The invention discloses a fully mechanized caving top coal caving three-dimensional simulation experiment platform and an experiment method. The platform and the method are used for researching the influences of elements in coal mine fully mechanized caving working face, such as mining-caving ratio, caving manner, caving technology, bracket tail beam inclination angle, coal caving port size, and broken top coal particle sizes, upon fully mechanized caving working face top coal recovery rate, and for verifying the influence of the spatial arrangement of an onsite top coal tracker upon onsite actual measurement precision of top coal recovery rate. According to the experiment platform provided by the invention, a mobile immediate roof is arranged, such that the influence of roof caving during an experiment process upon the recovery rate can be avoided. Coal pillars are preserved on the boundary, and only central-area recovery rate is counted, such that the influence of experiment method boundary conditions upon recovery rate statistics can be basically eliminated. Experimental-area residual coal amount can be obtained by using sheet metal inserts, such that top coal recovery rates under different conditions can be obtained. Therefore, guidance can be made for actual engineering, and an optimal fully mechanized caving scheme can be selected.