A field composting method suitable for filling fallow crops

Abstract

This invention discloses a field composting method suitable for fallow crops, belonging to the field of agricultural planting technology. The method is as follows: (1) After the fallow crops are harvested, the crop stems and vines are collected and crushed to a particle size ≤5cm to obtain material residue; (2) The moisture content of the material residue is adjusted to 55% to 65%, the pH is adjusted to 6 to 7, and then a ripening agent is added and mixed evenly to obtain a composite material residue; (3) The composite material residue is evenly spread into the soil and shallowly turned over so that the composite material residue is mixed into the soil at a depth of 5 to 15cm for composting. After the composting is completed, the soil can be plowed and the next crop can be planted. This invention prepares a ripening agent and mixes it with the material residue and buries it in the topsoil for composting. There is no need to pile or turn the pile. The method is simple. The ripening agent mixed in can accelerate the composting rate and degree of the material residue. The fully composted material residue releases nutrients into the soil and improves the soil physicochemical properties, which can better promote the growth of the next crop.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a field composting method suitable for fallow crops. Background Technology

[0002] Fallow crops are crops planted during the gap between the harvest of the main crop and the sowing of the next crop. These crops are salt-tolerant, have short growth cycles, can absorb residual nitrogen in the soil, and reduce the content of nutrient salt ions in the topsoil. Planting fallow crops during the fallow period has multiple ecological benefits, including improving soil fertility, promoting microbial activity, reducing nutrient leaching, suppressing weed growth and pests, and promoting better growth of subsequent crops. In recent years, they have been widely promoted worldwide.

[0003] Current technologies typically employ composting or direct plowing into the soil to return fallow crops to the field. Composting requires manure preparation and turning during the composting process, making it cumbersome and costly. Plowing involves harvesting the fallow crop after it has grown for a certain period and then turning the stems into the soil, allowing them to decompose and release nutrients, thus improving the soil's physical and chemical properties. The decomposition rate of fallow crops in the soil is influenced by soil conditions and their own carbon-nitrogen ratio, among other factors. Natural decomposition in the soil is slow; some crops require more than a year to decompose completely, and nutrients cannot be released in a timely manner. In particular, the high fiber content in the stems can affect the sowing of subsequent crops. Furthermore, crops absorb a large amount of nitrogen during decomposition. If they are not decomposed in time before the sowing of subsequent crops, they will compete with the seedlings of the following season for nitrogen, causing seedling yellowing and poor growth. Applying nitrogen fertilizer or microbial agents can promote the decomposition of fallow crops and the release of nutrients to a certain extent. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer or microbial agents can easily lead to soil acidification, compaction, and imbalance of soil microbial communities.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a field composting method suitable for fallow crops to promote their rapid and full decomposition in the soil, effectively improve the soil's physical and chemical properties, and better promote the growth of subsequent crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a field composting method suitable for fallow crops, which solves the problem that the decomposition rate of fallow crops in the soil is slow under conventional tillage and soil-planting methods, affecting the sowing and growth of subsequent crops.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] A field composting method suitable for filling fallow crops, the method is as follows:

[0008] (1) After the fallow crops are harvested, the crop stems and vines are collected and crushed to a particle size of ≤5cm to obtain material residue;

[0009] (2) Adjust the moisture content of the slag to 55% to 65%, adjust the pH to 6 to 7, and then add the ripening agent and mix thoroughly to obtain the composite slag;

[0010] (3) Spread the composite material residue evenly into the soil, and lightly turn it over so that the composite material residue is mixed into the top layer of soil at a depth of 5-15cm for decomposition. After decomposition, it can be plowed and planted with subsequent crops.

[0011] The ripening agent in step (2) consists of ripening agent A and ripening agent B, and the ripening agent includes the following raw materials:

[0012] Ripening agent A: Ethyl acetate, glutathione, D-cyclopropylglycine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and compound microbial inoculant;

[0013] Ripening agent B: polyethylene glycol, calcium oxide, cinnamic acid, palmitic acid, and maifanite.

[0014] Furthermore, the compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Clostridium thermophilum mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation methods of ripening agent A and ripening agent B are as follows:

[0016] ripening agent A:

[0017] S1: Place the compound microbial agent into LB liquid culture medium and shake it in a shaker at 30-37℃ and 200-300r / min for 18-32h to obtain activated microbial solution, ready for use;

[0018] S2: Dissolve glutathione in water, then add D-cyclopropylglycine and mix well to obtain a mixture; add p-hydroxybenzaldehyde to ethyl acetate and stir to mix evenly, then add the mixture, adjust the pH to 6-7, stir at 200-300 r / min for 15-30 min, then add activated microbial inoculum and mix well to obtain ripening agent A;

[0019] ripening agent B:

[0020] S3: Cinnamic acid is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to obtain cinnamic acid solution; polyethylene glycol is heated to 60-70℃ to melt, and cinnamic acid solution is added while maintaining a constant temperature for 20-40 minutes. After the reaction is completed, calcium oxide is added, mixed thoroughly, dried, and granulated to obtain composite particles.

[0021] S4: Add palmitic acid to a 60% ethanol solution, stir to dissolve, then add maifanite and stir to form a suspension. Then add composite particles, mix evenly, dry and granulate to obtain ripening agent B.

[0022] By crushing the stems and leaves of fallow crops, adjusting their moisture content and pH to obtain residue, and mixing it with a ripening agent, the residue is then turned into shallow soil for composting. This method eliminates the need for additional piling and turning of the residue, simplifying the process and reducing operating costs. During composting in the soil, ethyl acetate in ripening agent A, combined with glutathione, breaks down the easily decomposable proteins and amino acids on the surface of the residue, promoting rapid decomposition. This provides abundant nutrients and energy for microbial growth and reproduction, encouraging their colonization and increasing their decomposition. After the easily decomposable substances in the residue have largely decomposed, D-cyclopropylglycine in the ripening agent further acts on the difficult-to-decompose substances such as cellulose, disrupting the cellulose crystal structure and making it loose. This allows microorganisms to enter the interior and rapidly decompose the cellulose, resulting in rapid and thorough composting of the residue.

[0023] While directly mixing the residue into the soil for composting can reduce operating costs, the residue is relatively dispersed in the soil, resulting in insufficient temperature rise during composting. This slows down the composting rate and promotes the growth of numerous insect eggs, increasing the risk of pests and diseases in subsequent crops. Therefore, this invention also includes a ripening agent B, specifically made by encapsulating calcium oxide in polyethylene glycol to form composite particles. During the composting process, the calcium oxide is gradually released and reacts with water to release heat, thereby increasing the composting temperature. This not only accelerates the composting rate but also kills insect eggs generated during composting. However, the heat released by the calcium oxide can easily impact the particle encapsulation layer, causing the particles to burst. Therefore, cinnamic acid was added to react with polyethylene glycol to improve the stability of its skeletal structure. Furthermore, a suspension made of palmitic acid and maifanite was used to re-encapsulate the polyethylene glycol-encapsulated calcium oxide particles. Maifanite has good thermal conductivity and a porous structure, which can effectively transfer the heat released by the reaction of calcium oxide with water. At the same time, the phase change property of palmitic acid is used to absorb and store the excess heat released, preventing the temperature from rising too high and killing the microorganisms that decompose the residue. Through the combined action of ripening agent A and ripening agent B, the decomposition rate of the fallow crop in the soil is effectively accelerated, while killing the insect eggs produced during the decomposition process, preventing the increase of pests and diseases and causing pests and diseases in subsequent crops.

[0024] Because the nutrients released from the rapidly decomposing slag are easily lost into the soil, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was added to the ripening agent. During the process of slag decomposing and releasing nutrients, the released nutrients were inhibited from penetrating downwards and were retained and fixed in the soil, thus improving the soil's physical and chemical properties and promoting better growth of subsequent crops.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S1, the concentration of bacteria in the activated microbial solution is 1–5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 .

[0026] Furthermore, in step S2, the mass ratio of glutathione, D-cyclopropylglycine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and activated microbial culture is (2-4):(2-5):(1-2):(1-2):(0.5-2).

[0027] Furthermore, in step S3, the mass ratio of cinnamic acid, polyethylene glycol, and calcium oxide is (0.2-0.6):(3-6):(2-4).

[0028] Furthermore, in step S4, the mass ratio of palmitic acid, maifanite, and composite particles is (1-3):(3-5):(5-10).

[0029] Furthermore, in step (2), when adding ripening agent, ripening agent A and ripening agent B are weighed according to the mass ratio of ripening agent A, ripening agent B and slag (10-25): (8-16): (100-300). Ripening agent A is added to the slag first and mixed evenly, and then ripening agent B is added and mixed evenly to obtain composite slag.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention directly crushes the stems and leaves of idle crops and turns them into the soil for decomposition, without the need for additional piling or turning operations. The method is relatively simple and reduces operating costs.

[0032] 2. This invention involves preparing a ripening agent and mixing it with the stems and residues of fallow crops, then applying it to the soil for fermentation and decomposition. The ripening agent can effectively accelerate the decomposition rate of the residues, improve the degree of decomposition, and kill insect eggs generated during the decomposition process. At the same time, the products of the ripening agent can also neutralize the organic acids released by the decomposition of the residues, maintaining the stability of the soil pH. The nutrients released by the full decomposition of the residues can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thereby promoting the good growth of subsequent crops. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0034] All raw materials used in this invention can be purchased commercially. The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol used in the following invention is 8000.

[0035] Example 1: Preparation of ripening agent

[0036] ripening agent A:

[0037] S1: Weigh out Bacillus subtilis, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Clostridium thermophilum in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent. Place the compound microbial agent into LB liquid medium and culture it in a shaker at 35℃ and 250 r / min for 24 h to obtain a cell concentration of approximately 3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The activated microbial culture solution is ready for use.

[0038] S2: Weigh 3 kg of glutathione and dissolve it in 30 kg of water. Then add 4 kg of D-cyclopropylglycine and mix well to obtain a mixture. Take 1.5 kg of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and add it to 1.5 kg of ethyl acetate and stir to mix evenly. Then add the mixture and adjust the pH to 6.5. Stir at 250 r / min for 25 min. Then add 1.2 kg of activated microbial inoculum and mix evenly to obtain ripening agent A.

[0039] ripening agent B:

[0040] S3: Weigh 0.4 kg of cinnamic acid and dissolve it in 2 kg of anhydrous ethanol to obtain a cinnamic acid solution; take 4 kg of polyethylene glycol, heat it to 65°C to melt it, keep the temperature constant and add the cinnamic acid solution to react for 30 min. After the reaction is completed, add 3 kg of calcium oxide and mix thoroughly. After drying at 45°C, put it into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 0.5 mm to obtain composite particles.

[0041] S4: Add 2 kg of palmitic acid to 20 kg of 60% ethanol solution, stir to dissolve, then add 4 kg of maifanite and stir to form a suspension. Then add 8 kg of composite particles and mix evenly. After drying at 45°C, put the mixture into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 1 mm to obtain ripening agent B.

[0042] Example 2: Preparation of ripening agent

[0043] ripening agent A:

[0044] S1: Weigh out Bacillus subtilis, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Clostridium thermophilum in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent. Place the compound microbial agent into LB liquid medium and culture it in a shaker at 32℃ and 200 r / min for 18 h to obtain a cell concentration of approximately 1×10⁻⁶. 9 The activated microbial culture solution is ready for use.

[0045] S2: Weigh 2 kg of glutathione and dissolve it in 20 kg of water. Then add 2 kg of D-cyclopropylglycine and mix well to obtain a mixture. Take 1 kg of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and add it to 1 kg of ethyl acetate. Stir and mix well. Then add the mixture and adjust the pH to 6. Stir at 200 r / min for 15 min. Then add 0.5 kg of activated microbial inoculum and mix well to obtain ripening agent A.

[0046] ripening agent B:

[0047] S3: Weigh 0.2 kg of cinnamic acid and dissolve it in 1 kg of anhydrous ethanol to obtain a cinnamic acid solution; take 3 kg of polyethylene glycol, heat it to 65°C to melt it, keep the temperature constant and add the cinnamic acid solution to react for 20 min. After the reaction is complete, add 2 kg of calcium oxide and mix thoroughly. After drying at 45°C, put it into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 0.5 mm to obtain composite particles.

[0048] S4: Add 1 kg of palmitic acid to 10 kg of 60% ethanol solution and stir to dissolve. Then add 3 kg of maifanite and stir to form a suspension. Then add 5 kg of composite particles and mix evenly. After drying at 45°C, put the mixture into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 1 mm to obtain ripening agent B.

[0049] Example 3: Preparation of ripening agent

[0050] ripening agent A:

[0051] S1: Weigh out Bacillus subtilis, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Clostridium thermophilum in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a compound microbial agent. Place the compound microbial agent into LB liquid medium and culture it in a shaker at 36℃ and 300r / min for 32h to obtain a cell concentration of approximately 5×10⁻⁶. 9 The activated microbial culture solution is ready for use.

[0052] S2: Weigh 4 kg of glutathione and dissolve it in 40 kg of water. Then add 5 kg of D-cyclopropylglycine and mix well to obtain a mixture. Take 2 kg of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and add it to 2 kg of ethyl acetate. Stir and mix well. Then add the mixture and adjust the pH to 7. Stir at 300 r / min for 30 min. Then add 2 kg of activated microbial inoculum and mix well to obtain ripening agent A.

[0053] ripening agent B:

[0054] S3: Weigh 0.6 kg of cinnamic acid and dissolve it in 3 kg of anhydrous ethanol to obtain cinnamic acid solution; take 6 kg of polyethylene glycol, heat it to 70°C to melt it, keep the temperature constant and add the cinnamic acid solution to react for 40 min. After the reaction is completed, add 4 kg of calcium oxide and mix thoroughly. After drying at 45°C, put it into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 0.5 mm to obtain composite particles.

[0055] S4: Add 3 kg of palmitic acid to 30 kg of 60% ethanol solution, stir to dissolve, then add 5 kg of maifanite and stir to form a suspension. Then add 10 kg of composite particles and mix evenly. After drying at 45°C, put the mixture into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 1 mm to obtain ripening agent B.

[0056] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of ripening agent

[0057] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that glutathione was not added during the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 1, as detailed below:

[0058] Preparation of ripening agent A:

[0059] S1: Same as in Example 1;

[0060] S2: Add 4 kg of D-cyclopropylglycine to 30 kg of water and mix well to obtain a mixed solution; take 1.5 kg of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and add it to 1.5 kg of ethyl acetate and stir to mix evenly, then add the mixed solution, adjust the pH to 6.5, stir and react at 250 r / min for 25 min, then add 1.2 kg of activated microbial inoculum and mix evenly to obtain ripening agent A;

[0061] Preparation of ripening agent B: Same as in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of ripening agent

[0063] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that D-cyclopropylglycine was not added during the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 2, as detailed below:

[0064] Preparation of ripening agent A:

[0065] S1: Same as in Example 1;

[0066] S2: Weigh 3 kg of glutathione and dissolve it in 30 kg of water to obtain a glutathione solution; add 1.5 kg of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde to 1.5 kg of ethyl acetate and stir to mix evenly, then add the glutathione solution, adjust the pH to 6.5, stir at 250 r / min for 25 min, then add 1.2 kg of activated microbial inoculum and mix evenly to obtain ripening agent A;

[0067] Preparation of ripening agent B: Same as in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of ripening agent

[0069] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was not added during the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 3, as detailed below:

[0070] Preparation of ripening agent A:

[0071] S1: Same as in Example 1;

[0072] S2: Weigh 3 kg of glutathione and dissolve it in 30 kg of water. Then add 4 kg of D-cyclopropylglycine and mix well to obtain a mixture. Add 1.5 kg of ethyl acetate to the mixture and stir until homogeneous. Adjust the pH to 6.5 and stir at 250 r / min for 25 min. Then add 1.2 kg of activated microbial inoculum and mix well to obtain ripening agent A.

[0073] Preparation of ripening agent B: Same as in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of ripening agent

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that ethyl acetate was not added during the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 4, as detailed below:

[0076] Preparation of ripening agent A:

[0077] S1: Same as in Example 1;

[0078] S2: Weigh 3 kg of glutathione and dissolve it in 30 kg of water. Then add 4 kg of D-cyclopropylglycine and mix well to obtain a mixture. Add 1.5 kg of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde to the mixture and stir until homogeneous. Adjust the pH to 6.5 and stir at 250 r / min for 25 min. Then add 1.2 kg of activated microbial inoculum and mix well to obtain ripening agent A.

[0079] Preparation of ripening agent B: Same as in Example 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 5: Preparation of ripening agent

[0081] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that cinnamic acid solution was not added during the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 5, as detailed below:

[0082] Preparation of ripening agent A: Same as in Example 1;

[0083] Preparation of ripening agent B:

[0084] S3: Take 4 kg of polyethylene glycol, heat it to 65℃ to melt it, add 3 kg of calcium oxide and mix it thoroughly. After drying at 45℃, put it into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 0.5 mm to obtain composite particles.

[0085] S4: Same as Example 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of ripening agent

[0087] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that palmitic acid was not added during the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 6, as detailed below:

[0088] Preparation of ripening agent A: Same as in Example 1;

[0089] Preparation of ripening agent B:

[0090] S3: Same as in Example 1;

[0091] S4: Take 20 kg of 60% ethanol solution, add 4 kg of maifanite and stir to form a suspension, then add 8 kg of composite particles and mix evenly. After drying at 45℃, put it into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 1 mm to obtain ripening agent B.

[0092] Comparative Example 7: Preparation of ripening agent

[0093] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that Maifan stone was not added during the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 7, as detailed below:

[0094] Preparation of ripening agent A: Same as in Example 1;

[0095] Preparation of ripening agent B:

[0096] S3: Same as in Example 1;

[0097] S4: Add 2 kg of palmitic acid to 20 kg of 60% ethanol solution, stir to dissolve, then add 8 kg of composite particles and mix evenly. After drying at 45°C, put the mixture into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 1 mm to obtain ripening agent B.

[0098] Comparative Example 8: Preparation of ripening agent

[0099] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that step S4 is missing in the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 8, that is, palmitic acid and maifanite are not added, as detailed below:

[0100] Preparation of ripening agent A: Same as in Example 1;

[0101] Preparation of ripening agent B:

[0102] S3: Weigh 0.4 kg of cinnamic acid and dissolve it in 2 kg of anhydrous ethanol to obtain cinnamic acid solution; take 4 kg of polyethylene glycol, heat it to 65°C to melt it, keep the temperature constant and add the cinnamic acid solution to react for 30 min. After the reaction is completed, add 3 kg of calcium oxide and mix thoroughly. After drying at 45°C, put it into a granulator to prepare particles with a particle size of about 0.5 mm to obtain ripening agent B.

[0103] Comparative Example 9: Preparation of ripening agent

[0104] In contrast to Example 1, the difference is that ripening agent A was not used in the preparation of ripening agent in Comparative Example 9.

[0105] Comparative Example 10: Preparation of ripening agent

[0106] In contrast to Example 1, the difference is that ripening agent B was not used in the preparation of the ripening agent in Comparative Example 10.

[0107] Comparative Example 11: Preparation of ripening agent

[0108] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 11, the ripening agent is only a microbial inoculum, as detailed below:

[0109] Bacillus subtilis, thermophilic actinomycetes, and Clostridium thermophilum were weighed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a compound microbial inoculum. The compound microbial inoculum was placed in LB liquid medium and cultured on a shaker at 35℃ and 250 r / min for 24 h to obtain a cell concentration of approximately 3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The activated microbial liquid is the ripening agent.

[0110] Example 4: Field composting method for fallow crops

[0111] (1) After harvesting the fallow crop, Changwu Huai Dou, collect the stems and vines of Changwu Huai Dou and crush them to a particle size of about 3cm to obtain material residue.

[0112] (2) Adjust the moisture content of the slag to 60% and the pH to 6.5. Weigh the ripening agent A and ripening agent B prepared according to the method in Example 1 according to the mass ratio of ripening agent A: ripening agent B: slag = 20:12:200. First, add ripening agent A to the slag and mix evenly. Then let it stand for 3 hours. Then add ripening agent B and mix evenly to obtain composite slag.

[0113] (3) Spread the composite material residue evenly into the soil, and lightly turn it over so that the composite material residue is mixed into the top layer of soil at a depth of 5-15cm for decomposition. After decomposition, it can be plowed and planted with subsequent crops.

[0114] Experiment 1: Field composting experiment of idle crops

[0115] A field composting experiment of fallow crops was conducted at the Changwu Experimental Station in Shaanxi Province. The fallow crop, Changwu Huai soybean, was planted there. After harvesting the Changwu Huai soybean, the stems and vines of the Changwu Huai soybean and weeds in the experimental area were collected and crushed to a particle size of approximately 3 cm to obtain the residue.

[0116] Weigh out 12 portions of residue, each weighing 2 kg, corresponding to experimental group 1 and control groups 1-11. Adjust the moisture content of the residue to 60% and the pH to 6.5. Then add ripening agent to each portion and mix well to obtain composite residue. Specifically:

[0117] In Experimental Group 1, 0.18 kg of ripening agent A prepared in Example 1 and 0.12 kg of ripening agent B prepared in Example 1 were added to the slag and mixed evenly to obtain the composite slag of Experimental Group 1.

[0118] In control groups 1-8, 0.18 kg of ripening agent A prepared in comparative examples 1-8 and 0.12 kg of ripening agent B prepared in comparative examples 1-8 were added to the slag and mixed evenly to obtain composite slag of control groups 1-8.

[0119] The composite residue of control group 9 was obtained by adding only 0.12 kg of ripening agent B prepared in comparative example 9;

[0120] The composite residue of control group 10 was obtained by adding only 0.18 kg of ripening agent A prepared in comparative example 10;

[0121] The control group 11 was obtained by adding only 5.24g of the activated microbial solution prepared in the comparative example 11.

[0122] Each group of composite material residues was placed in a nylon mesh bag and buried in the soil at a depth of 10cm. The decomposition rate of each group of composite material residues was measured on the 15th and 25th days. The specific operation was as follows: the nylon mesh bag was removed, the residue residue inside the bag was taken out and washed with distilled water, dried at 65℃ to constant weight, and the decomposition rate was measured. The data are shown in Table 1.

[0123] Decomposition rate (%) = (M0 - M) t ) / M0×100%;(M t The dry matter mass of the crop at time t (number of days of decomposition) is filled in; M0 is the initial dry matter mass. The mortality rate of Ascaris eggs was detected according to the method of GB / T 19524.2-2004, and the data are shown in Table 1.

[0124] Table 1

[0125] Decomposition rate on day 15 (%) Decomposition rate on day 25 (%) Mortality rate of Ascaris eggs (%) Experimental group 1 49.8％ 75.3％ 99％ Control group 1 39.7％ 63.8％ 98％ Control group 2 43.2％ 65.2％ 99％ Control group 3 48.9％ 74.6％ 97％ Control group 4 41.9％ 65.6％ 98％ Control group 5 48.2％ 73.7％ 97％ Control group 6 46.5％ 70.4％ 96％ Control group 7 45.7％ 69.3％ 94％ control group 8 44.8％ 66.4％ 90％ Control group 9 22.5％ 34.7％ 87％ control group 10 37.2％ 56.3％ 68％ Control group 11 16.3％ 23.4％ 52％

[0126] Based on the data analysis in Table 1, we can conclude that:

[0127] (1) After the ripening agent prepared in Example 1 was applied to the soybean residue of Changwu, the decomposition rate of the residue was 1-11 higher than that of the control group. The decomposition rate reached 49.8% on the 15th day and 75.3% on the 25th day. Moreover, the mortality rate of roundworms was high. This shows that the ripening agent prepared according to the method of the present invention can be added to the residue and then turned into the soil for decomposition. This can effectively promote the decomposition of the residue, increase the decomposition rate, and at the same time, effectively kill the breeding insect eggs.

[0128] (2) No glutathione was added during the preparation of the ripening agent in control group 1 and no ethyl acetate was added during the preparation of the ripening agent in control group 4. The decomposition rate of protein, amino acids and other components in the residue was relatively slow, which affected the activity and proliferation of microorganisms and inhibited the decomposition of internal cellulose and other components, thus reducing the decomposition rate. No D-cyclopropylglycine was added during the preparation of the ripening agent in control group 2. The structure of cellulose and other difficult-to-decompose components in the residue was more stable, which inhibited the decomposition process.

[0129] (3) No cinnamic acid solution was added during the preparation of the ripening agent in control group 5, and no palmitic acid was added during the preparation of the ripening agent in control group 6; no maifanite was added during the preparation of the ripening agent in control group 7, and no palmitic acid or maifanite was added during the preparation of the ripening agent in control group 8. The structural stability and heat release performance of ripening agent B in control groups 5 to 8 were affected, and the decomposition rate of the slag was also affected to varying degrees.

[0130] (4) In control group 9, ripening agent A was not prepared during the preparation of the ripening agent. The decomposition rate of the residue was greatly reduced by relying solely on the combined heating effect of the original microorganisms in the soil and ripening agent B. However, the mortality rate of ascarid eggs was relatively good under the heating effect of ripening agent B. In control group 10, ripening agent B was not prepared during the preparation of the ripening agent. The temperature of the residue was low, which had a significant impact on the decomposition rate of the residue. Furthermore, the temperature increase was insufficient, and the ascarid eggs were not effectively killed.

[0131] Experiment 2: Soil Improvement Experiment Using Fallen Crops in the Field

[0132] 1. A soil improvement experiment using field composting of fallow crops was conducted at the Changwu Experimental Station in Shaanxi Province. Specifically, after harvesting Changwu Huai beans, the stems and vines of Changwu Huai beans were collected and crushed to a particle size of approximately 3 cm. An area was designated as the experimental area. The initial physicochemical properties of the soil at a depth of 20 cm in the experimental area were first measured. Then, the experimental area was divided into 12 smaller areas, each with an area of ​​3 × 3 m: corresponding to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11. The crushed residue was divided into 12 equal portions, each weighing 20 kg. Then, the ripening agents of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 were added according to steps (2) and (3) in Example 4, and field composting was carried out. The only difference between the groups is the ripening agent used. Group 1 of Example uses the ripening agent prepared by the method of Example 1. Groups 1 to 11 of Comparative Examples use the ripening agents prepared by the methods of Comparative Examples 1 to 11, respectively. Among them, Group 9 of Comparative Example only adds ripening agent B; Group 10 of Comparative Example only adds ripening agent A; and Group 11 of Comparative Example directly uses activated microbial liquid as ripening agent, with an addition amount of 58.3g.

[0133] 2. Results detection: The physicochemical properties of the soil at a depth of 20cm were measured again after 30 days of composting. The data are shown in Table 2.

[0134] Table 2

[0135] Organic carbon (g / kg) Total nitrogen (g / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) initial value 8.43 2.04 20.85 96.3 Example 1 15.47 3.68 33.64 219.4 Comparative Example 1 13.13 3.23 29.98 178.5 Comparative Example 2 13.76 3.59 30.05 194.6 Comparative Example 3 14.27 3.27 31.94 207.3 Comparative Example 4 13.36 3.33 31.11 184.2 Comparative Example 5 14.15 3.58 33.06 203.6 Comparative Example 6 14.02 3.57 32.95 205.3 Comparative Example 7 14.27 3.56 33.08 203.6 Comparative Example 8 13.31 3.42 32.09 189.9 Comparative Example 9 10.18 2.73 26.11 161.3 Comparative Example 10 12.27 3.15 28.96 179.7 Comparative Example 11 9.06 2.41 24.04 141.6

[0136] Based on the data analysis in Table 2, we can conclude that:

[0137] (1) The improvement of soil physical and chemical properties in Example 1 was higher than that in Comparative Examples 1 to 11. The content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly, indicating that the composting of fallow crops according to the method of the present invention can effectively promote the decomposition of fallow crop residues and release nutrients, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and thus promote the growth of subsequent crops.

[0138] (2) In Comparative Examples 1 and 4, the absence of raw materials in ripening agent A resulted in a slow decomposition rate of proteins and amino acids in the residue. In Comparative Example 2, the lack of raw materials in ripening agent A led to a slower decomposition rate of cellulose and other substances, thus affecting the ripening process. After 30 days, the nutrient release in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 was relatively low. In Comparative Example 3, the ripening agent lacked p-hydroxybenzaldehyde during preparation, resulting in partial nutrient loss and consequently, a lower nutrient content was observed in the soil at a depth of 20 cm.

[0139] (3) The raw materials of ripening agent B in Comparative proportions 5 to 8 did affect the stable and continuous heat release and heat transfer performance of the ripening agent, which affected the decomposition rate and thus affected the release of nutrients.

[0140] (4) In Comparative Examples 9 and 10, the decomposition rate was significantly reduced when ripening agent A and ripening agent B were missing, respectively.

[0141] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A field composting method suitable for a field of a fill-in crop, characterized by, The method is as follows: (1) Collecting crop stems and leaves after the harvest of the filler crops, crushing to a particle size of ≤5 cm to obtain residue; (2) Adjusting the water content of the residue to 55%-65%, adjusting the pH to 6-7, and then adding ripening agent to mix uniformly to obtain a composite residue; (3) Spraying the composite residue into the soil, plowing to mix the composite residue into the soil at a depth of 5-15 cm for composting, and after the composting is completed, plowing and planting the following crops; The ripening agent in step (2) is composed of ripening agent A and ripening agent B, and the ripening agent comprises the following raw materials: Ripening agent A: ethyl acetate, glutathione, D-cyclopropyl glycine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and composite microbial agent; Ripening agent B: polyethylene glycol, calcium oxide, cinnamic acid, palmitic acid, and medical stone; The preparation method of the ripening agent A and the ripening agent B is as follows: Ripening agent A: S1: Placing the composite microbial agent into LB liquid medium, and culturing at 30-37°C and a rotation speed of 200-300 r / min for 18-32 h to obtain activated microbial liquid, which is ready for use; S2: Dissolving glutathione in water, then adding D-cyclopropyl glycine to mix uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; adding p-hydroxybenzaldehyde into ethyl acetate, stirring to mix uniformly, then adding the mixed solution, adjusting the pH to 6-7, and stirring at a rotation speed of 200-300 r / min for 15-30 min, and then adding the activated microbial liquid to mix uniformly to obtain the ripening agent A; Ripening agent B: S3: Dissolving cinnamic acid in anhydrous ethanol to obtain a cinnamic acid solution; heating polyethylene glycol to 60-70°C to melt, keeping constant temperature, adding the cinnamic acid solution to react for 20-40 min, after the reaction is completed, adding calcium oxide to mix uniformly, and then drying and granulating to obtain a composite granule; S4: Adding palmitic acid into a 60% ethanol solution, stirring to dissolve, then adding medical stone to form a suspension, and then adding the composite granule to mix uniformly, and then drying and granulating to obtain the ripening agent B.

2. The method for field composting as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The composite microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, high-temperature actinomycetes, and Clostridium thermocellum at a mass ratio of 2:1:

1.

3. The method for field composting according to claim 2, wherein The concentration of the microorganism in the activated microorganism solution in step S1 is 1-5×10 9 .

4. The method for field composting according to claim 3, wherein, In step S2, the mass ratio of glutathione, D-cyclopropyl glycine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and activated microbial liquid is (2-4):(2-5):(1-2):(1-2):(0.5-2).

5. The method for field composting as claimed in claim 4, wherein, In step S3, the mass ratio of cinnamic acid, polyethylene glycol, and calcium oxide is (0.2-0.6):(3-6):(2-4).

6. The method for field composting according to claim 5, wherein, In step S4, the mass ratio of palmitic acid, medical stone, and composite granule is (1-3):(3-5):(5-10).

7. The method for field composting as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (2), the ripening agent A, the ripening agent B, and the residue are weighed according to the mass ratio of (10-25):(8-16):(100-300), the ripening agent A is first added into the residue to mix uniformly, then the ripening agent B is added to mix uniformly to obtain the composite residue.