A method and system for crushing and tearing solid waste

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solid waste crushing and tearing method and system, wherein the solid waste is freely dropped from above through a drop assembly, and a blower is provided on one side of the falling path to blow the falling solid waste, so that part of the solid waste falls into a buffer, and the other part of the solid waste is blown and scattered to a stepped ladder frame arranged opposite to the blower, and along the air outlet direction of the blower, the steps of each level on the ladder frame gradually become shorter; part of the metal solid waste entering the buffer is adsorbed by the magnetic part arranged in the buffer, so that this part of the metal solid waste is left in the buffer; the remaining solid waste in the buffer that is not bonded to it is output to a screening machine to separate this part of the solid waste according to the corresponding size, and the metal adhering to the buffer by magnetic attraction is taken out and stored separately. The present invention can quickly perform preliminary sorting of solid waste, which is convenient for centralized management after sorting and subsequent fine classification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solid crushing, and in particular to a solid waste crushing and tearing method and system. Background Art

[0002] Solid waste refers to solid and semi-solid waste materials generated by humans in production, consumption, life and other activities. These wastes mainly include three categories: domestic waste, including kitchen waste, paper, plastic, glass, metal and other wastes in daily life. Industrial solid waste: such as mining waste rock, smelting waste slag, various coal gangue, slag and metal cutting fragments, building bricks, tiles, stones, etc. Special solid waste: solid waste with large size and weight, which may contain recyclable materials that cannot be seen intuitively, and may also be contaminated with pollutants such as soil, and the surface is completely blurred, making it difficult to see the approximate category.

[0003] When classifying solid waste, it should be done based on its nature, source and other factors. For the classification of batch solid waste, the first thing is how to preliminarily screen out these solid wastes, such as whether it is metal or plastic, or classify them according to the density of the material, and classify the high-density and low-density materials into one category for temporary storage for subsequent fine classification; when recycling is needed, the classification objects can be quickly found and finely classified from them. In the existing technology, based on cost considerations, most classifications are strictly dependent on manual assistance, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. For the primary classification of solid waste, it is often a preliminary screening of a large number of solid wastes, which has a high work intensity. In addition, the solid waste is directly manually classified without automatic coarse screening, which poses a safety hazard.

[0004] In addition, there are indeed some crushing equipment on the market that can crush or disperse waste for screening, but these equipment do not crush or disperse solid waste well when using density and size to perform preliminary sorting of solid waste, making it difficult for solid waste piled up in a large mass to be properly blown away by wind and subsequently finely classified and screened. Moreover, for solid waste, after being concentrated together, it is difficult to distinguish the types of solid parts inside it. Traditional wind sorting or magnetic sorting and manual visual assisted identification cannot well identify the composition of solid waste inside, resulting in a large possible classification deviation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention is aimed at the defects of the prior art mentioned in the above background technology, and proposes a solid waste crushing and tearing method and system to solve the problem that when solid waste is manually classified in the prior art, the sorting efficiency is low, the classification deviation is very large, and it is easy to cause safety hazards due to insufficient crushing and dispersion.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a solid waste crushing and tearing method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: solid waste is freely dropped from above through a drop assembly, and a blower is provided on one side of the drop path to blow the falling solid waste, so that part of the solid waste falls into a buffer, and the other part of the solid waste is blown and scattered to a stepped ladder frame arranged opposite to the blower, and the steps of each level on the stepped ladder frame gradually become shorter along the air outlet direction of the blower;

[0009] Step 2: Part of the metal solid waste entering the buffer is attracted by the magnetic element provided in the buffer, so that the part of the metal solid waste remains in the buffer;

[0010] Step 3: Output the remaining solid waste in the buffer that is not attached to it to a screening machine to separate this part of the solid waste according to the corresponding size, and take out the metal that is magnetically attached to the buffer and store it separately;

[0011] Step 4: Large-sized solid waste is sent to the crusher for crushing, and then mixed with small-sized solid waste again, and sent to a washing tank for washing. The solid waste floating on the upper layer is taken out, and then the water in the washing tank is drained to drain the solid waste settled at the bottom of the washing tank.

[0012] Furthermore, in step one, the solid waste that has fallen on the highest step of the step rack freely falls from above the buffer at least once more.

[0013] Furthermore, before the solid waste falls into the buffer, the solid waste is dispersed and disassembled at least once, so as to prevent the solid waste from falling in a compact mass and being unable to be dispersed by the blower.

[0014] Furthermore, before the solid waste falls into the buffer, it is inserted into the horizontal direction by a plurality of cylindrical claw rods arranged opposite to each other, and then dispersed in the vertical direction by the claw rods in a manner of being away from each other in the vertical direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the precipitated solid waste formed in step 4 is taken out and dried, and the dried solid waste is mixed into the solid waste located on at least the lowest step, and then compressed into a cake by a compressor.

[0016] At the same time, an automatic solid waste classification system of the present invention mainly includes a dropping component for solid waste to fall vertically, the dropping component includes a vertically arranged dropping pipe, and two claw components relatively arranged in the dropping pipe, the claw components have a plurality of claw rods in a rectangular array, the two claw components are far away from each other at the initial moment, and the vertical space between the two claw components is for solid waste to fall, the claw rods of the two claw components are staggered with each other, so that when the claw rods of the two claw components are close to each other, they can be inserted into the piled up solid waste, and when the two claw components move in opposite directions to each other and separate, the accumulated solid waste can be thrown away and dispersed.

[0017] Furthermore, the two opposite side walls of the drop tube are each bulged outward to form an inner expansion cavity, all claw rods on each claw component are fixed on a slide plate, the cavity mouth side of the inner expansion cavity is covered by a vertically slidably mounted sealing plate, and the sealing plate has a plurality of through holes for the claw rods to slide axially through, the slide plate is installed in the inner expansion cavity, and can move in a rectangular plane around a certain direction in the inner expansion cavity.

[0018] Furthermore, the first sealing plate is hingedly connected to one side of a gate plate at its bottom upper part, and the other side of the gate plate is in vertical sliding contact with the surface of the second sealing plate, and when sliding out of the bottom end of the second sealing plate, it flips downward to open the outlet at the bottom end of the drop tube.

[0019] Furthermore, a cross bar perpendicular to the first sealing plate is fixed on one side of the first sealing plate that faces the inward expansion cavity, and the upper part of the cross bar is horizontally slidably connected to the bottom side of the slide plate through a connecting rod;

[0020] The parts where the gate plate and the second sealing plate slide in contact with each other are both provided with conductive layers. When the two conductive layers are in contact, an electromagnet built into the second sealing plate is energized. A sticky magnet that can be attracted by the electromagnet is embedded in the end of the gate plate that contacts the second sealing plate, thereby magnetically fixing the gate plate and the second sealing plate together to close the outlet of the blanking tube.

[0021] Furthermore, a buffer is installed just below the outlet of the drop tube, and a magnetic suction cylinder with magnetic properties is embedded in the inner wall of the buffer, and an ellipsoidal magnetic suction ball is installed in the center of the magnetic suction cylinder without contacting the magnetic suction cylinder;

[0022] The bottom plate of the buffer is a movable plate hingedly mounted on the inner wall of the buffer. When the movable plate is rotated from a horizontal plane to a vertical plane, the solid waste that is not adsorbed and fixed in the buffer can fall down.

[0023] Compared with the current technology in this field, the present invention has the following series of beneficial effects: the present invention is mainly used for the preliminary classification before the fine classification of solid waste, based on the form of crushing, tearing and dispersion, so that the waste can be scattered for subsequent screening and processing, that is, it is not specific to the rough classification of individual types. Specifically, in order to pass the air selection, some solid wastes should be roughly planed or torn, or disassembled and crushed, so as to separate some heavier metals, stones and other solids, which fall into the buffer, while some plastic films, paper scraps, etc. are separated step by step and arranged on the ladder rack for further fine classification. At the same time, large-sized and heavy solid wastes are crushed and cleaned, so as to clean and identify a part of solid wastes such as those contained in some solids, so as to improve the accuracy of the preliminary classification, minimize the errors caused by the different types of solids being contained in a certain solid and unable to be identified on the spot, and at the same time, it is more convenient to concentrate on the classification of a part of solid wastes of similar size. As a preliminary classification of solid waste, it can greatly reduce the intensity of manual work, improve the classification efficiency, and be safe and reliable.

[0024] In addition, other effects of the present invention will be further described in detail in subsequent specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly explain the core technical solution of the present invention, at least one embodiment based on the core concept of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, supplemented by the structural principle diagram required in the relevant prior art when necessary. Of course, the following drawings are only some feasible embodiments of the concept of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, without paying a lot of extra creative work, they can also expand some adaptive technical designs that may be represented by these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the inside of the drop tube;

[0028] Figure 3-4 It is a schematic diagram of the motion trajectory of the claw component;

[0029] Figure 5 This is the position structure diagram when the gate is about to open;

[0030] Figure 6 This is the position structure diagram after the gate is opened;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a driving structure of a claw component.

[0032] Explanation of the reference numerals: buffer 1, claw rod 2, blower 3, ladder rack 4, magnetic ball 5, magnetic cylinder 6, movable plate 7, screening machine 8, crusher 9, flushing tank 10, drop pipe 11, inner expansion cavity 12, slide plate 13, first sealing plate 14, second sealing plate 15, gate 16, cross bar 17, connecting rod 18, conductive layer 19, hydraulic rod 20, sticky magnet 21, electromagnet 22, permanent magnet 23. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose and function of the creative features and technical means realized by the present invention more clearly known, the relevant technical solutions of the present invention are discussed in detail here. Those skilled in the art should understand that the solutions described in all the following embodiments are only some feasible or recommended implementation structures or methods of the present invention, and are not all the embodiments embodied in the present invention.

[0034] Those skilled in the art refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a method for crushing and tearing solid waste. During actual classification, the solid waste is first allowed to fall freely from above through a drop assembly, specifically, it can fall from a larger pipe. A blower 3 is provided on one side of the falling path, for example, a blower 3 is provided on the left side, so as to blow the falling solid waste, so that a heavier part of the solid waste falls into a buffer 1, and another part of the solid waste, i.e., lighter plastic bags, paper scraps, foam, etc., is blown and scattered to a stepped ladder rack 4 arranged opposite to the blower 3, and along the air outlet direction of the blower 3, the steps of each level on the ladder rack 4 gradually become shorter, so that solid wastes with different densities or cavities of different sizes are dispersed on different steps, thereby realizing an automatic sorting of solid waste in terms of its own weight.

[0035] Then, some of the metal solid waste that enters the buffer 1 will be adsorbed by the magnetic parts set in the buffer 1, so that this part of the metal solid waste will remain in the buffer 1, realizing the metal sorting, which is also one of the most important and valuable sorting objects in the solid waste sorting. It is also necessary to output the remaining solid waste that is not bonded to it in the buffer 1 to a screening machine 8 to separate this part of the solid waste according to the corresponding size, and the metal that is magnetically adhering to the buffer 1 is taken out and stored separately. Some larger solid wastes that are screened out separately need to be further crushed and reduced in size because they are inconvenient to store. At the same time, it is also for the purpose of discovering the material contained in the crushing. Therefore, the large-sized solid waste is sent to the crusher 9 for crushing, and then mixed with the small-sized solid waste again, and sent to a washing tank 10 for washing, washing away impurities such as floating mud, taking out the solid waste floating on the upper layer, and storing it in a centralized manner. Then drain all the water in the flushing tank 10 and drain the solid waste settled at the bottom of the flushing tank 10. At this time, the valuable solid waste in this part of the solid waste can be selected. Because there is no mud or sand covering it, it is easy to directly identify it with the naked eye for classification and collection. At this time, the size is small and easy to store and manage.

[0036] As a specific embodiment, in step one, the solid waste that falls on the highest step of the ladder rack 4 needs to fall freely from the top of the buffer 1 at least once to avoid the situation where too many plastic bags and plastic films are mixed in some heavier solid waste.

[0037] Since the first step in this method is the air separation process, the solid waste cannot be too concentrated, that is, it cannot be tightly mixed together, otherwise it will be difficult to be fully blown and separated. Therefore, before the solid waste falls into the buffer 1, the solid waste is dispersed and disassembled at least once to prevent the solid waste from falling in a tight mass and being unable to be blown away by the blower 3. This separation can be manual or mechanical. In practice, before the solid waste falls into the buffer 1, it is inserted from the horizontal direction by a number of relatively arranged cylindrical claw rods, and then dispersed from the vertical direction by the claw rods 2 in a manner that they are vertically away from each other, thereby achieving fluffy dispersion.

[0038] In addition, during classification, the precipitated solid waste formed in step four can be taken out and dried, and this part of the dried solid waste can be mixed into the solid waste located on at least the lowest step, and then compressed into a cake by a compressor for centralized storage, transportation and transfer.

[0039] In order to realize the above classification principle, this embodiment also introduces a specific solid waste automatic classification system. Figure 1-2As shown, its structure mainly includes a drop assembly for vertically dropping solid waste. The drop assembly includes a vertically arranged drop tube 11, and two claw components relatively arranged in the drop tube 11. The claw components have a plurality of claw rods 2 in a rectangular array. The two claw components are far away from each other at the initial moment. The vertical space between the two claw components is for solid waste to fall. The claw rods 2 of the two claw components are staggered with each other, so that when the claw rods 2 of the two claw components are close to each other, they can be inserted into the solid waste piled together, and when the two claw components move in opposite directions in the vertical direction and separate, the accumulated solid waste is thrown away and dispersed. When making it, it is best to make the end of the claw rod 2 into a structure with a pointed tip, so that it is easy to penetrate into the solid waste for subsequent separation and peeling. In addition, the two opposite side walls of the drop tube 11 are each bulged outward to form an inner expansion cavity 12, and all the claw rods 2 on each claw component are fixed on a slide plate 13. The cavity mouth side of the inner expansion cavity 12 is covered by a sealing plate installed vertically and slidingly, and as shown Figure 3-4 The sealing plate has a plurality of through holes for the claw rod 2 to slide axially through, and the slide plate 13 is installed in the inner expansion cavity 12 and can move in a rectangular plane around a certain direction in the inner expansion cavity 12. Specifically, it can be as follows Figure 7 As shown, it is driven by two hydraulic rods 20 perpendicular to each other. The first sealing plate 14 is hinged with a gate plate 16 on one side at its bottom upper part, and the other side of the gate plate 16 is in vertical sliding contact with the surface of the second sealing plate 15, and when sliding out of the bottom end of the second sealing plate 15, it turns downward to open the outlet at the bottom end of the drop tube 11. Figure 2 and Figure 5-6 A cross bar 17 perpendicular to the first sealing plate 14 is fixed on one side of the inward expansion cavity 12. The upper part of the cross bar 17 is horizontally slidably connected to the bottom side of the slide plate 13 through a connecting rod 18. For example, the bottom end of the connecting rod 18 is slidably matched with the surface of the cross bar 17 through a T-shaped slider and a T-shaped groove.

[0040] As an optimal structural design, Figure 5As shown, the gate plate 16 is an elastic telescopic structure, which has an elastic force exerted by a spring with a relatively large stiffness coefficient, that is, the gate plate 16 can shrink slightly when it is squeezed into contact with the second sealing plate 15, so that the gate plate 16 and the second sealing plate 15 maintain reliable contact, and after the gate plate 16 slides out of the bottom end of the second sealing plate 15, it can rotate clockwise and squeeze back into the second sealing plate 15 under the magnetic attraction mentioned later, thereby contacting it. More specifically, the parts where the gate 16 and the second sealing plate 15 slide and contact with each other are both provided with a conductive layer 19. When the two conductive layers 19 are in contact, an electromagnet 21 built into the second sealing plate 15 is energized, and a sticky magnet 22 that can be attracted by the electromagnet 21 is embedded in the end of the gate 16 that contacts and cooperates with the second sealing plate 15. The so-called sticky magnet 22 is easily attracted by magnetic elements, and the gate 16 is made of non-sticky magnetic material as a whole. Only the sticky magnet 22 can be magnetically attracted, so that the gate 16 and the second sealing plate 15 are magnetically fixed together to close the outlet of the blanking tube 11. When the gate 16 is flipped to the vertical position, once the one on the right When the slide plate 13 moves up and resets, and the slide plate 13 on the left moves down and resets, the gate plate 16 moves up and the second sealing plate 15 moves down, so that the gate plate in the vertical state quickly approaches the permanent magnet 23 embedded in the second sealing plate 15, and then the gate plate 15 automatically flips up, thereby restoring the horizontal position in contact with the second sealing plate 15. At the same time, the two conductive layers 19 are in contact, and the electromagnet 21 is energized. The magnetic attraction generated by the strong electromagnetic induction connects the gate plate and the second sealing plate more tightly. If the slide plate 13 is not forced to move under the external driving force, the gate plate 15 can remain motionless, thereby supporting the solid waste that falls into the drop tube 11, which is very clever.

[0041] Finally, a buffer 1 is installed just below the outlet of the drop tube 11, such as Figure 1 The inner wall of the buffer 1 is embedded with a magnetic suction cylinder 6, so that when solid waste falls, some metals can be dispersed and fixed on the inner wall of the magnetic suction cylinder. At the same time, an ellipsoidal magnetic suction ball 5 is installed in the center of the magnetic suction cylinder 6 without contact with it, which can also attract some metals falling from the center to achieve the purpose of separating metals. In addition, the bottom plate of the buffer 1 is a movable plate 7 hingedly mounted on the inner wall of the buffer 1. When the movable plate 7 rotates from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane, the solid waste in the buffer 1 that is not adsorbed and fixed can fall, thereby discharging non-metallic solid waste for subsequent fine classification.

[0042] Finally, it should be specially pointed out that, in all the contents recorded in the present invention, terms such as "include", "comprise", and other general statements are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion technologies, so that the processes, articles and methods of the corresponding elements, or related equipment, mean not only including these technical elements, but also the inherent characteristics of a certain process, article, equipment and method.

[0043] As a person skilled in the art should be clearly aware, any technician familiar with the technical field can make adaptive improvement designs or equivalent substitutions based on the above embodiments on the basis of fully understanding the technical principles of the present invention. Therefore, these technical solutions that do not deviate from the core technical concept of the present invention should essentially be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste crushing and tearing system, characterized by: The invention comprises a material dropping component for vertically dropping solid waste, the material dropping component comprises a material dropping pipe (11) arranged vertically, and two claw components arranged relatively in the material dropping pipe (11), the claw components are provided with a plurality of claw rods (2) in a rectangular array, the two claw components are initially far away from each other, the vertical space between the two claw components is used for solid waste to drop, the claw rods (2) of the two claw components are arranged in an interlaced manner, so that when the claw rods (2) of the two claw components are close to each other, they can be inserted into the solid waste piled up together, and when the two claw components move in opposite directions vertically to separate, the accumulated solid waste is thrown away and dispersed; The two opposite side walls of the drop tube (11) are respectively bulged outward to form an inner expansion cavity (12); all claw rods (2) on each claw component are fixed on a slide plate (13); the cavity opening side of the inner expansion cavity (12) is covered by a vertically slidably mounted sealing plate, and the sealing plate has a plurality of through holes for the claw rods (2) to slide axially through; the slide plate (13) is installed in the inner expansion cavity (12) and can move in a rectangular plane around a certain direction in the inner expansion cavity (12); The first sealing plate (14) is hinged to one side of a gate plate (16) at the upper part of its bottom end, and the other side of the gate plate (16) is in vertical sliding contact with the surface of the second sealing plate (15), and when sliding out of the bottom end of the second sealing plate (15), it turns downward to open the outlet at the bottom end of the drop pipe (11); A cross bar (17) perpendicular to the first sealing plate (14) is fixed on one side of the inward expansion cavity (12); the upper portion of the cross bar (17) is horizontally slidably connected to the bottom side of the slide plate (13) via a connecting rod (18); The gate plate (16) is an elastic retractable plate. The portions where the gate plate (16) and the second sealing plate (15) are in sliding contact with each other are both provided with a conductive layer (19). When the two conductive layers (19) are in contact, an electromagnet (21) built into the second sealing plate (15) is energized. A sticky magnet (22) that can be attracted by the electromagnet (21) is embedded in one end of the gate plate (16) that is in contact with the second sealing plate (15), thereby magnetically fixing the gate plate (16) and the second sealing plate (15) together to close the outlet of the blanking tube (11).

2. The solid waste crushing and tearing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer (1) is installed just below the outlet of the drop tube (11), and a magnetic suction cylinder (6) having magnetic properties is embedded in the inner wall of the buffer (1), and an ellipsoidal magnetic suction ball (5) is installed in the center of the magnetic suction cylinder (6) without contacting the magnetic suction cylinder (6); The bottom plate of the buffer (1) is a movable plate (7) hingedly mounted on the inner wall of the buffer (1); when the movable plate (7) rotates from a horizontal plane to a vertical plane, the solid waste that is not adsorbed and fixed in the buffer (1) can fall down.

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