted by the first laser emitter 2 is set as the zero point in the X direction and the Y direction;

[0097] Step 2.2: Setting a support mechanism 4, wherein the support mechanism 4 supports the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0098] Step 2.3: Turn on the first laser emitter 2, and move the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 horizontally, so that the first laser receiving element 3 receives the reflected light from the three-dimensional spherical surface 1, and when the first laser emitter 2 is located at the center of the diffused light spot, the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 is located at the set vertical line;

[0099] Step 3: Measure the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, specifically:

[0100] Step 3.1: Set up a second laser emitter 5 and a second laser receiver 6, the second laser emitter 5 and the second laser receiver are connected to the control terminal by signal, and the second laser emitter 5 is located obliquely above the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0101] The second laser emitter 5 is provided with a rotation axis, and the rotation axis of the second laser emitter 5 and the laser emitted by the second laser emitter 5 are perpendicular to each other and are located in the same plane;

[0102] The laser emitted by the second laser emitter 5 is always located in the same plane as the vertical line of the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0103] The second laser receiving element 6 is located above and on both sides of the three-dimensional spherical surface;

[0104] Step 3.2: Turn on the first laser emitter 2 and the second laser emitter 5, the second laser emitter 5 irradiates the center of the light spot formed by the first laser emitter 2 on the three-dimensional spherical surface 1, and the second laser receiving element 6 receives the reflected laser of the second laser emitter 5;

[0105] Step 3.3: Calculate the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 from the height of the rotation axis of the second laser emitter 5, the height of the receiving point of the second laser receiver 6, the horizontal distance between the rotation axis of the second laser emitter 5 and the emission point of the first laser emitter 2, and the horizontal distance between the receiving point of the second laser receiver and the emission point of the first laser emitter 2;

[0106] Step 4: If necessary, measure the radius of the three-dimensional sphere 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, specifically:

[0107] Step 4.1: Set up a third laser emitter 7, the third laser emitter 7 signal is connected to the control terminal, the third laser emitter 7 is close to the first laser emitter 2, and the third laser emitter 7 emits vertically downward;

[0108] Step 4.2: Turn on the third laser emitter 7, the light emitted by the third laser emitter 7 is reflected by the three-dimensional spherical surface 1, and is received by the second laser receiving element 6;

[0109] Step 4.3: The control terminal sets a calculation program of the trigonometric function equations to calculate the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 based on the position of the light spot emitted by the third laser emitter 7 received by the second laser receiving element 6, the emission point position of the third laser emitter 7, the emission point position of the first laser emitter 2 and the top position of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0110] Step 5: Measure the spatial coordinates of the local contour distribution points of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1, such as Figure 4 , as shown in 5, specifically:

[0111] Step 5.1: Set the approximate accuracy requirement of the local contour of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0112] Step 5.2: Based on the above approximate accuracy requirements, set the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 as the pole, and set the longitude accuracy requirements and latitude accuracy requirements of the sampling points of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0113] Step 5.3: Set the set latitude lines, and use the latitude lines to divide the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 from the top to the bottom of the sphere into a number of latitude zones;

[0114] Filling the portion outside the outline of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 with a light-absorbing material to prevent light from passing through the missing portion of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 from outside the outline;

[0115] Step 5.4: Each latitude band divided by the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 corresponds to the second laser emitter 5 or is provided with a fourth laser emitter 8, and the fourth laser emitter 8 is respectively located obliquely above, on the side and obliquely below the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0116] The fourth laser transmitter 8 is connected to the control terminal by signal;

[0117] The fourth laser emitter 8 is provided with a rotation axis, and the rotation axis of the fourth laser emitter 8 and the laser emitted by the fourth laser emitter 8 are perpendicular to each other and are located in the same plane;

[0118] The laser emitted by the fourth laser emitter 8 is always located in the same plane as the vertical line of the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0119] At this time, the second laser emitter 5 and the fourth laser emitter 8 are turned on, and if the point of the irradiated three-dimensional spherical surface 1 has a reflective material, the second laser receiving element 6 receives the reflected light;

[0120] At this time, with the center of the three-dimensional sphere 1 as the vertex, the midpoint of the rotation axis of the second laser emitter 5 or the fourth laser emitter 8 is located on one side, and the reflected light receiving point of the second laser receiving element 6 is located on the other side to form an angle;

[0121] The intersection of the bisector of the above angle and the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 is the irradiation point of the second laser emitter 5 or the fourth laser emitter 8;

[0122] Thus, the dimensional coordinates of the irradiation point on the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 are determined by the midpoint of the rotation axis of the fourth laser transmitter 8, the laser light spot of the second laser receiver 6, the center position of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 and the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0123] Step 5.5: Turn on the second laser emitter 5 and the fourth laser emitter 8, and the second laser emitter 5 or the fourth laser emitter 8 illuminates the lowest or highest latitude line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1;

[0124] The support mechanism 4 is made to rotate around the vertical line where the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 is located, and the support mechanism 4 is connected to the control terminal by a signal and sends a rotation angle signal to the control terminal;

[0125] The longitude coordinates of the irradiation point are determined by the rotation angle signal of the support mechanism 4;

[0126] The control terminal is provided with a program for calculating the coordinates of the irradiation points of the second laser emitter 5 and the fourth laser emitter 8;

[0127] The second laser receiving element 6 records the change information and the longitude coordinate information each time it changes from being able to receive reflected light to being unable to receive reflected light and each time it changes from being unable to receive reflected light to being able to receive reflected light;

[0128] When the support mechanism 4 completes one rotation, according to the set dimensional accuracy requirement, the irradiation point of the second laser emitter 5 or the fourth laser emitter 8 moves the set dimension to another dimensional line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1, and records it;

[0129] The supporting mechanism 4 rotates again, and the change information and longitude coordinate information are recorded again;

[0130] Every time the support mechanism 4 completes a rotation, the irradiation point of the second laser emitter 5 or the fourth laser emitter 8 moves a set distance toward another dimension line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1, and the support mechanism 4 rotates again to record the change information and longitude coordinate information;

[0131] Until the second laser emitter 5 or the fourth laser emitter 8 irradiates another latitude line of the corresponding latitude band, the support mechanism 4 completes the last rotation, and the change information and longitude coordinate information are recorded;

[0132] At this point, the coordinates of the simulation points located at the contour line of the latitude band corresponding to the fourth laser transmitter 8 that meet the accuracy requirements are obtained;

[0133] The coordinates of the simulated points in all latitude bands are summarized as the coordinates of the simulated points whose contour lines of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 meet the accuracy requirements;

[0134] Step 6: Calculate the area from the simulated point coordinates, specifically:

[0135] Step 6.1: Divide the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 into a set number of latitude bands according to each measurement dimension in step 5.5;

[0136] Step 6.2: Calculate the area of ​​each latitude band set in step 6.1, calculate the width of the latitude band by the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 and the difference between the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, calculate the length of the latitude band by the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 and the average value of the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, and calculate the area of ​​the latitude band by the width and length;

[0137] Step 6.3: Calculate the length ratio of the latitude band contour from the average longitude of the upper and lower latitude line contour simulation points of the latitude band in step 6.1, and calculate the area of ​​the latitude band contour from the length ratio and the area of ​​the latitude band;

[0138] Step 6.4: Add the areas obtained in step 6.3 to obtain the local contour area of ​​the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 that meets the accuracy requirements;

[0139] The control terminal is provided with the above-mentioned area calculation program.

[0140] Among them, Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the support mechanism 4 includes a base 10, a horizontal position adjustment platform is arranged on the upper surface of the base 10, and the horizontal position adjustment platform includes a first support plate 11, a motor 12 is arranged on the upper surface of the first support plate 11, and a second support plate 13 is connected to the top of the motor 12, and three telescopic rods 14 are arranged on the upper surface of the second support plate 13;

[0141] The telescopic rod 14 supports the three-dimensional spherical surface 1 .

[0142] Furthermore, the horizontal position adjustment platform further includes a first guide rail 15 and a first lead screw 16, and the first guide rail 15 and the first lead screw 16 are disposed on the base 10;

[0143] The first guide rail 15 and the first lead screw 16 are movably connected to a third support plate 17, a second guide rail 18 and a second lead screw 19 are arranged on the upper surface of the third support plate 17, and the second guide rail 18 and the second lead screw 19 are movably connected to the first support plate 11;

[0144] The second guide rail 18 and the second lead screw 19 are arranged perpendicular to the first guide rail 15 and the first lead screw 16 .

[0145] Furthermore, the base 10 is provided with a gantry 9 , a first laser emitter 2 is provided at the center of the top of the gantry 9 , and a third laser emitter 7 is provided at the top of the gantry 9 .

[0146] Further, the second laser emitter 5 is arranged on the top of the gantry 9;

[0147] The remaining fourth laser emitters 8 are respectively arranged on the top of the gantry 9, the side of the gantry 9 and the base 10.

[0148] Furthermore, the base 10 is provided with at least two gantries 9, the tops of the gantries 9 are crossed and the center positions coincide with each other.

[0149] Furthermore, the second laser receiving element 6 is disposed on the top and side of the gantry 9 .

[0150] Further, the first laser receiver 3 and the second laser receiver 6 disposed near the first laser emitter 2 and the third laser emitter 7 are capable of penetrating the laser, and the first laser emitter 2 and the third laser emitter 7 are located above the first laser receiver 3 and the second laser receiver 6, respectively;

[0151] The first lead screw 16, the second lead screw 19 and the telescopic rod are all provided with handles, and the horizontal movement of the support mechanism and the telescopic adjustment of the telescopic rod are manually adjusted by the staff.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Evenly set the part of the three-dimensional spherical surface to be measured with an easily removable reflective material; Step 2: Locate the vertical line where the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located, set a first light beam pointing vertically downward, and when the emitting light source falls on the center of the reflected light spot, the vertical line where the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located coincides with the emitting light beam; Step 3: measuring the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface, emitting a beam of laser light as a second light from the side of the three-dimensional spherical surface to illuminate the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface reflects the light beam to a point of known height; The height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface is obtained from the height of the emitting laser source and the horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface, as well as the height of the position irradiated by the reflected light and the horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 4: Measure the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface, set the vertically downward laser as the third light, the third light illuminates the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the reflected light illuminates the known height; Obtaining the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface from the height of the reflected light irradiation point and the horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface, the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the horizontal distance from the third light emitting point to the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 5: Measure the spatial coordinates of the local contour distribution points of the three-dimensional spherical surface, rotate the support mechanism around the vertical line where the center of the sphere is located, and record its rotation angle, set a number of lasers as the fourth light to illuminate the three-dimensional spherical surface, and each time the support mechanism turns a circle, the fourth light swings around the known point in the plane where the first light is located to illuminate another dimension of the three-dimensional spherical surface; If the fourth light irradiates the three-dimensional spherical surface, the reflected light from the reflection point irradiates a horizontal position of a known height, or irradiates a vertical position of a known horizontal distance from the highest point of the three-dimensional spherical surface; The position of the reflection point is obtained according to the position of the axis of rotation of the fourth light ray, the position of the reflected light irradiation point, and the radius and the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface; The positions of the reflection points constitute the positions of the points included in the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 6: Calculate the area by the coordinates of the simulated points, and extract the data of the points at the positions of the three-dimensional spherical contours through the position data of the reflected light irradiation points obtained in step 5; According to the data of the contour position points, the local contour area of ​​the three-dimensional spherical surface is calculated, specifically: Latitude lines are set on a three-dimensional spherical surface, and the three-dimensional spherical surface is divided into a plurality of latitude bands from the top to the bottom of the sphere by the latitude lines; the area of ​​each latitude band is calculated, the width of the latitude band is calculated by the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface and the difference between the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, the length of the latitude band is calculated by the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface and the average value of the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, and the area of ​​the latitude band is calculated by the width and length; Calculate the length ratio of the latitude band contour from the average longitude values ​​of the upper and lower latitude line contour simulation points of the latitude band, and calculate the area of ​​the latitude band contour from the length ratio and the area of ​​the latitude band; Adding the obtained areas together is the local contour area of ​​the three-dimensional spherical surface that meets the accuracy requirements; The control terminal is provided with the above-mentioned area calculation program.

2. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2 is as follows: Step 2.1: Setting a first laser transmitter, a first laser receiver and a control terminal, wherein the first laser transmitter and the first laser receiver are connected to the control terminal by signals; The first laser transmitter emits laser vertically downward, and the first laser receiving element is arranged around the first laser transmitter; The diffusion angle of the light beam emitted by the first laser emitter is 2-3°; The center line of the light beam emitted by the first laser emitter is set as the zero point in the X direction and the Y direction; Step 2.2: Setting a support mechanism, wherein the support mechanism supports the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 2.3: Turn on the first laser emitter and move the three-dimensional spherical surface horizontally so that the first laser receiving element receives the reflected light from the three-dimensional spherical surface, and when the first laser emitter is located in the center of the diffused light spot, the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located on the set vertical line.

3. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 3 is as follows: Step 3.1: Setting a second laser transmitter and a second laser receiver, wherein the second laser transmitter and the second laser receiver are connected to the control terminal by signals, and the second laser transmitter is located obliquely above the three-dimensional spherical surface; The second laser emitter is provided with a rotation axis, and the rotation axis of the second laser emitter and the laser emitted by the second laser emitter are perpendicular to each other and are located in the same plane; The laser emitted by the second laser emitter is always located in the same plane as the perpendicular line of the center of the three-dimensional sphere; The second laser receiving element is located above and on both sides of the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 3.2: Turn on the first laser emitter and the second laser emitter, the second laser emitter irradiates the center of the light spot formed by the first laser emitter on the three-dimensional spherical surface, and the second laser receiving element receives the reflected laser of the second laser emitter; Step 3.3: Calculate the height of the top of the three-dimensional spherical surface based on the height of the second laser emitter's rotation axis, the height of the second laser receiver's receiving point, the horizontal distance between the second laser emitter's rotation axis and the first laser emitter's emitting point, and the horizontal distance between the second laser receiver's receiving point and the first laser emitter's emitting point.

4. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step 4 is as follows: Step 4.1: Setting a third laser emitter, wherein the third laser emitter signal is connected to the control terminal, the third laser emitter is close to the first laser emitter, and the third laser emitter emits vertically downward; Step 4.2: Turning on the third laser transmitter, the light emitted by the third laser transmitter is reflected by the three-dimensional spherical surface and received by the second laser receiving element; Step 4.3: The position of the light spot emitted by the third laser emitter received by the second laser receiving element, the emission point position of the third laser emitter, the emission point position of the first laser emitter and the top position of the three-dimensional sphere can be used to obtain the radius of the three-dimensional sphere by a trigonometric function equation group; The control terminal sets a calculation program for the trigonometric function equation group.

5. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step 5 is as follows: Step 5.1: Setting the approximate accuracy requirement of the local contour of the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 5.2: According to the above approximate accuracy requirements, the top of the three-dimensional sphere is set as the pole, and the longitude accuracy requirements and dimensional accuracy requirements of the three-dimensional spherical sampling points are set; Step 5.3: setting a set latitude line, and using the latitude line to divide the three-dimensional spherical surface from the top to the bottom of the sphere into a plurality of latitude zones; Filling the portion outside the outline of the three-dimensional spherical surface with a light-absorbing material to prevent light from passing through the missing portion of the three-dimensional spherical surface from outside the outline; Step 5.4: A fourth laser transmitter is provided corresponding to each latitude zone divided out of the three-dimensional spherical surface, and a corresponding third laser receiver is provided in conjunction with the fourth laser transmitter; Each latitude zone divided by the three-dimensional spherical surface corresponds to the second laser emitter or is provided with a fourth laser emitter, and the fourth laser emitter is respectively located obliquely above, on the side and obliquely below the three-dimensional spherical surface; The fourth laser transmitter signal is connected to the control terminal; The fourth laser emitter is provided with a rotation axis, and the rotation axis of the fourth laser emitter and the laser emitted by the fourth laser emitter are perpendicular to each other and are located in the same plane; The laser emitted by the fourth laser emitter is always located in the same plane as the perpendicular line of the center of the three-dimensional sphere; At this time, the fourth laser emitter is turned on, and if the irradiated point of the three-dimensional spherical surface has a reflective material, the second laser receiving element receives the reflected light; At this time, with the center of the three-dimensional sphere as the vertex, the midpoint of the rotation axis of the fourth laser transmitter is located on one side, and the reflected light receiving point of the second laser receiving element is located on the other side to form an angle; The intersection point of the bisector of the above angle and the three-dimensional spherical surface is the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter; Thus, the dimensional coordinates of the irradiation point on the three-dimensional spherical surface are determined by the midpoint of the rotation axis of the fourth laser transmitter, the laser light spot of the second laser receiving element, the center position of the three-dimensional spherical surface and the radius of the three-dimensional spherical surface; Step 5.5: Turn on the fourth laser emitter, and the fourth laser emitter illuminates the lowest or highest latitude line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional sphere; The support mechanism is caused to rotate around the perpendicular line where the center of the three-dimensional spherical surface is located, and the support mechanism signal is connected to the control terminal and sends a rotation angle signal to the control terminal; The longitude coordinates of the irradiation point are determined by the rotation angle signal of the support mechanism; The control terminal is provided with a program for calculating the coordinates of the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter; Each time the second laser receiving element changes from being able to receive reflected light to being unable to receive reflected light, and each time it changes from being unable to receive reflected light to being able to receive reflected light, the change information and the longitude coordinate information are recorded; When the support mechanism completes one rotation, the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter moves by a set dimension toward another dimensional line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional sphere according to the set dimensional accuracy requirement, and records the movement; The support mechanism rotates again, and records the change information and longitude coordinate information again; Every time the support mechanism completes a rotation, the irradiation point of the fourth laser emitter moves a set distance toward another dimension line of the corresponding latitude band of the three-dimensional sphere, and the support mechanism rotates again to record the change information and longitude coordinate information; Until the fourth laser emitter irradiates another latitude line of the corresponding latitude band, the support mechanism completes the last rotation, and records the change information and longitude coordinate information; At this point, the coordinates of the simulated points whose contour lines meet the accuracy requirements and are located in the latitude band corresponding to the fourth laser transmitter are obtained; The coordinates of the simulated points in all latitude bands are summarized as the coordinates of the simulated points whose contour lines meet the accuracy requirements of the three-dimensional spherical surface.

6. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 6 is as follows: Step 6.1: Divide the three-dimensional spherical surface into a set number of latitude bands according to each measurement dimension in step 5.5; Step 6.2: Calculate the area of ​​each latitude band set in step 6.1, calculate the width of the latitude band by the three-dimensional spherical radius and the difference between the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, calculate the length of the latitude band by the three-dimensional spherical radius and the average value of the upper and lower dimensions of the latitude band, and calculate the area of ​​the latitude band by the width and length; Step 6.3: Calculate the length ratio of the latitude band contour from the average longitude of the upper and lower latitude line contour simulation points of the latitude band in step 6.1, and calculate the area of ​​the latitude band contour from the length ratio and the area of ​​the latitude band; Step 6.4: Add the areas obtained in step 6.3 to obtain the local contour area of ​​the three-dimensional spherical surface that meets the accuracy requirements; The control terminal is provided with the above-mentioned area calculation program.

7. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support mechanism comprises a base, a horizontal position adjustment platform is arranged on the upper surface of the base, the horizontal position adjustment platform comprises a first support plate, a motor is arranged on the upper surface of the first support plate, a second support plate is connected to the top of the motor in a transmission manner, and three telescopic rods are arranged on the upper surface of the second support plate; The telescopic rod supports the three-dimensional spherical surface.

8. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The horizontal position adjustment platform further includes a first guide rail and a first lead screw, wherein the first guide rail and the first lead screw are arranged on the base; The first guide rail and the first lead screw are movably connected to a third support plate, a second guide rail and a second lead screw are arranged on the upper surface of the third support plate, and the second guide rail and the second lead screw are movably connected to the first support plate; The second guide rail and the second lead screw are arranged perpendicular to the first guide rail and the first lead screw.

9. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The base is provided with a gantry, the first laser emitter is provided at the center of the top of the gantry, and the third laser emitter is provided at the top of the gantry; The second laser emitter is arranged on the top of the gantry; The remaining fourth laser emitters are respectively arranged on the top of the gantry, the side of the gantry and the base; The base is provided with at least two gantries, the tops of the gantries are crossed and the center positions coincide with each other; The second laser receiving element is arranged on the top and side of the gantry.

10. A method for measuring the local contour area of ​​a three-dimensional spherical surface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first laser receiving element disposed near the first laser transmitter and the third laser transmitter is capable of penetrating laser light; The first laser transmitter and the third laser transmitter are both located above the first laser receiver and the second laser receiver.

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