1838results about "Lump/pulverulent fuel preparation" patented technology

A method for torrefaction of wood which includes providing a first endless conveyor belt; heating the first endless belt; and positioning a planar wood product on the first belt to heat the wood product by conduction to achieve torrefaction. Other forms provide a second endless belt that disposed in sandwich relation to wood to be torrefied. Some embodiments of the method provide a metal chamber having opposed planar sides dimensioned and configured for receiving a wood sheet with the respective opposed sides of the wood sheet in intimate thermal contact with respective opposed sides of the metal chamber. Other embodiments include the apparatus for torrefaction of an associated wood sheet.

Methods for reducing and eliminating carbon dioxide from the emissions of solid fuel fired power plants, particularly coal fired power plants, and to sequester the carbon dioxide, typically by using existing equipment. In some embodiments, the methods involve pyrolyzing the solid fuel to remove volatile matter and using the volatile matter to produce hydrogen. Additionally, the methods may involve burning the solid fuel or pyrolized solid fuel at very fuel rich stoichiometric conditions. Sequestration may include the production of a carbon dioxide-containing solution and the pumping of the solution into the ground, particularly in areas high in limestone.

Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and / or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.

Processes and compositions are provided for decreasing emissions of mercury upon combustion of fuels such as coal. Various sorbent compositions are provided that contain components that reduce the level of mercury and / or sulfur emitted into the atmosphere upon burning of coal. In various embodiments, the sorbent compositions are added directly to the fuel before combustion; are added partially to the fuel before combustion and partially into the flue gas post combustion zone; or are added completely into the flue gas post combustion zone. In preferred embodiments, the sorbent compositions comprise a source of halogen and preferably a source of calcium. Among the halogens, iodine and bromine are preferred. In various embodiments, inorganic bromides make up a part of the sorbent compositions.

Methods involve adding sorbent components, such as calcium oxide, alumina, and silica, as well as optional halogens as part of environmental control. Use of the sorbents leads to significant reductions in sulfur and mercury emissions that otherwise would result from burning coal. Use of the sorbents leads to production of waste coal ash that, while higher in mercury, is nevertheless usable as a commercial product because the mercury in the ash is non-leaching and because the coal ash has a higher cementitious nature by virtue of the increased content of the sorbent components in the ash. Thus, the methods involve adding powders having qualities that lead to the production of a cementitious coal ash while at the same time reducing emissions from a coal burning facility.

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feed stocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles and contain a sorbent. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. In addition, one or more sorbents can be added to the feed stocks in order to reduce the amount of a variety of pollutants present in traditional fuel and feed stocks, including, but not limited, sulfur and chlorine. Further, these feed stocks with added sorbent can mitigate corrosion, improve fuel conversion, extend power generating plant lifetime, reduce ash slagging, and reduced operating temperature.

The present invention harvests and utilizes fluidized bed drying technology and waste heat streams augmented by other available heat sources to dry feedstock or fuel. This method is useful in many industries, including coal-fired power plants. Coal is dried using the present invention before it goes to coal pulverizers and on to the furnace / boiler arrangement to improve boiler efficiency and reduce emissions. This is all completed in a low-temperature, open-air system. Also included is an apparatus for segregating particulate by density and / or size including a fluidizing bed having a particulate receiving inlet for receiving particulate to be fluidized. This is useful for segregating contaminants like sulfur and mercury from the product stream.

Apparatus for biomass torrefaction which includes a serpentine elongated housing, the housing having three generally U-shaped axial portions having first and second axial extremities and an intermediate section, the first and second axial extremities are disposed in normal use at a higher elevation than the first and second axial extremities, the intermediate section being configured for holding a liquid. Other forms of the invention include the method for biomass torrefaction which includes providing a quantity of biomass, providing a liquid heat transfer fluid, providing at least a first housing for holding the heat transfer liquid, elevating the temperature of the liquid heat transfer liquid, heat treating the biomass by passing it through the heat transfer liquid in the first housing at a temperature and duration sufficient to accomplish torrefaction of the wood. In some forms of the method, the process further includes the step of pelletizing the biomass prior to performing the treating step.

PCT No. PCT / JP97 / 00668 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 25, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 25, 1998 PCT Filed Mar. 5, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 36009 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 2, 1997The use of pulverized coal as the fuel to be injected into metallurgical or combustion furnace becomes possible enabled by improving the transportability thereof. Further, a pulverized coal is provided, which is inhibiting from bridging or channeling in a hopper, or piping choking. A water-soluble inorganic salt having a polar group is made to adhere to pulverized coal which is prepared from raw coal having an average HGI of 30 or above and which is in a dry state at the injection port of a metallurgical or combustion furnace, The inorganic salt is selected from among BaCl2, CaCl2, Ca(NO2)2, Ca(NO3)2, Ca(ClO)2, K2CO3, KCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, NH4BF4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, NaClO3, NaNO2, NaNO3, NaOH, Na2S2O3, Na2S2O5, HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, and HCl.

In embodiments of the present invention, a method of heat treating a solid fuel briquette may include heating the solid fuel briquette using energy from at least one of a heat furnace or an electromagnetic energy system of a solid fuel treatment facility as the solid fuel briquette is moved through the treatment facility to a specified internal temperature, and sealing the heat-treated solid fuel briquette in a vessel for a duration of time.

The present invention harvests and utilizes fluidized bed drying technology and waste heat streams augmented by other available heat sources to dry feedstock or fuel. This method is useful in many industries, including coal-fired power plants. Coal is dried using the present invention before it goes to coal pulverizers and on to the furnace / boiler arrangement. Coal can be intercepted on current coal feed systems ahead of the pulverizers. Drying fuel, such as coal, is done to improve boiler efficiency and reduce emissions. A two-stage bed utilized in the process first “pre-dries and separates” the feed stream into desirable and undesirable feedstock. Then, it incrementally dries and segregates fluidizable and non-fluidizable material from the product stream. This is all completed in a low-temperature, open-air system. Elevation of fan room air temperature is also accomplished using waste heat, thereby making available to the plant system higher temperature media to enhance the feedstock drying process.

Apparatus for biomass torrefaction which includes a serpentine elongated housing, the housing having three generally U-shaped axial portions having first and second axial extremities and an intermediate section, the first and second axial extremities are disposed in normal use at a higher elevation than the first and second axial extremities, the intermediate section being configured for holding a liquid. Other forms of the invention include the method for biomass torrefaction which includes providing a quantity of biomass, providing a liquid heat transfer fluid, providing at least a first housing for holding the heat transfer liquid, elevating the temperature of the liquid heat transfer liquid, heat treating the biomass by passing it through the heat transfer liquid in the first housing at a temperature and duration sufficient to accomplish torrefaction of the wood. In some forms of the method, the process further includes the step of pelletizing the biomass prior to performing the treating step.

The invention relates to a low-temperature furnace smoke sucking exhaust gas and hot air drying composite powder feeding bituminous coal and meagre coal universal type powder preparing system. A middle bin storage type steel ball coal mill hot air power feeding and meagre coal power preparation system is adopted as a prototype, and part of low-temperature furnace smoke is sucked from an outlet of a suction fan by a furnace smoke fan as an inert medium and part of drying mediums to be mixed with hot air taken from an outlet of an air preheater to enter a coal mill for drying and delivering coal powder; the oxygen content of the powder preparation system is reduced, and the explosion preventing requirement on grinding bituminous coal can be met. In addition, part of exhaust gas at an outlet of a power exhauster is led to an inlet of a heat primary fan by an exhaust gas transfer pipeline to be mixed with hot air to enter a primary bellows for delivering the coal powder; the temperature of a primary air and powder mixture and the oxygen concentration of the system are effectively reduced, and the combustion and explosion preventing requirement of bituminous coal delivery is met. Isolating doors are both installed on a furnace smoke system and an exhaust gas transfer system; by the switch control of the isolating doors, the switching of a typical hot air power feeding meagre coal system and a low-temperature furnace smoke exhaust gas and hot air drying composite powder feeding bituminous coal system is realized, and the invention is not only suitable for the meagre coal, but also suitable for the bituminous coal.

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for a system and method for briquetting solid fuel before or after treatment with electromagnetic energy. In the system and method, solid fuel is transported through a continuous feed solid fuel treatment facility, treated using electromagnetic energy, and briquetted after treatment.

Methods by which new or used boilers or furnaces ranging from small industrial to the largest utility units that are designed for coal or oil or natural gas or shredded waste or shredded biomass firing can substantially improve their technical operation and sharply reduce their capital and operating costs by implementing component modifications and process steps that (a) minimize the adverse impacts of coal ash and slag on boiler surfaces and particulate emissions thereby also facilitating the use of oil or gas designed boilers for coal firing, (b) drastically reduce the loss of water used to transport coal in slurry form to power plants, (c) essentially eliminate the combined total nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), mercury (Hg), trace metals, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, (d) separate and permanently sequester carbon dioxide released during combustion and (e) improve the coal and solid fuel combustion efficiency.

The invention relates to a method and burner for injecting pulverized coal into a rotary kiln that uses pulverized coal as fuel in order to produce quick lime of excellent hydration level. The invention calcines lime stone charged into the rotary kiln, and uses pulverized coal as fuel of a heat source applied to the lime stone charged in the rotary kiln. The invention also provides a method and apparatus for producing quick lime by using the pulverized coal. The invention can use pulverized fossil fuel (hereinafter will be referred to as pulverized coal), which is created during coke manufacturing and cooling processes and collected by a dust collector, in order to produce quick lime of excellent hydration level while decreasing SOx (sulfide) and NOx (nitride) generation.

A process for mitigation of fouling deposits within a combustion zone, capturing of toxic metal emissions, and reduction of visible sulfur emissions attributable to sulfuric acid mist during coal combustion. SO3 formed during coal combustion is reduced by the addition to the coal of raw, unprocessed magnesium-containing minerals such as magnesite ore or brucite ore. The minerals are pulverized to a fine particle size and combined with pulverized coal to provide a mixture of the particles. The mixture is combusted and the ore particles calcine and decrepitate to very fine magnesium oxide particles that have a significant particle surface area. The magnesium oxide particles react with the SO3 produced during combustion of the coal and also capture toxic metals to reduce the quantity of undesirable stack discharge components.

The invention relates to a method for preparing high-concentration coal-water slurry by using low-rank coal. The steps include: 1) ultrafine crushing of low-rank coal; 2; 3) wet coarse grinding of the mixture; 4) ① mix 10% to 30% of the total amount of coal slurry after coarse grinding with water in a mass ratio of 5:1 to 2, and then carry out Wet fine grinding; ②The coal slurry after wet coarse grinding other than wet fine grinding is directly sent to the filter device; 5) The coal slurry after step 4) ① fine grinding is processed in the following way: ①Return all the coal slurry to step 3 ) for circulating coarse grinding; or ② return part of the coal slurry to step 3) for circulating coarse grinding, and send another part of finely ground coal slurry directly into the filter device; or ③ directly send all the coal slurry into the filter device; 6) The coal slurry sent to the filter device is filtered through a 18-20 mesh filter, and then stirred at a high speed in the stirring device, left standing, or stirred at a low speed to obtain a high-concentration coal-water slurry product.

A system for providing highly pressurized raw fuel to a pressure reactor. The system includes an inlet for receiving the raw fuel and a roller system communicating with the inlet. The roller system includes a plurality of independent rollers arranged in two converging planes. The rollers of the roller system successively compress the raw fuel as the raw fuel passes through the roller system between the rollers, such that the fuel is highly pressurized when it reaches an output end of the roller system. An outlet is located adjacent the output end of the roller system to dispense the pressurized raw fuel to the pressure reactor.

The invention relates to a thermal power generation system based on a high-moisture lignite pre-drying upgrading and recovering technology. The thermal power generation system comprises a boiler, a turbine, a condenser, a condensation pump, a low pressure heater, a deaerator, a water feed pump, a high pressure heater, a wet coal bin, a wet coal feeder and a coal mill and is characterized in that a lignite pre-drying device, a drain pump, a dry coal feeder, a dust remover and a heat energy and waste water recovering device are additionally arranged in the power generation system. The invention improves the energy density of fire coal and accordingly increases the efficiency of the boiler, and is capable of reducing the investment of the boiler and a milling system by a larger extent, simultaneously reducing the plant power utilization ratio, further improving the energy source comprehensive utilization efficiency of a thermal power generation plant, recovering a great deal water by using coal to produce water and saving precious water resources. The invention achieves the effects of high efficiency, energy saving, water saving and emission reduction and accords with the industrial policy of developing the low-carbon economy in China.

A method for manufacturing a solid fuel includes the steps of partially or completely separating finely powdered coal from pulverized low-rank coal; mixing the separated low-rank coal with a mixed oil containing a heavy oil and a solvent oil to produce an untreated slurry; heating the untreated slurry to dehydrate the low-rank coal and filling the pores of the low-rank coal with the mixed oil; and separating the solid fuel from the heated slurry by solid-liquid separation. The manufacturing method further includes the step of adding the finely powdered coal separated from the low-rank coal to the solid fuel produced by the solid-liquid separation of the heated slurry. The finely powdered coal separated from the low-rank coal has an average particle size of 0.5 mm or less. An apparatus for the manufacturing method is also disclosed.

An organically complexed nanocatalyst composition is applied to or mixed with coal prior to or upon introducing the coal into a coal burner in order to catalyze the removal of coal nitrogen from the coal and its conversion into nitrogen gas prior to combustion of the coal. This leads to reduced NOx production during coal combustion. The nanocatalyst compositions include a nanoparticle catalyst that is made using a dispersing agent. The dispersing agent includes at least one functional group such as a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, a carbonyl, an amine, an amide, a nitrile, a nitrogen having a free lone pair of electrons, an amino acid, a thiol, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonyl halide, and an. acyl halide. The dispersing agent forms stable, dispersed, nano-sized catalyst particles. The catalyst composition can be formed as a stable suspension to facilitate storage, transportation and application of the catalyst nanoparticles to a coal material. The catalyst composition can be applied before or after pulverizing the coal material or it may be injected directly into the coal burner together with pulverized coal.

A process is provided using non-food or limited-feed agricultural residue and energy crops for energy production, such as ethanol or electricity generation. The agricultural plant material is harvested and baled. The bales are transported to the processing site for storage or immediate processing. The bale strings are first removed, and then the broken bales are shredded. The shredded plant material is then ground to a small size. The ground material is then pelletized to produce densified pellets of the agricultural plant material. The pellets are cooled and then stored or transported to an end user.

The subject invention relates generally to methods and apparatuses for calcining gypsum. The apparatuses and methods place a gypsum particle optimizer in close association with the impact mill so that all the gypsum supplied to the impact mill has to enter the gypsum particle optimizer prior to the gypsum entering the impact mill, and so that heat generated from the impact mill enters into the gypsum particle optimizer from the impact mill. The gypsum particle optimizer utilizes a rotor to disperse the gypsum throughout the gypsum particle optimizer so that the gypsum is exposed to the heat from the impact mill prior to entering the impact mill. The exposure to the heat removes free water from the gypsum prior to the gypsum entering the impact mill.

The present invention constitutes a heat treatment apparatus like a fluidized-bed dryer for heat treating a particulate material in a low temperature, open-air process. Preferably, available waste heat sources within the surrounding industrial plan operation are used to provide heat to the dryer. Moreover, conveyor means contained within the dryer can remove larger, denser particles that could otherwise impede the continuous flow of the particulate material through the dryer or plug the fluidizing dryer. This invention is especially useful for drying coal for an electricity generation plant.

A method of decreasing pollutants produced in a combustion process. The method comprises combusting coal in a combustion chamber to produce at least one pollutant selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing pollutant, sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, chlorine, hydroiodic acid, iodine, hydrofluoric acid, fluorine, hydrobromic acid, bromine, phosphoric acid, phosphorous pentaoxide, elemental mercury, and mercuric chloride. Oil shale particles are introduced into the combustion chamber and are combusted to produce sorbent particulates and a reductant. The at least one pollutant is contacted with at least one of the sorbent particulates and the reductant to decrease an amount of the at least one pollutant in the combustion chamber. The reductant may chemically reduce the at least one pollutant to a benign species. The sorbent particulates may adsorb or absorb the at least one pollutant. A combustion chamber that produces decreased pollutants in a combustion process is also disclosed.

The invention discloses a cold start oil auxiliary heating system of a boiler and a heat source-less independent starting method of a generating set. The method includes the following steps that: mounting a set of small oil gun igniting system at an inlet air passage of a coal mill for preheating the cold air entering the coal mill and enabling the coal mill to satisfy the working conditions; communicating coal economizer ash conveying gas source of the boiler with a soot blowing steam pipeline of an air preheater through a shutoff valve for supplying soot blowing medium of the air preheater; starting a shaft seal steam valve on a main steam pipeline after the boiler is ignited for supplying steam for shaft seal of a turbine; and supplying steam to an auxiliary steam header of the generating set after the boiler is ignited and the combustion steam reaches a certain parameter, and then supplying steam by the auxiliary steam header for the rolling of a water thermal power deoxidizing and steam-driven feedwater pump. The invention has the advantages that as the cold start of the generating set can be realized through the ignition of the plasma installed in the combustor and the stable combustion technology under the conditions that no starting boiler room is independently established or the external heat source is insufficient, and the operating cost and the labor cost of the power plant are greatly reduced.

The present invention provides combustion products of hydrocarbon fuels and controlled amounts of metal oxide strength enhancing materials. The combustion products are useful as additives to cementitious materials. A hydrocarbon fuel such as coal is introduced into a combustion chamber and selected amounts of materials comprising CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 are also introduced into and / or downstream from the chamber. The hydrocarbon fuel undergoes combustion while the metal oxide strength enhancing materials react with each other and / or the ash or other reaction products of the hydrocarbon fuel. The combustion products have been found to significantly increase compressive strengths of cements such as Portland cement. A reduction in SO2 emission levels also results from the introduction of the metal oxide strength enhancing materials into the combustion process.

This disclosure includes a system and method of controlling fuel combustion including providing a system, measuring a property, and providing oxygen and fuel in response to the property. The system includes a furnace arranged and disposed to receive fuel and oxygen and combust the fuel and the oxygen to form a combustion fluid, a plurality of heat exchanger sections arranged and disposed to receive heat from the combustion fluid, and a plurality of oxygen injectors arranged and disposed to controllably provide oxygen to the combustion fluid to adjust composition of the combustion fluid and temperature of the combustion fluid. The property measured is selected from the group consisting of temperature of the combustion fluid, composition of the combustion fluid, temperature of the heat exchanger sections, and combinations thereof and is performed in close proximity to the oxygen injectors.