A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection equipment, and in particular, relates to a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, including a cabinet, the cabinet is provided with a purification chamber and a test area, the lower cavity wall of the test area is fixedly installed with a lower hollow plate, the end surface of the lower hollow plate is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting holes, and the lower hollow plate is installed with position detection components at the positions of the light-transmitting holes, the upper ends of the cavity wall of the test area are fixedly installed with lighting lamps on both sides, and the inner wall of the test area is fixedly installed with a U-shaped hollow plate. The present invention can automatically adjust the position of waste gas suction based on the position of the reaction container, shorten the path length of the waste gas flow as much as possible, reduce the possibility of waste gas escaping and expanding, improve the waste gas collection and purification efficiency, and can avoid personnel from contacting the waste gas as much as possible, reduce time waste, and reduce energy consumption. At the same time, the waste gas can be sprayed and adsorbed for purification, and personnel can be reminded to maintain the equipment in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection equipment, and in particular relates to a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device. Background Art

[0002] At a time when advanced environmental protection concepts are developing rapidly, the problem of laboratory waste gas emissions has become increasingly prominent. When laboratories conduct various research and experiments, they will produce waste gases with various complex components, such as acidic, alkaline, and organic volatile gases. If these waste gases are directly discharged without effective collection and purification, they will seriously pollute the environment and endanger human health.

[0003] At present, when conducting various types of research and experiments in laboratories, the harmful exhaust gas that may be generated needs to be collected and purified by a special exhaust gas collection and purification device. The most common one is a fume hood device. The fume hood device has a built-in test space. When conducting chemical experiments, the transparent door panel on the front side is pulled down to prevent personnel from directly contacting the exhaust gas. The built-in fan can collect and purify the exhaust gas and then discharge it. For example, patent publication number CN111888919B discloses a purification device for removing exhaust gas from a laboratory fume hood.

[0004] When the existing fume hood is in use, a negative pressure state is generally generated in the space through a fan, and external air is introduced through the air intake grille, so that the exhaust gas can be collected. However, since the space for experiments in the fume hood is large, the position of the air inlet is fixed, and the opening of the reaction container is small, when a chemical reaction is carried out in the reaction container, the exhaust gas generated will diffuse outward through the opening. Although the exhaust gas will eventually be sucked into the air inlet under the action of negative pressure suction, if the reaction container is far away from the opening, the path for the exhaust gas to flow to the air inlet is long, which will not only lead to low efficiency of exhaust gas collection, but also increase the possibility of exhaust gas escape, affecting the exhaust gas collection and purification effect. At the same time, since the amount of exhaust gas generated by the chemical reaction is usually uncontrollable, the experimenter can usually only observe whether the exhaust gas in the fume hood is completely discharged by visual inspection, and cannot accurately grasp the timing of opening the front transparent door panel. If it is opened too early, it may cause the experimenter to contact with the experimental exhaust gas. If it is opened too late, it may affect the experimental process and cause unnecessary exhaust gas collection and purification work, increase energy consumption, and have poor use effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device in view of the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, including a cabinet, the cabinet is provided with a purification chamber and a test area, the lower cavity wall of the test area is fixedly installed with a lower hollow plate, the end surface of the lower hollow plate is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting holes, and the lower hollow plate is provided with a position detection component at the position of each light-transmitting hole, lighting lamps are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper end of the cavity wall of the test area, a U-shaped hollow plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the test area, and the side walls on two opposite sides of the U-shaped hollow plate are provided with a plurality of air inlet holes, the U-shaped hollow plate is provided with an air inlet detection mechanism, the upper cavity wall of the test area is fixedly installed with an upper hollow plate, the lower end of the upper hollow plate is provided with a plurality of air suction holes, and an air intake normally open solenoid valve is installed inside each air suction hole, a suction fan is installed on the top of the cabinet, and the suction fan The suction end is connected with the upper hollow plate, and a conversion box is fixedly installed on the top of the cabinet. An air intake chamber and two temporary storage chambers are provided inside the conversion box, and the air intake chamber is arranged between the two temporary storage chambers. The air intake chamber is connected with the output end of the suction fan, and an exhaust detection mechanism is installed in the two temporary storage chambers. A trigger mechanism electrically connected to the exhaust detection mechanism is provided inside the air intake chamber. A spray purification mechanism connected to the exhaust detection mechanism is installed on the back of the cabinet, and an adsorption purification mechanism is provided inside the purification chamber, and the spray purification mechanism and the adsorption purification mechanism are commonly connected with a connecting pipe. The side wall of the purification chamber is fixedly connected with an exhaust pipe connected to the adsorption purification mechanism. A controller and a prompt light are provided on the front side wall of the cabinet, and the prompt light is electrically connected to the controller. The front side wall of the cabinet is equipped with a transparent sliding door matching the test area.

[0007] In the above-mentioned laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, each of the position detection components includes an insulating slot box arranged inside the lower hollow plate, and the insulating slot box is arranged directly below the light-transmitting hole, the insulating slot box is fixedly connected to the upper inner wall of the lower hollow plate, a photoresistor is fixedly installed on the inner bottom of the insulating slot box, and a transparent cover is fixedly installed on the end face of the insulating slot box, and the photoresistor is electrically connected to the corresponding air intake normally open solenoid valve through a controller.

[0008] In the above-mentioned laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, the air inlet detection mechanism includes a square tube fixedly installed on the back of the cabinet, and the square tube is connected to the U-shaped hollow plate, a first infrared lamp source assembly is fixedly installed on the inner top of the square tube, and a first infrared photosensitive diode assembly is provided below the first infrared lamp source assembly, the first infrared lamp source assembly and the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly are both electrically connected to the controller, and an air inlet pipe is fixedly installed at the air inlet end of the square tube.

[0009] In the above-mentioned laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, the exhaust detection mechanism includes connecting holes respectively opened on the side walls of the two temporary storage chambers, and the two connecting holes are connected to the air inlet chamber, the upper cavity walls of the two temporary storage chambers are fixedly installed with a second infrared lamp source assembly, and the lower parts of the two second infrared lamp source assemblies are provided with a second infrared photosensitive diode assembly, and the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly is fixedly installed at the position below the temporary storage chamber on the same side, and the cavity walls on the opposite sides of the two temporary storage chambers are fixedly plugged with exhaust pipes, and the interiors of the two temporary storage chambers are fixedly installed with a first air pressure automatic switch, and the interior of one of the exhaust pipes and the connecting hole on the opposite side is fixedly installed with a first normally open solenoid valve, and the interior of the other exhaust pipe and the connecting hole on the opposite side is fixedly installed with a first normally closed solenoid valve, and the first air pressure automatic switch, the first normally open solenoid valve and the first normally closed solenoid valve are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0010] In the above-mentioned laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, the trigger mechanism includes a support plate fixedly arranged inside the air inlet chamber, two first electromagnetic push rods are fixedly installed on the end surface of the support plate, and the output ends of the two first electromagnetic push rods are fixedly installed with insulating movable blocks, and the two insulating movable blocks are fixedly connected to the opposite ends with conductive blocks, and the two conductive blocks are in sliding contact, the lower cavity wall of the air inlet chamber is fixedly connected with an air collecting hood, and the air collecting hood is connected to the air outlet end of the suction fan, a circular hole is opened on the top of the air collecting hood, and a second normally open solenoid valve is arranged inside the circular hole, the two conductive blocks are electrically connected to the second normally open solenoid valve through a controller, a second air pressure automatic switch is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the air collecting hood, and the second air pressure automatic switch is electrically connected to the prompt light through the controller, one of the first electromagnetic push rods is electrically connected to the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly through the controller, and the other first electromagnetic push rod is electrically connected to the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly through the controller.

[0011] In the above-mentioned laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, the spray purification mechanism includes a spray cabinet fixedly installed at the lower end of the square tube, a spray hollow plate is fixedly installed on the inner top of the spray cabinet, and a plurality of spray heads are fixedly connected to the lower end of the spray hollow plate, a water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the side wall of the spray hollow plate, and an electric control valve electrically connected to the controller is installed inside the water inlet pipe, the air outlet ends of the two exhaust pipes extend to the inner lower side of the spray cabinet, and a sewage pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of the side wall of the spray cabinet.

[0012] In the above-mentioned laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, the adsorption purification mechanism includes a partition fixedly installed on the lower side of the purification chamber, and stainless steel meshes are fixedly provided on both sides between the end face of the partition and the upper cavity wall of the purification chamber, and the interior of the purification chamber is filled with adsorption filler at a position between the two stainless steel meshes. A ventilation hole is provided at one end of the end face of the partition away from the exhaust pipe, and the air outlet end of the connecting pipe is located below the partition.

[0013] In the above-mentioned laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, a water storage hollow plate is fixedly installed on the back of the spray cabinet, and a water inlet cylinder is fixedly inserted on the end face of the water storage hollow plate, the water inlet cylinder is connected to the water inlet pipe, a movable cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the water inlet cylinder, a rubber sealing sleeve is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder, and the inner wall of the rubber sealing sleeve is abutted against the outer wall of the water inlet cylinder, and a plurality of water-permeable micropores are opened on the side wall of the water inlet cylinder located on the inner side of the rubber sealing sleeve, a second electromagnetic push rod is fixedly installed inside the water storage hollow plate, and a connecting block is fixedly installed on the output end of the second electromagnetic push rod, the connecting block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the movable cylinder, the two second infrared photosensitive diode assemblies are electrically connected to the second electromagnetic push rod through the controller, a liquid level detector is fixedly installed on the upper end of the inner wall of the water storage hollow plate, a buzzer is fixedly installed on the front side wall of the cabinet, and the liquid level detector is electrically connected to the buzzer through the controller.

[0014] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device are:

[0015] 1. Through the coordination of the cabinet, purification chamber, test area, lower hollow plate, light-transmitting hole, position detection component, lighting, upper hollow plate, air suction hole, normally open air inlet solenoid valve, suction fan and controller, the position of the air suction port can be automatically adjusted based on the position of the reaction container in the test area, thereby shortening the path length of the exhaust gas flow as much as possible, reducing the possibility of exhaust gas escaping and expanding, and improving the exhaust gas collection and purification efficiency.

[0016] 2. Through the cooperation of the U-shaped hollow plate, air inlet hole, air inlet detection mechanism, conversion box, air inlet cavity, temporary storage cavity, exhaust detection mechanism and trigger mechanism, based on the difference in infrared absorption and blocking of the air at the air inlet end and the air at the exhaust end, the personnel can be automatically prompted after the exhaust gas absorption is completed, so as to avoid contact with the exhaust gas as much as possible, reduce time waste and reduce energy consumption.

[0017] 3. Through the cooperation of the spray purification mechanism, adsorption purification mechanism, connecting pipe and exhaust pipe, the test exhaust gas can be sprayed and adsorbed and purified, and through the cooperation of the water storage hollow plate, water inlet cylinder, movable cylinder, rubber sealing sleeve, water permeable micropores, connecting block, second electromagnetic push rod, liquid level detector and buzzer, the personnel can be automatically reminded to perform maintenance on the device based on the concentration of the exhaust gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a cabinet of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 The present invention provides a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure of part A;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of an air inlet detection mechanism of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 The present invention provides a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure of part B;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a conversion box of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 The present invention provides a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device Figure 7 The structure of the C part is enlarged;

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a spray cabinet of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device provided by the present invention from a side view;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the internal partial structure of a water storage hollow plate of a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device provided by the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1 cabinet, 2 purification chamber, 3 test area, 4 lower hollow plate, 5 light transmission hole, 6 position detection component, 61 insulation slot box, 62 photoresistor, 63 transparent cover, 7 lighting lamp, 8 U-shaped hollow plate, 9 air inlet hole, 10 air inlet detection mechanism, 101 square tube, 102 first infrared light source component, 103 first infrared photosensitive diode component, 104 air inlet pipe, 11 upper hollow plate, 12 air suction hole, 13 air inlet normally open solenoid valve, 14 suction fan, 15 conversion box, 16 air inlet chamber, 17 temporary storage chamber, 18 exhaust detection mechanism, 181 connecting hole, 182 second infrared light source component, 183 second infrared photosensitive diode component, 184 exhaust pipe, 185 first air pressure automatic switch, 186 first normally open solenoid valve, 187 first normally closed solenoid valve, 19 trigger Mechanism, 191 support plate, 192 first electromagnetic push rod, 193 insulating movable block, 194 conductive block, 195 gas collecting hood, 196 round hole, 197 second normally open electromagnetic valve, 198 second air pressure automatic switch, 20 spray purification mechanism, 201 spray cabinet, 202 spray hollow plate, 203 spray head, 204 water inlet pipe, 205 electric control valve, 206 sewage pipe, 21 adsorption purification mechanism, 211 partition, 212 stainless steel mesh, 213 adsorption filler, 214 ventilation hole, 22 connecting pipe, 23 exhaust pipe, 24 controller, 25 prompt light, 26 transparent sliding door, 27 water storage hollow plate, 28 water inlet cylinder, 29 movable cylinder, 30 rubber sealing sleeve, 31 water permeable micropore, 32 second electromagnetic push rod, 33 connecting block, 34 liquid level detector, 35 buzzer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, a laboratory waste gas collection and purification device includes a cabinet 1, the cabinet 1 is provided with a purification chamber 2 and a test area 3, the front side wall of the purification chamber 2 is provided with an opening for replacing the adsorption filler 213 therein, and a cover plate is installed on the cabinet 1 for sealing the opening, a lower hollow plate 4 is fixedly installed on the lower cavity wall of the test area 3, a plurality of light-transmitting holes 5 are opened on the end surface of the lower hollow plate 4, and a position detection component 6 is installed at the position of each light-transmitting hole 5 of the lower hollow plate 4, each position detection component 6 includes an insulating slot box 61 arranged inside the lower hollow plate 4, and the insulating slot box 61 is arranged directly below the light-transmitting hole 5, the insulating slot box 61 is fixedly connected to the upper inner wall of the lower hollow plate 4, a photoresistor 62 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom of the insulating slot box 61, and a transparent cover 63 is fixedly installed on the end surface of the insulating slot box 61, the photoresistor 62 is electrically connected to the corresponding air intake normally open solenoid valve 13 through the controller 24, and when the light intensity received by the photoresistor 62 increases, its own resistance decreases.

[0031] Lighting lamps 7 are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper end of the cavity wall of the test area 3, a U-shaped hollow plate 8 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the test area 3, and the side walls of the two opposite sides of the U-shaped hollow plate 8 are provided with multiple air inlet holes 9, the U-shaped hollow plate 8 is installed with an air inlet detection mechanism 10, the air inlet detection mechanism 10 includes a square tube 101 fixedly installed on the back of the cabinet 1, and the square tube 101 is connected to the U-shaped hollow plate 8, a first infrared light source assembly 102 is fixedly installed on the inner top of the square tube 101, and a first infrared photosensitive diode assembly 103 is provided below the first infrared light source assembly 102, the first infrared light source assembly 102 and the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly 103 are both electrically connected to the controller 24, an air inlet duct 104 is fixedly installed on the air inlet end of the square tube 101, the air inlet duct 104 is connected to the external air supply pipeline, and the air supply pipeline is connected to the space outside the laboratory to avoid affecting the air distribution inside the laboratory.

[0032] An upper hollow plate 11 is fixedly installed on the upper cavity wall of the test area 3, and a plurality of air suction holes 12 are opened at the lower end of the upper hollow plate 11, and an air intake normally open solenoid valve 13 is installed inside each air suction hole 12. A suction fan 14 is installed on the top of the cabinet 1, and the suction end of the suction fan 14 is connected to the upper hollow plate 11. A conversion box 15 is fixedly installed on the top of the cabinet 1, and an air intake cavity 16 and two temporary storage cavities 17 are provided inside the conversion box 15, and the air intake cavity 16 is arranged between the two temporary storage cavities 17. The air inlet chamber 16 is connected with the output end of the suction fan 14, and the two temporary storage chambers 17 are jointly equipped with an exhaust detection mechanism 18, which includes connecting holes 181 respectively opened on the side walls of the two temporary storage chambers 17, and the two connecting holes 181 are connected with the air inlet chamber 16, and the upper cavity walls of the two temporary storage chambers 17 are fixedly installed with second infrared lamp source components 182, and the lower parts of the two second infrared lamp source components 182 are provided with second infrared photosensitive diode components 183, and the second infrared photosensitive diode components 183 are fixedly installed at the position below the temporary storage chamber 17 on the same side, and the cavity walls on the opposite sides of the two temporary storage chambers 17 are fixedly plugged with exhaust pipes 184, and the interiors of the two temporary storage chambers 17 are fixedly installed with first air pressure automatic switches 185, and the interiors of one of the exhaust pipes 184 and the connecting hole 181 on the opposite side are fixedly installed with a first normally open solenoid valve 186, and the interiors of the other exhaust pipe 184 and the connecting hole 181 on the opposite side are fixedly installed with a first normally closed solenoid valve 187 The first air pressure automatic switch 185, the first normally open solenoid valve 186 and the first normally closed solenoid valve 187 are all electrically connected to the controller 24. When the first normally open solenoid valve 186 and the first normally closed solenoid valve 187 are not energized, the airflow delivered by the suction fan 14 can only enter the temporary storage chamber 17 on this side through the connecting hole 181 corresponding to the first normally open solenoid valve 186. After the first normally open solenoid valve 186 and the first normally closed solenoid valve 187 are energized, the airflow will enter the other temporary storage chamber 17.

[0033] The interior of the air inlet cavity 16 is provided with a trigger mechanism 19 electrically connected to the exhaust detection mechanism 18, and the trigger mechanism 19 includes a support plate 191 fixedly arranged inside the air inlet cavity, and two first electromagnetic push rods 192 are fixedly installed on the end surface of the support plate 191, and the output ends of the two first electromagnetic push rods 192 are fixedly installed with insulating movable blocks 193, and the ends facing each other of the two insulating movable blocks 193 are fixedly connected with conductive blocks 194, and the two conductive blocks 194 are in sliding contact, and the lower cavity wall of the air inlet cavity 16 is fixedly connected with an air collecting hood 195, and the air collecting hood 195 is connected to the air outlet end of the suction fan 14, and a circular hole 196 is opened on the top of the air collecting hood 195, and a second normally open solenoid valve 197 is arranged inside the circular hole 196, and the two conductive blocks 194 are connected to the second normally open solenoid valve 197 through the controller 24. The solenoid valve 197 is electrically connected, a second air pressure automatic switch 198 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the air collecting hood 195, and the second air pressure automatic switch 198 is electrically connected to the prompt light 25 through the controller 24, one of the first electromagnetic push rods 192 is electrically connected to the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly 103 through the controller 24, and the other first electromagnetic push rod 192 is electrically connected to the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183 through the controller 24, and the first air pressure automatic switch 185 and the second air pressure automatic switch 198 are subjected to sufficiently large external air pressure. The moving contacts will be back-pressed and closed, and after the air pressure returns to normal pressure, the moving contacts will rebound and reset, wherein the closing air pressure required for the second air pressure automatic switch 198 is higher than the closing air pressure required for the first air pressure automatic switch 185.

[0034] A spray purification mechanism 20 connected to the exhaust detection mechanism 18 is installed on the back of the cabinet 1. The spray purification mechanism 20 includes a spray cabinet 201 fixedly installed on the lower end of the square tube 101, and a spray hollow plate 202 is fixedly installed on the inner top of the spray cabinet 201, and a plurality of spray heads 203 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the spray hollow plate 202. A water inlet pipe 204 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the spray hollow plate 202, and an electric control valve 205 electrically connected to the controller 24 is installed inside the water inlet pipe 204. The air outlet ends of the two exhaust pipes 184 extend to the inner lower side of the spray cabinet 201, and a sewage pipe 206 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the side wall of the spray cabinet 201. The electric control valve 205 is a normally closed electromagnetic valve. When power is turned on, its valve plate will open immediately.

[0035] An adsorption purification mechanism 21 is provided inside the purification chamber 2, and the spray purification mechanism 20 and the adsorption purification mechanism 21 are connected together by a connecting pipe 22. The adsorption purification mechanism 21 includes a partition 211 fixedly installed on the lower side of the purification chamber 2, and stainless steel meshes 212 are fixedly provided on both sides between the end face of the partition 211 and the upper cavity wall of the purification chamber 2. The interior of the purification chamber 2 is located between the two stainless steel meshes 212 and is filled with an adsorption filler 213. A ventilation hole 214 is provided at one end of the end face of the partition 211 away from the exhaust pipe 23. The air outlet end of the connecting pipe 22 is located below the partition 211. The adsorption filler 213 can be selected from activated carbon fillers, etc.

[0036] An exhaust duct 23 connected to the adsorption purification mechanism 21 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the purification chamber 2. A controller 24 and a warning light 25 are provided on the front side wall of the cabinet 1, and the warning light 25 is electrically connected to the controller 24. A transparent sliding door 26 matching the test area 3 is installed on the front side wall of the cabinet 1. A water storage hollow plate 27 is fixedly installed on the back of the spray cabinet 201, and a water inlet cylinder 28 is fixedly connected to the end face of the water storage hollow plate 27. The water inlet cylinder 28 is connected to the water inlet pipe 204. A movable cylinder 29 is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the water inlet cylinder 28. A rubber sealing sleeve 30 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder 29, and the rubber sealing sleeve 30 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder 29. The inner wall of the sealing sleeve 30 abuts against the outer wall of the water inlet cylinder 28, and a plurality of water-permeable micropores 31 are provided on the side wall of the water inlet cylinder 28 located inside the rubber sealing sleeve 30. A second electromagnetic push rod 32 is fixedly installed inside the water storage hollow plate 27, and a connecting block 33 is fixedly installed at the output end of the second electromagnetic push rod 32. The connecting block 33 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the movable cylinder 29. Both second infrared photosensitive diode assemblies 183 are electrically connected to the second electromagnetic push rod 32 through the controller 24. A liquid level detector 34 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the inner wall of the water storage hollow plate 27, and a buzzer is fixedly installed on the front side wall of the cabinet 1. 35, and the liquid level detector 34 is electrically connected to the buzzer 35 through the controller 24. When the liquid level detector 34 is working, its transmitting end will emit light, and the emitted light will be reflected to the receiving end of the liquid level detector 34 after encountering the liquid surface. The liquid level height can be measured by calculating the time from the emission of light to the reception of light. When the liquid level reaches the set value, the liquid level detector 34 will output an electrical signal to the controller 24. This is an existing mature technology, so it will not be repeated here. Among them, the water inlet cylinder 28 is located between the electric control valve 205 and the spray hollow plate 202, and the first electromagnetic push rod 192 and the second electromagnetic push rod 32 are both It includes a cylinder, a telescopic rod, a permanent magnet, an electromagnetic member, an elastic element, etc. After the electromagnetic member is energized, under the effect of like-charge repulsion, the permanent magnet can be repelled to drive the telescopic rod to move. This is an existing mature technology, so it will not be elaborated here. The bottom of the water storage hollow plate 27 is connected to the sewage pipe 206 by a vertical pipe, and a control valve (not shown in the figure) is installed inside the vertical pipe. The control valve is electrically connected to the controller 24. When the controller 24 receives the closing electrical signal of the second air pressure automatic switch 198, the controller 24 will control the control valve to be energized and opened to discharge the water inside the water storage hollow plate 27 through the sewage pipe 206.

[0037] The operating principle of the present invention is now described as follows: the entire device is installed in an appropriate position, and the exhaust pipe 23 is connected to the external ventilation pipeline (the ventilation pipeline is connected to the space outside the laboratory and is used to discharge the purified exhaust gas outside the laboratory), and then the sewage pipe 206 is connected to the sewage pipe dedicated to the laboratory, and the water inlet pipe 204 is connected to the external water supply pipeline. After the controller 24 is connected to the external circuit, the experimenter starts the controller 24 when preparing for the experiment. The controller 24 will control the two lighting lamps 7 to work, so that the inside of the test area 3 can be illuminated, and then the transparent sliding door 26 is pulled upward and fixed (a fixing structure is provided on the transparent pull plate, such as after the electromagnetic strip is energized, the iron bar on the transparent pull plate is fixed by magnetic attraction), then, the reaction container is placed inside the test area 3, and then the test materials are added in sequence according to the test steps. After starting the test, the experimenter pulls the transparent sliding door 26 downward so that the transparent sliding door 26 closes the test area 3, and starts the exhaust gas discharge button on the controller 24. At this time, a chemical reaction occurs inside the reaction container and exhaust gas is generated;

[0038] After pressing the exhaust gas discharge button on the controller 24, the controller 24 will immediately start the suction fan 14, and at the same time connect the connection circuit between each photoresistor 62 and the corresponding normally open air intake solenoid valve 13. The light emitted by the lighting lamp 7 when working will irradiate each photoresistor 62 through the light-transmitting hole 5, and at the position where the reaction container is placed, the reaction container will block the light-transmitting hole 5 at this position. Therefore, the light emitted by the lighting lamp 7 cannot pass through the blocked light-transmitting hole 5 to irradiate each photoresistor 62 at this position. Therefore, each photoresistor 62 at the position where the reaction container is placed will be in a high resistance state due to the lack of light, and each photoresistor 62 that is illuminated will reduce its own resistance due to the light. Therefore, each normally open air intake solenoid valve 13 directly above the position where the reaction container is placed will be closed due to the light. The corresponding photoresistor 62 is in a high resistance state, resulting in insufficient current passing into each normally open air inlet solenoid valve 13. Therefore, each normally open air inlet solenoid valve 13 directly above the reaction container placement position cannot be closed, while the normally open air inlet solenoid valve 13 corresponding to each photoresistor 62 that is not blocked will pass a sufficiently large current because of the small resistance of the photoresistor 62, so that the valve plate of the normally open air inlet solenoid valve 13 is magnetically closed. Therefore, when the suction fan 14 is working, only the suction holes 12 at the normally open air inlet solenoid valve 13 that are not closed will generate negative pressure suction (that is, each suction hole 12 directly above the reaction container). Therefore, the exhaust gas generated at the reaction container will be quickly sucked in by the suction holes 12, reducing the length of the exhaust gas flow path, thereby reducing the possibility of exhaust gas escaping and expanding outward, and improving the exhaust gas collection efficiency;

[0039] After pressing the exhaust gas discharge button, the controller 24 will synchronously start the first infrared lamp source assembly 102 and the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly 103. Due to the action of the suction fan 14, the interior of the test area 3 is in a negative pressure state. At this time, the external air will enter the interior of the square tube 101 through the air inlet pipe 104, and then enter the test area 3 through the square tube 101 and the various air inlet holes 9 on the U-shaped hollow plate 8. Under the action of air flow, the air suction hole 12 can be assisted to quickly collect the test exhaust gas. When the external air passes through the square tube 101, the various infrared lamp sources in the first infrared lamp source assembly 102 can emit infrared rays of different wavelength ranges, and the infrared rays will pass through the air inside the square tube 101 and irradiate the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly 103. Component 103 is affected by infrared rays. When infrared rays irradiate the first infrared photosensitive diode component 103, the energy of photons is absorbed by the semiconductor material of the first infrared photosensitive diode component 103 to generate electron-hole pairs. The greater the infrared intensity, the more photons are absorbed, and the more electron-hole pairs are generated. These electrons and holes move to both ends respectively under the action of the electric field inside the diode to form a current, so that the first infrared photosensitive diode outputs an electrical signal to the controller 24, and the controller 24 amplifies the electrical signal in proportion and passes it to the corresponding first electromagnetic push rod 192. After being energized, the first electromagnetic push rod 192 can push the insulating movable block 193 on the same side to drive the conductive block 194 on the same side to move upward;

[0040] After the controller 24 starts the suction fan 14, the wind flow output by the suction fan 14 will enter the temporary storage chamber 17 on this side through the air collecting hood 195 and the connecting hole 181 corresponding to the first normally open solenoid valve 186. Since the first normally closed solenoid valve 187 is installed in the other connecting hole 181, the wind flow will not temporarily enter the other temporary storage chamber 17. The first normally closed solenoid valve 187 is installed in the exhaust pipe 184 on the same side of the connecting hole 181 corresponding to the first normally open solenoid valve 186, so the air entered into the temporary storage chamber 17 cannot be discharged. At this time, the air pressure in the temporary storage chamber 17 will increase rapidly. Under the action of the increased air pressure, the moving contact of the first air pressure automatic switch 185 in the temporary storage chamber 17 is pressed and closed. After the controller 24 receives the closing electrical signal of the first air pressure automatic switch 185 inside the temporary storage chamber 17, the controller 24 will immediately start the two first normally open solenoid valves 186 and the two first normally closed solenoid valves 187. At the same time, the electrical signal generated by the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183 inside the temporary storage chamber 17 corresponding to the closed first air pressure automatic switch 185 is proportionally amplified and passed into the connection circuit of the corresponding first electromagnetic push rod 192, and the first infrared lamp source assembly 102 on this side is started at the same time. At this time, the airflow delivered by the suction fan 14 will enter the other temporary storage chamber 17, and the airflow inside the temporary storage chamber 17 corresponding to the closed first air pressure automatic switch 185 will pass through the exhaust pipe 18 on the same side. 4 is discharged. Since the wind flow contains the waste gas generated by the test, the waste gas will absorb and block the infrared rays of a specific wavelength (since the waste gas contains various gas components with infrared absorption characteristics, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, etc., these gases will absorb infrared rays within a specific wavelength range, resulting in a reduction in the infrared flux), resulting in the infrared intensity irradiated to the second infrared photosensitive diode being lower than the infrared intensity irradiated to the first infrared photosensitive diode. Therefore, the electrical signal intensity generated by the second infrared photosensitive diode is smaller than the electrical signal generated by the first infrared photosensitive diode, and the controller 24 proportionally passes the electrical signal generated by the second infrared photosensitive diode into the corresponding first electromagnetic push rod 192. After that, the current passed through the first electromagnetic push rod 192 is small, so that the insulating movable block 193 on this side drives the conductive block 194 on the same side to move up a smaller distance, which causes the two conductive blocks 194 to not contact each other. Therefore, the second normally open electromagnetic valve 197 at the air collecting cover 195 cannot be powered on and closed. As the air pressure inside the other temporary storage chamber 17 increases, the moving contact of the first air pressure automatic switch 185 inside the other temporary storage chamber 17 is closed. At this time, the controller 24 will receive the closing electrical signal of the other first air pressure automatic switch 185. At this time, the controller 24 will control the two first normally open electromagnetic valves 186 and the two first normally closed electromagnetic valves 187 to be powered off. At this time, the wind flow inside the other temporary storage chamber 17 begins to be discharged.The wind flow delivered by the suction fan 14 begins to re-enter the temporary storage chamber 17 on the same side through the connecting hole 181 corresponding to the first normally open electromagnetic valve 186. At the same time, the controller 24 proportionally amplifies the electrical signal generated by the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183 in the temporary storage chamber 17 being exhausted and passes it into the first electromagnetic push rod 192. Through the alternating air intake and exhaust of the two temporary storage chambers 17, it can be avoided that the wind flow velocity is too fast to affect the detection accuracy of the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183 and the second infrared light source assembly 182 for exhaust gas;

[0041] As the suction fan 14 works and the chemical reaction ends, the waste gas inside the test area 3 is gradually discharged. At this time, the concentration of the reaction waste gas in the wind flow entering the temporary storage chamber 17 gradually decreases, so the waste gas's obstruction and absorption of the infrared light emitted by the second infrared lamp source assembly 182 gradually decreases, until the waste gas is completely discharged. Since the wind flow does not contain waste gas, the wind flow entering the temporary storage chamber 17 has basically the same obstruction and absorption of infrared light as the wind flow inside the square tube 101. At this time, the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly 103 and the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183 are subjected to the same infrared intensity, so the current passing through the two first electromagnetic push rods 192 is the same, and therefore, the upward movement height of the two insulating movable blocks 193 is The two conductive blocks 194 are in contact with each other, so the second normally open solenoid valve 197 at the air collecting hood 195 is in an energized closed state. At this time, the airflow discharged by the suction fan 14 will enter the interior of the air collecting hood 195 and cannot be discharged, thereby causing the air pressure inside the air collecting hood 195 to increase until the moving contact of the second air pressure automatic switch 198 is back-pressed and closed under the action of the air pressure. When the controller 24 receives the closing electrical signal of the second air pressure automatic switch 198, the controller 24 will immediately start the prompt light 25 and stop the entire exhaust gas collection and purification work. When the test personnel see that the prompt light 25 is on, that is, the exhaust gas in the surface test area 3 has been completely collected, the transparent sliding door 26 can be opened at this time to continue the test or take out the test equipment;

[0042] The wind flow discharged through the two exhaust pipes 184 will enter the spray cabinet 201 and flow upward along the spray cabinet 201. When the controller 24 starts the suction fan 14, the electric control valve 205 in the water inlet pipe 204 will be started synchronously. At this time, the electric control valve 205 remains in an open state, and the external water liquid will enter the spray hollow plate 202 through the water inlet pipe 204 and be sprayed out through each spray head 203. Under the action of the sprayed water liquid, part of the exhaust gas can be washed out from the wind flow, so that the wind flow can be preliminarily purified, and the waste water generated by the spraying is discharged through the sewage pipe 206, and the preliminarily purified wind flow enters the purification chamber 2 through the connecting pipe 22, and then contacts the adsorption filler 213 through the ventilation hole 214 on the partition 211. The adsorption filler 213 can quickly absorb and purify the exhaust gas in the wind flow, and the purified exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 23;

[0043] After receiving the electrical signal from the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183, the controller 24 will amplify the electrical signal in proportion and pass it into the second electromagnetic push rod 32. The second electromagnetic push rod 32 will be energized to push the connecting block 33 to drive the movable cylinder 29 to move up a certain distance. At this time, part of the water-permeable micropores 31 at the water inlet cylinder 28 will leak out, and part of the water in the water inlet pipe 204 will be diverted through the water inlet cylinder 28 and drip into the water storage hollow plate 27 through the leaked water-permeable micropores 31. If more exhaust gas is generated during the test, the exhaust gas concentration entering the temporary storage chamber 17 is relatively high at this time, so the exhaust gas will absorb and hinder the infrared rays. More, at this time, the light intensity irradiated to the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183 is relatively low, therefore, the current passing into the second electromagnetic push rod 32 is small, at this time, the magnetic thrust generated by the second electromagnetic push rod 32 is small, so the upward movement distance of the movable cylinder 29 is small, at this time, the number of water-permeable micropores 31 leaking from the side wall of the water inlet cylinder 28 is relatively large, therefore, when the exhaust gas concentration is high, the amount of water entering the water storage hollow plate 27 increases, on the contrary, with the exhaust gas discharge and the end of the chemical reaction, at this time, since the exhaust gas concentration becomes low, the light intensity irradiated to the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly 183 is relatively large, therefore, the current passing into the second electromagnetic push rod 32 is relatively small. The flow is large. At this time, the magnetic thrust generated by the second electromagnetic push rod 32 is large, so the upward movement distance of the movable cylinder 29 is large. At this time, the number of water-permeable micropores 31 leaking from the side wall of the water inlet cylinder 28 is small. Therefore, when the exhaust gas concentration is low, the amount of water entering the water storage hollow plate 27 is reduced. After the controller 24 receives the closing electrical signal of the second air pressure automatic switch 198, the controller 24 will control the liquid level detector 34 to work for 5 seconds. The transmitting end of the liquid level detector 34 will emit light. The emitted light will be reflected to the receiving end of the liquid level detector 34 after encountering the liquid surface. The liquid level height can be measured by calculating the time from emitting light to receiving light. When the liquid level reaches the set value, the liquid level detector 34 will output an electrical signal to the controller 24. At this time, the controller 24 will immediately control the buzzer 35 to work. Since the high concentration of exhaust gas may cause greater corrosion to the entire device and consume more adsorption filler 213, when the exhaust gas concentration is high, by increasing the amount of water entering the water storage hollow plate 27, the buzzer 35 can be made to work in advance, shortening the maintenance interval of the entire device. After the test personnel hear the buzzer 35 beeping, they should promptly perform maintenance on the entire device, such as replacing the adsorption filler 213.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device, comprising a cabinet (1), characterized in that: The cabinet (1) is provided with a purification chamber (2) and a test area (3); a lower hollow plate (4) is fixedly mounted on the lower chamber wall of the test area (3); a plurality of light transmission holes (5) are provided on the end surface of the lower hollow plate (4); and a position detection component (6) is installed at the position of each light transmission hole (5) of the lower hollow plate (4); lighting lamps (7) are fixedly mounted on both sides of the upper end of the chamber wall of the test area (3); a U-shaped hollow plate (8) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the test area (3); and a plurality of light transmission holes (5) are provided on the side walls of two opposite sides of the U-shaped hollow plate (8). An air inlet hole (9) is provided on the U-shaped hollow plate (8), an air inlet detection mechanism (10) is installed on the upper cavity wall of the test area (3), an upper hollow plate (11) is fixedly installed, a plurality of air suction holes (12) are provided at the lower end of the upper hollow plate (11), and an air intake normally open solenoid valve (13) is installed inside each air suction hole (12), a suction fan (14) is installed on the top of the cabinet (1), and the suction end of the suction fan (14) is connected to the upper hollow plate (11), and a conversion box (15) is fixedly installed on the top of the cabinet (1), An air intake chamber (16) and two temporary storage chambers (17) are provided inside the conversion box (15), and the air intake chamber (16) is arranged between the two temporary storage chambers (17). The air intake chamber (16) is connected to the output end of the suction fan (14). An exhaust detection mechanism (18) is installed in common in the two temporary storage chambers (17). A trigger mechanism (19) electrically connected to the exhaust detection mechanism (18) is provided inside the air intake chamber (16). A spray purification mechanism (20) connected to the exhaust detection mechanism (18) is installed on the back of the cabinet (1). 0), an adsorption purification mechanism (21) is provided inside the purification chamber (2), and the spray purification mechanism (20) and the adsorption purification mechanism (21) are connected to each other by a connecting pipe (22), an exhaust pipe (23) connected to the adsorption purification mechanism (21) is fixedly plugged into the side wall of the purification chamber (2), a controller (24) and a warning light (25) are provided on the front side wall of the cabinet (1), and the warning light (25) is electrically connected to the controller (24), and the front side wall of the cabinet (1) is equipped with a transparent sliding door (26) matching the test area (3); Each of the position detection components (6) comprises an insulating slot box (61) arranged inside the lower hollow plate (4), and the insulating slot box (61) is arranged directly below the light-transmitting hole (5), the insulating slot box (61) is fixedly connected to the upper inner wall of the lower hollow plate (4), a photoresistor (62) is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom of the insulating slot box (61), and a transparent cover (63) is fixedly mounted on the end surface of the insulating slot box (61), and the photoresistor (62) is electrically connected to the corresponding normally open air intake solenoid valve (13) through a controller (24).

2. A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet detection mechanism (10) comprises a square tube (101) fixedly mounted on the back of the cabinet (1), and the square tube (101) is connected to the U-shaped hollow plate (8), a first infrared light source assembly (102) is fixedly mounted on the inner top of the square tube (101), and a first infrared photosensitive diode assembly (103) is provided below the first infrared light source assembly (102), the first infrared light source assembly (102) and the first infrared photosensitive diode assembly (103) are both electrically connected to a controller (24), and an air inlet pipe (104) is fixedly mounted on the air inlet end of the square tube (101).

3. A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhaust detection mechanism (18) comprises communication holes (181) respectively opened on the side walls of the two temporary storage chambers (17), and the two communication holes (181) are both connected to the air inlet chamber (16), the upper chamber walls of the two temporary storage chambers (17) are both fixedly mounted with a second infrared light source assembly (182), the lower parts of the two second infrared light source assemblies (182) are both provided with a second infrared photosensitive diode assembly (183), and the second infrared photosensitive diode assembly (183) is fixedly mounted at a position below the temporary storage chamber (17) on the same side, and the chamber walls on the opposite sides of the two temporary storage chambers (17) are both fixedly inserted with a second infrared light source assembly (182). A discharge pipe (184) is connected, and a first air pressure automatic switch (185) is fixedly installed inside the two temporary storage chambers (17); a first normally open solenoid valve (186) is fixedly installed inside one of the discharge pipes (184) and the communicating hole (181) on the opposite side, and a first normally closed solenoid valve (187) is fixedly installed inside the other discharge pipe (184) and the communicating hole (181) on the opposite side; the first air pressure automatic switch (185), the first normally open solenoid valve (186) and the first normally closed solenoid valve (187) are all electrically connected to the controller (24).

4. A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The trigger mechanism (19) comprises a support plate (191) fixedly arranged inside the air inlet cavity, two first electromagnetic push rods (192) are fixedly mounted on the end surface of the support plate (191), and insulating movable blocks (193) are fixedly mounted on the output ends of the two first electromagnetic push rods (192), and the ends of the two insulating movable blocks (193) facing each other are fixedly connected to conductive blocks (194), and the two conductive blocks (194) are in sliding contact, and the lower cavity wall of the air inlet cavity (16) is fixedly connected to an air collecting hood (195), and the air collecting hood (195) is connected to the air outlet end of the suction fan (14), and a circular hole (196) is opened on the top of the air collecting hood (195). A second normally open electromagnetic valve (197) is provided inside the circular hole (196); the two conductive blocks (194) are electrically connected to the second normally open electromagnetic valve (197) via a controller (24); a second air pressure automatic switch (198) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the gas collecting hood (195); the second air pressure automatic switch (198) is electrically connected to a warning light (25) via a controller (24); one of the first electromagnetic push rods (192) is electrically connected to a first infrared photosensitive diode assembly (103) via a controller (24); and the other first electromagnetic push rod (192) is electrically connected to a second infrared photosensitive diode assembly (183) via a controller (24).

5. A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spray purification mechanism (20) comprises a spray cabinet (201) fixedly mounted at the lower end of the square tube (101); a spray hollow plate (202) is fixedly mounted on the inner top of the spray cabinet (201); and a plurality of spray heads (203) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the spray hollow plate (202); a water inlet pipe (204) is fixedly plugged into the side wall of the spray hollow plate (202); and an electric control valve (205) electrically connected to a controller (24) is installed inside the water inlet pipe (204); the air outlet ends of the two discharge pipes (184) extend to the lower side of the spray cabinet (201); and a sewage discharge pipe (206) is fixedly plugged into the lower end of the side wall of the spray cabinet (201).

6. A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption purification mechanism (21) comprises a partition (211) fixedly mounted on the lower side of the purification chamber (2), and stainless steel meshes (212) are fixedly mounted on both sides between the end surface of the partition (211) and the upper cavity wall of the purification chamber (2), and the interior of the purification chamber (2) is filled with an adsorption filler (213) at a position between the two stainless steel meshes (212), and a ventilation hole (214) is formed at one end of the end surface of the partition (211) away from the exhaust pipe (23), and the air outlet end of the connecting pipe (22) is located below the partition (211).

7. A laboratory waste gas collection and purification device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A water storage hollow plate (27) is fixedly installed on the back of the spray cabinet (201), and a water inlet cylinder (28) is fixedly plugged into the end surface of the water storage hollow plate (27). The water inlet cylinder (28) is connected to the water inlet pipe (204). A movable cylinder (29) is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the water inlet cylinder (28). A rubber sealing sleeve (30) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder (29). The inner wall of the rubber sealing sleeve (30) abuts against the outer wall of the water inlet cylinder (28). A plurality of water-permeable micropores (31) are provided on the side wall of the water inlet cylinder (28) at the inner side of the rubber sealing sleeve (30). The water storage hollow plate (2 7) is fixedly mounted inside, and a connecting block (33) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the second electromagnetic push rod (32), the connecting block (33) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the movable cylinder (29), the two second infrared photosensitive diode assemblies (183) are electrically connected to the second electromagnetic push rod (32) through a controller (24), a liquid level detector (34) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the inner wall of the water storage hollow plate (27), a buzzer (35) is fixedly mounted on the front side wall of the cabinet (1), and the liquid level detector (34) is electrically connected to the buzzer (35) through the controller (24).

Images