A spline, a spline assembly, a spindle tool handle mechanism, a rotating wheel mechanism and a transmission mechanism

Abstract

The present invention provides a spline, a spline assembly, a spindle tool holder mechanism, a rotary wheel mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission end of the spline is formed with a plurality of teeth uniformly distributed along the circumference of the spline; the tooth surface of the tooth comprises a tooth top cone surface, an inclined plane and a tooth root cone surface, and the inclined plane is inclined relative to the axis of the spline; the tooth top cone surface, the inclined plane and the tooth root cone surface are sequentially tangently connected; the tooth surfaces of a plurality of teeth are sequentially connected to form an annular curved surface, and the annular curved surface is a first-order continuous periodic waveform surface; the tooth top cone surface, the inclined plane and the tooth root cone surface are all working tooth surfaces and are all developable surfaces; the tooth top heights of a plurality of teeth are respectively the same, and the tooth root heights of a plurality of teeth are respectively the same; when two splines are connected, the entire tooth surface can be fitted without gap, the radial, axial and circumferential positioning are accurate, the connection strength is large and the rigidity is high; it is suitable for high-rigidity connection between high-speed rotating parts; the tooth surface has a smooth transition, no stress concentration will be generated, and there is no risk of fatigue fracture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an end surface connection mechanism of a mechanical part, and in particular to a spline, a spline assembly, a spindle tool holder mechanism, a wheel mechanism and a transmission mechanism. Background Art

[0002] In mechanical manufacturing, it is often necessary to connect shaft parts, disk parts and sleeve parts to each other. Common connection methods include flat keys, splines, semicircular keys, tangential keys, elastic expansion sleeves, interference fits, end keys, hirth disks and arc tooth end gear disks; however, these connection methods cannot simultaneously take into account high strength, high reliability, low cost and easy disassembly and assembly, and are suitable for the connection between rotating parts of high-speed machinery. Patent application number 202010002807.4 discloses a spline with a wavy end face, on which a plurality of teeth are formed, each tooth including a tooth top, a tooth root and a working tooth surface, and a plurality of teeth are formed on the end face in the order of tooth top, working tooth surface, tooth root, working tooth surface and tooth top; the end face of one spline cooperates with the end face of another spline to achieve a rigid connection between the two splines. However, only the inclined plane in each tooth is the working tooth surface, and the working pressure it can bear is limited; when two splines are connected, there is a gap between the two mating end faces, which makes it easy for dust to enter the gap, and coolant will leak from the gap, reducing the mating area of ​​the two mating end faces and deteriorating the connection reliability. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a spline, a spline assembly, a spindle tool holder mechanism, a rotary wheel mechanism and a transmission mechanism to solve the problems that in the existing spline, only the inclined plane is the working tooth surface, the bearing pressure is limited, and when two splines are connected, dust is easy to enter between the two mating end faces, resulting in a reduction in the mating area and a deterioration in the connection reliability.

[0004] The present invention provides a spline, wherein a transmission end of the spline is formed with a plurality of teeth evenly distributed along the circumference of the spline;

[0005] The tooth surfaces of the plurality of teeth are sequentially connected to form an annular curved surface, and the annular curved surface is a first-order continuous periodic waveform surface;

[0006] The tooth surface of each tooth comprises a tooth top conical surface, a tooth root conical surface and an inclined plane tangentially connected between the tooth top conical surface and the tooth root conical surface, and the inclined plane is arranged obliquely relative to the axis of the spline;

[0007] The tooth top cone surface, inclined plane and tooth root cone surface are all working tooth surfaces, and all are developable surfaces;

[0008] The addendum heights of the plurality of teeth are respectively the same, and the root heights of the plurality of teeth are respectively the same; the addendum height is h1, the root height is h2, and h1 and h2 satisfy: 0≤h2-h1≤2μm.

[0009] Further optionally, the tooth tip conical surface is symmetrical with respect to the tooth tip radial plane, and the tooth root conical surface is symmetrical with respect to the tooth root radial plane;

[0010] Among them, the tooth top conical surface is arranged to form the tooth top, and the tooth top radial surface is the radial center plane of the tooth top passing through the axis of the spline; the tooth root conical surface is arranged to form the tooth root, and the tooth root radial surface is the radial center plane of the tooth root passing through the axis of the spline.

[0011] Further optionally, the axis of the tooth tip cone surface is inclined relative to the axis of the spline, and the highest position generatrix of the tooth tip cone surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spline; and / or,

[0012] The axis of the tooth root cone surface is inclined relative to the axis of the spline, and the lowest position generatrix of the tooth root cone surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spline.

[0013] Further optionally, two adjacent teeth are symmetrical with respect to a radial center plane of a tooth groove formed between the two adjacent teeth.

[0014] Further optionally, the tooth top cone surface and the tooth root cone surface are both conical surfaces; or,

[0015] The tooth top cone surface and the tooth root cone surface are both elliptical cone surfaces, and the major axis of the elliptical cone surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spline.

[0016] Further optionally, the annular curved surface may be formed by enveloping a cylindrical surface or a conical surface.

[0017] Further optionally, the annular curved surface is designed to be formed by a side edge of a milling cutter.

[0018] Further optionally, the angle between the projection of the tangent of the tooth tip cone surface and the inclined plane on the tooth tip radial surface and the tooth tip section is θ; the angle between the projection of the tangent of the tooth root cone surface and the inclined plane on the tooth root radial surface and the tooth root section is δ;

[0019] The θ and δ satisfy: 3°≤θ≤25°, 3°≤δ≤25°;

[0020] The tooth top section is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spline and tangent to the tooth top conical surface, and the tooth root section is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spline and tangent to the tooth root conical surface.

[0021] Further optionally, the angle between the inclined plane and the axis of the spline is γ, and γ satisfies: 5°≤γ≤45°.

[0022] Further optionally, the angle between the axis of the tooth tip cone surface and the highest position generatrix is ​​α, and the angle between the axis of the tooth root cone surface and the lowest position generatrix is ​​β;

[0023] The α and β satisfy: 5°≤α≤30°, 5°≤β≤30°.

[0024] Further optionally, the α and β also satisfy: 0 degrees ≤ α - β ≤ 10 -8 Spend.

[0025] The present invention also provides a spline assembly, comprising a first spline and a second spline, wherein the first spline and the second spline are both splines as described in any one of the above items; the tooth surface of the first spline and the tooth surface of the second spline cooperate to connect the first spline and the second spline.

[0026] The present invention further provides a spline assembly, comprising a first spline and a second spline, wherein the first spline and the second spline are both the splines described in any one of the above items; the tooth surface of the first spline and the tooth surface of the second spline cooperate to connect the first spline and the second spline;

[0027] When the first spline and the second spline are connected, there are two matching states between the tooth surfaces of the first spline and the second spline; the two matching states include a full tooth surface fit state and a partial tooth surface fit state, the full tooth surface fit state refers to a state in which the entire tooth surface of the first spline and the entire tooth surface of the second spline are fully fit, and the partial tooth surface fit state refers to a state in which only all inclined planes of the first spline and all inclined planes of the second spline are fit;

[0028] When α=β, the tooth surface of the first spline and the tooth surface of the second spline are in the full tooth surface contact state;

[0029] When α>β and the first spline and the second spline are not subjected to a preload force, the tooth surface of the first spline and the tooth surface of the second spline are in the partial tooth surface contact state;

[0030] When α>β and the first spline and the second spline are subjected to a preload force, the tooth surface of the first spline and the tooth surface of the second spline are in the full tooth surface contact state.

[0031] The present invention also provides a spindle tool handle mechanism for a machine tool; the spindle tool handle mechanism comprises a spindle, a tool handle and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above items; a first spline is formed at one end of the spindle, and a second spline is formed at one end of the tool handle; the first spline and the second spline cooperate to connect the spindle and the tool handle.

[0032] The present invention further provides a wheel mechanism, comprising a plurality of turbines arranged in sequence and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above, wherein a first spline is formed at one axial end of the turbine and a second spline is formed at the other axial end of the turbine; two adjacent turbines can be connected as a whole through the first spline and the second spline; or,

[0033] The wheel mechanism comprises a plurality of compressor impellers arranged in sequence and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above items, wherein a first spline is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller, and a second spline is formed at the other axial end of the compressor impeller; two adjacent compressor impellers can be connected as a whole through the first spline and the second spline; or,

[0034] The wheel mechanism includes an adjacently arranged turbine and compressor impeller and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above items, wherein a first spline is formed at one axial end of the turbine, and a second spline is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller; the first spline and the second spline cooperate to connect the turbine and the compressor impeller as one body.

[0035] The present invention also provides a transmission mechanism, comprising a disc-shaped member, a rotating shaft and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above items, wherein a first spline is formed at one end of the disc-shaped member, a shoulder is formed on the rotating shaft, and a second spline is formed at one end of the shoulder; the first spline and the second spline cooperate to enable the disc-shaped member and the rotating shaft to be connected in transmission.

[0036] The present invention also provides a transmission mechanism for a winch; the transmission mechanism includes a drum, a driving gear and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above items, a first spline is formed at one end of the drum, and a second spline is formed at one end of the driving gear; the first spline and the second spline cooperate to enable the drum and the driving gear to be connected in transmission.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly:

[0038] The tooth top cone surface, inclined plane and tooth root cone surface are all developable surfaces with good machinability. When machining the tooth surface, the developable surface fits the side edge of the tool, and the tool can be continuously fed and machined at one time, which improves machining efficiency and reduces machining costs.

[0039] When two splines of the same structure are connected, the tooth surfaces of the two splines can achieve full tooth surface contact unconditionally or under the action of axial pre-tensioning force; full tooth surface contact can prevent dust from entering between the two matching tooth surfaces, and can also prevent coolant from leaking through the gap between the two matching tooth surfaces when the spindle and the tool holder are connected through two splines;

[0040] The tooth top cone surface, inclined plane and tooth root cone surface are all working tooth surfaces. The full tooth surface fit can distribute the working pressure of the tooth to the tooth top cone surface, inclined plane and tooth root cone surface, thereby increasing the load-bearing pressure of the inclined plane. The full tooth surface fit can achieve precise radial, axial and circumferential positioning, with high connection strength, high connection rigidity and high reliability. When two rotating parts are connected by splines and the rotating parts rotate at high speed, the axial preload between the two splines will not relax, and the rotating torque can be accurately transmitted, which is suitable for high-rigidity connection between high-speed rotating parts.

[0041] In each tooth, the tooth top cone surface, inclined plane and tooth root cone surface are connected tangently in sequence and transition smoothly. No stress concentration will be generated when the tooth is working. The preload pressure on the tooth surface is continuous and transitions smoothly. There is no risk of fatigue fracture, which extends the life of the tooth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0043] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1a , Figure 1b , Figure 1c and Figure 1d A schematic diagram of the shaft side structure of an embodiment of a spline provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 1e for Figure 1b Enlarged view of the middle tooth;

[0046] Figure 1f A schematic diagram of the main structure of a spline embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 1g A schematic structural diagram of a partial tooth profile of a spline provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention when the first spline and the second spline are not connected;

[0049] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention when the first spline and the second spline are connected;

[0050] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the main shaft and the tool handle provided by the present invention when assembled;

[0051] Figure 4a A schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a spline provided by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the transmission mechanism provided by the present invention when the disc-shaped member and the rotating shaft explode;

[0053] Figure 4c A schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the transmission mechanism provided by the present invention when the disc-shaped member and the rotating shaft are assembled;

[0054] In the figure:

[0055] 1-spline; 11-tooth; 111-tooth top cone; 112-inclined plane; 1121-first inclined plane; 1122-second inclined plane; 113-tooth root cone; 114-highest position busbar; 115-lowest position busbar; 116-highest position busbar line; 117-lowest position busbar line; 12-tooth groove; 131-tooth top base cone; 132-tooth root base cone; 133-tooth top directrix; 134-tooth root directrix; 141-spline axis; 142-tooth top axis; 143-tooth root axis; 145-tooth top Tangent; 146-tooth root tangent; 147-tooth top tangent projection line; 148-tooth root tangent projection line; 151-tooth reference surface; 152-tooth top section; 153-tooth root section; 154-tooth top radial surface; 155-tooth root radial surface; 156-cone top cylindrical surface; 161-first spline; 162-second spline; 17-inner cylindrical surface; 18-involute; 181-first segment; 182-second segment; 183-third segment; 184-fourth segment; 191-first endpoint; 192-second endpoint; 193-third endpoint;

[0056] 2-spindle box; 3-tool handle;

[0057] 41-disc-shaped member; 411-shaft hole; 42-rotating shaft; 421-shaft shoulder; 43-conical expansion sleeve; 44-nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings, and "multiple" generally includes at least two, but does not exclude the inclusion of at least one.

[0060] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0061] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a product or system including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such a product or system. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the product or system including the elements.

[0062] In the existing end face splines, only the inclined plane in each tooth is the working tooth surface, and the working pressure that can be carried is limited; when two splines are connected, there is a gap between the two mating end faces, and dust can easily enter the gap. The preload pressure on the tooth surface is suddenly interrupted, resulting in a reduction in the mating area of ​​the two mating end faces and a deterioration in the connection reliability;

[0063] The present invention creatively provides a spline; a transmission end of the spline is formed with a plurality of teeth, and the plurality of teeth are evenly distributed along the circumference of the spline; the tooth surfaces of the plurality of teeth are sequentially connected to form an annular curved surface, and the annular curved surface is a first-order continuous periodic waveform surface; the tooth surface of each tooth includes a tooth top conical surface, a tooth root conical surface, and an inclined plane tangentially connected between the tooth top conical surface and the tooth root conical surface, and the inclined plane is inclined relative to the axis of the spline;

[0064] When two splines with the same structure are connected, the tooth surfaces of the two splines can achieve full tooth surface fit unconditionally or achieve full tooth surface fit under the action of axial pre-tensioning force; dust can be prevented from entering between the two mating tooth surfaces, the tooth top cone surface, inclined plane and tooth root cone surface of each tooth are all involved in the work, and the pre-tightening pressure on the tooth surface is continuous and smoothly transitioned, which improves the bearing pressure of the inclined plane; the tooth top cone surface, inclined plane and tooth root cone surface are all developable surfaces with good machinability, which improves machining efficiency and reduces machining costs, and solves the problems of limited bearing pressure of the inclined plane in the existing spline, small mating area of ​​the two mating end faces when two splines are connected, and poor connection reliability.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] <Spline>

[0067] like Figure 1a to Figure 1g As shown, this embodiment provides a spline, a transmission end of the spline 1 is formed with a plurality of teeth 11, and the plurality of teeth 11 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the spline 1;

[0068] The tooth surfaces of the multiple teeth 11 are connected in sequence to form an annular curved surface; preferably, the annular curved surface is a first-order continuous periodic waveform surface;

[0069] The addendum heights of the plurality of teeth 11 are respectively the same, and the root heights of the plurality of teeth 11 are respectively the same; the addendum height is h1, the root height is h2, and h1 and h2 satisfy: 0≤h2-h1≤2μm;

[0070] The tooth surface of each tooth 11 includes a tooth top cone surface 111, a tooth root cone surface 113 and an inclined plane 112 tangentially connected between the tooth top cone surface 111 and the tooth root cone surface 113, and the inclined plane 112 is inclined relative to the axis of the spline 1 (referred to as the spline axis 141); wherein, in each tooth 11, inclined planes 112 and tooth root cone surfaces 113 are arranged on both sides of the tooth top cone surface 111, that is, a tooth root cone surface 113, an inclined plane 112, a tooth top cone surface 111, another inclined plane 112 and another tooth root cone surface 113 are sequentially tangentially connected along the circumference of the spline 1, thereby forming the tooth surface of the tooth 11; the tooth top cone surface 111 is arranged to form the tooth top, and the tooth root cone surface 113 is arranged to form the tooth root; preferably, in each tooth 11, the tooth top cone surface 111, the inclined plane 112 and the tooth root cone surface 113 all constitute the working tooth surface of the tooth surface and are developable surfaces. Preferably, the entire tooth surface of the spline 1 is also a developable curved surface.

[0071] Specifically, combined Figure 1a to Figure 1gAs shown, a tooth groove 12 is formed between two adjacent teeth 11, and the tooth 11 of one spline 1 cooperates with the tooth groove 12 of another spline 1 to connect the two splines 1; assuming that the average diameter of the spline 1 is the diameter and the spline axis 141 is the axis, a cylindrical surface is made; there is a circle on the cylindrical surface, and when the thickness of the corresponding tooth 11 on the circle is equal to the width of the tooth groove 12, the circle becomes the pitch circle of the spline 1, and the intersection between the pitch circle and the inclined plane 112 is the midpoint of the tooth surface; a plane perpendicular to the spline axis 141 is made through the midpoint of the tooth surface, and the plane The tooth reference surface 151 is the intersection line between the tooth reference surface 151 and the inclined plane 112 and the spline axis 141 intersect at one point, which is the origin of the spline 1; a plane perpendicular to the spline axis 141 and tangent to the tooth top cone surface 111 is made, which is the tooth top section 152, and the distance between the tooth top section 152 and the tooth reference surface 151 is the tooth top height; a plane perpendicular to the spline axis 141 and tangent to the tooth root cone surface 113 is made, which is the tooth root section 153, and the distance between the tooth root section 153 and the tooth reference surface 151 is the tooth root height. Preferably, the tooth top height is h1, and the tooth root height is h2, and h1 and h2 satisfy: 0≤h2-h1≤2μm, 0≤h2-h1≤2μm, so that the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can achieve full tooth surface fit well under the action of the axial pre-tensioning force. Further preferably, the minimum gap between the tooth top of one spline 1 and the tooth root of another spline 1 is 0.5 μm, and the maximum gap is 2 μm.

[0072] The above design enables this application to have the following important technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0073] (1) In each tooth 11, the tooth top cone surface 111, the inclined plane 112 and the tooth root cone surface 113 are all developable surfaces, and they transition smoothly in sequence, so that the present application can:

[0074] ① The tooth surface has good machinability. When machining the tooth surface, the curved surface can be fitted with the side edge of the tool. The entire annular curved surface can be machined by one continuous feed of the tool. The molding quality is good, the machining process is optimized, the machining efficiency is improved, and the machining cost is reduced;

[0075] ② When tooth 11 is working, the force on the tooth surface is uniform, no stress concentration will occur, no risk of fatigue fracture, and the life of tooth 11 will be extended;

[0076] ③ There is no sharp concave angle on the tooth surface, which avoids the unavoidable concave angle on the hirth tooth plate and arc tooth end tooth plate and the problem of stress concentration on the tooth root caused by the concave angle;

[0077] ④The addendum cone surface 111, the inclined plane 112, and the dedendum cone surface 113 are all composed of developable surfaces. When machining the tooth surface of the spline 1, the cutting tool contacts the envelope surface along a definite straight generatrix at all times, regardless of the tool diameter. The machined tooth surface has certainty, enabling the addendum cone surface 111, the inclined plane 112, and the dedendum cone surface 113 to have higher working performance as the working tooth surfaces.

[0078] It should be noted that although the swing law of the milling cutter is defined in the prior art, since the contact line between the milling cutter and the envelope surface is a space curve, according to the same swing law, the transition surfaces machined by milling cutters with different diameters are different; that is, each transition surface itself has uncertainty and cannot be used to cooperate with the transition surface of the mating spline at all. Moreover, for the existing end splines mentioned in the background art of the present application, two working tooth surfaces are connected through a transition surface. The transition surface does not participate in the work and its transition surface is formed by swinging a cylindrical end milling cutter from a position parallel to one working tooth surface to a position parallel to the other working tooth surface along the circumferential direction of the spline.

[0079] (2) Further, in the design of the present application, the addendum cone surface 111, the inclined plane 112, and the dedendum cone surface 113 of each tooth 11 are all developable surfaces and all constitute working tooth surfaces, which can further bring the following effects to the present application:

[0080] ①When two splines 1 are connected, the working pressure of the tooth 1 can be distributed to the addendum cone surface 111, the inclined plane 112, and the dedendum cone surface 113, ensuring that the pre-tightening pressure on the tooth surface is continuous and smoothly transitions, without stress peaks caused by stress interruption, improving the pressure-bearing capacity of the inclined plane 112, reducing the working pressure of the inclined plane 112, and prolonging the service life of the inclined plane 112. Thus, the connection strength, connection stiffness, and reliability of the two splines 1 are high.

[0081] ②The rotary torque can be accurately transmitted between the two splines 1, and the radial force and overturning moment can be borne.

[0082] (3) Further, in the design of the present application, the addendum heights of multiple teeth 11 are designed to be the same respectively, the dedendum heights of multiple teeth 11 are designed to be the same respectively, and the dimensional relationship between the addendum height h1 and the dedendum height h2 is designed to satisfy 0 ≤ h2 - h1 ≤ 2 μm. When two splines 1 are connected, when the addendum height h1 of one spline 1 is equal to the dedendum height h2 of the other spline 1, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can unconditionally achieve full tooth surface fitting; when the addendum height h1 of one spline 1 is less than the dedendum height h2 of the other spline 1, that is, 0 < h2 - h1 ≤ 2 μm, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can achieve full tooth surface fitting under the action of the axial pre-tightening force.

[0083] Specifically, when two splines 1 are connected, there is a first full tooth surface fit state and a second full tooth surface fit state between the two mating tooth surfaces, the fit tightness of the two mating tooth surfaces in the first full tooth surface fit state is less than the fit tightness of the two mating tooth surfaces in the second full tooth surface fit state, and the working pressure of the inclined plane 112 in the first full tooth surface fit state is less than the working pressure of the inclined plane 112 in the second full tooth surface fit state; when the tooth top height h1 of one spline 1 is equal to the tooth root height h2 of the other spline 1, the two mating tooth surfaces are in the first full tooth surface fit state; when the tooth top height h1 of one spline 1 is less than the tooth root height h2 of the other spline 1, the two mating tooth surfaces are in the second full tooth surface fit state;

[0084] The size parameters of h2 and h1 are designed so that when the two splines in the present application are used to connect the spindle and the tool handle, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can be well fitted under the axial pre-tensioning force applied by rivets or other tensioning members.

[0085] Thus, the improvement of the full tooth surface fit of the two splines 1 of the present application has the following effects:

[0086] ① It can avoid the problem that dust enters between the two matching tooth surfaces, resulting in a reduction in the matching area of ​​the two tooth surfaces and a deterioration in the connection reliability, and it can also avoid the problem that the coolant leaks through the gap between the two matching tooth surfaces when the spindle and the tool holder are connected by two splines, resulting in the difficulty in establishing the cooling pressure inside the tool;

[0087] ② It can realize accurate radial, axial and circumferential positioning, eliminate all six degrees of freedom between the two splines 1, so that the rotational torque can be accurately transmitted between the two splines 1, and can withstand radial force and overturning torque. In particular, when two rotating parts are connected by splines 1 and the rotating parts rotate at high speed, the axial preload between the two splines 1 will not relax, realizing a high-rigidity connection between the two high-speed rotating parts;

[0088] As a preferred example of this embodiment, the tooth surface of the spline 1 of this embodiment is formed by the side edge of the milling cutter. When the tooth surface of the spline 1 is processed by the side edge of the milling cutter, each generatrix on the tooth surface can be completely aligned with the generatrix on the rotating surface formed by the rotation of the milling cutter. In theory, there is no problem of processing error, and the processing quality is good. There is no need to deliberately leave gaps in some parts of the tooth surface to ensure that other parts of the two matching tooth surfaces are completely aligned; or a milling cutter and a grinding wheel are used for processing and forming. Preferably, the annular surface formed by the tooth surfaces of multiple teeth is formed by enveloping a cylindrical surface or a conical surface.

[0089] The present embodiment further proposes that the inclined plane 112 on one side of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the inclined plane 112 on the other side of the tooth top cone surface 111 are symmetrically arranged relative to the tooth top radial surface 154, and the tooth root cone surface 113 on one side of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the tooth root cone surface 113 on the other side of the tooth top cone surface 111 are symmetrically arranged relative to the tooth root radial surface 155.

[0090] The two adjacent teeth 11 are symmetrical with respect to the radial center plane of the tooth groove 12 formed between the two adjacent teeth 11; the tooth arrangement is optimized so that the two splines are reliably connected;

[0091] The tooth top radial surface 154 is a radial center surface of the tooth top passing through the spline axis 141 , and the tooth root radial surface 155 is a radial center surface of the tooth root passing through the spline axis 141 .

[0092] This embodiment also proposes that the tooth top conical surface 111 is symmetrical relative to the tooth top radial surface 154, and the tooth root conical surface 113 is symmetrical relative to the tooth root radial surface 155, so that the structural design of the tooth top conical surface 111 and the tooth root conical surface 113 is more reasonable, so as to further improve the reliability of the connection between the two splines 1.

[0093] The specific distribution mode and structure of the directrix of the tooth tip cone surface 111 and the directrix of the tooth root cone surface 113 are not limited; from the distribution mode, the directrix of the tooth tip cone surface 111 and the directrix of the tooth root cone surface 113 can be a plane curve or a space curve; from the structure, the directrix of the tooth tip cone surface 111 and the directrix of the tooth root cone surface 113 can be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a curve composed of arc segments and straight line segments, or the intersection of a certain cone and a curved surface, such as the intersection of a plane or the outer cylindrical surface of a spline;

[0094] In some embodiments, the directrix of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the directrix of the tooth root cone surface 113 are both circles, so the tooth top cone surface 111 and the tooth root cone surface 113 are both conical surfaces; the structure is simple, and the tooth 11 can be processed by a milling cutter with a larger diameter, and the rigidity, processing efficiency and processing accuracy of the milling cutter are relatively high;

[0095] In other embodiments, the directrix of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the directrix of the tooth root cone surface 113 are both ellipses, then the tooth top cone surface 111 and the tooth root cone surface 113 are both elliptical cone surfaces, and the major axis of the elliptical cone surface is perpendicular to the spline axis 141; the tooth height of the spline 1 is small, and the axial dimension of the spline 1 is small, which is suitable for occasions that are sensitive to structural size and weight; wherein the tooth height is the axial distance between the highest position busbar 114 of the tooth top and the lowest position busbar 115 of the tooth root.

[0096] This embodiment further proposes improvements, such as Figure 1dAs shown, the vertex of the tooth top cone surface 131 where the tooth top cone surface 111 is located is the intersection of the axis of the tooth top cone surface 111 (referred to as the tooth top axis 142) and the line 116 where the highest position generatrix is ​​located, and is usually located between the spline axis 141 and the tooth top cone surface 111, and will not cross the spline axis 141; the vertex of the tooth root cone surface 132 where the tooth root cone surface 113 is located is the intersection of the axis of the tooth root cone surface 113 (referred to as the tooth root axis 143) and the line 117 where the lowest position generatrix is ​​located, and is usually located between the spline axis 141 and the tooth root cone surface 113, and will not cross the spline. Axis 141; the tooth top axis 142 is tilted relative to the spline axis 141, the highest position generatrix 114 of the tooth top cone surface 111 is perpendicular to the spline axis 141, that is, the line 116 where the highest position generatrix is ​​located is perpendicular to the spline axis 141; the tooth root axis 143 is tilted relative to the spline axis 141, the lowest position generatrix 115 of the tooth root cone surface 113 is perpendicular to the spline axis 141, that is, the line 117 where the lowest position generatrix is ​​located is perpendicular to the spline axis 141; the structure of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the tooth root cone surface 113 is optimized, so that the two splines 1 can be reliably connected.

[0097] When the tooth top height h1 of the spline 1 is equal to the tooth root height h2 (i.e., the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can unconditionally achieve full tooth surface contact), the vertex of the tooth top base cone surface 131 where the tooth top cone surface 111 is located and the vertex of the tooth root base cone surface 132 where the tooth root cone surface 113 is located are on the same cone top cylindrical surface 156, such as Figure 1d As shown; when the tooth top height h1 of the spline 1 is less than the tooth root height h2 (that is, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can achieve full tooth surface contact under the action of the axial pre-tensioning force), the vertex of the tooth top base cone surface 131 where the tooth top cone surface 111 is located and the vertex of the tooth root base cone surface 132 where the tooth root cone surface 113 is located are not on the same cone top cylindrical surface; wherein the cone top cylindrical surface is a cylindrical surface that is coaxially arranged with the spline 1 and whose outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the spline 1;

[0098] Specifically, the tooth top axis 142, the line 116 where the highest position generatrix of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the spline axis 141 are all located within the tooth top radial surface 154, and the tooth root axis 143, the line 117 where the lowest position generatrix of the tooth root cone surface 113 and the spline axis 141 are all located within the tooth root radial surface 155; along the radial direction of the spline 1 from outside to inside, the tooth top axis 142 is obliquely upward relative to the spline axis 141, and the tooth root axis 143 is obliquely downward relative to the spline axis 141.

[0099] Further, if Figure 1dAs shown, the tangent of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the inclined plane 112 is the tooth top tangent 145, and the line where the projection of the tooth top tangent 145 on the tooth top radial surface 154 is located is the tooth top tangent projection line 147; the angle between the tooth top tangent projection line 147 and the tooth top section is θ, that is, the angle between the tooth top tangent projection line 147 and the line 116 where the highest position generatrix of the tooth top cone surface 111 is θ; the tangent of the tooth root cone surface 113 and the inclined plane 112 is the tooth root tangent 146, and the line where the projection of the tooth root tangent 146 on the tooth root radial surface 155 is located is the tooth root tangent projection line 148; the angle between the tooth root tangent projection line 148 and the tooth root section is δ, that is, the angle between the tooth root tangent projection line 148 and the line 117 where the lowest position generatrix of the tooth root cone surface 113 is δ;

[0100] Both θ and δ are naturally formed after other parameters are determined, and θ and δ satisfy: 3°≤θ≤25°, 3°≤δ≤25°; along the radial direction of the spline 1, the area of ​​the inclined plane 112 increases, which enlarges the contact area of ​​the two mating inclined planes 112 when the two splines are connected, and increases the load-bearing pressure of the inclined plane 112; preferably, θ is close to 10 degrees, and δ is close to 10 degrees.

[0101] In addition, the angle between the tooth top axis 142 and the line 116 where the highest position generatrix is ​​located is α, the angle between the tooth root axis 143 and the line 117 where the lowest position generatrix is ​​located is β, and the angle between the inclined plane 112 and the spline axis 141 is γ; the contact area between the tooth top cone surface 111 and the tooth root cone surface 113 when the two splines are connected is enlarged, and the bearing pressure of the matching tooth top cone surface 111 and the tooth root cone surface 113 is increased; preferably, α, β and γ satisfy: 5°≤α≤30°, 5°≤β≤30°, 5°≤γ≤45°; 0 degrees≤α-β≤10 -8 Spend.

[0102] Specifically, Figure 1c As shown, the tooth top cone surface 131 where the tooth top cone surface 111 is located is a cone surface with the tooth top axis 142 as the axis, the tooth top directrix 133 as the directrix, passing through the highest position generatrix 114, and the vertex on the radial inner side of the spline 1; the tooth top cone surface 111 is a part of the tooth top base cone surface 131;

[0103] The tooth root cone surface 113 is located at the tooth root base cone surface 132 which is a cone surface with the tooth root axis 143 as the axis, the tooth root directrix 134 as the directrix, passing through the lowest position generatrix 115, and the vertex on the radial inside of the spline 1; the tooth root cone surface 113 is a part of the tooth root base cone surface 132.

[0104] Taking the tooth top conical surface 111 and the tooth root conical surface 113 as an example, the specific structure and forming method of the tooth top conical surface 111 and the tooth root conical surface 113 are further described; Figure 1g As shown in the left part, an inner cylindrical surface 17 is made with the inner diameter of the spline 1 as the diameter and the spline axis 141 as the axis; it should be noted that the inner cylindrical surface 17 is a virtual shape, not a solid; the tooth 11 of the spline 1 will intersect with the inner cylindrical surface 17, and an intersection line showing the outline of the tooth 11 of the spline 1 can be formed; imagine that when a piece of paper with a thickness of 0 is unfolded into a plane, the intersection line is extended into a plane curve, and the plane curve is the involute line 18 of the above-mentioned intersection line, as shown in FIG. Figure 1g As shown in the right part;

[0105] The inclined plane 112 includes a first inclined plane 1121 and a second inclined plane 1122. The involute line segment corresponding to the first inclined plane 1121 is a first segment 181 on the involute line 18, the involute line segment corresponding to the tooth top cone surface 111 is a second segment 182 on the involute line 18, the involute line segment corresponding to the second inclined plane 1122 is a third segment 183 on the involute line 18, and the involute line segment corresponding to the tooth root cone surface 113 is a fourth segment 184 on the involute line 18. The first segment 181 and the third segment 183 are inclined lines, and the second segment 182 and the fourth segment 184 are both elliptical arcs; the first segment 181 and the second segment 182 are tangent to each other at the first endpoint 191, the second segment 182 and the third segment 183 are tangent to each other at the second endpoint 192, and the third segment 183 and the fourth segment 184 are tangent to each other at the third endpoint 193;

[0106] like Figure 1g The teeth 11 of the spline 1 shown can be machined by the side edge of a milling cutter, the outer diameter of the milling cutter is 5 mm, and the minimum gap between the tooth top and the mating tooth root when two splines 1 are connected is 0.5 μm, and the maximum gap is 2 μm, that is, the curvature radius of the progressive extension line of the tooth top cone surface 111 and the curvature radius of the progressive extension line of the tooth root cone surface 113 are designed so that when two identical splines 1 are connected, the gap between the tooth top and the mating tooth root is between 0.0001 times and 0.0004 times the diameter of the milling cutter.

[0107] Preferably, the spline 1 in the present embodiment includes 9 teeth 11, with an outer diameter of 63.5 mm, an inner diameter of 52 mm, a pressure angle of 20°, a tooth top height of 4.9995 mm, and a tooth root height of 5 mm; the tooth top cone surface 111, the inclined plane 112 and the tooth root cone surface 113 are all developable surfaces, and when the side edge of the milling cutter is used to fine-tune the teeth 11 of the spline 1 in a line contact manner, the axis of the milling cutter must swing during the machining process; therefore, the side edge of a cylindrical milling cutter or a conical milling cutter can be used on a five-axis linkage machining center to mill the teeth 11 of the spline 1; compared with the hickey disc, continuous machining by the side edge of the milling cutter in a line contact manner can achieve at least one order of magnitude of efficiency improvement, and allow the existence of an axial extension in the center of the spline 1.

[0108] <Spline assembly>

[0109] like Figure 2a and Figure 2b As shown, this embodiment provides a spline assembly, including a first spline and a second spline, wherein the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are both splines described in any one of the above items; the tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the tooth surface of the second spline 162 cooperate to connect the first spline 161 and the second spline 162;

[0110] When the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are connected, there are two matching states between the tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the tooth surface of the second spline 162; the two matching states include a full tooth surface fit state and a partial tooth surface fit state, the full tooth surface fit state refers to a state in which the entire tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the entire tooth surface of the second spline 162 are fully fit, the partial tooth surface fit state refers to a state in which only all inclined planes 112 of the first spline 161 and all inclined planes 112 of the second spline 162 are fit, there are micrometer or submicrometer gaps between all tooth top cone surfaces 111 of the first spline 161 and all tooth root cone surfaces 113 of the second spline 162, and there are micrometer or submicrometer gaps between all tooth root cone surfaces 113 of the first spline 161 and all tooth top cone surfaces 111 of the second spline 162:

[0111] When α=β, no matter whether the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are subjected to preload force, the tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the tooth surface of the second spline 162 are in a full tooth surface contact state;

[0112] When α>β, ① if the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are not subjected to a preload, the tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the tooth surface of the second spline 162 are in a partially tooth surface fit state; ② if the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are subjected to a preload and the preload reaches a preset pressure, the gaps between all tooth top cone surfaces 111 of the first spline 161 and all tooth root cone surfaces 113 of the second spline 162, and the gaps between all tooth root cone surfaces 113 of the first spline 161 and all tooth top cone surfaces 111 of the second spline 162 disappear, and the tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the tooth surface of the second spline 162 are both in a fully tooth surface fit state;

[0113] This matching method can ensure that the required preset pressure can be obtained between the tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the tooth surface of the second spline 162 when the minimum axial preload is used, and as the gap disappears, the preset pressure is evenly distributed on the two matching tooth surfaces; the two matching tooth surfaces are tightly fitted to prevent dust from invading the interior of the connection between the two splines 1 through the two matching tooth surfaces, and can also prevent the coolant from leaking through the connection between the two splines when the spindle and the tool holder are connected by the two splines; it is suitable for the connection between two high-speed rotating parts. During high-speed rotation, the axial preload between the two splines 1 will not be relaxed, and the connection strength and reliability are high; in addition, it is easy to install and disassemble, and has high cost performance.

[0114] Example 2

[0115] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a spindle tool handle mechanism, comprising a spindle box 2, a spindle, a tool handle 3 and any of the above-mentioned spline components; the spindle is arranged in the spindle box 2, and a first spline 161 is formed at one end of the spindle, and a second spline 162 is formed at one end of the tool handle 3, and the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 cooperate to connect the spindle and the tool handle 3;

[0116] At present, in the machine tool industry, commonly used tool holders 3 include BT tool holders and HSK tool holders. When high-speed cutting is performed, the spindle's axial hole will expand under the action of centrifugal force, and the BT tool holder will be pulled deeper into the spindle's axial hole by the broaching mechanism, causing the axial position of the tool to change, resulting in reduced machining accuracy. The HSK tool holder uses additional end face positioning to prevent the tool holder 3 from being further pulled into the spindle's axial hole, but the expansion of the spindle's axial hole will reduce the connection stiffness between the HSK tool holder and the spindle.

[0117] Compared with BT tool holders and HSK tool holders, the tool holder 3 in this embodiment can provide higher connection rigidity, load-bearing capacity, positioning accuracy and high-speed adaptability; ① The second spline 162 does not rely on the main shaft shaft hole positioning, and all positioning is achieved on the end face of the main shaft; whether the main shaft shaft hole expands or not has no effect on the positioning of the tool holder 3; ② The tooth height of the second spline 162 is much smaller than the taper handle length of the two tool holders, so the stroke length of the tool changing mechanism can be shortened, thereby shortening the tool changing time; this is of certain value for small and complex parts that require frequent tool changes, such as mobile phone housings; ③ Since the second spline 162 has geometric features that can achieve high-speed finishing, the manufacturing cost of the tool holder 3 in this embodiment is lower than that of any of the BT tool holders and HSK tool holders;

[0118] For the processing of small and complex parts, a machining center may be equipped with dozens of tool holders 3. If HSK tool holders are used, the cost is very high. By using the tool holder 3 in this embodiment, better performance than HSK tool holders can be obtained at a lower price than BT tool holders.

[0119] Example 3

[0120] like Figures 4a to 4c As shown, this embodiment provides a transmission mechanism, including a disc-shaped member 41, a rotating shaft 42 and any of the above-mentioned spline assemblies, wherein a first spline 161 is formed at one end of the disc-shaped member 41, a shaft shoulder 421 is formed at the rotating shaft 42, and a second spline 162 is formed at one end of the shaft shoulder 421; the second spline 162 cooperates with the first spline 161 to connect the rotating shaft 42 and the disc-shaped member 41;

[0121] Specifically, the disc-shaped member 41 is formed with an axial hole 411, and the end of the axial hole 411 away from the first spline 161 is a tapered section, and a tapered expansion sleeve 43 is arranged in the tapered section; the rotating shaft 42 is sequentially arranged in the axial hole 411 and the tapered expansion sleeve 43, and the side wall of the tapered expansion sleeve 43 is formed with an opening that penetrates the tapered expansion sleeve 43, so that when the tapered expansion sleeve 43 is squeezed by the tapered section, the radius of the tapered expansion sleeve 43 is reduced and the rotating shaft is tightly held, thereby providing auxiliary radial support and positioning functions for the rotating shaft 42; the shaft shoulder 421 is located at one end of the disc-shaped member 41, and the shaft shoulder 421 and the disc-shaped member The rotating shaft 41 is connected to the first spline 161 through the second spline 162; the other end of the rotating shaft 42 is located at the other end of the disc-shaped member 41, and the rotating shaft 42 and the disc-shaped member 41 are fixedly connected through the nut 44 and the conical expansion sleeve 43, and the nut 44 provides an axial clamping force to the rotating shaft 42 through the conical expansion sleeve 43; the rotation of either the disc-shaped member 41 or the rotating shaft 42 can drive the other to rotate; specifically, the other end of the rotating shaft 42 is formed with an external thread, and the nut 44 is formed with an internal thread, and the external thread and the internal thread cooperate to connect the rotating shaft 42 and the nut 44;

[0122] The splines and threads on the rotating shaft 42 can be all processed in one clamping on a large horizontal turning-milling compound machining center, and assembly and disassembly are simple; when processing the splines on the rotating shaft 42, the tip of the milling cutter is directed toward the axis of the shoulder 421, and the spline 1 can be milled; in addition, the second spline 162 can also be processed by a five-axis linkage turning-milling compound machining center or a horizontal five-axis machining center.

[0123] Compared with the commonly used flat key and semicircular key connections, the spline 1 connection in this embodiment has high strength, good performance and high reliability for the rotating shaft 42; compared with the involute spline 1 connection, less processing equipment is required, the processing process is simple and the processing time is short.

[0124] Specifically, the spline 1 in this embodiment includes 30 teeth 11, with an outer diameter of 225mm, an inner diameter of 195mm, a pressure angle of 20°, a tooth top height of 5.4995mm, and a tooth root height of 5.5mm; the disc-shaped member 41 forms a disc gear with 98 teeth, a module of 10, an outer diameter of 1000mm, and a tooth surface width of 100mm.

[0125] Example 4

[0126] The present embodiment provides a transmission mechanism, comprising a disc-shaped member 41, a rotating shaft 42 and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above items; the disc-shaped member 41 forms a disc gear, the rotating shaft 42 forms a shaft gear, one end of the disc gear forms a first spline 161, and one end of the shaft gear forms a second spline 162; the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 cooperate so that the torque of the disc gear is directly transmitted to the shaft gear without passing through the rotating shaft 42, which not only reduces the force on the rotating shaft 42, but also compresses the volume and weight of the mechanism, and can also reduce the manufacturing and assembly costs; the transmission mechanism is suitable for a multi-stage reducer, and the connection through the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 can replace the connection through the intermediate shaft.

[0127] Example 5

[0128] The present embodiment provides a transmission mechanism for a winch; the transmission mechanism includes a drum, a driving gear and a spline assembly as described in any one of the above items; a first spline 161 is formed at one end of the drum, and a second spline 162 is formed at one end of the driving gear; the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 cooperate so that the torque on the driving gear is directly transmitted to the drum without passing through the shaft, so that the winch shaft does not need to bear the torque at all, which can compress the volume and weight of the winch mechanism, greatly improve the life and reliability of the winch mechanism, and can be used in occasions with high requirements on the volume, weight and reliability of the structure, such as offshore heavy industry.

[0129] Example 6

[0130] This embodiment provides a turbine machine, including a turbine shaft, an impeller and any of the spline assemblies described above, wherein a first spline 161 is formed at one end of the turbine shaft, and a second spline 162 is formed at one end of the impeller; the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 cooperate to connect the turbine shaft and the impeller; not only can the processing efficiency be greatly improved and the manufacturing cost be reduced, but also higher airtightness performance can be obtained to prevent cracks caused by stress concentration from occurring at the tooth root.

[0131] Example 7

[0132] This embodiment provides a wheel mechanism, comprising a plurality of turbines arranged in sequence and any of the above-mentioned spline assemblies, wherein a first spline 161 is formed at one axial end of the turbine, and a second spline 162 is formed at the other axial end of the turbine; two adjacent turbines can be rigidly connected as one through the first spline 161 and the second spline 162, without the need for an intermediate shaft, and the air tightness of the connection between the two turbines can be improved; or,

[0133] The wheel mechanism comprises a plurality of compressor impellers arranged in sequence and any of the above-mentioned spline assemblies, wherein a first spline 161 is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller, and a second spline 162 is formed at the other axial end of the compressor impeller; two adjacent compressor impellers can be rigidly connected as one through the first spline 161 and the second spline 162, without the need for an intermediate shaft, and can improve the air tightness of the connection between the two compressor impellers; or,

[0134] The wheel mechanism includes a turbine and a compressor impeller arranged adjacent to each other and the spline assembly described in any one of the above items, a first spline 161 is formed at one axial end of the turbine, and a second spline 162 is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller; the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 cooperate to rigidly connect the turbine and the compressor impeller as one, without the need for an intermediate shaft, and can improve the air tightness of the connection between the turbine and the compressor impeller.

[0135] On a vertical five-axis linkage turning-milling composite machining center or a vertical five-axis machining center, the tip of the milling cutter is kept away from the axis of the turbine / compressor impeller, so that the splines on the turbine / compressor impeller can be milled; if the inner diameter of the spline can accommodate the milling cutter and the spindle head, and the turbine / compressor impeller does not interfere with the bed being processed, the processing programming is relatively easy to implement; otherwise, it is necessary to attach a right-angle milling head, a bevel milling head or a parallel axis milling head to the spindle to send the milling cutter to the processing position, and at the same time, a high level of processing programming capability is required.

[0136] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are specifically shown and described above. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the detailed structures, configurations or implementations described herein; on the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent configurations included in the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spline, characterized in that: The transmission end of the spline (1) is formed with a plurality of teeth (11) evenly distributed along the circumference of the spline (1); The tooth surfaces of the plurality of teeth (11) are sequentially connected to form an annular curved surface, and the annular curved surface is a first-order continuous periodic waveform surface; The tooth surface of each tooth (11) comprises a tooth top conical surface (111), a tooth root conical surface (113), and an inclined plane (112) tangentially connected between the tooth top conical surface (111) and the tooth root conical surface (113), wherein the inclined plane (112) is arranged obliquely relative to the axis of the spline (1); The tooth tip cone surface (111), the inclined plane (112) and the tooth root cone surface (113) are all working tooth surfaces, and are all developable curved surfaces; The tooth top heights of the plurality of teeth (11) are respectively the same, and the tooth root heights of the plurality of teeth (11) are respectively the same; the tooth top height is h1, the tooth root height is h2, and h1 and h2 satisfy: 0≤h2-h1≤2μm.

2. The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooth tip conical surface (111) is symmetrical with respect to the tooth tip radial surface (154), and the tooth root conical surface (113) is symmetrical with respect to the tooth root radial surface (155); The tooth top conical surface (111) is arranged to form a tooth top, and the tooth top radial surface (154) is the radial center plane of the tooth top passing through the axis of the spline (1); the tooth root conical surface (113) is arranged to form a tooth root, and the tooth root radial surface (155) is the radial center plane of the tooth root passing through the axis of the spline (1).

3. The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axis of the tooth tip cone surface (111) is arranged obliquely relative to the axis of the spline (1), and the highest position generatrix (114) of the tooth tip cone surface (111) is perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1); and / or, The axis of the tooth root cone surface (113) is arranged obliquely relative to the axis of the spline (1), and the lowest position generatrix (115) of the tooth root cone surface (113) is perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1).

4. The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two adjacent teeth (11) are symmetrical with respect to the radial center plane of the tooth groove (12) formed between the two adjacent teeth (11).

5. The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooth tip cone surface (111) and the tooth root cone surface (113) are both conical surfaces; or, The tooth top cone surface (111) and the tooth root cone surface (113) are both elliptical cone surfaces, and the major axis of the elliptical cone surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1).

6. The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular curved surface can be formed by enveloping a cylindrical surface or a conical surface.

7. The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular curved surface is designed to be machined and shaped by the side edge of a milling cutter.

8. The spline according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the projection of the tangent (145) of the tooth top conical surface (111) and the inclined plane (112) on the tooth top radial surface (154) and the tooth top section is θ; the angle between the projection of the tangent (146) of the tooth root conical surface (113) and the inclined plane (112) on the tooth root radial surface (155) and the tooth root section is δ; The θ and δ satisfy: 3°≤θ≤25°, 3°≤δ≤25°; The tooth top section is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1) and tangent to the tooth top cone surface (111), and the tooth root section is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1) and tangent to the tooth root cone surface (113).

9. The spline according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle between the inclined plane (112) and the axis of the spline (1) is γ, and γ satisfies: 5°≤γ≤45°.

10. The spline according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle between the axis of the tooth top cone surface (111) and the highest position generatrix (114) is α, and the angle between the axis of the tooth root cone surface (113) and the lowest position generatrix (115) is β; The α and β satisfy: 5°≤α≤30°, 5°≤β≤30°.

11. The spline according to claim 10, characterized in that The α and β also satisfy: 0 degrees ≤ α-β ≤ 10 -8 Spend.

12. A spline assembly, characterized in that: It comprises a first spline (161) and a second spline (162), wherein the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) are both the splines described in any one of claims 1 to 9; the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) cooperate with each other for connecting the first spline (161) and the second spline (162).

13. A spline assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first spline (161) and a second spline (162), wherein the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) are both splines according to any one of claims 10 to 11; the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) cooperate with each other, and are used for connecting the first spline (161) and the second spline (162); When the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) are connected, there are two matching states between the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162); the two matching states include a full tooth surface fit state and a partial tooth surface fit state, the full tooth surface fit state refers to a state in which the entire tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the entire tooth surface of the second spline (162) are fully fit, and the partial tooth surface fit state refers to a state in which only all inclined planes (112) of the first spline (161) and all inclined planes (112) of the second spline (162) are fit; When α=β, the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) are in the full tooth surface contact state; When α>β and the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) are not subjected to a preload, the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) are in the partially tooth surface contact state; When α>β and the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) are subjected to a preload, the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) are in the full tooth surface contact state.

14. A spindle toolholder mechanism for a machine tool; characterized in that: The spindle-tool handle mechanism comprises a spindle, a tool handle (3) and a spline assembly as described in any one of claims 12 to 13; a first spline (161) is formed at one end of the spindle, and a second spline (162) is formed at one end of the tool handle (3); the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) cooperate to connect the spindle and the tool handle (3).

15. A rotating wheel mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of turbines arranged in sequence and a spline assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein a first spline (161) is formed at one axial end of the turbine and a second spline (162) is formed at the other axial end of the turbine; two adjacent turbines can be connected as a whole through the first spline (161) and the second spline (162); or, The wheel mechanism comprises a plurality of compressor impellers arranged in sequence and a spline assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein a first spline (161) is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller, and a second spline (162) is formed at the other axial end of the compressor impeller; two adjacent compressor impellers can be connected as a whole via the first spline (161) and the second spline (162); or, The wheel mechanism comprises an adjacently arranged turbine and compressor impeller and a spline assembly as described in any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein a first spline (161) is formed at one axial end of the turbine, and a second spline (162) is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller; the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) cooperate to connect the turbine and the compressor impeller as a whole.

16. A transmission mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a disc-shaped member (41), a rotating shaft (42) and a spline assembly as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein a first spline (161) is formed at one end of the disc-shaped member (41), a shaft shoulder (421) is formed on the rotating shaft (42), and a second spline (162) is formed at one end of the shaft shoulder (421); the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) cooperate to enable the disc-shaped member (41) and the rotating shaft (42) to be transmission-connected.

17. A transmission mechanism for a winch; characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes a reel, a driving gear and a spline assembly as described in any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein a first spline (161) is formed at one end of the reel, and a second spline (162) is formed at one end of the driving gear; the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) cooperate to enable the reel and the driving gear to be connected in transmission.

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