A Smart Building Temperature Control Load Demand Response Control Method

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent building temperature-controlled load demand response control method, relating to the field of building temperature-controlled load control technology. It includes: establishing a building heat exchange model based on three parts: heat transferred from the building exterior to rooms through the building envelope via solar radiation; heat transferred between ground-floor rooms and the ground; and heat transferred between adjacent rooms within the building via the building envelope. Based on this heat exchange model, and incorporating the heat released by the work done by the temperature-controlled loads within the rooms, the overall dynamic heat process of the rooms within the building is modeled. An intelligent building temperature-controlled load cluster scheduling model is constructed to minimize the operating cost of the temperature-controlled load cluster within the building, and to guide the temperature-controlled loads to participate in peak shaving and valley filling in conjunction with current time-of-use electricity pricing policies. This invention more comprehensively considers the heat transfer of various parts of the building envelope, improving the accuracy of day-ahead scheduling of the intelligent building temperature-controlled load cluster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building temperature control load scheduling optimization technology, and in particular to an intelligent building temperature control load demand response control method. Background Technology

[0002] Demand-side management (management of electricity consumption) is an important means of optimizing power system resource allocation and improving the utilization efficiency of power equipment. It can effectively alleviate the regulation pressure during peak load periods and provide an effective solution for reducing peak-valley differences and improving system reliability. According to the "Annual Development Research Report on Building Energy Conservation in China," in 2020, the total energy consumption of buildings in my country accounted for approximately 21% of the country's total energy consumption, and the electricity consumption of public buildings accounted for more than 50% of the total electricity consumption of buildings. Therefore, smart buildings have great potential for participating in demand response projects.

[0003] In recent years, some scholars have used computational heat load models to describe indoor temperature changes based on the heat storage characteristics of buildings, establishing virtual energy storage models based on temperature-controlled loads to participate in demand response. By actively advancing or delaying the operation time of temperature-controlled loads, they have reduced the energy costs of building temperature-controlled loads and also reduced the peak-to-valley difference in the system. However, these temperature-controlled load models typically treat each room as an independent building or use specific floors as typical floors for modeling, neglecting heat transfer between floors and between the soil layer and the ground, resulting in insufficient accuracy and potentially causing unnecessary energy and cost waste. Therefore, improving the accuracy of building heat load models is the focus of this research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an intelligent building temperature control load demand response control method to solve the problems of insufficient modeling accuracy and energy waste caused by neglecting the heat exchange between the room and the outside of the building envelope and the ground. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A method for intelligent building temperature control and load demand response includes the following steps:

[0006] A building heat exchange model is established based on three parts: heat transferred from the building exterior and solar radiation to the rooms through the building envelope; heat transferred between the rooms on the ground floor and the ground; and heat transferred between adjacent rooms inside the building through the building envelope.

[0007] Based on the building heat exchange model, and combined with the heat release from the work done by the temperature control load inside the building rooms, the overall heat dynamic process of the rooms inside the building is modeled.

[0008] Construct an intelligent building temperature-controlled load cluster scheduling model to minimize the operating cost of temperature-controlled load clusters in buildings, and guide temperature-controlled loads to participate in peak shaving and valley filling in conjunction with the current time-of-use electricity pricing policy.

[0009] Preferably, the building's indoor heat balance equation is:

[0010]

[0011] In the formula, Q represents the indoor heat, and ΔQ represents the change in indoor heat per unit time. For the heat gained indoors, This represents the heat loss indoors.

[0012] Preferably, the expression for the heat dissipation of the maintenance structure is as follows:

[0013]

[0014] In the above formula, the subscript i represents the i-th part of the enclosure structure, and q r,i,t K represents the heat loss of the building envelope. r,i Let A be the heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope. r,i Let θ be the area of ​​the enclosure structure. r,i,t and These represent the external temperature of the building envelope i and the internal room temperature, respectively; when the building envelope i is exposed to direct sunlight, s is taken as... r,i,t Set to 1 if it is 1, otherwise set to 0; v r,i Let i be the heat absorption rate of the building envelope. Let Δt be the light intensity corresponding to the enclosure structure i, and Δt be the unit time length;

[0015] Since a building's rooms consist of N building envelopes, the total heat loss of a room is equal to the sum of the heat loss of each of the N building envelopes, as expressed below:

[0016]

[0017] Preferably, based on the building heat exchange model, the overall dynamic process of heat in the building's rooms is modeled by combining the heat released from the work done by the temperature control load inside the building's rooms. Specifically, the physical model of the temperature control load is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, u represents the operating state of the temperature-controlled load, which is 1 when the equipment is working and 0 when it is not working; η is the efficiency coefficient of the temperature-controlled load. The rated power of the temperature control equipment;

[0020] Based on the above, the dynamic model describing changes in indoor heat in a building is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Based on the above equation, the dynamic model of indoor temperature is obtained as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, C r Let r be the heat capacity of room r.

[0025] Preferably, an intelligent building temperature-controlled load cluster scheduling model is constructed to minimize the operating cost of the temperature-controlled load cluster in the building. This model, combined with the current time-of-use pricing policy, guides temperature-controlled loads to participate in peak shaving and valley filling. Specifically, the objective of the scheduling model is to minimize the operating cost of the temperature-controlled load cluster in the building, and the objective function is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, Let t be the time-of-use electricity price for period t.

[0028] Preferably, the constraints of the objective function include comfort constraints, specifically:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, θ and These represent the lower and upper limits of the user's comfortable temperature, respectively.

[0031] Preferably, the constraints on the objective function include temperature continuity constraints, specifically:

[0032] The indoor temperature at time t+1 is related to the indoor temperature at time t, the start / stop status of the temperature control load, the orientation of the room envelope, the intensity of sunlight, the indoor-outdoor temperature difference, and the ambient temperature difference.

[0033] Preferably, the constraints of the objective function include action time constraints, specifically:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, and These are the minimum allowable on-time and minimum off-time for the temperature-controlled load, respectively. and These represent the duration of continuous operation of the temperature-controlled load up to the t-1 scheduling period.

[0036] Preferably, the enclosure structure comprises a three-layer non-soil-attached composite structure, then the heat transfer coefficient is:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, R i,0 This represents the thermal resistance of the building envelope i, which is equal to the thermal resistance R of the inner surface of the building envelope. i,1 External surface thermal resistance R i,2 and the total thermal resistance R of the inner layer material of the building envelope i,3 The sum of the three;

[0039] The total thermal resistance of the inner layer materials of the building envelope is the sum of the thermal resistances of all the materials constituting the building envelope, that is:

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, L k λ represents the thickness of the k-th layer of maintenance material. k Let n represent the thermal conductivity of the k-th layer of the inner lining material, and n be the number of inner lining layers.

[0042] Preferably, the maintenance structure includes a non-insulated mortar layer at the bottom of the building, in which case the heat transfer coefficient from indoor to outdoor will vary depending on the distance from the wall, and the heat transfer coefficient is divided into four zones according to the distance from the wall.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] 1. In this invention, compared with the traditional temperature control load of each room, the addition of uneven heat transfer between floors and the ground provides a more comprehensive consideration of the heat transfer of each part of the building's maintenance structure. By calculating the temperature control load in different areas of the ground, a more accurate prediction of the energy consumption of the temperature control load is achieved, thus improving the accuracy of the day-ahead scheduling of the temperature control load cluster in intelligent buildings.

[0045] 2. In this invention, for the intelligent building as a whole, daytime scheduling can achieve the goal of meeting the temperature comfort constraints of all rooms while ensuring that the total energy consumption of temperature control load in some rooms is less than that in other rooms, thereby achieving energy saving and cost reduction from the perspective of the building as the main body. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an intelligent building temperature control load demand response control method according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram illustrating the heat exchange pathways between rooms inside a building and the outside.

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a one-dimensional heat transfer process in a composite enclosure structure;

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the division of heat transfer zones in the ground-facing floor. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0053] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0054] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0055] Example:

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, for a room within a building, the room temperatures of its adjacent and upper / lower floors are considered as ambient temperatures, and these temperatures influence the room through the building envelope. For earth-facing floors, the path of heat transfer from the ground to the outside is modeled as four heat transfer zones based on distance from the exterior wall. Considering indoor temperature comfort constraints and temperature control equipment activation time constraints, a smart building temperature control load cluster scheduling model is established.

[0057] Please see Figure 1 A method for intelligent building temperature control and load demand response control includes the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Constructing a heat transfer model for the building envelope, specifically, as follows... Figure 2 As shown, the heat exchange between a room inside a building and the outside of that room can be divided into three parts according to the pathway: heat transferred from the outside temperature and solar radiation to the room through the building envelope, heat transferred between the room on the ground floor and the ground, and heat transferred between adjacent rooms inside the building through the building envelope.

[0059] In this study, it is assumed that the air temperature field inside the room is uniformly distributed, the heat conduction along the surface direction inside the building envelope is ignored, the heat is considered to be conducted only along the one-dimensional direction of the thickness of the building envelope, and the heat loss due to infiltration caused by gaps such as building doors and windows is not considered.

[0060] Indoor heat balance equation:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, Q represents the indoor heat, and ΔQ represents the change in indoor heat per unit time. For the heat gained indoors, This represents the heat loss indoors.

[0063] Heat loss of building envelope

[0064]

[0065] In the above formula, the subscript i represents the i-th part of the enclosure structure, and q r,i,t K represents the heat loss of the building envelope. r,i Let A be the heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope. r,i Let θ be the area of ​​the enclosure structure. r,i,t and These represent the external temperature of the building envelope i and the internal room temperature, respectively; when the building envelope i is exposed to direct sunlight, s is taken as... r,i,t Set to 1 if it is 1, otherwise set to 0; v r,i Let i be the heat absorption rate of the building envelope. Let Δt be the light intensity corresponding to the enclosure structure i, and Δt be the unit time length;

[0066] The first part of equation (2) This indicates the heat exchange between the building envelope and the air, Part Two. This refers to the heat directly obtained from sunlight.

[0067] If the enclosure structure of the room is as follows: Figure 3 The structure shown is a composite structure without a soil-attached layer. The heat transfer coefficient is:

[0068]

[0069] In equation (3), R i,0 This represents the thermal resistance of the building envelope i, which is equal to the thermal resistance R of the inner surface of the building envelope.i,1 External surface thermal resistance R i,2 and the total thermal resistance R of the inner layer material of the building envelope i,3 The sum of the three.

[0070] Total thermal resistance of the inner layer material of the building envelope:

[0071]

[0072] In equation (4), L k λ represents the thickness of the k-th layer of maintenance material. k Let represent the thermal conductivity of the k-th layer of the building envelope. Equation (4) indicates that the total thermal resistance of the inner layer of the building envelope is the sum of the thermal resistances of the materials of each layer of the building envelope.

[0073] If the room's enclosure structure i is a non-insulated mortar layer on the building's ground floor, the heat transfer coefficient from the interior to the exterior will vary depending on the distance from the walls. The heat transfer coefficient is divided into four zones based on the distance from the walls, as shown in the reference. Figure 4 The width of the first to third zones is 2m, and the remaining part is the fourth zone. The values ​​are shown in Table 1. The area of ​​the gray area near the corner of the first zone needs to be calculated twice.

[0074] Table 1 Heat transfer coefficient of non-insulated floor

[0075]

[0076] In summary, since a building's rooms consist of N building envelopes, the total heat loss of a room is equal to the sum of the heat loss of each of the N building envelopes, as expressed below:

[0077]

[0078] In this embodiment, assuming the room has a rectangular structure, the room's enclosure structure has 6 parts, i.e., i∈{1,2,3,4,5,6}, or N=6. Therefore, the total heat consumption of the building (room) is:

[0079]

[0080] Equation (6) represents the heat loss Q of a room or building. lost Equal to the heat loss q of each part of the building envelope i The sum of .

[0081] Step two, construction of indoor temperature dynamic model. Specifically, based on the heat exchange model between the room and the outside, the heat released by the work done by the temperature controlled load (TCL) inside the room is combined to model the overall heat dynamic process of the rooms inside the building.

[0082] Assuming that the temperature control loads inside the building are all fixed-frequency devices, that is, the devices operate at rated power when working and the power is 0 when not working.

[0083] Temperature-controlled load physical model:

[0084]

[0085] In the formula, u represents the operating state of the temperature-controlled load, which is 1 when the equipment is working and 0 when it is not working. η is the efficiency coefficient of the temperature-controlled load. This refers to the rated power of the temperature control equipment.

[0086] Based on equation (1), and combining equations (6) and (7), a dynamic model describing changes in indoor heat in a building can be obtained:

[0087]

[0088] Based on equation (8), the dynamic model of indoor temperature is obtained:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, C r Let r be the heat capacity of room r.

[0091] Step 3: Construction of the intelligent building temperature control load cluster scheduling model, as detailed below:

[0092] Objective function:

[0093]

[0094] In equation (10), Let t be the time-of-use electricity price for period t. Equation (10) means that the goal of the scheduling model is to minimize the operating cost of temperature-controlled load clusters in buildings, and to guide temperature-controlled loads to participate in peak shaving and valley filling in conjunction with the current time-of-use electricity price policy, thereby improving the stability of the power system.

[0095] Constraints:

[0096] 1. Comfort constraints:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula, θ and These represent the lower and upper limits of the user's comfortable temperature, respectively.

[0099] 2. Temperature continuity constraint:

[0100]

[0101] Equation (11) indicates that the indoor temperature at time t+1 is related to the indoor temperature at time t, the start / stop status of the temperature control load, the orientation of the room envelope, the intensity of sunlight, the indoor-outdoor temperature difference, and the ambient temperature difference.

[0102] 3. Action Time Constraints

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, and These are the minimum allowable on-time and minimum off-time for the temperature-controlled load, respectively. and The terms are the length of time that the temperature-controlled load has been running continuously up to the t-1 scheduling period. Equation (13) indicates that the temperature-controlled load equipment should meet its minimum on / off time before it is activated in order to avoid equipment damage.

[0105] To illustrate the impact of uneven heat transfer in the building's soil lining layer on indoor temperature, the optimization period for the day-ahead scheduling model of the temperature control load cluster in a certain building (a) was set to 4 hours. The building parameter information is shown in Table 2.

[0106] Table 2 Architectural Parameters

[0107]

[0108] In addition, a set of buildings b, which uses a traditional building envelope heat transfer model for comparison, was set up. The building parameters are shown in Table 3.

[0109] Table 3 Building b parameters

[0110]

[0111] Building b uses a traditional building envelope heat transfer model, therefore heat transfer between floors and uneven heat transfer in the soil-contacting floors are not considered; that is, heat transfer in the ground and roof envelopes is not taken into account. Apart from this, all other aspects are the same as in building a.

[0112] The parameters of the temperature control load equipment in buildings a and b are shown in Table 4:

[0113] Table 4 Parameters of Temperature Control Load Equipment

[0114]

[0115] The optimized scheduling results of the first-floor rooms in buildings a and b are shown in Table 5:

[0116] Table 5 Energy Consumption of Temperature Control Load on the First Floor of the Building

[0117] Power consumption (kWh) Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Room 4 sum Architecture a 3 2.25 2.5 3 10.75 Building b 2.25 1.5 1.75 2.25 7.75

[0118] It can be seen that, compared to the temperature control load of individual rooms within building B, building A, by incorporating inter-floor and uneven ground heat transfer, more comprehensively considers the heat transfer of various parts of the building's structural envelope. Through zoned calculations of the ground-level soil layer, it achieves more accurate predictions of temperature control load energy consumption, improving the accuracy of day-ahead scheduling of the intelligent building's temperature control load cluster. Furthermore, for the intelligent building as a whole, day-ahead scheduling can ensure the temperature comfort constraints of all rooms are met even when the total energy consumption of temperature control load in some rooms is less than that in other rooms, achieving energy savings and cost reduction from a building-centric perspective.

[0119] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units of the various examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of the invention.

[0120] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the division of units is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units can be combined into one unit, one unit can be split into multiple units, or some features can be ignored.

[0121] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0122] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent building temperature control and load demand response control, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: According to the heat exchange model of the building, the heat exchange between the room on the ground floor and the ground, and the heat exchange between adjacent rooms in the building through the building envelope are established. On the basis of the building heat exchange model, the heat dynamic process of the whole room in the building is modeled by combining the heat release of the temperature control load in the room. An intelligent building temperature control load cluster scheduling model is constructed to minimize the operation cost of the temperature control load cluster in the building, and the existing time-of-use electricity price policy is used to guide the temperature control load to participate in peak shaving and valley filling. The indoor heat balance equation of the building is as follows: where Q is the heat in the room, ΔQ is the change in heat in the room per unit time, is the heat gained in the room, is the heat lost in the room; The heat consumption of the maintenance structure is expressed as follows: In the above formula, subscript i represents the ith part of the envelope, q r,i,t represents the heat consumption of the envelope, K r,i is the heat transfer coefficient of the envelope, A r,i is the area of the envelope, θ r,i,t and are the outside temperature of the maintenance structure i and the inside room temperature of the room, respectively; s r,i,t is 1 when the envelope i is directly exposed to sunlight, otherwise 0; v r,i is the heat absorption rate of the envelope i, is the corresponding light intensity of the envelope i, and Δt is the unit time length; Since the room of the building has N maintenance structures, the total heat consumption of the room is equal to the sum of the heat consumptions of the N maintenance structures, and the expression is as follows: On the basis of the building heat exchange model, the heat dynamic process of the whole room in the building is modeled by combining the heat release of the temperature control load in the room, and the physical model of the temperature control load is as follows: In the formula, u is the working state of the temperature-controlled load, 1 when the device is working and 0 when the device is not working; η is the efficiency coefficient of the temperature-controlled load, is the rated power of the temperature-controlled device; Based on the above, the dynamic model of the indoor heat change of the building is described as follows: Based on the above formula, the indoor temperature dynamic model is obtained as follows: In the formula, C r is the heat capacity of the room r; The intelligent building temperature control load cluster scheduling model is constructed to minimize the operation cost of the temperature control load cluster in the building, and the existing time-of-use electricity price policy is used to guide the temperature control load to participate in peak shaving and valley filling. Specifically, the objective of the scheduling model is to minimize the operation cost of the temperature control load cluster in the building, and the objective function is as follows: In the formula, is the time-of-use electricity price for the period t.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The constraint conditions of the objective function include comfort constraints, specifically as follows: wherein The constraint conditions of the objective function include temperature continuity constraints, specifically as follows: and are the lower and upper comfort temperature limits for the user, respectively.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The indoor temperature in the t+1 period is related to the indoor temperature in the t period, the start-stop state of the temperature control load, the orientation of the room envelope, the solar radiation intensity, the indoor-outdoor temperature difference, and the room temperature difference. The constraint conditions of the objective function include action time constraints, specifically as follows:

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, If the building envelope includes a three-layer non-soil-surface composite structure, the heat transfer coefficient is as follows: In the formula, and respectively are the minimum opening time and the minimum closing time allowed for the temperature-controlled load, and respectively are the length of time for which the temperature-controlled load has been continuously running up to the t-1 scheduling period.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The total thermal resistance of the inner layer material of the building envelope is the sum of the thermal resistances of the materials constituting the building envelope, i.e. wherein R i,0 represents the heat transfer resistance of the envelope i, which is equal to the sum of the internal surface thermal resistance R i,1 , the external surface thermal resistance R i,2 and the total thermal resistance of the internal layer of the envelope R i,3 ; The maintenance structure also includes a non-thermal insulation soil layer on the bottom floor of the building, so the heat transfer coefficient of the indoor heat transfer to the outdoor will be different due to the distance from the wall surface. The heat transfer coefficient is divided into four zones according to the distance from the wall surface. In the formula, L k represents the thickness of the kth layer of maintenance material, λ k represents the thermal conductivity of the kth layer of maintenance material, and n is the number of layers of inner material.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, ​

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