Coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device, which relates to the field of electromagnetic launch technology. Compared with previous electromagnetic launch devices, the present invention solves the problem that the existing method of transferring the residual current of the drive coil does not consider the rational utilization and recycling of the residual energy of the coil; the conventional circuit shutdown method of the existing magnetic gun has a slow shutdown speed, which easily causes the projectile to be pulled back; and the residual energy in the coil is consumed as heat energy during shutdown, resulting in energy waste. The present invention achieves precise control of the coil through a multi-stage launch circuit, and replaces the thyristor with a high-power switch IGBT tube to achieve the shutdown of the launch circuit at any time. The resistor and diode of the original freewheeling circuit are replaced with a capacitor and a voltage-stabilizing diode, which realizes the recovery and utilization of the residual energy of the coil, avoiding the pull back of the projectile due to the untimely shutdown of the drive circuit and the waste of residual energy in the coil. The high-speed optocoupler is used to improve the anti-interference ability of the electrical signal, thereby achieving stable propulsion of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic launch technology, and in particular to a coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device. Background Art

[0002] The basic principle of the reluctance electromagnetic coil propulsion device is that the coil is passed through a direct current to generate a magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic body to move, causing the projectile to be launched at an accelerated speed.

[0003] Currently, the main focus of addressing the reverse force experienced by magnetoresistive coil projectiles is on preventing residual current. Prior art approaches, such as directly disconnecting the switch, which reduces residual current, increase the terminal voltage of the disconnect switch and damage the semiconductor switch. This approach proposes adding a resistor branch to dissipate the residual current when the drive coil current begins to flow. A second approach employs metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) in the drive circuit, using digital pulse-width modulation switching technology to control the drive coil current waveform. A third approach incorporates an additional capacitor branch, controlling the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) between the drive coil and the capacitor branch to recover the residual current in the drive coil to an additional capacitor. In summary, timely diverting the residual current in the drive coil can effectively prevent the projectile from experiencing reverse force during motion. However, these approaches only address the impact of residual current on the launch, without considering the rational utilization of the coil's residual energy.

[0004] Single-stage magnetoresistive electromagnetic coil launch has some limitations in performance, so in order to pursue better performance, multiple single-stage launches are often connected in series to form a multi-stage launch. The specific principle of multi-stage magnetoresistive electromagnetic coil launch is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the drive coils for each stage of emission are independent of each other, and each stage of drive coils has a corresponding drive circuit that controls it separately. Each stage of the drive circuit has an independent energy storage capacitor that is powered separately, as well as an independent controllable switch. When the controllable switches of each stage of the drive circuit are turned on and off in a certain order, the capacitors at each stage begin to discharge in sequence, and the corresponding coils at each stage begin to generate a magnetic field, thereby attracting the projectiles forward one stage at a time. See the detailed process for details. Figure 2 As shown: When the first coil is turned on, the projectile is attracted and moves, as shown in Figure 2 (a); When the center of the projectile is about to coincide with the center of the first coil, the first coil switch is disconnected and the second coil switch is closed. Then the second coil continues to attract the projectile to accelerate. Figure 2 (b); After that, the third to the last stage are switched on and off in sequence, such as Figure 2 (c).

[0005] The conventional circuit structure of the magnetic gun is as follows Figure 3This circuit is a typical thyristor-independent transmitter circuit. Functionally, it consists of a drive circuit and a freewheeling circuit. The thyristor in the drive circuit is typically a unidirectional thyristor. Since it cannot actively shut down, it primarily serves to turn on the drive circuit. The drive circuit is shut off by the parasitic resistance of the coil in conjunction with freewheeling. When freewheeling begins, the current in the coil generates a voltage across the parasitic resistance. This voltage acts on the coil inductance, causing the current to decrease exponentially, effectively shutting off the projectile. This type of shutdown is also known as coil internal resistance shutdown. This shutdown method not only has a slow shutdown speed, resulting in a pullback on the projectile, but also dissipates any remaining energy in the coil as heat during shutdown, resulting in energy waste.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device to solve the problems raised in the background technology:

[0008] Existing methods for diverting residual current from the drive coil only address the issue of residual current affecting launch, without considering the proper recycling of the coil's residual energy. The conventional circuitry used in existing magnetic guns not only shuts off slowly, causing a pullback on the projectile, but also dissipates the residual energy in the coil as heat during shutdown, resulting in energy waste.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device includes: a multi-stage transmitting circuit, wherein the transmitting circuit of each stage includes a driving circuit, an energy recovery circuit and an isolation circuit; the driving circuit of each stage is respectively connected to the energy recovery circuit and the isolation circuit of the corresponding stage, and the driving circuit is also connected to the energy recovery circuit of the previous stage, and the energy recovery circuit of the previous stage is used as an energy source for the coil connected to the driving circuit of the next stage; the driving circuit is used to drive the operation of the transmitting circuit; the energy recovery circuit is used to recover and utilize the residual energy in the coil; and the isolation circuit is used to isolate the electrical signal.

[0011] Preferably, the first-stage driving circuit includes a first diode, a first capacitor, a first connection terminal, a first IGBT, a third resistor and a sixth diode; the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the first capacitor are grounded, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the first capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode and the first end of the first connection terminal, the anode of the sixth diode is connected to a 400V voltage, the second end of the first connection terminal is connected to the collector of the first IGBT, the gate of the first IGBT is connected to the first end of the third resistor, and the emitter of the first IGBT and the second end of the third resistor are both grounded.

[0012] Preferably, the IGBT is an N-channel IGBT.

[0013] Preferably, two ends of the first connection end are connected to two ends of the first-stage coil.

[0014] Preferably, the energy recovery circuit of the first stage includes a twenty-fourth diode, a twenty-third diode, a seventh diode, a second diode, a third capacitor and a second capacitor; the anode of the twenty-fourth diode and the anode of the twenty-third diode are connected to the collector of the first IGBT, the cathode of the twenty-fourth diode and the cathode of the twenty-third diode are connected to the cathode of the seventh diode, the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the third capacitor and the anode of the second capacitor, the anode of the seventh diode is connected to a +400V voltage, and the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the third capacitor and the cathode of the second capacitor are all grounded.

[0015] Preferably, the first-stage isolation circuit includes a first resistor, a first high-speed photocoupler, a second resistor, a first Zener diode, and a second Zener diode; the first terminal of the first resistor is connected to a +3.3V voltage, the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler, the second terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler is connected to the P1 terminal, the third terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor, the gate of the first IGBT, and the cathode of the second Zener diode, the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to a +0V voltage, the anode of the second Zener diode is connected to the anode of the first Zener diode, the cathode of the first Zener diode is grounded, and the fourth terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler is connected to a +12V voltage.

[0016] Preferably, the P1 end is connected to the I / O port of a single-chip microcomputer of the stm32F103C8T6 model, and the main frequency of the single-chip microcomputer is 72MHz.

[0017] Preferably, the model of the first high-speed optocoupler is TLP350H.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a coil type electromagnetic propulsion device with the following features:

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention realizes precise control of the coil through a multi-stage transmitting circuit, each stage of which includes a driving circuit, an energy recovery circuit and an isolation circuit. The driving circuit adopts a high-power switch IGBT tube to replace the thyristor, so that the transmitting circuit can be shut down at any time; the energy recovery circuit replaces the original resistor and diode of the freewheeling circuit with a capacitor and a voltage-stabilizing diode, and couples with the next-stage driving circuit, reducing the complexity of the circuit structure, realizing the recovery and utilization of the residual energy of the coil, avoiding the back-pull of the projectile due to the untimely shutdown of the driving circuit, and the waste of residual energy in the coil; the isolation circuit improves the anti-interference ability of the electrical signal based on a high-speed optocoupler, and realizes stable propulsion of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage reluctance electromagnetic coil transmission principle mentioned in the background technology of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage reluctance electromagnetic coil launch process mentioned in the background technology of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional non-interruptible transmission circuit mentioned in the background technology of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a transmission circuit diagram with a controllable switch and energy recovery mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic propulsion circuit principle mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the driving circuit principle mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the energy recovery circuit principle mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation circuit principle mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a physical diagram of the control panel mentioned in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is the experimental assembly diagram mentioned in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0032] The present invention achieves precise control of the coil through a multi-stage transmitting circuit, each stage of which includes a driving circuit, an energy recovery circuit, and an isolation circuit. The driving circuit uses a high-power switch IGBT tube to replace the thyristor, so that the transmitting circuit can be shut down at any time. The energy recovery circuit replaces the resistor and diode of the original freewheeling circuit with a capacitor and a voltage-stabilizing diode, and is coupled with the next-stage driving circuit, reducing the complexity of the circuit structure, realizing the recovery and utilization of the residual energy of the coil, avoiding the back-pull of the projectile due to the untimely shutdown of the driving circuit, and avoiding the waste of residual energy in the coil. The isolation circuit uses a high-speed optocoupler to improve the anti-interference ability of the electrical signal and achieve stable propulsion of the device. Specifically, it includes the following contents.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] See also Figure 4-8 The coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device of the present invention includes: a multi-stage transmitting circuit, which can be set to an 11-stage topology based on the best results of actual detection. Specifically, the number of stages can be adjusted according to different calibers and projectiles. The transmitting circuit of each stage includes a driving circuit, an energy recovery circuit, and an isolation circuit. The driving circuit of each stage is respectively connected to the energy recovery circuit and isolation circuit of the corresponding level. The driving circuit is also connected to the diode and capacitor of the energy recovery circuit of the previous level. The energy output by the energy recovery circuit of the previous level can be stored or used as energy for the coil connected to the driving circuit of the next level.

[0035] The drive circuit is used to drive the operation of the transmitter circuit. The first-stage drive circuit includes a first diode D1, a first capacitor C1, a first connection terminal U1, a first N-channel IGBT Q1, a third resistor R3, and a sixth diode D6. The anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the first capacitor C1 are grounded, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1, the cathode of the sixth diode D6, and the first end of the first connection terminal U1, the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to a 400V voltage, and the second end of the first connection terminal U1 is connected to the collector of the first IGBT Q1. The two ends of the first connection terminal U1 are connected to the two ends of the first-stage coil, the gate of the first IGBT Q1 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R3, and the emitter of the first IGBT Q1 and the second end of the third resistor R3 are both grounded. The switching device in the drive circuit is replaced with a high-power IGBT switch instead of a conventional thyristor, which can realize the shutdown of the drive circuit at any time and improve the controllability of the transmitter circuit. A high-power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a high-voltage, high-current power semiconductor device that combines the features of a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The IGBT has the input characteristics of a MOSFET and the output characteristics of a BJT, capable of operating under high voltage and high current conditions while exhibiting low on-state voltage drop and switching losses. The drive circuit is connected to the energy recovery circuit of the previous stage, coupling the diode and capacitor therein. This allows the energy output of the previous stage's energy recovery circuit to be used as energy for the next stage's drive circuit, achieving energy recirculation.

[0036] The energy recovery circuit is used to recover the residual energy in the coil; the first-stage energy recovery circuit includes a twenty-fourth diode D24, a twenty-third diode D23, a seventh diode D7, a second diode D2, a third capacitor C3 and a second capacitor C2; the anode of the twenty-fourth diode D24 and the anode of the twenty-third diode D23 are connected to the collector of the first IGBT Q1, the cathode of the twenty-fourth diode D24 and the cathode of the twenty-third diode D23 are connected to the cathode of the seventh diode D7, the cathode of the second diode D2, the anode of the third capacitor C3 and the anode of the second capacitor C2, the anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to a +400V voltage, and the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the third capacitor C3 and the cathode of the second capacitor C2 are all grounded.

[0037] When the drive circuit containing the coil is momentarily shut down, the coil generates an equal-voltage reverse voltage and a significant current spike. Without a freewheeling circuit, or energy recovery circuit, the resulting current spike can cause overcurrent damage to the switching transistor. Therefore, circuit principles dictate that each stage of the drive circuit should have a corresponding energy recovery circuit, but this complicates the overall circuit. To reduce circuit complexity, the previous stage coil can be connected in parallel to the capacitor of the next stage. In this energy recovery circuit, the resistor and diode in the freewheeling circuit are replaced with a capacitor and a Zener diode to create a new circuit—an energy recovery circuit. This energy recovery circuit recycles excess energy from the previous stage coil and uses it as energy for the next stage coil. This circuit structure reduces the overall size of the transmitting circuit, further contributing to a smaller electromagnetic gun. The energy recovery circuit prevents the projectile from being pulled back when the drive circuit is not shut down in time, as well as the waste of excess energy in the coil.

[0038] The isolation circuit is used to isolate electrical signals to improve their anti-interference capabilities. The first-stage isolation circuit includes a first resistor R1, a first high-speed optocoupler OU1 (model TLP350H), a second resistor R2, a first Zener diode ZD1, and a second Zener diode ZD2. The first terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to a +3.3V voltage, the second terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first terminal of the first high-speed optocoupler OU1, and the second terminal of the first high-speed optocoupler OU1 is connected to terminal P1, which is connected to an I / O port of a 72MHz STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The third terminal of the first high-speed optocoupler OU1 is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R2, the gate of the first IGBT Q1, and the cathode of the second Zener diode ZD2. The second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to a +0V voltage, the anode of the second Zener diode ZD2 is connected to the anode of the first Zener diode ZD1, the cathode of the first Zener diode ZD1 is grounded, and the fourth terminal of the first high-speed optocoupler OU1 is connected to a +12V voltage.

[0039] The isolation circuit is mainly composed of a high-speed optocoupler and its peripheral circuits, and is mainly used to improve the anti-interference ability of electrical signals. The high-speed optocoupler mainly works based on the photoelectric effect and the properties of semiconductor materials. At the input end of the high-speed optocoupler, the light emitted by the laser diode is coupled into the semiconductor material to generate electron-hole pairs; at the output end of the high-speed optocoupler, the electron-holes generate leakage current through the strong electric field near the PN junction and are converted into electrical signal output.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] In order to facilitate the experimental verification of the control circuit, a control circuit board was built on the perforated board. The main components of the control circuit are shown in Figure 9 Different functional modules are outlined in different colored boxes in the figure. Box 1 contains the negative voltage circuit module, which provides the negative voltage when the IGBT is turned off; box 2 contains the DC voltage regulator module, which provides 20V when the IGBT is turned on; box 3 contains the DC step-down module, which supplies power to the STM32 main control; box 4 contains the STM32 main control for timing control; and box 5 contains 11 TLP350H high-speed optocouplers and peripheral circuits for IGBT driving.

[0042] Considering that when the capacitor discharges, a transient high current is generated in the drive circuit, if the drive circuit and control circuit are on the same PCB, the high current in the drive circuit could damage the control circuit. Therefore, to ensure the overall stability and reliability of the electromagnetic gun circuit, the high-current drive circuit is isolated and placed on a separate PCB to ensure the isolation of the high-current and low-current circuits. Furthermore, given that this PCB needs to carry high current, a window design is implemented in the wiring to increase the PCB's high-current carrying capacity and heat dissipation capabilities.

[0043] Make a sample according to the drawn PCB board file, then solder the IGBT, resistor, Zener diode and capacitor components to the corresponding positions, and plate a layer of tin on the window traces to ensure the overcurrent capability, refer to Figure 10 , assemble the control board, power board, barrel, charging circuit and speedometer.

[0044] The assembled device was tested at 200V. The specific experimental parameters can be found in Table 1:

[0045] Table 1 Prototype experimental parameters and results

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] As can be seen from the table, the reluctance coil gun test prototype built based on this embodiment can successfully achieve controllable on and off of each stage of the drive circuit, recovery of residual coil energy, and an overall utilization efficiency of 9.2%, with an initial velocity of up to 34.28 m / s, energy recovery at each level, and more than 100 reliable launches.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device, characterized in that: include: A multi-stage transmitting circuit, each stage of which includes a driving circuit, an energy recovery circuit, and an isolation circuit; the driving circuit of each stage is respectively connected to the energy recovery circuit and isolation circuit of the corresponding stage, and the driving circuit is also connected to the energy recovery circuit of the previous stage, which is used to serve as energy for the coil connected to the driving circuit of the next stage; the driving circuit is used to drive the operation of the transmitting circuit; the energy recovery circuit is used to recover and utilize residual energy in the coil; and the isolation circuit is used to isolate the electrical signal; The first-stage driving circuit includes a first diode, a first capacitor, a first connection terminal, a first IGBT, a third resistor, and a sixth diode; the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the first capacitor are grounded, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the first capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode, and the first end of the first connection terminal, the anode of the sixth diode is connected to a +400V voltage, the second end of the first connection terminal is connected to the collector of the first IGBT, the gate of the first IGBT is connected to the first end of the third resistor, and the emitter of the first IGBT and the second end of the third resistor are both grounded; Two ends of the first connection end are connected to two ends of the first-stage coil; The energy recovery circuit of the first level includes a twenty-fourth diode, a twenty-third diode, a seventh diode, a second diode, a third capacitor and a second capacitor; the anode of the twenty-fourth diode and the anode of the twenty-third diode are connected to the collector of the first IGBT, the cathode of the twenty-fourth diode and the cathode of the twenty-third diode are connected to the cathode of the seventh diode, the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the third capacitor and the anode of the second capacitor, the anode of the seventh diode is connected to a +400V voltage, and the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the third capacitor and the cathode of the second capacitor are all grounded.

2. The coil type electromagnetic propulsion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The IGBT is an N-channel IGBT.

3. The coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-level isolation circuit includes a first resistor, a first high-speed photocoupler, a second resistor, a first Zener diode, and a second Zener diode; the first terminal of the first resistor is connected to a +3.3V voltage, the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler, the second terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler is connected to the P1 terminal, the third terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor, the first IGBT gate, and the second Zener diode cathode, the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to a +0V voltage, the anode of the second Zener diode is connected to the anode of the first Zener diode, the cathode of the first Zener diode is grounded, and the fourth terminal of the first high-speed photocoupler is connected to a +12V voltage.

4. The coil-type electromagnetic propulsion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The P1 end is connected to the I / O port of a single-chip microcomputer of the stm32F103C8T6 model, and the main frequency of the single-chip microcomputer is 72MHz.

5. The coil type electromagnetic propulsion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The model of the first high-speed optocoupler is TLP350H.

Images