An automatic glue scraping device and method suitable for composite gas cylinders

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of automatic glue scraping device and method suitable for composite gas cylinder, comprising: hot air circulation mechanism, air knife group mechanism and glue scraping adjusting mechanism, the heat in pre-curing furnace is absorbed by high-pressure fan as circulating gas for removing the surface glue of composite gas cylinder by the hot air circulation mechanism;Air supply pipeline in the hot air circulation mechanism is connected with air knife by air knife connection hose, and the air knife of air knife group mechanism is adjusted by the glue scraping adjusting mechanism, i.e. the glue scraping parameters of linear air knife and profiled air knife, in the process of gas cylinder curing, excess glue is automatically removed, which is penetrated to the surface of bottle body, to avoid the generation of surface defects such as bubble, cavity, etc., and automatic glue scraping is realized by circulating gas, which not only saves energy, but also reduces production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machinery and electronics, and in particular to an automatic glue scraping device and method suitable for composite gas cylinders. Background Art

[0002] The pressure vessel is a fully wrapped carbon fiber composite gas cylinder. After wrapping, the resin, curing agent and other compositions of the wrapping layer need to be heated and dried so that the wrapping layer can be cured to achieve the ultimate pressure-bearing capacity of the gas cylinder. However, during the curing process of the gas cylinder, as the temperature rises, the resin in the wrapping layer will gradually have excess glue seeping into the surface of the cylinder body, causing bubbles and voids on the surface of the gas cylinder, thereby affecting the quality of the product. Therefore, during the curing process, the excess glue on the surface needs to be removed, and currently most of the processes are done manually. However, with the increasing degree of production automation, manual handling of this process will bring more inconvenience and unsafety. For gas cylinders with a large amount of glue, the number of times of scraping glue needs to be increased until the glue on the surface of the gas cylinder is uniform. Since glue will continuously seep out of the surface during the curing process, it is necessary to open the furnace door multiple times during the curing process to repeat the above actions, causing heat diffusion. In the automated process of the production workshop, manual operation is not possible. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the deficiencies of existing technologies and achieve the technical effects that this technology can bring, the excess glue that seeps onto the surface of the cylinder during the solidification process of the gas cylinder is automatically removed, thus avoiding the generation of surface defects such as bubbles and voids, and significantly improving product quality. In addition, the circulating hot air in the pre-curing furnace is directly diverted into the pipeline gas circulation system to blow away the glue that has just seeped out, thereby preventing the glue from further flowing and solidifying. This design not only saves energy and reduces production costs, but also avoids the loss of heat energy caused by frequently opening the furnace door. In addition, the automated workshop without manual operation realizes the automated processing of the de-glueing liquid, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers, improving production efficiency, and eliminating the safety hazards caused by manual operation.

[0004] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are:

[0005] An automatic glue scraping device suitable for composite gas cylinders, characterized by comprising: a hot air circulation mechanism, an air knife group mechanism, and a glue scraping adjustment mechanism, wherein the hot air circulation mechanism absorbs heat in a pre-curing furnace through a high-pressure blower as circulating air for removing glue liquid from the surface of the composite gas cylinder;

[0006] Specifically, the pre-curing furnace utilizes electric heating and hot air circulation. The heating section, comprised of an electric heater and located at the top of the furnace, is joined by a high-pressure blower, an adjustable air supply port, an air supply chamber, a return air chamber, a rectifier plate, a return air port, and a circulating blower, forming a hot air circulation mechanism. The circulating air, after exchanging heat with the heat exchanger in the circulating blower, enters the pre-curing furnace to maintain the temperature. The air is then transported through the return air port to the high-pressure blower and into the distribution pipe. Each cycle heats the air until it reaches the required temperature. The heating section can also be turned off.

[0007] The air supply duct in the hot air circulation mechanism is connected to the air outlet knife through an air knife connecting hose, and the scraping parameters of the air outlet knife in the air knife group mechanism, namely the scraping parameters of the linear air knife and the contour air knife, are adjusted through the scraping adjustment mechanism.

[0008] Specifically, the adjustment of scraping parameters is mainly achieved by adjusting the angles of the linear air knife adjustment fixture and the contour air knife adjustment fixture to adapt to composite gas cylinders of different diameters.

[0009] Exemplarily, the air knife assembly mechanism further includes a linear air knife fixing bracket, an air knife connecting hose, and a main rotating shaft, and the main rotating shaft operates the composite gas cylinder at a set rotation speed.

[0010] Specifically, the air knife group mechanism is connected by the air outlet knife and the air knife connecting hose in the hot air circulation mechanism; the tooling rod connecting the composite gas cylinder is pre-installed at both ends of the gas cylinder, which is divided into the front tooling rod and the rear tooling rod, and is connected to the main rotating shaft on the power side. When the motor is running, the tooling rod can be driven to rotate.

[0011] The hot air circulation mechanism also includes an air supply duct and a single-layer air supply pipeline, wherein the air supply duct branches out into a plurality of the single-layer air supply pipelines, which are finally connected to the air knife by the air knife connecting hose and the air knife and fixed on the linear air knife fixing frame.

[0012] The scraping adjustment mechanism also includes a wind knife adjustment fixture, a tooling rod, an electric proportional valve, a wind knife air inlet valve, a guide rail mechanism, and a tail end movable frame. The wind knife adjustment fixture is divided into a linear wind knife adjustment fixture and a contour wind knife adjustment fixture. The linear wind knife adjustment fixture is arranged on the linear wind knife fixed bracket, and the contour wind knife adjustment fixture is arranged on the tail end movable frame.

[0013] Specifically, the wind knife adjustment fixture includes a linear wind knife adjustment fixture and a contour wind knife adjustment fixture, which respectively fix the linear wind knife fixing bracket, and the contour wind knife adjustment fixture is arranged on the tail end movable frame.

[0014] Exemplarily, the air knife air inlet valve and the electric proportional valve are used to control the output time, output pressure and output frequency of the circulating air in the scraping parameters.

[0015] Exemplarily, a spline is designed on the main rotating shaft, and a spline that meshes with each other is designed on the corresponding front-end tooling rod.

[0016] Exemplarily, the linear air knife and the contoured air knife are respectively adjusted to adjust the scraping angles of composite gas cylinders with different diameters through the corresponding linear air knife adjustment fixture and the contoured air knife adjustment fixture.

[0017] Exemplarily, the guide rail mechanism includes a lower guide rail, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail slide, and an upper guide rail slider, and the lower guide rail is connected to the tail end moving frame through the lower guide rail slide.

[0018] Specifically, the tail end movable frame is adjusted to move left and right through the slides on the upper and lower guide rails, and the moving length is selected according to the length of the product.

[0019] Exemplarily, the scraping point of the air outlet knife and the speed of the tooling rod are controlled by a frequency conversion controller and a frequency conversion electrical appliance.

[0020] Exemplarily, the air supply duct is wrapped with an insulation layer to reduce heat loss of the circulating air.

[0021] Specifically, the hot air normally circulating in the pre-curing furnace is sucked into the air supply duct through the high-pressure fan at the top of the furnace. The air supply duct is wrapped with an insulation layer to prevent heat loss, ensuring that the hot air flowing into the pre-curing furnace does not affect the temperature balance in the furnace; the hot air in the pre-curing furnace is diverted to three single-layer air supply pipes through the air supply duct and finally sent into the pre-curing furnace after being heated by a circulating fan equipped with a heat exchanger, thereby cyclically utilizing the heat in the pre-curing furnace. Each single-layer air supply duct is equipped with an electric proportional valve at the air outlet to adjust the output pressure of the circulating gas entering each single-layer air supply duct; the air supply duct in each precuring furnace is arranged near the inner wall of the precuring furnace chamber, and each single-layer air supply duct is reserved with multiple air outlets connected to multiple linear air knives and contoured air knives through connecting hoses, so as to blow air to both ends and the cylindrical part of the composite gas cylinder to achieve the scraping action, and an air knife air inlet valve is installed at each air supply duct. This valve can be closed for the position where blowing and scraping of glue is not required, so that the glue blowing points can be opened according to the length of different gas cylinders.

[0022] Exemplarily, the scraping adjustment mechanism is also responsible for monitoring the operating status of the high-pressure blower. If a fault is detected, protective measures are initiated, including alarm and shutdown.

[0023] The present invention also provides an automatic scraping method for composite gas cylinders, characterized in that the method is applicable to any exemplary device in the above device claims, and the method includes assembling a hot air circulation control unit, an air knife group control unit and a scraping adjustment control unit to control the scraping parameters.

[0024] The hot air circulation control unit is used to transport the gas in the pre-curing furnace in the form of circulating gas through the high-pressure blower to complete the scraping, wherein the hot air circulation control unit is also used to control the output time, output pressure, output frequency and output temperature of the circulating gas;

[0025] The air knife group control unit is used to apply the circulating air delivered by the high-pressure blower to the surface of the composite gas cylinder to achieve the purpose of automatic scraping, wherein the air knife group unit is also used to control the scraping point of the air knife and the speed of the tooling rod;

[0026] The scraping adjustment control unit is used to control the scraping angle of the air knife, wherein the scraping adjustment control unit is also used to adjust the relative positions of the air knife adjustment fixture, the guide rail mechanism, and the tail end movable frame to adapt to the scraping angles of composite gas cylinders of different sizes.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: this technology can automatically remove excess glue that seeps onto the surface of the cylinder during the solidification process of the gas cylinder, thus avoiding the generation of surface defects such as bubbles and voids, significantly improving product quality, and utilizing the circulating hot air in the pre-curing furnace to directly divert it into the pipeline gas circulation system, which can blow away the glue that has just seeped out, thereby preventing the glue from further flowing and solidifying. This design not only saves energy and reduces production costs, but also avoids the loss of heat energy caused by frequent opening of the furnace door. In addition, the automated workshop without manual operation realizes the automated processing of the de-glueing liquid, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers, improving production efficiency, and also eliminating the safety hazards caused by manual operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the automatic glue scraping device structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic side view of the structure of the automatic scraping device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic top view of the structure of the automatic scraping device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main rotating shaft structure in the automatic scraping device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the tail top structure in the automatic scraping device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of control scraping parameters of the automatic scraping method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to distinguish the description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] High-pressure blower 1; air supply duct 2; electric proportional valve 3; single-layer air supply duct 4; linear air knife 5; linear air knife adjustment fixture 6; tail end tooling rod 8; tail top 9; robot grasping position 10; front end tooling rod 11; main rotating shaft 12; cam bolt roller bearing 13; tooling rod bracket 14; lower guide rail slide 15; lower guide rail 16; upper guide rail 17; linear air knife fixing bracket 18; upper guide rail slider 19; tail end movable frame 20; air knife air inlet valve 21; air knife connecting hose 22; contour air knife adjustment fixture 23; contour air knife 24; bottle shoulder blowing outlet 25; first section air outlet 26; second section air outlet 27; third section air outlet 28.

[0037] The first aspect of the present invention relates to an automatic scraping device suitable for composite gas cylinders. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a hot air circulation mechanism, an air knife group mechanism, and a scraping adjustment mechanism. The hot air circulation mechanism absorbs the heat in the pre-curing furnace through a high-pressure blower as circulating air to remove the surface glue of the composite gas cylinder;

[0038] The air supply duct 2 in the hot air circulation mechanism is connected to the air outlet knife through the air knife connecting hose 22, and the scraping parameters of the air outlet knife in the air knife group mechanism, that is, the scraping parameters of the linear air knife 5 and the contoured air knife 24, are adjusted through the scraping adjustment mechanism.

[0039] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3In order to facilitate the display of the schematic top view of the structure, the composition of some components of the hot air circulation mechanism has been removed. Before starting the scraping, loading preparation is required, and the tail end moving frame 20 is adjusted to move left and right through the upper guide rail 17 and the lower guide rail slide 18. The moving length is selected according to the length of the product. The composite gas cylinder to be processed is transported to the composite gas cylinder scraping bracket by a forklift and a robot, and the front end tooling rod 11 and the tail end tooling rod 8 of the composite gas cylinder are dropped into the U-shaped groove of the tooling rod bracket 14. The cam bolt roller bearing 13 is fixed on the side of the tooling bracket 14, so that the cam bolt roller bearing 13 is in direct contact with the tooling rod, which is beneficial to reduce the friction caused by subsequent rotation. Start the program and set the front end tooling rod 11 on the power side to rotate at a low speed, and wait for the spline of the front end tooling rod 11 of the composite gas cylinder and the spline of the main rotating shaft 12 to engage with each other (such as Figure 4 As shown), the tail end tooling rod 8 of the composite gas cylinder is aligned with the tail top 9 on the moving side (as shown Figure 5 As shown in the figure), the tightening cylinder can be started for pre-tightening. After tightening the workpiece, the tooling rod is automatically locked. After the automatic scraping device receives the clamping signal, it confirms that the loading is completed, and the loading of composite gas cylinders on other layers is completed in turn.

[0040] The air knife assembly mechanism further includes a linear air knife fixing bracket 18, an air knife connecting hose 22, and a main rotating shaft 12. The main rotating shaft 12 operates the composite gas cylinder at a set speed.

[0041] The hot air circulation mechanism also includes an air supply duct 2 and a single-layer air supply pipeline 4, wherein the air supply duct 2 branches out into a plurality of the single-layer air supply pipelines 4, which are finally connected to the air outlet knife by the air knife connecting hose 22 and the air knife and fixed on the linear air knife fixing frame 18.

[0042] The scraping adjustment mechanism also includes a wind knife adjustment fixture, a tooling rod bracket 14, an electric proportional valve 3, a wind knife air inlet valve 21, a guide rail mechanism, and a tail end movable frame 20. The wind knife adjustment fixture is divided into a linear wind knife adjustment fixture 6 and a contour wind knife adjustment fixture 23. The linear wind knife adjustment fixture 6 is arranged on the linear wind knife fixed bracket 18, and the contour wind knife adjustment fixture 23 is arranged on the tail end movable frame 20.

[0043] Specifically, the circulating air in the pre-curing furnace is sucked into the air supply duct 2 through the furnace top high-pressure fan 1. The air supply duct 2 is wrapped with an insulation layer to prevent heat loss, ensuring that the circulating air flowing into the furnace minimizes the impact on the temperature balance in the furnace; the hot air in the pre-curing furnace is divided into three single-layer air supply pipes 4 through the air supply duct 2 to send the hot air into the air outlet, that is, Figure 3 The first section air outlet 26 , the second section air outlet 27 , the third section air outlet 28 and the bottle shoulder blowing outlet 25 are shown.

[0044] Each single-layer air supply pipeline 4 is provided with a set of electric proportional valves 3 for adjusting the amount of hot air entering each route; each single-layer air supply pipeline 4 reserves multiple air outlets, which are connected to multiple linear air knives 5 and contoured air knives 24 through air knife connecting hoses 22, so as to blow air to the shoulders and cylinder parts at both ends of the composite gas cylinder to achieve the scraping action, and an air knife air inlet valve 21 is installed at the air knife connecting hose 22 of each air outlet. This valve can be closed for the position where blowing and scraping are not required, and the scraping point can be opened according to different gas cylinder lengths; the contoured air knives 24 at both ends are arranged on the front tooling rod bracket 14 and the tail end movable frame 20 for easy adjustment.

[0045] The present invention also provides an automatic scraping method for composite gas cylinders, characterized in that the method is applicable to any exemplary device in the above device claims, and the method includes assembling a hot air circulation control unit, an air knife group control unit, and a scraping adjustment control unit to control scraping parameters;

[0046] The hot air circulation control unit is used to transport the gas in the pre-curing furnace in the form of circulating gas through the high-pressure blower to complete the scraping, wherein the hot air circulation control unit is also used to control the output time, output pressure, output frequency and output temperature of the circulating gas;

[0047] The air knife group control unit is used to apply the circulating air delivered by the high-pressure blower to the surface of the composite gas cylinder to achieve the purpose of automatic scraping, wherein the air knife group unit is also used to control the scraping point of the air knife and the speed of the tooling rod;

[0048] The scraping adjustment control unit is used to control the scraping angle of the air knife, wherein the scraping adjustment control unit is also used to adjust the relative positions of the air knife adjustment fixture, the guide rail mechanism, and the tail end movable frame to adapt to the scraping angles of composite gas cylinders of different sizes.

[0049] Specifically, after the scraping device is turned on, pre-curing operations are performed according to the process requirements of the composite gas cylinder, including heating, rotation speed adjustment, and angle setting of the air knife (the relative positions of the linear air knife adjustment fixture 6, the contoured air knife adjustment fixture 23, the lower guide rail slide 15, the lower guide rail 16, the upper guide rail 17, the upper guide rail slider 19, and the tail end movable frame 20 are adjusted through the scraping adjustment control unit to adapt to the size of the composite gas cylinder).

[0050] The air knife group control unit sets the scraping point to be opened and the speed of the composite gas cylinder tooling rod, and sets the heating time and heating temperature through the hot air circulation control unit. For the specific process, see Figure 6 As shown:

[0051] Start heating the circulating gas, set the temperature to T1, and the initial speed to V0 (the glue liquid does not drip at this time); when the temperature reaches T1, start timing. When the time reaches t1, reduce the rotation speed of the composite gas cylinder or increase the rotation speed of the composite gas cylinder by V1, and at the same time start the high-pressure blower 1. During the time period t1-t2, compressed circulating gas P1 is delivered to the composite gas cylinder through the air supply pipe 2, so that the excess glue liquid on the surface of the composite gas cylinder drips into the receiving tray below;

[0052] During the time t2-t3, the pressure of the circulating gas output by the hot air circulation control unit is adjusted to P2. During the time t3-t4, the pressure P3 is adjusted to output the circulating gas of the set pressure and set temperature through the bottle shoulder blowing outlet 25, the first section air outlet 26, the second section air outlet 27, and the third section air outlet 28. During the time t4-t5, the pressure of the circulating gas is adjusted to P4 through the hot air circulation control unit, and insulation begins after the time t5-t6.

[0053] The above-mentioned time, temperature and pressure settings can be completed in one operation, and the relevant scraping parameters can also be changed during the scraping process.

[0054] By using this method, it is possible to adapt to the above-mentioned automatic scraping device and achieve corresponding technical effects.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An automatic scraping device suitable for composite gas cylinders, characterized in that: include: Hot air circulation mechanism, air knife group mechanism and scraping glue adjustment mechanism, the hot air circulation mechanism absorbs the heat in the pre-curing oven through the high-pressure blower as circulating air for removing the surface glue of the composite gas cylinder; The air knife group mechanism includes an air knife connecting hose; the scraping adjustment mechanism also includes an air knife adjustment fixture, a tooling rod bracket, an electric proportional valve, an air knife air inlet valve, a guide rail mechanism, and a tail end movable frame. The air knife adjustment fixture is divided into a linear air knife adjustment fixture and a contour air knife adjustment fixture. The linear air knife adjustment fixture is arranged on the linear air knife fixed bracket, and the contour air knife adjustment fixture is arranged on the tail end movable frame. The hot air circulation mechanism includes an air supply duct and a single-layer air supply duct, wherein the air supply duct branches out into a plurality of the single-layer air supply ducts, each of the single-layer air supply ducts is provided with a set of electric proportional valves and a plurality of air outlets are reserved, and a plurality of linear air knives and contoured air knives are connected through the air knife connecting hose. The air knife air inlet valve is installed at the air knife connecting hose of each air outlet. The air knife air inlet valve can be closed for the position where blowing and scraping glue is not required, so as to realize opening of the scraping glue point according to different gas cylinder lengths; The scraping parameters of the air knife in the air knife assembly mechanism, i.e. the scraping parameters of the linear air knife and the contoured air knife, are adjusted by the scraping adjustment mechanism; The scraping point of the air outlet knife and the speed of the tooling rod are controlled by a frequency conversion controller and a frequency conversion electrical appliance; The pre-curing furnace adopts electric heating and hot air circulation, with an electric heater as a heating element to form a heating section to heat the circulating air, and the heating section is controlled by a switch; The air knife air inlet valve and the electric proportional valve are used to control the output time, output pressure and output frequency of the circulating air in the scraping parameters.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein The air knife assembly mechanism also includes a linear air knife fixing bracket and a main rotating shaft, and the main rotating shaft rotates the composite gas cylinder at a set speed; The single-layer air supply duct is connected to the air knife connecting hose and the air outlet knife and is fixed on the linear air knife fixing frame.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein The main rotating shaft is designed with splines, and the corresponding front end tooling rods are designed with splines that mesh with each other.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The linear air knife and the contoured air knife are adjusted by the corresponding linear air knife adjustment fixture and the contoured air knife adjustment fixture respectively to adjust the scraping angles of composite gas cylinders with different diameters.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein The guide rail mechanism comprises a lower guide rail, an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail slide, and an upper guide rail slider. The lower guide rail is connected to the tail end moving frame through the lower guide rail slide.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein The air supply duct is wrapped with a thermal insulation layer to reduce heat loss of the circulating air.

7. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The scraping adjustment mechanism is also responsible for monitoring the operating status of the high-pressure blower. If a fault is detected, protective measures are initiated, including alarm and shutdown.

8. An automatic scraping method for composite gas cylinders, characterized in that: The method is applicable to any device of claims 1-7, and comprises assembling a hot air circulation control unit, an air knife group control unit and a scraping adjustment control unit to control scraping parameters, wherein: The hot air circulation control unit is used to transport the gas in the pre-curing furnace in the form of circulating gas through the high-pressure blower to complete the scraping of glue, wherein the hot air circulation control unit is also used to control the output time, output pressure, output frequency, and output temperature of the circulating gas; the air knife group control unit is used to act on the circulating gas transported by the high-pressure blower on the surface of the composite gas cylinder to achieve the purpose of automatic scraping of glue, wherein the air knife group unit is also used to control the scraping point of the air outlet knife and the speed of the tooling rod; the scraping adjustment control unit is used to control the scraping angle of the air outlet knife, wherein the scraping adjustment control unit is also used to adjust the relative positions of the air knife adjustment fixture, the guide rail mechanism, and the tail end movable frame to adapt to the scraping angle of composite gas cylinders of different sizes; The scraping glue adjustment control unit also includes a wind knife adjustment fixture, a tooling rod bracket, an electric proportional valve, a wind knife air inlet valve, a guide rail mechanism, and a tail end movable frame. The wind knife adjustment fixture is divided into a linear wind knife adjustment fixture and a contour wind knife adjustment fixture. The linear wind knife adjustment fixture is arranged on the linear wind knife fixed bracket, and the contour wind knife adjustment fixture is arranged on the tail end movable frame.

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