A fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage battery and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries and a method for using the same. The fiber grating monitoring system can solve the problem that the existing battery management system monitoring system cannot provide early warning and can only control the spread of thermal failure accidents at the initial stage or after the accident. The present invention adopts optical monitoring with ultra-long life and can monitor online in real time. The fiber grating sensor is inherently safe and does not require power drive. The possibility of gas explosion caused by electric sparks is avoided from the root. The early battery shell deformation, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery box, the battery temperature, and the temperature of the series connection can be accurately monitored throughout the life cycle. The sensor in a single battery box adopts an integrated installation method, which can realize overall fast installation and replacement, and the battery box optical cable can be quickly connected, providing a solution for the overall safety monitoring of the energy storage battery compartment, and can well reduce the occurrence of electrochemical energy storage thermal failure accidents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber grating sensors, and in particular relates to a fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries. Background Art

[0002] Electrochemical energy storage is a technology that converts electrical energy into chemical energy for storage through electrochemical reactions, and converts chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. It uses the charging and discharging process of batteries or similar chemical devices to achieve energy storage and release. Electrochemical energy storage technology has been widely used in power systems, new energy vehicles, portable electronic devices and other fields due to its high energy density, high efficiency, fast response and good reversibility.

[0003] However, electrochemical energy storage safety accidents occur frequently. The safety of large-scale energy storage is a system-level safety issue, because more than tens of thousands of single cells are connected in series and parallel, which is extremely complex. At the same time, the electrochemical energy storage power station battery pack, battery management system (BMS), energy management system (EMS), energy storage converter (PCS), etc., any hidden dangers and defects in any component will cause the entire energy storage station to catch fire or even explode. In recent years, relevant documents and standards issued by various countries have required the strengthening of risk monitoring of safe operation of electrochemical energy storage power stations.

[0004] The current risk monitoring is mainly based on the battery thermal management system of the battery management system (BMS). The thermal management system includes temperature sensors, heating and cooling systems, temperature control strategies, thermal balance management, thermal runaway protection, etc. The monitoring items of the battery management system (BMS) are mainly temperature, and most of them are supplemented by smoke, gas, infrared and other monitoring methods. The temperature sensors are mainly based on thermocouples and NTC negative temperature coefficient thermistors. These monitoring methods can monitor and feedback the monitoring results to the fire execution unit for automatic execution to control the expansion of accidents. Although the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents can be avoided to a certain extent, early warning of thermal runaway and thermal runaway spread cannot be carried out, and the root cause cannot be cured. In addition, the life of the current electrical sensors is limited, and they need to be shut down for maintenance and replacement, which reduces the efficiency of equipment use. The monitoring process needs to be powered on for monitoring, and there is a risk of electric sparks and explosions caused by reactions of flammable gases generated in the battery during the monitoring process. For example, Chinese patent CN112230327 A discloses "an all-glass packaging device and packaging method for fiber Bragg gratings". Based on this, a new fiber Bragg grating sensor substrate is innovatively developed with super durability and stability. It can fundamentally solve the problems of sensor stability and lifespan, and the fiber Bragg grating sensor is inherently safe and does not require power drive; it can also accurately monitor the early battery shell deformation, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery box, the battery temperature, and the temperature of the wiring board throughout the life cycle. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries and a method for using the same, which can solve the problem that the existing battery management system monitoring system cannot provide early warning and can only control the spread of thermal failure accidents at the early stage of the accident or after the accident occurs; optical monitoring has an ultra-long life and can monitor online in real time, while avoiding the possibility of gas explosion caused by electric sparks from the root; the line connection method is a quick connector type, and the monitoring substrates are all modular, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of electrochemical energy storage thermal failure accidents.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The embodiment of the present invention provides a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery, comprising a battery pack base (1) and a fiber Bragg grating demodulator (13); the battery pack base (1) is a box-type structure, on which an upper cover (12) is provided; a monitoring system mounting seat (2), an upper limit device and a side thrust device, an energy storage battery (5) and an energy storage battery series connection plate (6) are installed in the battery pack base (1);

[0008] The monitoring system mounting seat (2) is provided with a displacement transmission device (7), a battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8), a battery shell temperature monitoring module, a temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) and a pressure monitoring module (11); the battery shell temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the shell temperature of the energy storage battery (5), and the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) is used to monitor the shell temperature of the energy storage battery series connection board (6); the upper limit device and the side thrust device are used to squeeze the monitoring system mounting seat (2) against the side of the battery pack base (1) to limit the horizontal lateral displacement of the monitoring system mounting seat (2);

[0009] After the displacement transmission device, the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8), the battery shell temperature monitoring module, the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) and the pressure monitoring module (11) are connected in series, two optical fibers with one input and one output are led out and connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole (12-02) of the upper cover (12); the external optical cable (1301) of the fiber optic Bragg grating demodulator (13) is connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole (12-02) to perform real-time online monitoring of the temperature, pressure difference and battery bulge deformation inside the energy storage battery (5).

[0010] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the upper limit device comprises an upper limit plate (301), an upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) and an upper limit spring (302); the side thrust device comprises a side thrust cam (401) and a side thrust cam fixing shaft (402); a plurality of the first square windows (1-01) are provided on the side of the battery pack base (1), and a plurality of the first through holes (1-02) are provided in the plurality of the first square windows (1-01) for installing a plurality of the side thrust cams (401) and a plurality of the side thrust cam fixing shafts (402); when the plurality of the side thrust cams (401) rotate to the limit, they press against the side of the monitoring system mounting seat (2);

[0011] Two first flat plates are arranged on the inner side of the battery pack base (1), and a plurality of first cylinders with holes at the bottom are arranged inside the first flat plates. The upper limit spring (302) and the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) are installed inside the first cylinder; the upper limit spring 302 is sheathed on the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1); the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) is below the upper limit plate (301); the upper limit plate (301) is lifted up under the elastic support of the upper limit spring (302), and the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) limits its movement to the left and right and deviation; the upper limit plate (301) is used to support the monitoring system mounting seat (2).

[0012] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) includes a temperature substrate (801), a temperature substrate base (802), a third spring (803), a first bolt (804) and a support column (805); the battery shell temperature monitoring module includes a temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901), a temperature substrate (801), a third spring (803) and a first bolt (804); the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) includes a temperature substrate (801) and a temperature substrate base (802);

[0013] The upper part of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) is a mounting fixing seat (2-01), the mounting fixing seat (2-01) is an open square flat box-shaped structure, and a plurality of square cavities (2-02) are provided at the bottom of the mounting fixing seat (2-01); the square cavities (2-02) are spatially connected to the mounting fixing seat (2-01), and the square cavities (2-02) are distributed in the gaps between each group of energy storage batteries (5);

[0014] The square cavity (2-02) is provided with a plurality of second square windows (2-03) near the side of the energy storage battery (5) for installing a plurality of battery shell temperature monitoring modules (9); the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is embedded in the second square window (2-03); the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is provided with a plurality of first threaded holes (901-1) for fixing the temperature substrate (801), the first bolt (804), the first bolt (804), and also for passing the third spring (803) externally;

[0015] One end of the third spring (803) contacts the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901), and the other end of the third spring (803) contacts the back of the second square window (2-03), providing elastic support for the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901); a plurality of second through holes are provided on the back of the second square window (2-03), and the first bolt (804) is arranged through the second through holes.

[0016] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the mounting fixing seat (2-01) of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) is provided with a plurality of square grooves (2-05) corresponding to the cavity positions of the lead-out wires of the battery pack of the energy storage battery (5), and the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) and the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) are respectively installed;

[0017] A plurality of third through holes (2-06) are provided in the square groove (2-05), through which the first bolt (804) passes, and the support column (805) and the temperature substrate base (802) are respectively fixed by threads; the support column (805) is a rod-shaped structure, and a plurality of first threaded holes (805-1) are respectively provided at two ends thereof, and the other end is connected to the temperature substrate base (802) by the first bolt (804);

[0018] The battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) corresponds to the position of the energy storage battery series connection board (6), and the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) is suspended; the temperature substrate base (802) is a square plate structure, and the temperature substrate base (802) is provided with a plurality of second threaded holes (802-1) for fixing the temperature substrate (801);

[0019] The temperature substrate base (802) is provided with an anisotropic groove (802-2) for laying optical fibers to reduce optical loss; the temperature substrate base (802) is also provided with a plurality of fourth through holes (802-3) for passing the first bolt (804); a third spring (803) passes between the back of the temperature substrate base 802 of the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) and the support column (805) to provide elastic supporting force for the temperature substrate base (802); the temperature substrate base (802) of the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) is fixed in the square groove (2-05).

[0020] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the pressure monitoring module (11) comprises a flexible membrane (1101), an air pressure monitoring seat (1102), a pressure spring (1103) and an air pressure conducting column (1104);

[0021] The mounting fixing seat (2-01) of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) is provided with a fifth through hole (2-06) corresponding to the position of the lead-out line cavity of the battery pack of the energy storage battery (5) for mounting the pressure monitoring module (11), wherein the pressure monitoring module (11) is a cylindrical module with a completely sealed interior;

[0022] The two ends of the pressure monitoring module (11) are flexible membranes 1101, and the air pressure transmission column (1104) is fixed at the center position of the two flexible membranes (1101); the air pressure transmission column (1104) is a cylindrical structure with a flat surface at one end and a dome structure at the other end, and passes through the fixed guide sleeve (1102-01) of the air pressure monitoring seat (1102), and the air pressure monitoring seat (1102) is centrally arranged with a spring clip fixing seat (1102-2), and the pressure spring clip (1103) is installed on the spring clip fixing seat. The pressure monitoring module (1102-2) is mounted on the seat (1102-2); the spring fixing seat (1102-2) and the fixing guide sleeve (1102-1) are rod-shaped structures and are fixed on the inner wall of the air pressure monitoring seat (1102); the axis of the air pressure transmission column (1104), the axis of the pressure spring (1103) and the axis of the spring fixing seat (1102-2) are coplanar; the upper plane of the pressure monitoring module (11) coincides with the sixth through hole (12-01) opened at the corresponding position on the upper cover (12).

[0023] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) of the battery housing temperature monitoring module (9) is a plate-shaped structure; the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is provided with a plurality of third threaded holes (901-1) for fixing the temperature substrate (801); a plurality of the third springs (803) are passed through the first bolts (804) to provide elastic support for the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901); and the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is provided with a groove to facilitate the laying of optical fibers.

[0024] According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the displacement transmission device includes a clamping plate (701), a clamping plate limiting shaft (702), a second spring (703), a second spring guide column (704), a second spring limiting nut (705), a crack sensor (706), a crack connecting rod (707), a clamping plate positioning rod (708) and a clamping plate positioning rod shaft (709);

[0025] The clamping plate (701) of the displacement transmission device is a plate-shaped concave structure, and the clamping plate (701) is provided with a plurality of seventh through holes (701-1) for passing the second spring guide column (704), and the second spring guide column (704) is a rod-shaped structure, and threads are provided at both ends thereof for engaging with the second spring limiting nut (705);

[0026] The second spring (703) is passed through the two ends of the second spring guide column (704); one end of the second limit spring (703) is limited by the clamping plate (701), and the other end is limited by the second spring limit nut (705), so as to provide elastic clamping force for the clamping plate (701); an eighth through hole (701-2) is provided at the upper end of the clamping plate (701) for passing the clamping plate limit shaft (702); the clamping plate limit shaft (702) slides in the slot-shaped shaft seat (2-07) of the mounting and fixing seat (2-01); the top of the concave side of the clamping plate (701) extends into the mounting and fixing seat (2-01) through the second square window (2-08) of the mounting and fixing seat (2-01) for fixing the crack sensor (706), and the crack sensor (706) can move with the clamping plate (701);

[0027] One end of the crack connecting rod (707) is connected to the clamp (701), and the other end is connected to the monitoring rod of the crack sensor (706); the clamp (701) is supported by the clamp positioning rod (708), and the clamp positioning shaft (709) passes through one end of the clamp positioning rod (708) and fixes it on the positioning shaft seat (2-09) outside the square cavity (2-02); a plurality of square rods are arranged at the bottom of the battery pack base (1) at the corresponding position of the clamp positioning rod (708).

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for using a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery. The method is implemented based on a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery in the above embodiment, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step S1, installing the displacement conduction device (7), the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8), the battery shell temperature monitoring module (9), the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10), and the pressure monitoring module (11) into the monitoring system mounting seat 2, using the space surrounded by the mounting fixing seat (2-01), the square cavity (2-02), and the upper cover (12) to internally connect the above functional modules in series, lead out two optical fibers, one input and one output, and connect them to the mounting hole (12-02) of the upper cover (12), to ensure that the optical loss of all modules is within a reasonable range;

[0030] Step S2, placing the monitoring system mounting seat (2) into the cavity of the battery pack base (1), the lower plane of the mounting fixing seat (2-01) of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) first contacts the upper limit plate (301), compressing the upper limit spring (302), rotating the multiple side thrust cams (401), and pressing the side of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) when the multiple side thrust cams (401) rotate to the limit, pressing the monitoring system mounting seat (2) against the other side of the battery pack base (1), and limiting its horizontal lateral displacement; the temperature sensing and heat conducting plate (901) of the battery shell temperature monitoring module (9) is pressed against the side of the energy storage battery (5) under the compression of the third spring (803), so as to accurately monitor its shell temperature;

[0031] Step S3, the upper cover (12) is inserted into the battery pack base (1), first the upper cover (12) presses the monitoring system mounting seat (2), compresses the upper limit spring (302), and the upper limit plate (301) is close to the first plate (1-03); the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) is pressed against the terminal board under the pressure of the third spring (803); the temperature sensing and heat conducting plate (901) slides relative to the side of the energy storage battery (5) under the action of the third spring (803); the square rod (1-05) of the battery pack base (1) pushes open the clamping plate positioning shaft (709), the clamping plate (701) automatically clamps the energy storage battery, and the crack sensor (706) can read the initial data;

[0032] In step S4, the external optical cable (1301) of the fiber grating demodulator (13) is connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole (12-02), and the temperature, pressure difference, and battery bulge deformation in the battery pack of the energy storage battery (5) are monitored online in real time. After being connected to the network, local and remote joint prevention and control can be realized.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries and a method for using the same, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The life of existing electrical sensors is limited, and they need to be shut down for maintenance and replacement, which reduces the efficiency of equipment use; the monitoring process requires power to be turned on, and there is a risk of electric sparks and explosions caused by reactions of flammable gases generated in the battery. However, the present invention, based on a new fiber grating sensor substrate, has developed a fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries that has super durability and stability, and can fundamentally solve the problems of sensor stability and life. In addition, the fiber grating sensor is inherently safe and does not require power drive.

[0035] (2) The fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries can accurately monitor the early battery shell deformation, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery box, the battery temperature, and the temperature of the wiring board throughout the life cycle, and can monitor the health status of the battery pack in real time online. After networking, local and remote joint prevention and control can be achieved.

[0036] (3) The fiber grating demodulator is a multi-channel setting that can connect multiple battery packs at the same time to achieve early monitoring and early warning of the battery compartment. Intersecting traditional sensors greatly reduces channel occupancy and reduces monitoring costs.

[0037] (4) The installation method is fast and efficient. By utilizing the five gaps between the energy storage batteries, all sensors are concentrated on the monitoring system installation base. The fiber layout is reasonable and the optical loss is small, so the monitoring data is continuous and stable. The battery pack line connection method is a quick connector type, and the monitoring substrates are modular, which greatly improves the replacement efficiency and interchangeability. The fiber grating monitoring system of the battery pack can be quickly replaced if it is damaged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery pack base of a fiber grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a pressure monitoring module of a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 4A bottom view of a fiber grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 5 A partial schematic diagram of a support rod of a fiber grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery, including a battery pack base 1 and a fiber Bragg grating demodulator 13. The battery pack base 1 is a boxed structure, on which an upper cover 12 is provided. A monitoring system mounting base 2, an upper limit device 3 and a side thrust device 4, an energy storage battery 5 and an energy storage battery series connection plate 6 are installed in the battery pack base 1.

[0046] A displacement conduction device 7, a battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8, a battery shell temperature monitoring module 9, a temperature compensation temperature measuring device 10 and a pressure monitoring module 11 are installed in the monitoring system mounting seat 2; the battery shell temperature monitoring module 9 is used to monitor the shell temperature of the energy storage battery 5, and the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8 is used to monitor the shell temperature of the energy storage battery series board 6; the upper limit device 3 and the side thrust device 4 are used to squeeze the monitoring system mounting seat 2 close to the side of the battery pack base 1 to limit the horizontal lateral displacement of the monitoring system mounting seat 2.

[0047] After the displacement conduction device 7, the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8, the battery shell temperature monitoring module 9, the temperature compensation temperature measuring device 10 and the pressure monitoring module 11 are connected in series, two optical fibers with one input and one output are led out and connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole 12-02 of the upper cover 12; the external optical cable 1301 of the fiber grating demodulator 13 is connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole 12-02, which is used for real-time online monitoring of the temperature, pressure difference and battery bulge deformation in the energy storage battery 5.

[0048] The upper limit device 3 includes an upper limit plate 301, an upper limit spring guide rod 301-1 and an upper limit spring 302; the side thrust device 4 includes a side thrust cam 401 and a side thrust cam fixing shaft 402; a plurality of first square windows 1-01 are provided on the side of the battery pack base 1, and a plurality of first through holes 1-02 are provided in the plurality of first square windows 1-01 for installing a plurality of side thrust cams 401 and a plurality of side thrust cam fixing shafts 402; the plurality of side thrust cams 401 press the side of the monitoring system mounting seat 2 when the plurality of side thrust cams 401 rotate to the limit.

[0049] Two first flat plates are arranged on the inner side of the battery pack base 1, and a plurality of first cylinders with holes at the bottom are provided inside the first flat plates, and an upper limit spring 302 and an upper limit spring guide rod 301-1 are installed inside the first cylinder; the upper limit spring 302 is sheathed on the upper limit spring guide rod 301-1; the upper limit spring guide rod 301-1 is below the upper limit plate 301; the upper limit plate 301 is lifted up under the elastic support of the upper limit spring 302, and the upper limit spring guide rod 301-1 limits its left and right movement and offset; the upper limit plate 301 is used to support the monitoring system mounting seat 2.

[0050] The battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8 includes a temperature substrate 801, a temperature substrate base 802, a third spring 803, a first bolt 804 and a support column 805; the battery shell temperature monitoring module 9 includes a temperature sensing and heat conducting plate 901, a temperature substrate 801, a third spring 803 and a first bolt 804; the temperature compensation temperature measuring device 10 includes a temperature substrate 801 and a temperature substrate base 802.

[0051] Among them, the upper part of the monitoring system mounting base 2 is the mounting fixing base 2-01, and the mounting fixing base 2-01 is an open square flat box-shaped structure, and a plurality of square cavities 2-02 are opened at the bottom of the mounting fixing base 2-01; the square cavities 2-02 are connected with the mounting fixing base 2-01 space, and the square cavities 2-02 are distributed in the gaps between each group of energy storage batteries 5.

[0052] The square cavity 2-02 is provided with a plurality of second square windows 2-03 near the side of the energy storage battery 5 for installing a plurality of battery casing temperature monitoring modules 9; the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901 is embedded in the second square window 2-03, and the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901 is provided with a plurality of first threaded holes 901-1 for fixing the temperature substrate 801, the first bolt 804, the first bolt 804, and also for passing the third spring 803 outside.

[0053] One end of the third spring 803 contacts the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901, and the other end of the third spring 803 contacts the back of the second square window 2-03, providing elastic support for the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901; a plurality of second through holes are provided on the back of the second square window 2-03, and the first bolt 804 is arranged through the second through holes.

[0054] The mounting base 2-01 of the monitoring system mounting base 2 is provided with a plurality of square grooves 2-05 corresponding to the cavity positions of the lead-out wires of the battery pack of the energy storage battery 5, and the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8 and the temperature compensation temperature measuring device 10 are respectively installed.

[0055] A plurality of third through holes 2-06 are provided in the square groove 2-05, through which the first bolt 804 is passed, and the support column 805 and the temperature substrate base 802 are respectively fixed by threads; the support column 805 is rod-shaped, and a plurality of first threaded holes 805-1 are respectively provided at both ends, and the other end is connected to the temperature substrate base 802 by the first bolt 804.

[0056] The battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8 corresponds to the position of the energy storage battery series board 6, and the temperature compensation temperature measuring device 10 is suspended; the temperature substrate base 802 is a square plate structure, and the temperature substrate base 802 has a plurality of second threaded holes 802-1 for fixing the temperature substrate 801.

[0057] The temperature substrate base 802 is provided with an anisotropic groove 802-2 for laying optical fiber to reduce light loss; the temperature substrate base 802 is also provided with a plurality of fourth through holes 802-3 for passing the first bolt 804; the third spring 803 passes between the back side of the temperature substrate base 802 of the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8 and the support column 805 to provide elastic supporting force for the temperature substrate base 802; the temperature substrate base 802 of the temperature compensation temperature measuring device 10 is fixed in the square groove.

[0058] The pressure monitoring module 11 includes a flexible membrane 1101, an air pressure monitoring seat 1102, a pressure spring 1103 and an air pressure conduction column 1104; the mounting fixing seat 2-01 of the monitoring system mounting seat 2 opens a fifth through hole 2-06 corresponding to the cavity position of the lead-out line of the battery pack of the energy storage battery 5 for installing the pressure monitoring module 11. The pressure monitoring module 11 is a cylindrical module with a completely sealed interior.

[0059] There are flexible membranes 1101 at both ends of the pressure monitoring module 11, and an air pressure conduction column 1104 is fixed at the center of the two flexible membranes 1101; the air pressure conduction column 1104 is a cylindrical structure with a flat surface at one end and a dome structure at the other end, passing through a fixed guide sleeve 1102-01 of the air pressure monitoring seat 1102, and a spring clip fixing seat 1102-2 is centrally arranged inside the air pressure monitoring seat 1102, and a pressure spring clip 1103 is installed on the spring clip fixing seat 1102-2; the spring clip fixing seat 1102-2 and the fixed guide sleeve 1102-1 are rod-shaped structures, fixed on the inner wall of the air pressure monitoring seat 1102; the axis of the air pressure conduction column 1104, the axis of the pressure spring clip 1103 and the axis of the spring clip fixing seat 1102-2 are coplanar; the upper plane of the pressure monitoring module 11 coincides with the sixth through hole 12-01 opened at the corresponding position on the upper cover 12.

[0060] The temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901 of the battery shell temperature monitoring module 9 is a plate-like structure, and its material has good thermal conductivity; the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901 is provided with a plurality of third threaded holes 901-1 for fixing the temperature substrate 801, and a plurality of third springs 803 are passed through the first bolt 804 to provide elastic support for the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901. The temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate 901 is provided with a groove to facilitate the laying of optical fiber.

[0061] The displacement transmission device 7 includes a clamping plate 701, a clamping plate limiting shaft 702, a second spring 703, a second spring guide column 704, a second spring limiting nut 705, a crack sensor 706, a crack connecting rod 707, a clamping plate positioning rod 708 and a clamping plate positioning rod shaft 709. The clamping plate 701 of the displacement transmission device 7 is a plate-shaped concave structure, and the clamping plate 701 is provided with a plurality of seventh through holes 701-1 for passing the second spring guide column 704. The second spring guide column 704 is a rod-shaped structure, and threads are provided at both ends thereof for engaging the second spring limiting nut 705.

[0062] The second spring 703 is passed through the two ends of the second spring guide column 704, one end of the second limiting spring 703 is limited by the clamping plate 701, and the other end is limited by the second spring limiting nut 705, providing elastic clamping force for the clamping plate 701; an eighth through hole 701-2 is opened at the upper end of the clamping plate 701 for passing the clamping plate limiting shaft 702; the clamping plate limiting shaft 702 slides in the slot-shaped shaft seat 2-07 of the mounting fixed seat 2-01; the top of the concave side of the clamping plate 701 extends into the mounting fixed seat 2-01 through the second square window 2-08 of the mounting fixed seat 2-01, which is used to fix the crack sensor 706, and the crack sensor 706 can move with the clamping plate 701.

[0063] One end of the crack connecting rod 707 is connected to the splint 701, and the other end is connected to the monitoring rod of the crack sensor 706; the splint 701 is supported by the splint positioning rod 708, and the splint positioning shaft 709 passes through one end of the splint positioning rod 708 and fixes it on the positioning shaft seat 2-09 outside the square cavity 2-02; a plurality of square rods are set at the bottom of the battery pack base 1 at the corresponding position of the splint positioning rod 708.

[0064] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for using a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery. The method is implemented based on a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery in the above embodiment, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0065] Step S1, install the displacement conduction device 7, the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8, the battery shell temperature monitoring module 9, the temperature compensation temperature measuring device 10, and the pressure monitoring module 11 into the monitoring system mounting seat 2, and use the space surrounded by the mounting fixing seat 2-01, the square cavity 2-02, and the upper cover 12 to internally connect the above functional modules, and lead out two optical fibers, one in and one out, to the mounting hole 12-02 of the upper cover 12 to ensure that the optical loss of all modules is within a reasonable range;

[0066] Step S2, put the monitoring system mounting seat 2 into the cavity of the battery pack base 1, the lower plane of the mounting fixing seat 2-01 of the monitoring system mounting seat 2 first contacts the upper limit plate 301, squeezes the upper limit spring 302, rotates the multiple side thrust cams 401, and presses the side of the monitoring system mounting seat 2 when the multiple side thrust cams 401 rotate to the limit, and squeezes the monitoring system mounting seat 2 to the other side of the battery pack base 1 to limit its horizontal lateral displacement; the temperature sensing and heat conducting plate 901 of the battery shell temperature monitoring module 9 is pressed against the side of the energy storage battery 5 under the pressure of the third spring 803, and its shell temperature can be accurately monitored;

[0067] Step S3, the upper cover 12 is inserted into the battery pack base 1. First, the upper cover 12 squeezes the monitoring system mounting seat 2, compresses the upper limit spring 302, and the upper limit plate 301 is close to the first flat plate 1-03; the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module 8 is pressed against the terminal board under the pressure of the third spring 803; the temperature sensing and heat conducting plate 901 slides relative to the side of the energy storage battery 5 under the action of the third spring 803; the square rod 1-05 of the battery pack base 1 pushes the clamping plate positioning shaft 709 open, the clamping plate 701 automatically clamps the energy storage battery, and the crack sensor 706 can read the initial data;

[0068] In step S4, the external optical cable 1301 of the fiber grating demodulator 13 is connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole 12-02 to perform real-time online monitoring of the temperature, pressure difference, and battery bulge deformation in the battery pack of the energy storage battery 5. After networking, local and remote joint prevention and control can be achieved.

[0069] In one embodiment, the base 1, the monitoring system mounting seat 2, and the upper cover 12 can be flexibly adjusted to be layered, and the monitoring mounting seat 2 can be integrated with the upper cover 12 to form a spatial structure.

[0070] In one embodiment, the displacement transmission device 7 can be arranged in a position that can be adjusted for parallel movement, and a side displacement transmission device can be arranged. The clamping plate can slide using a guide rail slider, a gear rack, a linear bearing optical axis, etc.

[0071] In one embodiment, the upper limit device 3, the side thrust device 4 and the clamping device of the upper cover 12 can be replaced with a connecting rod, a spring guide column, a mortise and tenon joint, a buckle and other structures.

[0072] In another embodiment, the sensor layout can be set according to the battery layout direction to facilitate flexible adjustment of the monitoring position, and is not limited to the example process.

[0073] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to them. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries, characterized in that: It comprises a battery pack base (1) and a fiber Bragg grating demodulator (13); the battery pack base (1) is a box-shaped structure on which an upper cover (12) is provided; a monitoring system mounting seat (2), an upper limit device and a side thrust device, an energy storage battery (5) and an energy storage battery series connection plate (6) are installed in the battery pack base (1); The monitoring system mounting seat (2) is provided with a displacement transmission device (7), a battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8), a battery shell temperature monitoring module, a temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) and a pressure monitoring module (11); the battery shell temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the shell temperature of the energy storage battery (5), and the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) is used to monitor the shell temperature of the energy storage battery series connection board (6); the upper limit device and the side thrust device are used to squeeze the monitoring system mounting seat (2) against the side of the battery pack base (1) to limit the horizontal lateral displacement of the monitoring system mounting seat (2); After the displacement transmission device, the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8), the battery shell temperature monitoring module, the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) and the pressure monitoring module (11) are connected in series, two optical fibers with one input and one output are led out and connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole (12-02) of the upper cover (12); the external optical cable (1301) of the fiber optic Bragg grating demodulator (13) is connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole (12-02) to perform real-time online monitoring of the temperature, pressure difference and battery bulge deformation inside the energy storage battery (5); The upper limit device comprises an upper limit plate (301), an upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) and an upper limit spring (302); the side thrust device comprises a side thrust cam (401) and a side thrust cam fixing shaft (402); a plurality of first square windows (1-01) are provided on the side of the battery pack base (1), and a plurality of first through holes (1-02) are provided in the plurality of first square windows (1-01) for mounting the plurality of side thrust cams (401) and the plurality of side thrust cam fixing shafts (402); the plurality of side thrust cams (401) press against the side of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) when the plurality of side thrust cams (401) rotate to the limit; Two first plates are arranged on the inner side of the battery pack base (1), and a plurality of first cylinders with holes at the bottom are arranged in the first plates. The upper limit spring (302) and the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) are installed in the first cylinder; the upper limit spring (302) is sheathed on the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1); the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) is below the upper limit plate (301); the upper limit plate (301) is lifted up under the elastic support of the upper limit spring (302), and the upper limit spring guide rod (301-1) limits its movement to the left and right and deviation; the upper limit plate (301) is used to support the monitoring system mounting seat (2); The upper part of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) is a mounting fixing seat (2-01); the mounting fixing seat (2-01) is an open square flat box-shaped structure, and a plurality of square cavities (2-02) are provided at the bottom of the mounting fixing seat (2-01); the square cavities (2-02) are spatially connected to the mounting fixing seat (2-01), and the square cavities (2-02) are distributed in the gaps between each group of energy storage batteries (5); The square cavity (2-02) is provided with a plurality of second square windows (2-03) on the side close to the energy storage battery (5), which are used to install a plurality of battery housing temperature monitoring modules (9).

2. A fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) comprises a temperature substrate (801), a temperature substrate base (802), a third spring (803), a first bolt (804) and a support column (805); the battery shell temperature monitoring module comprises a temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901), a temperature substrate (801), a third spring (803) and a first bolt (804); the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) comprises a temperature substrate (801) and a temperature substrate base (802); The temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is embedded in the second square window (2-03); the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is provided with a plurality of first threaded holes (901-1) for fixing the temperature substrate (801), the first bolt (804), the first bolt (804), and for passing the third spring (803) externally; One end of the third spring (803) contacts the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901), and the other end of the third spring (803) contacts the back of the second square window (2-03), providing elastic support for the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901); a plurality of second through holes are provided on the back of the second square window (2-03), and the first bolt (804) is arranged to pass through the second through holes.

3. A fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting fixing seat (2-01) of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) is provided with a plurality of square grooves (2-05) corresponding to the lead-out cavity positions of the battery pack of the energy storage battery (5), and the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) and the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) are respectively mounted thereon; A plurality of third through holes (2-06) are provided in the square groove (2-05), through which the first bolt (804) is passed, and the support column (805) and the temperature substrate base (802) are respectively fixed by threads; the support column (805) is a rod-shaped structure, and a plurality of first threaded holes (805-1) are respectively provided at two ends thereof, and the other end is connected to the temperature substrate base (802) via the first bolt (804); The battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) corresponds to the position of the energy storage battery series connection board (6), and the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) is suspended; the temperature substrate base (802) is a square plate-shaped structure, and the temperature substrate base (802) is provided with a plurality of second threaded holes (802-1) for fixing the temperature substrate (801); The temperature substrate base (802) is provided with an anisotropic groove (802-2) for laying optical fibers to reduce optical loss; the temperature substrate base (802) is also provided with a plurality of fourth through holes (802-3) for passing the first bolt (804); a third spring (803) passes between the back of the temperature substrate base (802) of the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) and the support column (805) to provide elastic supporting force for the temperature substrate base (802); the temperature substrate base (802) of the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10) is fixed in the square groove (2-05).

4. A fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure monitoring module (11) comprises a flexible membrane (1101), an air pressure monitoring seat (1102), a pressure spring (1103) and an air pressure conducting column (1104); The mounting base (2-01) of the monitoring system mounting base (2) is provided with a fifth through hole (2-06) corresponding to the position of the lead-out cavity of the battery pack of the energy storage battery (5) for mounting the pressure monitoring module (11), wherein the pressure monitoring module (11) is a cylindrical module with a completely sealed interior; The two ends of the pressure monitoring module (11) are flexible membranes (1101), and the air pressure transmission column (1104) is fixed at the center of the two flexible membranes (1101); the air pressure transmission column (1104) is a cylindrical structure with a flat surface at one end and a dome structure at the other end, and passes through the fixed guide sleeve (1102-01) of the air pressure monitoring seat (1102); a spring clip fixing seat (1102-2) is arranged in the center of the air pressure monitoring seat (1102), and the pressure spring clip (1103) is installed on the spring clip fixing seat. The pressure monitoring module (1102-2) is mounted on a fixed seat (1102-2); the spring fixing seat (1102-2) and the fixing guide sleeve (1102-1) are rod-shaped structures and are fixed on the inner wall of the air pressure monitoring seat (1102); the axis of the air pressure transmission column (1104), the axis of the pressure spring (1103) and the axis of the spring fixing seat (1102-2) are coplanar; the upper plane of the pressure monitoring module (11) coincides with the sixth through hole (12-01) opened at a corresponding position on the upper cover (12).

5. A fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) of the battery shell temperature monitoring module (9) is a plate-shaped structure; the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is provided with a plurality of third threaded holes (901-1) for fixing the temperature substrate (801); a plurality of third springs (803) are passed through the first bolts (804) to provide elastic support for the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901); and the temperature-sensing heat-conducting plate (901) is provided with a groove to facilitate the laying of optical fibers.

6. A fiber grating monitoring system for energy storage batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The displacement transmission device comprises a clamping plate (701), a clamping plate limiting shaft (702), a second spring (703), a second spring guide column (704), a second spring limiting nut (705), a crack sensor (706), a crack connecting rod (707), a clamping plate positioning rod (708) and a clamping plate positioning rod shaft (709); The clamping plate (701) of the displacement transmission device is a plate-shaped concave structure, and the clamping plate (701) is provided with a plurality of seventh through holes (701-1) for passing the second spring guide column (704), and the second spring guide column (704) is a rod-shaped structure, and has threads at both ends for engaging with the second spring limit nut (705); The second spring (703) is passed through the two ends of the second spring guide column (704); one end of the second spring (703) is limited by the clamping plate (701), and the other end is limited by the second spring limiting nut (705), so as to provide elastic clamping force for the clamping plate (701); an eighth through hole (701-2) is provided at the upper end of the clamping plate (701) for passing the clamping plate limiting shaft (702); the clamping plate limiting shaft (702) slides in the slot-shaped shaft seat (2-07) of the mounting and fixing seat (2-01); the top of the concave side of the clamping plate (701) extends into the mounting and fixing seat (2-01) through the second square window (2-08) of the mounting and fixing seat (2-01) for fixing the crack sensor (706); the crack sensor (706) can move with the clamping plate (701); One end of the crack connecting rod (707) is connected to the clamp plate (701), and the other end is connected to the monitoring rod of the crack sensor (706); the clamp plate (701) is supported by the clamp plate positioning rod (708), and the clamp plate positioning rod shaft (709) passes through one end of the clamp plate positioning rod (708) and fixes it on a positioning shaft seat (2-09) outside the square cavity (2-02); a plurality of square rods are arranged at the bottom of the battery pack base (1) at positions corresponding to the clamp plate positioning rod (708).

7. A method for using a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery, the method being implemented based on a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system for an energy storage battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method of use comprises the following steps: Step S1, installing the displacement conduction device, the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8), the battery shell temperature monitoring module, the temperature compensation temperature measuring device (10), and the pressure monitoring module (11) into the monitoring system mounting seat (2), using the space surrounded by the mounting fixing seat (2-01), the square cavity (2-02), and the upper cover (12) to internally connect the above modules in series, lead out two optical fibers, one input and one output, and connect them to the mounting hole (12-02) of the upper cover (12), to ensure that the optical loss of all modules is within a reasonable range; Step S2, placing the monitoring system mounting seat (2) into the cavity of the battery pack base (1), the lower plane of the mounting fixing seat (2-01) of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) first contacts the upper limit plate (301), compressing the upper limit spring (302), rotating the multiple side thrust cams (401), and pressing the side of the monitoring system mounting seat (2) when the multiple side thrust cams (401) rotate to the limit, pressing the monitoring system mounting seat (2) against the other side of the battery pack base (1), and limiting its horizontal lateral displacement; the temperature sensing and heat conducting plate (901) of the battery shell temperature monitoring module (9) is pressed against the side of the energy storage battery (5) under the pressure of the third spring (803), so as to accurately monitor the shell temperature; Step S3, the upper cover (12) is inserted into the battery pack base (1), first the upper cover (12) presses the monitoring system mounting seat (2), compresses the upper limit spring (302), and the upper limit plate (301) is closely attached to the first plate (1-03); the battery terminal board temperature monitoring module (8) is closely attached to the terminal board under the pressure of the third spring (803); the temperature sensing and heat conducting plate (901) slides relative to the side of the energy storage battery (5) under the action of the third spring (803); the square rod of the battery pack base (1) pushes open the clamp plate positioning shaft (709), the clamp plate (701) automatically clamps the energy storage battery, and the crack sensor (706) can read the initial data; In step S4, the external optical cable (1301) of the fiber grating demodulator (13) is connected to the quick interface of the mounting hole (12-02), and the temperature, pressure difference, and battery bulge deformation in the battery pack of the energy storage battery (5) are monitored online in real time. After being connected to the network, local and remote joint prevention and control can be realized.

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