A saline-alkali soil film under ground preparation and stubble cleaning machine

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of rotary cultivators, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil under-mulching land preparation and stubble cleaning machine, which comprises a frame connected with a tractor, a land preparation and stubble cleaning assembly and a main transmission box with a transmission assembly, the land preparation and stubble cleaning assembly is transmissionally connected with a power output end of the tractor through the transmission assembly, the land preparation and stubble cleaning assembly comprises a connecting frame with a secondary transmission box below the mulching film, a single-shaft smashing cutter arranged below the connecting frame, the single-shaft smashing cutter comprises a fixed cutter shaft with an upper end fixedly connected with the secondary transmission box, an annular stirring fin connected with the fixed cutter shaft through a rotating sleeve, the rotating sleeve is located in the secondary transmission box and transmissionally connected with the transmission assembly, the fixed cutter shaft is provided with a cutter located on the inner side of the annular stirring fin, and the connecting frame is provided with a first plow blade at the front end, without breaking or lifting the mulching film, the labor intensity is effectively reduced, the soil micro-plastic pollution is reduced, the soil water evaporation is reduced, and the soil salinization is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rotary tillers, specifically relating to a soil preparation and stubble removal machine for saline-alkali land under plastic film. Background Technology

[0002] Soil evaporation from farmland not only results in the ineffective loss of soil water but also contributes to soil salinization and other problems, exacerbating the conflict between water scarcity and crop production. Using plastic film mulch can reduce ineffective soil evaporation, conserving water and effectively preventing soil salinization. However, traditional film mulching methods often involve breaking the film during later land preparation and stubble removal. While this removes some large pieces, smaller fragments remain in the soil, leading to microplastic pollution. Alternatively, thick tarpaulins can be used as mulch, manually uncovered and rolled up during later land preparation and stubble removal, and then laid back down until sowing. This method requires significant manual labor and is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, a method that reduces labor while protecting the environment, minimizing soil moisture evaporation, and preventing soil salinization would be crucial for improving the growing environment for crops in saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a saline-alkali land preparation and stubble removal machine that can perform land preparation and stubble removal operations under the mulch film without breaking or lifting the mulch film, effectively reducing labor intensity, reducing soil microplastic pollution, and reducing soil moisture evaporation, which helps to improve soil salinization.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] A soil preparation and stubble removal machine under saline-alkali mulch film includes a frame connected to a tractor, a soil preparation and stubble removal component mounted on the frame, and a main transmission box with a transmission assembly. The soil preparation and stubble removal component is connected to the power output end of the tractor via the transmission assembly. Crucially, the main transmission box is located between adjacent mulch films. The soil preparation and stubble removal component includes a connecting frame located below the mulch film, a set of single-shaft crushing blades located below the connecting frame, and a secondary transmission box located below the connecting frame. The single-shaft crushing blades include a fixed blade shaft whose upper end is fixedly connected to the secondary transmission box, and an annular stirring blade connected to the fixed blade shaft via a rotating sleeve. The rotating sleeve is located inside the secondary transmission box and is connected to the transmission assembly. A set of cutters located inside the annular stirring blades is mounted on the fixed blade shaft. A set of first plow blades is mounted at the front end of the connecting frame.

[0006] The annular stirring blade is provided with a set of rakes. The rakes are located on the rear side of the annular stirring blade along the rotation direction of the rotating sleeve and are set at an angle α with the annular stirring blade, where 10° < α < 90°.

[0007] The main drive box is provided with a second plow blade at its front end, and the lower end of the main drive box is positioned below the ground with the help of the second plow blade.

[0008] The annular stirring blades are arranged at intervals along the traction direction, and the distance between the annular stirring blades and the main drive box increases sequentially from front to back along the traction direction.

[0009] The fixed cutter shaft is tilted backward along the traction direction.

[0010] The single-shaft crusher has a third plow blade located at the rear of the single-shaft crusher, in front of it.

[0011] The main drive box is equipped with land preparation and stubble removal components on both sides.

[0012] The transmission assembly includes a transverse transmission rod that is connected to the output end of the tractor, and a slanted transmission rod that is driven by a bevel gear and the transverse transmission rod. The slanted transmission rod is connected to the rotating sleeve by a chain, belt or gear, and the axial direction of the slanted transmission rod is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating sleeve.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0014] This invention employs a technique of placing a single-shaft crusher under the plastic film for land preparation and stubble removal. The first plow blade breaks up the soil under the plastic film into fragments. Some of the soil broken by the first plow blade slides backward along the blade and is arched up to the top of the connecting frame, compressing and breaking up the surface soil. This reduces the amount of soil under the connecting frame, decreasing resistance to the single-shaft crusher's operation. The annular stirring blades in the single-shaft crusher rotate along the axis of the fixed blade shaft, further breaking up the soil. During stirring, soil clumps and crop residues collide with the cutter on the fixed blade shaft. The cutter cuts the soil clumps and crop residues. During cutting, the upper part of the crop residues is dragged downwards and repeatedly collided with the cutter by the rapidly rotating annular stirring blades, or is pushed to the sides of the annular stirring blades and discharged outside the plastic film, or is further stirred by the rear annular stirring blades. This achieves under-film operation without needing to lift or break the plastic film. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the usage state of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 A top view of the assembly of the main drive box and the land preparation and stubble removal components;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3Schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the single-shaft crusher and the third plow blade;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a vertical view of a single-shaft crusher.

[0020] In the attached diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Main drive box; 3. Mulch film; 4. Connecting frame; 5. Single-shaft crushing blade; 6. Secondary drive box; 7. First plow blade; 8. Second plow blade; 9. Third plow blade; 51. Fixed blade shaft; 52. Rotating sleeve; 53. Annular stirring blade; 54. Cutter; 55. Rake rod. Figure 5 The direction of the middle arrow indicates the rotation direction of the rotating sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0022] Specific implementation examples Figure 1-5 As shown, a soil preparation and stubble removal machine under saline-alkali mulch film includes a frame 1 connected to a tractor, a soil preparation and stubble removal component mounted on the frame 1, and a main transmission box 2 with a transmission assembly. The soil preparation and stubble removal component is connected to the power output end of the tractor via the transmission assembly. Crucially, the main transmission box 2 is located between adjacent mulch films 3. The soil preparation and stubble removal component includes a connecting frame 4 located below the mulch film 3, a set of single-shaft crushing blades 5 located below the connecting frame 4, and a secondary transmission box 6 located below the connecting frame 4. The single-shaft crushing blade 5 includes a fixed blade shaft 51 whose upper end is fixedly connected to the secondary transmission box 6, and an annular stirring blade 53 connected to the fixed blade shaft 51 via a rotating sleeve 52. The rotating sleeve 52 is located inside the secondary transmission box 6 and is connected to the transmission assembly. A set of cutters 54 located inside the annular stirring blades 53 are mounted on the fixed blade shaft 51. A set of first plow blades 7 are located at intervals at the front end of the connecting frame 4. The upper and middle sections of the annular stirring blades 53 overlap with the growth depth of the crop roots. The annular stirring blade 53 can be a circular ring, a rectangular ring, an oblong ring, or an irregularly shaped ring. In this embodiment, an oblong ring is used. The axis of the annular stirring blade 53 is set perpendicular to the axis of the fixed blade shaft 51.

[0023] In this embodiment, one end of the main transmission box 2 is hinged to the frame 1, and the other end of the main transmission box 2 is hinged to the frame 1 by a hydraulic cylinder. The angle of the main transmission box 2 is adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder, so that the main transmission box 2 drives the connecting frame 4 to tilt downward. The first plow blade 7 contacts the ground and breaks the ground. At the same time, the transmission component transmits the kinetic energy of the traction machine's power output end to the rotating sleeve 52 of the single-shaft crushing blade 5. The annular stirring blade 53 rotates along the fixed blade shaft 51 to stir the soil broken by the first plow blade 7. The traction machine presses down the frame 1 with the help of the suspension and pulls forward with the help of the traction machine, so that the connecting frame 4 extends into the ground at an inclined angle. After the connecting frame 4 enters the ground, the hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts to level the connecting frame 4, and the under-film tillage and stubble removal operation is carried out.

[0024] The tractor continues forward, pulling the soil preparation and stubble-killing components under the plastic film 3. The spaced-apart first plow blades 7 break up the soil beneath the plastic film, creating fragments. The bottom of the first plow blades 7 is lower than the bottom of the annular mixing blades 53. As it moves forward, some of the soil broken up by the first plow blades 7 slides backward along them and is arched up above the connecting frame 4, compressing and breaking up the surface soil. This also reduces the amount of soil below the connecting frame 4, reducing resistance to the operation of the single-shaft crusher 5. The 53 rotates along the axis of the fixed cutter shaft 51 to turn over and mix the soil, making the soil more broken. During the mixing process, soil clods and crop residues collide with the cutter 54 on the fixed cutter shaft 51. The cutter 54 cuts the soil clods and crop residues. During the cutting process, the upper part of the crop residues is dragged down and is repeatedly driven by the rapidly rotating annular mixing wings 53 to collide with the cutter 54, or is pushed to both sides of the annular mixing wings 53 and discharged outside the mulch film 3, or is continued to be turned over by the annular mixing wings 53 behind.

[0025] Furthermore, a set of rakes 55 is provided on the annular stirring blade 53. The rakes 55 are located behind the annular stirring blade 53 along the rotation direction of the rotating sleeve 52 and are set at an angle α with the annular stirring blade 53. The end of the cutter 54 is located between the rakes 55, where 10° < α < 90°. In this embodiment, α is 20°. During the rotation of the annular stirring blade 53, smaller pieces flow out from between the rakes 55. Soil clods and crop residues larger than the gap between the rakes 55 are hooked by the rakes 55 and forced to collide with the cutter 54, ensuring the cutting effect.

[0026] Furthermore, a second plow blade 8 is provided on the front end of the main drive box 2. The lower end of the main drive box 2 is positioned below the ground with the help of the second plow blade 8. The second plow blade 8 cuts the soil between two adjacent plastic films 3 to provide a moving channel for the main drive box 2, eliminating the need to dig trenches between the plastic films 3 in advance.

[0027] Furthermore, the annular mixing blades 53 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the traction direction, and the distance between the annular mixing blades 53 and the main transmission box 2 increases sequentially from front to back along the traction direction. As the annular mixing blades 53 move forward with the tractor, the width of the tillage operation at the same position gradually widens, preventing the annular mixing blades 53 from simultaneously turning over and squeezing the soil fragments when they are set along the perpendicular traction direction, thus affecting the normal rotation of the annular mixing blades 53. The arrangement in this embodiment allows the annular mixing blades 53 located on the front side to turn over and mix the soil near the main transmission box 2, breaking and loosening the soil at that position. When the rear annular mixing blades 53 rotate over this section of land, the soil near the main transmission box 2 is easily pushed, providing space for the rear annular mixing blades 53 to turn over and reducing the resistance encountered by the annular mixing blades 53 during operation.

[0028] Furthermore, the fixed cutter shaft 51 is tilted backward along the traction direction to increase the mixing area in the traction direction.

[0029] Furthermore, a third plow blade 9 is provided on the side of the single-shaft crusher 5, located in front of the rear single-shaft crusher 5. The third plow blade 9 is used to further agitate the soil, preventing the soil outside the front single-shaft crusher 5 from accumulating too much hardness when it is working, and reducing the resistance for the rear single-shaft crusher 5.

[0030] Furthermore, the main drive box 2 is equipped with land preparation and stubble removal components on both sides. The traction machine travels between the two plastic films 3. The land preparation and stubble removal components perform under-film operations simultaneously. One travel completes the operation of one plastic film width. Compared with setting the land preparation and stubble removal components on one side, it improves the operation efficiency and provides stable force distribution.

[0031] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a transverse transmission rod perpendicular to the traction direction that is connected to the output end of the tractor, and an oblique transmission rod that is driven by a bevel gear and the transverse transmission rod. The oblique transmission rod is connected to the rotating sleeve 52 by a chain, belt, or gear. In this embodiment, the power output end of the oblique transmission rod and the rotating sleeve 52 are respectively provided with pulleys. The oblique transmission rod is connected to the rotating sleeve 52 by a belt. The axial direction of the oblique transmission rod is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating sleeve 52. The bevel gear changes the transmission direction of the power so that the obliquely set rotating sleeve 52 can rotate normally.

[0032] The present invention provides a soil preparation and stubble removal machine under saline-alkali land film, which can perform under-film operations without lifting or breaking the film, reducing soil microplastic pollution, slowing down soil moisture evaporation, and preventing soil salinization. It will be of great significance for improving the crop planting environment in saline-alkali land.

Claims

1. A soil preparation and stubble removal machine under saline-alkali mulch film, comprising a frame (1) connected to a tractor, a soil preparation and stubble removal assembly mounted on the frame (1), and a main transmission box (2) with a transmission assembly, wherein the soil preparation and stubble removal assembly is connected to the power output end of the tractor via the transmission assembly, characterized in that: The main transmission box (2) is located between adjacent plastic films (3). The land preparation and stubble removal component includes a connecting frame (4) located below the plastic film (3) and a set of single-shaft crushing blades (5) set below the connecting frame (4). A secondary transmission box (6) is set below the connecting frame (4). The single-shaft crushing blade (5) includes a fixed blade shaft (51) whose upper end is fixedly connected to the secondary transmission box (6) and an annular stirring wing (53) connected to the fixed blade shaft (51) by means of a rotating sleeve (52). The rotating sleeve (52) is located inside the secondary transmission box (6) and is connected to the transmission component. A set of cutters (54) located inside the annular stirring wing (53) is set on the fixed blade shaft (51). A set of first plow blades (7) is set at the front end of the connecting frame (4). The first plow blades (7) are spaced apart. The middle and upper sections of the annular stirring wing (53) overlap with the growth depth of the crop roots. The bottom of the first plow blade (7) is lower than the bottom of the annular stirring wing (53). The annular stirring wing (53) is provided with a set of rake rods (55). The rake rods (55) are located on the rear side of the annular stirring wing (53) along the rotation direction of the rotating sleeve (52) and are set at an angle α with the annular stirring wing (53), where 10° < α < 90°. The main transmission box (2) is provided with a second plow blade (8) at its front end, and the lower end of the main transmission box (2) is provided below the ground with the help of the second plow blade (8); The annular stirring blades (53) are arranged at intervals along the traction direction, and the distance between the annular stirring blades (53) and the main transmission box (2) increases sequentially from front to back along the traction direction; The side of the single-shaft crusher (5) is provided with a third plow blade (9) located in front of the single-shaft crusher (5) at the rear. One end of the main transmission box (2) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end of the main transmission box (2) is hinged to the frame (1) by a hydraulic cylinder.

2. The saline-alkali land preparation and stubble removal machine under plastic film as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed cutter shaft (51) is inclined backward along the traction direction.

3. The saline-alkali land preparation and stubble removal machine under plastic film as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The main drive box (2) is equipped with land preparation and stubble removal components on both sides.

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