A method for applying soil conditioner under a wheat-maize rotation model in saline-alkali land.
By using soil conditioners A and B, composed of polymer materials and natural minerals, in saline-alkali land, combined with a wheat-corn rotation model, the problem of increasing yield and reducing salinity in saline-alkali land soil conditioners was solved, achieving safe and efficient soil improvement.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410555053.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-05-07
AI Technical Summary
While existing soil conditioners for saline-alkali land can increase crop yields, they also pose risks such as salt accumulation and environmental hazards caused by fertilizer buildup. Furthermore, organic fertilizers have low nutrient content per unit volume and slow fertilizer effects, making it difficult to effectively improve soil quality in mild to moderately saline-alkali land.
Soil conditioner A, composed of high-molecular-weight materials nitrohumic acid and polyacrylamide, and soil conditioner B, composed of natural minerals such as kaolinite, is applied in different seasons through a wheat-corn rotation pattern to synergistically improve soil structure and reduce salinity.
It significantly increases crop yield, reduces soil salinity, reduces the risk of heavy metal accumulation, increases soil porosity, and enhances soil retention capacity, resulting in an annual increase of 5.49%-9.03% in wheat and corn yields and a decrease of 8.54%-24.83% in total salt content of topsoil.
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Figure CN118489327B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a method for applying soil conditioner under a wheat-corn rotation pattern in saline-alkali land. Background Technology
[0002] While numerous inventions and literature exist regarding soil conditioners for saline-alkali land, their actual effectiveness rarely meets expectations. Most current research focuses on soil conditioners based on natural minerals, organic and inorganic waste, and related products, typically zeolite and bentonite to enhance soil water retention. Research on novel polymeric soil conditioners remains relatively limited. Furthermore, while chemical fertilizers can increase crop yields in saline-alkali land, long-term, excessive application can lead to nutrient accumulation, exacerbating salinity and reducing crop yields, creating a vicious cycle. Organic fertilizers, with their soil-improving properties, are widely used in saline-alkali land improvement. However, their nutrient content per unit volume is relatively low, and their effects are slow. In practice, large quantities are often applied for quick results. Since organic fertilizer raw materials are often livestock manure, improper composting can increase the risk of heavy metal and antibiotic contamination, negatively impacting the soil's microecological balance. Natural minerals also face theoretical and technical challenges in practical applications, such as the difficulty in determining the appropriate application rate, method, and timing. Surveys show that soil conditioner application is mostly carried out on plots planted with cash crops. In recent years, a lot of human and material resources have been invested in the utilization of saline-alkali land to improve the quality of arable land and increase productivity. Ultimately, the goal is to obtain grain from low- and medium-yield fields represented by saline-alkali land. Therefore, how to develop a method for applying soil conditioners in low- and medium-yield soils such as mildly to moderately saline-alkali land under the wheat-corn rotation model, which can increase crop yields while reducing soil salinity and reducing fertilizer application to reduce environmental risks, is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for applying soil conditioner under the wheat-corn rotation model in saline-alkali land, so as to solve the problem of low yield of grain crops in saline-alkali land.
[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0005] This invention provides a method for applying a soil conditioner under a wheat-corn rotation pattern in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
[0006] 1) Wheat was planted in saline-alkali land and soil conditioner A and soil conditioner B were applied. The wheat was harvested the following year.
[0007] 2) After the wheat harvest, corn is planted and soil conditioner A is applied. The corn is harvested in the same year to complete a one-year crop rotation.
[0008] 3) Implement year-round wheat-corn rotation following steps 1) to 2).
[0009] The soil conditioner A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of nitrohumic acid and 55-95 parts of polyacrylamide.
[0010] Soil conditioner B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts kaolinite, 4-8 parts illite, 4-8 parts quartz, 0.5-1 parts chlorite, 1-2 parts calcite, 1-2 parts andesite, 0.5-1 parts albite, and 0.5-1 parts pyrite.
[0011] Preferably, in step 1), the application rate of soil conditioner A is 70-150 kg / mu, and the application rate of soil conditioner B is 500-1500 kg / mu.
[0012] Preferably, the wheat is planted in late October to early November in step 1), and harvested in mid-June.
[0013] Preferably, the application rate of soil conditioner A in step 2) is 70-150 kg / mu.
[0014] Preferably, the corn is planted in mid-June in step 2) and harvested in late September to early October.
[0015] Preferably, the initial total salt content of the saline-alkali land is 1‰ to 3‰.
[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0017] 1. Using high-molecular and macromolecular materials as soil conditioner raw materials, soil conditioner B, composed of natural mineral raw materials, is used intensively during the wheat season. This ensures the quantity of soil conditioner while increasing the supply intensity of effective nutrients. This approach guarantees crop yield and improves the soil while minimizing the risk of heavy metal accumulation in the soil.
[0018] 2. In soil conditioner A, nitrohumic acid is acidic, which can neutralize part of the pH of saline-alkali land and also improve crop resistance, yield, and quality. Polyacrylamide is a high-molecular polymer that can act as a good water-retaining agent. The anionic hydrolysate produced after hydrolysis can combine with various cations to increase soil retention. Soil conditioner B mainly consists of parent materials, which effectively increase soil porosity and reduce compaction, promoting the formation of soil aggregates with low harmfulness. Therefore, the combined application of A and B has a safe and efficient soil improvement effect. By applying soil conditioners A and B, the annual yield of wheat and corn can reach 909.8 kg, a significant increase of 9.03% compared to local farmers' usual practices. At the end of the planting year, the total salt content of the topsoil is 24.83% lower than that of soils without soil conditioners A and B.
[0019] 3. The synergistic use of soil conditioners A and B resulted in an increase of 5.49% and 4.28% in annual wheat and corn yields, respectively, compared to using either alone, while reducing the total salt content of the topsoil by 8.54% and 14.61%. Considering the short interval between wheat harvest and corn planting, and the lack of soil tillage, soil conditioner B was not added during the corn season to reduce production costs and the risk of heavy metal accumulation in the soil. Furthermore, soil conditioner B is a powder and requires a large dosage. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 The following are statistical charts showing the yield of wheat and maize within a one-year crop rotation in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5;
[0021] Figure 2 The graph shows the total salt content of the soil after one year of crop rotation in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5. Detailed Implementation
[0022] This invention provides a method for applying a soil conditioner under a wheat-corn rotation pattern in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:
[0023] 1) Wheat was planted in saline-alkali land and soil conditioner A and soil conditioner B were applied. The wheat was harvested the following year.
[0024] 2) After the wheat harvest, corn is planted and soil conditioner A is applied. The corn is harvested in the same year to complete a one-year crop rotation.
[0025] 3) Implement year-round wheat-corn rotation following steps 1) to 2).
[0026] The soil conditioner A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of nitrohumic acid and 55-95 parts of polyacrylamide, preferably 35-65 parts of nitrohumic acid and 60-90 parts of polyacrylamide, more preferably 40-60 parts of nitrohumic acid and 65-85 parts of polyacrylamide, and even more preferably 45-55 parts of nitrohumic acid and 70-80 parts of polyacrylamide.
[0027] The soil conditioner B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts kaolinite, 4-8 parts illite, 4-8 parts quartz, 0.5-1 parts chlorite, 1-2 parts calcite, 1-2 parts andesine, 0.5-1 parts albite, and 0.5-1 parts pyrite; preferably, 45-55 parts kaolinite, 5-7 parts illite, 5-7 parts quartz, 0.6-0.9 parts chlorite, and 0.5-1 parts calcite. The composition comprises 1.2–1.8 parts of kaolinite, 1.2–1.8 parts of andesite, 0.6–0.9 parts of albite, and 0.6–0.9 parts of pyrite, with a further preferred composition of 50 parts of kaolinite, 5.5–6 parts of illite, 6 parts of quartz, 0.7–0.8 parts of chlorite, 1.5–1.6 parts of calcite, 1.4–1.6 parts of andesite, 0.7–0.8 parts of albite, and 0.7–0.8 parts of pyrite.
[0028] In this invention, the application rate of soil conditioner A in step 1) is 70-150 kg / mu, preferably 80-140 kg / mu, more preferably 90-130 kg / mu, and even more preferably 100-120 kg / mu; the application rate of soil conditioner B is 500-1500 kg / mu, preferably 700-1300 kg / mu, more preferably 800-1100 kg / mu, and even more preferably 900-1000 kg / mu.
[0029] In this invention, the soil conditioner A and soil conditioner B can be applied by direct application or by granulation.
[0030] In this invention, the wheat planting time in step 1) is from mid-to-late October to early November, preferably from October 20 to October 25; the wheat harvesting time is in mid-June, preferably from June 1 to June 10.
[0031] In this invention, the application rate of soil conditioner A in step 2) is 70-150 kg / mu, preferably 80-140 kg / mu, more preferably 90-130 kg / mu, and even more preferably 100-120 kg / mu.
[0032] In this invention, the corn planting time in step 2) is in June, preferably from June 12 to June 22; the corn harvesting time is from the end of September to the middle of October, preferably from October 10 to October 15.
[0033] In this invention, base fertilizer can be applied according to planting needs and soil nutrient content; soil conditioner A and soil conditioner B can be applied before or after planting wheat or corn, preferably applied together with base fertilizer before planting wheat or corn, which can reduce labor costs; the application method can be direct broadcasting, granulation application or irrigation.
[0034] In this invention, the initial total salt content of the saline-alkali land is 1‰ to 3‰, preferably 1.5‰ to 2.5‰.
[0035] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0036] The following examples and comparative examples were all conducted in Qingfu Commune, Liutuan Town, Changyi City, Weifang City, Shandong Province, using a plot-based experimental method, with each plot measuring 60m. 2 Before the wheat planting season, the total salt content of the topsoil was 1.5‰.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. Soil conditioner A (50 parts nitrohumic acid, 75 parts polyacrylamide), soil conditioner B (57 parts kaolinite, 6 parts illite, 6 parts quartz, 0.8 parts chlorite, 1.5 parts calcite, 1 part andesite, 0.9 parts albite, and 1 part pyrite), and N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer were mixed and broadcast. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 125 kg / mu, the application rate of soil conditioner B was 1000 kg / mu, the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5) was 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at 25 kg / mu.
[0039] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0040] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023. Soil conditioner A (50 parts nitrohumic acid and 75 parts polyacrylamide) was mixed with N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer and then applied. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 125 kg / mu, and the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10) was 30 kg / mu.
[0041] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0042] The test results of the relevant nutrient content of soil conditioner B used in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.
[0043] Table 1. Test results of relevant nutrient content of soil conditioner B in Example 1.
[0044]
[0045]
[0046] Example 2
[0047] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. Soil conditioner A (40 parts nitrohumic acid, 60 parts polyacrylamide), soil conditioner B (50 parts kaolinite, 8 parts illite, 5 parts quartz, 0.6 parts chlorite, 1.2 parts calcite, 1.5 parts andesite, 0.7 parts albite, and 0.8 parts pyrite), and N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer were mixed and applied. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 100 kg / mu, the application rate of soil conditioner B was 1200 kg / mu, the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5) was 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at 25 kg / mu.
[0048] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0049] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023. Soil conditioner A (40 parts nitrohumic acid and 60 parts polyacrylamide) was mixed with N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer and then applied. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 100 kg / mu, and the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10) was 30 kg / mu.
[0050] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0051] Example 3
[0052] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. Soil conditioner A (70 parts nitrohumic acid, 90 parts polyacrylamide), soil conditioner B (40 parts kaolinite, 8 parts illite, 4 parts quartz, 0.5 parts chlorite, 1 part calcite, 2 parts andesite, 1 part albite, and 0.8 parts pyrite), and N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer were mixed and broadcast. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 100 kg / mu, the application rate of soil conditioner B was 800 kg / mu, the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5) was 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at 25 kg / mu.
[0053] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0054] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023. Soil conditioner A (70 parts nitrohumic acid and 90 parts polyacrylamide) was mixed with N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer and then applied. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 80 kg / mu, and the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10) was 30 kg / mu.
[0055] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0056] Example 4
[0057] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. Soil conditioner A (30 parts nitrohumic acid, 85 parts polyacrylamide), soil conditioner B (60 parts kaolinite, 4 parts illite, 8 parts quartz, 1 part chlorite, 1.9 parts calcite, 1.8 parts andesite, 0.5 parts albite, and 1 part pyrite), and N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer were mixed and broadcast. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 150 kg / mu, the application rate of soil conditioner B was 1500 kg / mu, the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5) was 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at 25 kg / mu.
[0058] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0059] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023. Soil conditioner A (30 parts nitrohumic acid and 85 parts polyacrylamide) was mixed with N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer and then applied. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 70 kg / mu, and the application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10) was 30 kg / mu.
[0060] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0061] Comparative Example 1
[0062] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. N-P2O5-K2O:19.0-7.5-7.5 compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at a rate of 25 kg / mu.
[0063] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0064] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023, and N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 30 kg / mu.
[0065] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0066] Comparative Example 2
[0067] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at a rate of 25 kg / mu.
[0068] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0069] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023, and N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 30 kg / mu.
[0070] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0071] Comparative Example 3
[0072] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. Nitrohumic acid and N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer were mixed and broadcast. The application rate of nitrohumic acid was 50 kg / mu, the application rate of N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer was 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as a top dressing at a rate of 25 kg / mu.
[0073] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0074] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023. Nitrohumic acid was mixed with N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer and then broadcast. The application rate of nitrohumic acid was 50 kg / mu, and the application rate of N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer was 30 kg / mu.
[0075] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0076] Comparative Example 4
[0077] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. Soil conditioner B and N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer were mixed and applied. The application rate of soil conditioner B was 1000 kg / mu, the application rate of N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer was 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at a rate of 25 kg / mu.
[0078] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0079] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023, and N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 30 kg / mu.
[0080] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0081] Comparative Example 5
[0082] 1. Wheat (variety: Shannong 38) was sown on November 10, 2022. Soil conditioner A (50 parts nitrohumic acid and 75 parts polyacrylamide) and N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer were mixed and applied. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 125 kg / mu, the application rate of N-P2O5-K2O:16-20-5 compound fertilizer was 40 kg / mu, and urea was applied as top dressing at a rate of 25 kg / mu.
[0083] 2. Wheat was harvested on June 6, 2023.
[0084] 3. Corn (variety: Weike 931) was sown on June 17, 2023. Soil conditioner A (50 parts nitrohumic acid and 75 parts polyacrylamide) was mixed with N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer and then applied. The application rate of soil conditioner A was 125 kg / mu, and the application rate of N-P2O5-K2O:28-14-10 compound fertilizer was 30 kg / mu.
[0085] 4. Corn was harvested on September 28, 2023.
[0086] Figure 1 The figures show the yield statistics of wheat and maize within a one-year crop rotation for Examples 1-4 (denoted as E1-E4) and Comparative Examples 1-5 (denoted as CK1-CK5). It can be seen from the figures that a significant year-round increase in wheat and maize yield can be achieved.
[0087] Figure 2The graph shows the total salt content of the soil after one year of crop rotation for Examples 1-4 (denoted as E1-E4) and Comparative Examples 1-5 (denoted as CK1-CK5). Since the total salt content of the soil will also change due to the influence of rainfall and evaporation in the actual production process, the salt content of different examples and comparative examples at the same time point is compared horizontally. It can be seen from the graph that the crop rotation and fertilization method disclosed in this invention can significantly reduce the total salt content of the topsoil and reduce salt stress in the crop growth environment.
[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for applying a soil conditioner in a saline-alkali soil wheat-corn rotation mode, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: 1) planting wheat in saline-alkali soil and applying soil conditioner A and soil conditioner B, and harvesting wheat in the next year; 2) planting corn after the wheat is harvested, and applying soil conditioner A, and harvesting corn in the same year to complete a one-year crop rotation; 3) performing wheat-corn one-year crop rotation according to steps 1) to 2); The soil conditioner A comprises the following components in mass fraction: 30-70 parts of nitro humic acid, 55-95 parts of polyacrylamide; The soil conditioner B comprises the following components in mass fraction: 40-60 parts of kaolinite, 4-8 parts of illite, 4-8 parts of quartz, 0.5-1 part of chlorite, 1-2 parts of calcite, 1-2 parts of microcline, 0.5-1 part of albite and 0.5-1 part of pyrite.
2. The method for applying soil conditioner in a wheat-corn rotation mode in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application amount of the soil conditioner A in step 1) is 70-150 kg / acre, and the application amount of the soil conditioner B is 500-1500 kg / acre.
3. The method for applying soil conditioner in a wheat-corn rotation mode in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The planting time of wheat in step 1) is in the middle and late October to early November, and the harvesting time of wheat is in the middle of June.
4. The method for applying soil conditioner in a wheat-corn rotation mode in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application amount of the soil conditioner A in step 2) is 70-150 kg / acre.
5. The method for applying soil conditioner in a wheat-corn rotation mode in saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, characterized in that, The planting time of corn in step 2) is in the middle of June, and the harvesting time of corn is in the late September to the middle and early October.
6. The method for applying soil conditioner in a wheat-corn rotation mode in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial total salt content of the saline-alkali soil is 1 ‰-3 ‰.