A dust collection and reduction system for comprehensive excavation working surface

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dust collection and reduction system for a comprehensive excavation working surface, including two parts: a cutting head and a tunnel boring machine body. The rear end of the cutting head is fixedly connected to a cutting head rotating shaft, and the cutting head is rotatably installed at the front end of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body through the cutting head rotating shaft; a spraying device for dust reduction is arranged at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body and outside the cutting head; a conveying device for conveying coal blocks is arranged at the lower side of the tunnel boring machine body. The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machines. The present invention is provided with a foam spraying device, and through the mutual cooperation of various parts, a cover-shaped foam dust reduction area is formed at the front of the tunnel boring machine cutting head, and a curtain-shaped dust reduction area is formed at the coal block conveying port by uniform spraying, and the cutting head mining position and the coal block conveying port are dusted, which greatly reduces the harmful dust generated during the coal mining process. The present invention sprays foam at multiple angles during coal mining, which greatly improves the dust reduction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, and in particular to a dust collection and reduction system for a comprehensive excavation working surface. Background Art

[0002] The dust generated when the tunnel boring machine cuts coal and rock accounts for about 90% of the total dust generated in the comprehensive excavation working face. Therefore, effectively controlling the dust hazards in the cutting link of the tunnel boring machine is the top priority of dust prevention work in the comprehensive excavation working face. During the operation of the tunnel boring machine, a large amount of fine dust is generated, which poses a serious threat to the environment and personnel health, and reduces work efficiency. At present, the commonly used dust reduction methods for comprehensive excavation working faces at home and abroad to address the problem of high-concentration dust mainly include spray dust reduction, ventilation dust reduction, coal seam water injection, and foam dust reduction. However, since both dust and separated coal gangue are explosive, ventilation dust reduction and spray dust reduction methods are risky.

[0003] The current coal seam water injection and foam dust reduction methods have been criticized for the difficulty of equipment maintenance, low energy recycling rate and single dust reduction method. At present, the main method to prevent and control the cutting dust of the tunnel boring machine is to spray dust inside and outside the tunnel boring machine. The internal spray is directly sprayed on the cut coal and rock through the nozzle on the tunnel boring machine cutting head to suppress the dust when it is generated. The external spray is sprayed into the dusty air through the nozzle installed outside the tunnel boring machine cutting head to capture the floating dust in the air. However, since most dust is highly hydrophobic and the surface tension of water is large, the capture rate of dust by water spray is low and the capture ability of respirable dust is extremely poor.

[0004] Therefore, developing an efficient and environmentally friendly dust collection and reduction system can not only improve the environmental quality of mining operations, but also achieve the rational use of resources, which is in line with the current strategic needs of green mine development. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a dust collection and reduction system for a comprehensive excavation working surface to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A dust collection and reduction system for a comprehensive excavation working surface comprises a tunnel boring machine body and a cutting head; a cutting head rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cutting head, and the cutting head is rotatably mounted on the front end of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body through the cutting head rotating shaft; a spraying device for dust reduction is arranged at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body and located outside the cutting head; a conveying device for conveying coal blocks is arranged on the lower side of the tunnel boring machine body.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the spraying device includes a mounting sleeve; the mounting sleeve is fixedly mounted on the front end of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body, and the cutting head shaft is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting sleeve; a foam spray nozzle is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve; the foam spray nozzles are evenly and equidistantly mounted on the outside of the mounting sleeve.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention; there are two groups of foam injection nozzles, and the foam injection nozzles are composite nozzles with an aperture of 5 mm and an X-shaped guide groove, and the foam injection nozzles located on the rear side of the cutting head form an angle of forty-five degrees with the horizontal direction; the foam injection nozzles are connected to a supply device, and the other group of foam injection nozzles are equidistantly installed on the lower side of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the supply device includes a foam liquid reservoir; the foam liquid reservoir is fixedly installed at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body and is located on the upper side of the cutting arm; the foam liquid reservoir is fixedly connected to a foam generator; the liquid inlet of the foam generator is fixedly connected to a jet pump, and the end of the jet pump away from the foam generator is fixedly connected to the foam liquid reservoir through a delivery pipe.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a foam outlet pipe is fixedly installed at the liquid outlet of the foam generator; and one end of the foam outlet pipe away from the foam generator is fixedly connected to the foam injection nozzle.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the conveying device includes a shovel plate; the shovel plate is installed on the front side of the tunnel boring machine body; rotating brushes are rotatably installed on both sides of the upper end of the shovel plate; there are two rotating brushes; a conveyor belt is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tunnel boring machine body and located at the rear side of the shovel plate; and collecting devices are arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention; a brush shaft is fixedly installed at the lower end of the rotating brush; a gear is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the brush shaft; a first motor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the shovel plate; the output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected to the brush shaft; there are four gears, and two of the brush shafts are connected together through gear transmission.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the collecting device comprises a first fan; the first fan is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the tunnel boring machine body, and the first fan is located on one side of the conveyor belt; a collecting box is fixedly mounted on the other side of the conveyor belt; a dust box is provided on the inner wall of the collecting box; a second fan is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the inner wall of the collecting box and on the right side of the dust box.

[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention is provided with a spraying device and a collecting device. Through the cooperation of various parts, a jet pump draws liquid from a foam liquid storage device, pumps it into a foam generator to generate foam, and then delivers it to a foam injection head, forming a cover-shaped foam dust reduction area in front of the cutting head of the tunnel boring machine, and evenly sprays at the coal block conveying port to form a curtain-shaped dust reduction area, effectively covering the coal mining face or cutting area, ensuring that the dust generated by cutting is fully absorbed by the foam, and the coal dust is fully moistened to produce a cover-shaped and curtain-shaped foam dust reduction area, and dust reduction is carried out on the cutting head mining position and the coal block conveying port, greatly reducing harmful dust generated during coal mining; the present invention sprays foam at multiple angles during coal mining, thereby increasing the contact area between foam and dust, and greatly improving the spray dust reduction efficiency compared with current dust reduction measures.

[0018] 2. The dust collection and reduction system can collect the foam-sludge mixture generated after dust collection and reduction. After further processing, the coal blocks will be separated into raw coal and coal gangue. The mixture will be injected into the coal gangue pile by grouting to fill the gaps between the coal gangue, blocking the contact with the air, and at the same time lowering the surface temperature of the coal gangue, reducing the occurrence of spontaneous combustion of the coal gangue pile, which can bring huge benefits in ecological environmental protection and economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a dust collection and reduction system for a comprehensive excavation working surface;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a conveying device used in a dust collection and lowering system for a comprehensive excavation working surface from a side view;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of a conveying device used in a dust collection and lowering system for a fully-mechanized excavation working surface;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rotating brush used in a dust collection and reduction system for a fully-mechanized excavation working surface;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a spraying device used in a dust collection and reduction system for a fully-mechanized excavation working surface;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the working process of a spraying device used in a dust collection and reduction system for a comprehensive excavation working surface;

[0026] In the figure: the tunnel boring machine body 100; the foam liquid storage tank 200; the foam generator 210; the foam liquid outlet pipe 220; the mounting sleeve 300; the foam injection nozzle 310; the cutting head 400; the shovel plate 500; the rotating brush 510; the conveyor belt 520; the brush shaft 511; the gear 512; the first motor 513; the first fan 600; the collection box 610; the dust box 620; the second fan 630. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] Example 1: Figure 1-Figure 6 , including a tunneling machine body 100 and a cutting head 400; the cutting head rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cutting head 400, and the cutting head 400 is rotatably mounted on the front end of the cutting arm of the tunneling machine body 100 through the cutting head rotating shaft; a spraying device for dust reduction is arranged at the front end of the tunneling machine body 100 and located on the outside of the cutting head 400; a conveying device for conveying coal blocks is arranged on the lower side of the tunneling machine body 100; the spraying device includes a mounting sleeve 300; the mounting sleeve 300 is fixedly mounted on the front end of the cutting arm of the tunneling machine body 100, and the cutting head rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting sleeve 300; a foam injection nozzle 310 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve 300; the foam injection nozzle 310 is evenly and equidistantly mounted on the outside of the mounting sleeve 300; there are two groups of the foam injection nozzles 310, and the foam injection nozzles 310 are 5 mm in diameter and contain X-shaped guides The composite nozzle of the flow trough, and the foam injection nozzle 310 located at the rear side of the cutting head 400 is at an angle of forty-five degrees with the horizontal direction; the foam injection nozzle 310 is connected to a supply device, and another group of the foam injection nozzles 310 are equidistantly installed on the lower side of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body 100; the supply device includes a foam liquid storage device 200; the foam liquid storage device 200 is fixedly installed at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body 100 and located on the upper side of the cutting arm; the foam liquid storage device 200 is fixedly connected to a foam generator 210; the liquid inlet of the foam generator 210 is fixedly connected to a jet pump, and the end of the jet pump away from the foam generator 210 is fixedly connected to the foam liquid storage device 200 through a delivery pipe; the liquid outlet of the foam generator 210 is fixedly installed with a foam outlet pipe 220; the end of the foam outlet pipe 220 away from the foam generator 210 is fixedly connected to the foam injection nozzle 310;

[0029] The specific practical scenario of this embodiment is as follows: the foam injection nozzle 310 located at the rear side of the cutting head 400 sprays foam at an angle of forty-five degrees to the horizontal direction, and the radius of the foam dust reduction area formed is 1 meter; when the foam injection nozzle 310 is in a working state, dense and uniform foam is sprayed to form a cover-shaped foam dust reduction area in front of the cutting head 400 of the tunnel boring machine, and a curtain-shaped dust reduction area is formed by uniform spraying at the coal block conveying port; the spraying device can effectively cover the coal mining face or cutting area, ensuring that the dust generated by cutting is fully absorbed by the foam and the coal dust is fully moistened; the injection pump sprays foam from the foam to form a cover-shaped foam dust reduction area in front of the cutting head 400, and sprays evenly at the coal block conveying port to form a curtain-shaped dust reduction area; the spraying device can effectively cover the coal mining face or cutting area, ensuring that the dust generated by cutting is fully absorbed by the foam and the coal dust is fully moistened; the injection pump sprays foam from the foam to form a cover-shaped foam dust reduction area in front of the tunnel boring machine. Liquid is extracted from the foam liquid storage 200 and pumped into the foam generator 210 to generate foam, which is then transported to the foam injection nozzle 310 through the foam liquid outlet pipe 220 to generate a cover-shaped and curtain-shaped foam dust reduction area, which greatly reduces the harmful dust generated during the coal mining process; the foam generator 210 is based on the principle of physics. There is an air pump at the bottom of the foam generator, and air is injected into the container through the air pump. When the air pump is working, the air is mixed with the foam liquid through a pipe. In this mixing process, the surface tension of the foam liquid is combined with the pressure of the air to form foam;

[0030] Example 2: Figure 1-Figure 6 , including a tunneling machine body 100 and a cutting head 400, the rear end of the cutting head 400 is fixedly connected to a cutting head rotating shaft, and the cutting head 400 is rotatably mounted on the front end of the cutting arm of the tunneling machine body 100 through the cutting head rotating shaft; a spraying device for dust reduction is arranged at the front end of the tunneling machine body 100 and located on the outside of the cutting head 400; a conveying device for conveying coal blocks is arranged on the lower side of the tunneling machine body 100; the conveying device includes a shovel plate 500; the shovel plate 500 is installed on the front side of the tunneling machine body 100; rotating brushes 510 are rotatably mounted on both sides of the upper end of the shovel plate 500; there are two rotating brushes 510; a conveyor belt 520 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the tunneling machine body 100 and located on the rear side of the shovel plate 500; collecting Device; a brush shaft 511 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the rotating brush 510; a gear 512 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the brush shaft 511; a first motor 513 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the shovel plate 500; the output shaft of the first motor 513 is fixedly connected to the brush shaft 511; there are four gears 512, and the two brush shafts 511 are connected together through the gear 512; the collecting device includes a first fan 600; the first fan 600 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tunneling machine body 100, and the first fan 600 is located on one side of the conveyor belt 520; a collecting box 610 is fixedly installed on the other side of the conveyor belt 520; a dust box 620 is provided on the inner wall of the collecting box 610; a second fan 630 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the collecting box 610 and on the right side of the dust box 620;

[0031] The specific practical scenario of this embodiment is as follows: when the tunnel boring machine body 100 is in a working state, the rotating brush 510 rotates synchronously to send the coal blocks into the conveyor belt 520. The conveyor belt 520 adopts the existing technology. The conveyor belt 520 transports items in the opposite direction of the tunnel boring machine, and sends the coal blocks from the front of the tunnel boring machine to the rear of the tunnel boring machine through the dust collection device; when the first motor 513 is working, it can drive the brush shaft 511 to rotate, so that the gear 512 on the outer wall of the brush shaft 511, the number of gears 512 is four, so the two brush shafts 511 move in opposite directions, so that the two rotating brushes 510 cooperate with each other to transport the coal blocks to the conveyor belt 520; the first fan 600 is an air supply fan, and the second fan 630 is a dust suction fan. When the first fan 600 is working, the first fan 600 can provide wind power to blow the transported coal blocks, so that the wind direction blows from the first fan 600 side to the second fan 630 side, and the air outlet direction of the first fan 600 is the same as that of the conveyor belt 520. Toward 601, it forms an angle of 90° with the moving direction of the conveyor belt 520. At the same time, when the second fan 630 is working, it can extract air from the inside of the collecting box 610, so that the collecting box 610 can inhale external air. The wind force provided by the first fan 600 and the second fan 630 cooperate with each other is less than the gravity of the coal block, but greater than the gravity and adsorption force of the foam-mud mixture attached to the outside of the coal block, so that during the transportation of the coal block, the foam-mud mixture that has adsorbed dust on the outside of the coal block surface is collected by the collecting device during the transportation process; the cleaned coal block is conveyed to the tail of the tunneling machine; the dust collecting box 620 can collect the foam-sludge mixture generated after dust collection and reduction. After further processing, the coal block will be separated into raw coal and coal gangue. The mixture inside the dust collecting box 620 will be injected into the coal gangue pile by grouting to fill the gaps between the coal gangue, block contact with air, and at the same time reduce the surface temperature of the coal gangue to reduce the occurrence of spontaneous combustion of the coal gangue pile.

[0032] The above structures and principles are all common standard parts or parts known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0033] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: when using the equipment, the cutting head 400 is started, and excavation is carried out through the cutting head 400, and at the same time, the first motor 513 is started to drive the brush shaft 511 fixedly connected to the first motor 513 to rotate, and the two rotating brushes 510 are rotated in different directions through the transmission connection of four gears 512, so that the coal blocks on the shovel plate 500 are transferred to the conveyor belt 520, and at the same time, the first fan 600 and the second fan 630 are started, and the first fan 600 and the second fan 630 cooperate with each other, so that the first fan 600 can provide wind power to blow the transported coal blocks, and at the same time When the second fan 630 is working, it can draw air from the inside of the collection box 610, so that the collection box 610 can inhale external air. The wind force provided by the first fan 600 and the second fan 630 cooperate with each other is less than the gravity of the coal block, but greater than the gravity and adsorption force of the foam-mud mixture attached to the outside of the coal block, so that during the transportation of the coal block, the foam-mud mixture that has adsorbed dust on the outside of the coal block surface can be sucked into the dust collecting box 620 during the transportation process, and then the mixture inside the dust collecting box 620 is injected into the coal gangue pile separated after further processing of the coal block through grouting.

[0034] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dust collection and reduction system for a comprehensive excavation working surface, comprising a roadheader body (100) and a cutting head (400), characterized in that: The cutting head (400) has a cutting head rotating shaft fixedly connected to the rear end thereof, and the cutting head (400) is rotatably mounted on the front end of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body (100) via the cutting head rotating shaft; a spraying device for reducing dust is disposed at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body (100) and outside the cutting head (400); and a conveying device for conveying coal blocks is disposed at the lower side of the tunnel boring machine body (100); The spraying device comprises a mounting sleeve (300); the mounting sleeve (300) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body (100), and the cutting head rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting sleeve (300); a foam spray nozzle (310) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve (300); the foam spray nozzles (310) are evenly and equidistantly mounted on the outer side of the mounting sleeve (300); There are two groups of the foam injection nozzles (310), and the foam injection nozzles (310) are composite nozzles with an aperture of 5 mm and an X-shaped guide groove, and the foam injection nozzles (310) located at the rear side of the cutting head (400) form an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction; the foam injection nozzles (310) are connected to a supply device, and the other group of the foam injection nozzles (310) are equidistantly installed on the lower side of the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine body (100); The conveying device comprises a shovel plate (500); the shovel plate (500) is installed on the front side of the tunnel boring machine body (100); rotating brushes (510) are rotatably installed on both sides of the upper end of the shovel plate (500); there are two rotating brushes (510); a conveyor belt (520) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tunnel boring machine body (100) and located at the rear side of the shovel plate (500); and collecting devices are arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt (520); A brush shaft (511) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the rotating brush (510); a gear (512) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the brush shaft (511); a first motor (513) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the shovel plate (500); an output shaft of the first motor (513) is fixedly connected to the brush shaft (511); there are four gears (512), and two brush shafts (511) are connected together through the gears (512); The collecting device comprises a first fan (600); the first fan (600) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the tunnel boring machine body (100), and the first fan (600) is located on one side of the conveyor belt (520); a collecting box (610) is fixedly mounted on the other side of the conveyor belt (520); a dust collecting box (620) is arranged on the inner wall of the collecting box (610); a second fan (630) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the inner wall of the collecting box (610) and located on the right side of the dust collecting box (620); A cover-shaped foam dust reduction area is formed at the front of the cutting head (400) of the roadheader, and a curtain-shaped dust reduction area is formed by uniform spraying at the coal block conveying port; The air outlet direction (601) of the first fan (600) forms an angle of 90° with the moving direction of the conveyor belt (520); the wind force provided by the first fan (600) and the second fan (630) in cooperation with each other is smaller than the gravity of the coal block, but larger than the gravity and adsorption force of the foam-mud mixture attached to the outside of the coal block.

2. The dust collection and reduction system for fully mechanized excavation working surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The supply device comprises a foam liquid storage device (200); the foam liquid storage device (200) is fixedly mounted at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body (100) and is located on the upper side of the cutting arm; The foam liquid storage (200) is fixedly connected to a foam generator (210); the liquid inlet of the foam generator (210) is fixedly connected to a jet pump, and one end of the jet pump away from the foam generator (210) is fixedly connected to the foam liquid storage (200) via a delivery pipe.

3. The dust collection and reduction system for fully mechanized excavation working surface according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A foam liquid outlet pipe (220) is fixedly installed at the liquid outlet of the foam generator (210); one end of the foam liquid outlet pipe (220) away from the foam generator (210) is fixedly connected to the foam injection nozzle (310).

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