247results about How to "Reduce air pollution" patented technology

A recuperated gas turbine engine system and associated method employing catalytic combustion, wherein the combustor inlet temperature can be controlled to remain above the minimum required catalyst operating temperature at a wide range of operating conditions from full-load to part-load and from hot-day to cold-day conditions. The fuel is passed through the compressor along with the air and a portion of the exhaust gases from the turbine. The recirculated exhaust gas flow rate is controlled to control combustor inlet temperature.

In an exhaust gas pipe, a first fluid flows in a flow direction in the pipe, and a second fluid is injected inside the pipe by a nozzle, from an injection inlet arranged in the pipe wall, according to an injection direction. A mixing device fastened inside the pipe upstream from the injection inlet creates turbulence that helps the mixing of the fluids. The mixing device has a first portion located on the injection inlet side of the pipe and a second portion located opposite the injection inlet side of the pipe, the portions being designed so that the fluid velocity is higher downstream from the mixing device second portion than downstream from the mixing device first portion. An aqueous solution of urea can be injected inside an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine.

A recuperated gas turbine engine system and associated method employing catalytic combustion, wherein the combustor inlet temperature can be controlled to remain above the minimum required catalyst operating temperature at a wide range of operating conditions from full-load to part-load and from hot-day to cold-day conditions. The fuel is passed through the compressor along with the air and a portion of the exhaust gases from the turbine. The recirculated exhaust gas flow rate is controlled to control combustor inlet temperature.

A method for forming a vehicular brake rotor involving loading a shaped metal substrate with a mixture of metal alloying components and ceramic particles in a dieheating the contents of the die while applying pressure to melt at least one of the metal components of the alloying mixture whereby to densify the contents of the die and form a ceramic particle-containing metal matrix composite coating on the metallic substrate; and cooling the resulting coated product.

The present invention relates to variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) devices and methods for maximizing engine generator efficiency. In one embodiment, a VSCF device may include at least two paths for conducting power to the load. One path, a line inductor path, may advantageously incur minimal power loss when the engine generator is supplying rated power to a load. A second path, a VSCF path, may be used to ensure that the frequency of the power is maintained at a substantially constant frequency under various load conditions. Another embodiment of the invention describes a process for determining optimal engine generator speed for a particular load. Because engine speed can be varied using any VSCF device, this process determines a speed that minimizes fuel consumption, emissions, and noise pollution for a given load.

The gas engine with a gas fuel reforming device thermally decomposes CH4, a major component of natural gas, into a reformed fuel of CO and H2 to increase the heat produced and thereby reduce the CO2 content in the exhaust gas and prevent the formation of NOx. The gas engine mixes CH4 with CO2 and sends the gas mixture to the catalyst reactor installed in the exhaust passage where the gas mixture is thermally decomposed into a reformed fuel by using the thermal energy of the exhaust gas. CO2 is extracted from the exhaust gas by the CO2 supply device which in turn sends the CO2 to the catalyst reactor. The CO2 supply device comprises a CO2 dissolving device that accommodates a solution to dissolve CO2 of low-temperature exhaust gas and a CO2 delivery device installed in the exhaust passage through which high-temperature exhaust gas flows and adapted to release CO2 from the solution supplied from the CO2 dissolving device. The CO2 supply device can be formed of a CO2 separation membrane that separates CO2 from the exhaust gas.

Disclosed is a system and method for checking a parking position that enables a parking lot user to conveniently check a position of a vehicle that he / she has parked using his / her mobile communication terminal. When a customer with a mobile communication terminal having a built-in Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) reader chip moves his / her vehicle close to an RFID tag for checking a parking position installed at a parking stall, the position information regarding the parking stall stored in the RFID tag is transmitted to a parking management server, and the parking management server transmits it again to the mobile communication terminal in text or graphic format.

A method for fractionating fibrous biomass comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components to separate said lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose from one another comprises: (a) shredding said fibrous biomass; (b) concurrently with or subsequent to said shredding, contacting said biomass with an aqueous solution of a nitrate ion source at a concentration of about 0.1-0.3% at a temperature in the range of about 60° to about 80° C. to initiate nitration of the lignin component of said biomass; (c) submerging said partially nitrated biomass in an aqueous solution of a nitrate ion source in the presence of an aluminum compound at a temperature within the range of about 75-100° C. for a time sufficient to complete the nitration of said lignin component; (d) contacting the nitrated biomass produced in step (c) with an alkaline extraction liquor comprising NH4OH at an initial concentration sufficient to solubilize said nitrated lignin component and said hemicellulose component from said cellulose component of said biomass; e) recovering said cellulose from said extraction liquor containing said solubilized nitrated lignin and hemicellulose components, wherein said cellulose comprises at least about 88% alpha cellulose; (f) treating said extraction liquor with an acid to precipitate lignin contained therein, and (g) separating said lignin from soluble hemicellulose in said extraction liquor. The recovered cellulose component comprises at least 88% alpha cellulose and is useful as a starting material for the production of ethanol.

In a gas turbine control apparatus, a frequency analyzing section frequency-analyzes at least one of pressure oscillation in combustors of a gas turbine and acceleration oscillation of each of the combustors and outputs a first frequency analysis result as the result of frequency analysis for a plurality of predetermined frequency bands. A control unit controls at least one of a first fuel flow rate of fuel and a first air flow rate of air based on the first frequency analysis result for the plurality of frequency bands. The fuel and the air are supplied to the gas turbine.

An energy-conserving building covering material includes a building panel, such as a roofing panel or a siding panel, coated with a thermomorphic material that can change its energy reflectance. The thermomorphic coating material can be combined with a carrier material, or it can be encapsulated with a solvent and optionally a color former in a microcapsule suspended in the carrier material. Alternatively, the building panel can include an electrophoretic material sandwiched between two transparent panels acting as electrodes. The building panel, when covered with said coating material and carrier material combination, can reflect radiant energy during warmer temperatures and can absorb radiant energy during cooler temperatures and re-radiate said absorbed energy into an interior of a building.

A package for free-flowing media comprising a molded pulp vessel partly or completely surrounding two or more film pouches or a film pouch having a plurality of chambers. An environmentally friendly package whose constituents can be reused without any great complexity.

An autonomous personal transportation system for moving passengers and light freights is constructed with a track network and small vehicles on the track network. There are a number of stations and stops for loading and unloading on side tracks off the mainline of the track network. The vehicle width is limited to a dimension for one seat. The vehicles can be coupled statically or dynamically to form a train. The track has side rails for the rigid wheels of the vehicle and a central rail for centering the vehicle on the guideway and providing additional acceleration and braking capability. The control system for the movement of vehicles is divided into three levels: the central control system, the wayside control system and the vehicle control system.

An autonomous personal transportation system for moving passengers and light freights is constructed with a track network and small vehicles on the track network. There are a number of stations and stops for loading and unloading on side tracks off the mainline of the track network. The vehicle width is limited to a dimension for one seat. The vehicles can be coupled statically or dynamically to form a train. The track has side rails for the rigid wheels of the vehicle and a central rail for centering the vehicle on the guideway and providing additional acceleration and braking capability. The control system for the movement of vehicles is divided into three levels: the central control system, the wayside control system and the vehicle control system.

A gas burner has a perforated, hollow body around and defining a combustion chamber. Gaseous fuel is fed to one side of the body, combustion occurs on the other side and the perforations provide a spatial connection between the fuel feed side and the combustion side. The new burner reduces exhaust gas emissions and offers a wide range of performance in the amount of heat energy provided, in the permissible range of gas pressure and in the range of fuels and fuel / air mixtures that can be used with it.

A hydrogen hybrid locomotive including traction motors for moving the locomotive along a set of tracks, a set of batteries for providing electrical power to the traction motors, a hydrogen fuel cell power plant for charging the set of batteries, an air system having a variable speed compressor for providing air flow to the power plant, and a DC to DC converter for managing power distribution from the hydrogen fuel cell power plant to the batteries. A controller determines an amount of current required from the power plant to produce a selected amount of power, determines a stoic operating setpoint for the power plant based on the current required, sets the speed of a compressor within the air system to provide a selected amount of air flow to the power plant for the determined stoic operating setpoint, determines from a resulting actual air flow to the power module available power, and sets an operating setpoint of the DC to DC converter from the determined an available power.

The multiple driver occupied passenger vehicles transporter system (Autobus) provides a way to efficiently, economically and safely increase the highway vehicle flow rate of cars per lane per hour. Autobus employs a vehicle transporter, terminal, sensors and systems that provide a way to quickly load and unload driver occupied passenger vehicles on and off of the vehicle transporter. Autobus provides a way to safely transport multiple driver occupied passenger vehicles, including cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and light trucks.

The apparatus and method convert the fuel system of an internal combustion engine in a pre-existing (used) vehicle to operate on a mixture of fuels (like ethanol and gasoline) from a single fuel tank. The apparatus includes a fuel composition sensor installed in the fuel line and an electronic control unit with at least one fuel injector driver circuit for controlling an output signal to at least one fuel injector for controlling the air to fuel ratio of the engine. The electronic control unit controls both ignition timing and the air to fuel ratio of the engine based upon the percentage or ratio of the alternative fuel to gasoline from the fuel composition sensor. The electronic control unit receives both timing signals and fuel injector control signals from the engine's original Engine Control Module and the original emission control devices are not modified or replaced.

Filter for application in motor vehicles in general, urban or rural use, terrestrial, aquatic or aerial use, such as car, motorcycle, truck, bus, train, boat, ship, vessel, airplane, jet ski, snowmobile, tractor, any vehicle or machine powered by a combustion engine, electric, hybrid, hydrogen, gasoline, methanol, ethanol, butanol, diesel, kerosene, or any other technology or fuel, which can also be applied to any equipment using a combustion engine, like generators or turbines for stationary power generation, large water pump and agricultural equipment use, and aircraft powered by turbo-jets, turbo-fans, turbo propellers, piston engines or others, and may also provide versions for residential, commercial, industrial and hospital use, among others, with the addition of a power supply (transformer) on the power input and a possible adjustment in a cabinet with appropriate design for each use.

The multiple driver occupied passenger vehicles transporter system (Autobus) provides a way to efficiently, economically and safely increase the highway vehicle flow rate of cars per lane per hour. Autobus employs a vehicle transporter, terminal, sensors and systems that provide a way to quickly load and unload driver occupied passenger vehicles on and off of the vehicle transporter. Autobus provides a way to safely transport multiple driver occupied passenger vehicles, including cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and light trucks.

A hydrogen hybrid locomotive driven by a set of electric traction motors powered by at least one hydrogen fuel cell power module and plurality of batteries includes a chassis, an isolation structure disposed on the chassis for isolating the at least one hydrogen fuel cell power module from shock and vibration and a battery rack disposed on the chassis for supporting the plurality of batteries. A hydrogen containment module is disposed above the battery rack and includes a support rack supporting a plurality of hydrogen tanks and a manifold coupled to each of the plurality of hydrogen tanks for allowing charging and discharging of the hydrogen tanks.

A highway vehicle towing system includes a light railroad track embedded in a highway and capable of transmitting electricity from a power supply plant, and a towing tractor movable along the light railroad track to tow a car. The owing tractor has multiple pairs of metal wheels movably supported on the light railroad track, a motor, electrical wires connecting the metal wheels to the motor for transmitting electricity from the light railroad track to the motor, a transmission shaft coupled to and rotatable by the motor, and a differential mechanism coupled between the transmission shaft and the metal wheels for enabling the metal wheels to be rotated along the light railroad track by the motor.

In a gas turbine control apparatus, a frequency analyzing section frequency-analyzes at least one of pressure oscillation in combustors of a gas turbine and acceleration oscillation of each of the combustors and outputs a first frequency analysis result as the result of frequency analysis for a plurality of predetermined frequency bands. A control unit controls at least one of a first fuel flow rate of fuel and a first air flow rate of air based on the first frequency analysis result for the plurality of frequency bands. The fuel and the air are supplied to the gas turbine.

An internal-combustion, reciprocating-piston engine operating on the Otto cycle and associated method are provided where a sidewall combustion chamber is employed that is capable of receiving highly-compressed air or a mixture of any gas and fuel from a cylinder while a main piston is positioned at or near top-dead-center in the cylinder, and where the sidewall combustion chamber is also capable of temporarily storing a highly-compressed air or a mixture of any gas and fuel before sending and re-injecting an ignited or burning mixture of highly-compressed air or a mixture of any gas and fuel into the same cylinder between the main piston and the displacer-piston when the main piston is located in the cylinder at an optimum position for receiving and transferring energy or forces.

A portable and collapsible stove and lantern allowing clean combustion of biomass fuels found in the natural environment comprises a top member, a transparent member, a support member having an orifice and a plurality of windows, a chamber having a plurality of top and bottom openings and a mesh to support biomass fuels, and a main body having an insulation member, a reflecting member and a plurality of middle openings. When used, the transparent member is disposed within the support member that is disposed on top of the chamber which is then disposed within the main body, and the top member is disposed on top of the support member. Air drawn into the main body by the plurality of middle openings is further drawn into the chamber by the pluralities of top and bottom openings, mixed with fuels for combustion, producing flame into the support member through the orifice.

Apparatus and process for recovering elemental sulfur from a H2S-containing waste gas stream are disclosed. The apparatus preferably comprises a first reaction zone for carrying out the catalytic partial oxidation of H2S, a second reaction zone for the catalytic partial reduction of any incidental SO2 produced in the first reaction zone, and a cooling zone including a sulfur condenser. According to a preferred embodiment of the process, a mixture of H2S and O2 contacts a catalyst in the first reaction zone very briefly (i.e, less than about 200 milliseconds) producing primarily S0 and H2O. Some SO2 is also present in the first stage product gas mixture. A reductant gas (e.g. CO, or CH4 or natural gas) is fed together with the first stage product gas mixture to a second catalytic reaction zone where the partial reduction of the SO2 component to elemental sulfur and CO2 is carried out.

An organic Rankine engine used to power a vehicle is provided with a quick-start system of pumps, electric heaters or pistons to generate a pressure differential across the motor, prior to the engine reaching operating conditions.

An internal-combustion, reciprocating-piston engine operating on the Otto cycle and associated method are provided where a sidewall combustion chamber is employed that is capable of receiving highly-compressed air or a mixture of any gas and fuel from a cylinder while a main piston is positioned at or near top-dead-center in the cylinder, and where the sidewall combustion chamber is also capable of temporarily storing a highly-compressed air or a mixture of any gas and fuel before sending and re-injecting an ignited or burning mixture of highly-compressed air or a mixture of any gas and fuel into the same cylinder between the main piston and the displacer-piston when the main piston is located in the cylinder at an optimum position for receiving and transferring energy or forces.

The invention discloses an intelligent automatic grinding and polishing unit based on a digital bus and a usage method thereof. The intelligent automatic grinding and polishing unit comprises a grinding and polishing device (2), a control valve bank (3) and the like. A body (21) of the grinding and polishing device is at least provided with two inner channels (211) and outer channels (212) which are identical to the inner channels in number and are communicated with the inner channels respectively. The body is further provided with a pattern recognition sensor, a position sensor and a range sensor. A working device (23) is internally provided with spraying orifices (231) communicated with the inner channels. The intelligent automatic grinding and polishing unit further comprises a grinding head drive mechanism (232) and a grinding head (234). The control valve bank comprises a positive-pressure gas control solenoid valve, a negative-pressure gas control solenoid valve and a brightener control solenoid valve which are connected with the inner channels and the outer channels. The intelligent automatic grinding and polishing unit can decrease the air pollution degree of a working site, lower the probability of secondary pollution and achieve intelligent grinding and polishing, thereby being suitable for grinding and polishing procedures in digital bus factories.

The invention discloses an unfired cigarette heating device which comprises a hollow heating casing with one end opening and further comprises a circuit control carrier. A vent hole is molded in the heating casing; a piercing internal-heating structure and an annular external-heating structure are arranged in an inner cavity of the heating casing, the piercing internal-heating structure is arranged at the bottom of the heating casing, and the annular external-heating structure is arranged on the annular cavity wall of the heating casing. A cigarette clamp part is arranged at one end of the circuit control carrier, a smoking part which is in gas-flow circulation with the cigarette clamp art is arranged at the other end of the circuit control carrier, the cigarette clamp part is inserted in the inner cavity of the heating casing and is in sealed connection with the same; an airflow actuator used for starting the piercing internal-heating structure and the annular external-heating structure to heat cigarettes is also arranged in the circuit control carrier. During smoking by the smoking part of the circuit control carrier, the piercing internal-heating structure and the annular external-heating structure are started to simultaneously heat the cigarettes. The cigarettes are heated from all sides by means of combination of the piercing internal-heating structure and the annular external-heating structure; meanwhile, air pollution caused by leaked smoke can be reduced in use of the unfired cigarette heating device; and by the unfired cigarette heating device, the whole cigarettes can be heated uniformly with low requirement for heating temperature.

An electric arc welder for creating a welding process in the form of a succession of AC waveforms between a particular type of cored electrode, with a sheath and core, and a workpiece by a power source comprising an high frequency switching device for creating the individual waveforms in said succession of waveforms, each waveform having a profile is formed by the magnitude of each of a large number of short current pulses generated at a frequency of at least 18 kHz where said profile is determined by the input signal to a wave shaper controlling said short current pulses; a circuit to create a profile signal indicative of said particular type of electrode; and a select circuit to select said input signal based upon said profile signal whereby said wave shaper causes said power source to crate a specific waveform profile for said particular type of cored electrode.